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development and validation of a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay for chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) growth hormone.this study describes the development of a highly specific and very sensitive radioimmunoassay for salmonid growth hormone. antiserum raised against chinook (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) gh2, which did not recognize 125i-sprl and 125i-sgth (at 1:1000 initial dilution), was able to inhibit growth when injected into rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). 125i-sgh2, used as tracer, was not recognized by anti-sgth or by anti-sprl. mammalian gh and acth and salmonid gth, tsh, and prl did not cross-react in ...19911879675
pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri richardson) acclimated at two different temperature levels.the influence of temperature (10 degrees c and 20 degrees c) on pharmacokinetics and metabolism of sulphadimidine (sdm) in carp and trout was studied. at 20 degrees c a significantly lower level of distribution (vdarea) and a significantly shorter elimination half-life (t(1/2)beta) was achieved in both species compared to the 10 degrees c level. in carp the body clearance parameter (clb(sdm)) was significantly higher at 20 degrees c compared to the value at 10 degrees c, whereas for trout this p ...19911882494
lipoxin formation in fish leucocytes.adherent leucocytes, consisting of mainly macrophages, isolated from the haemopoietic head kidney of five species of fish were challenged with calcium ionophore and the resulting lipoxygenase products were separated and identified by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. of the fish examined, only adherent leucocytes from the atlantic salmon and mirror carp generated lipoxins. atlantic salmon leucocytes synthesized mainly lipoxin (lx) a4/lxa5 and 11-trans-lxa4/11-trans-lxa5, whil ...19911888779
population study of horizontal cells in live carp retinas using microinjections of horseradish peroxidase.in order to randomly sample horizontal cells (hcs) of carp retina, horseradish peroxidase (hrp) was delivered into axon terminals by means of vitreally inserted micropipettes in live fish. survival time was extended to several hours to permit label diffusion into hc somata. a function measuring the relative complexity of cell contours was defined in order to help classify hcs according to their morphological types. the histogram of measurement from 313 hcs showed three modes fitting normal distr ...19911891806
[a case report of controlled aortic root reperfusion (carp) following global myocardial ischemia during surgery for severe mitral stenosis with tricuspid regurgitation].the use of controlled aortic root reperfusion (carp) as additional myocardial protection in cardiac surgery has been employed at university of alabama at birmingham since 1986. this technique has been applied to a patient in japan undergoing mitral valve replacement and tricuspid annuloplasty and favorable results were obtained. the carp method consists of two consecutive procedures following global myocardial ischemia, that is, terminal warm blood cardioplegic reperfusion and selective controll ...19911894989
effects of organophosphorus insecticides: effects of trichlorfon and dichlorvos on the immune response of carp (cyprinus carpio). iii. in vitro effects on lymphocyte proliferation and phagocytosis and in vivo effects on humoral response.cells isolated from the pronephros of carp were incubated in vitro with the organophosphorus insecticide trichlorfon or dichlorvos, each of which is used in aquaculture to eliminate fish ectoparasites. dose-dependent suppressive effects were observed in assays for lymphocyte proliferation and myeloid cell respiratory burst activities. dichlorvos given by bath in vivo did not affect antibody production against yersinia ruckeri even if the spleen and kidney were obviously contaminated according to ...19911914997
modelling protein three-dimensional structure using tritium planigraphy.we propose the use of data on the topography of the label-accessible surface of a protein molecule obtained by the method of tritium planigraphy as a criterion for choosing the optimal intermediate arrangements of alpha-helices in globular proteins so as to model their three-dimensional structures. this approach has been used for modelling the three-dimensional structure of parvalbumin iii from pike. the proposed model has been compared with high-resolution x-ray structural data for a related pr ...19911915152
early life stages of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) depend on ambient magnesium for their development.carp eggs, fertilized in vitro, were allowed to develop in fresh water with magnesium concentrations varying from 0.001 to 0.100 mmol l-1. magnesium concentrations below 0.010 mmol l-1 seriously impeded carp embryonic development: the incidence of deformed larvae and mortality increased steeply to 100% at water magnesium concentrations of 0.001 mmol l-1. thus, early life stages of carp require ambient magnesium for survival and successful development. the magnesium and calcium concentrations of ...19911919414
sphaerospora epinepheli n. sp. (myxosporea: sphaerosporidae) observed in grouper (epinephelus malabaricus).sphaerospora epinepheli n. sp. is described from grouper, epinephelus malabaricus, in cage-cultured and wild fish collected from both coastal lines of southern thailand. subspherical to spherical spores and mono- or disporous pseudoplasmodia were observed in the lumen of kidney tubules. pseudoplasmodia were round to elongate, size range 15.6-22.9 microns (length) x 8.4-21.6 microns (width). spores were 7.8-10.0 microns (length) x 12.3-14.5 microns (thickness), and 7.0-9.5 microns (width) with tw ...20091920143
[contamination of fish tissue cell cultures by mycoplasma].the inoculated and primary cell cultures of fish (carp, salmon, and sturgeon) have been studied. acholeplasma typed as a. laidlawii in terms of its biochemical properties shown in inhibited metabolism has been isolated from 19 samples. the authors consider the source of acholeplasma-induced contamination of the cell cultures under study.19911927041
the adenosine receptor blocker aminophylline increases anoxic ethanol excretion in crucian carp.by depressing energy consumption, anoxia-tolerant animals are thought to compensate for a reduced ability to produce energy during anoxia. adenosine is an inhibitory neuromodulator in vertebrates and, hence, has the potential ability to depress energy consumption. ethanol is the main metabolic end product in anoxic carassius, and the present study shows that the rate of ethanol excretion in anoxic crucian carp (carassius carassius l.) can be increased threefold by treatment with the adenosine re ...19911928423
goussia carpelli (apicomplexa, eimeriorina) from cyprinid fish: field observations and infection experiments.intestinal tissue samples of 9 cyprinid and gobiid fish species from several hatcheries and ponds in south bohemia were found to harbour goussia carpelli-like coccidian oocysts. furthermore, laboratory transmission of goussia carpelli, obtained from common carp, was attempted to 9 cyprinid fish species, both laboratory reared and obtained from pond environments. infection experiments, carried out by fecal contamination (direct transmission) and by using tubificid oligochaetes as paratenic hosts ...19911928799
insulin-like growth factor i-like immunoreactivity in serum and tissues of the tilapia, oreochromis mossambicus.tilapia serum was acidified with 0.5 m hcl and then chromatographed on an octadecasily-silica column. after washing with 4% acetic acid, the column was eluted with methanol. the eluate was evaporated to dryness. the sample cross-reacted in a human insulin-like growth factor i (igf-i) radioimmunoassay, suggesting immunochemical similarity to human igf-i. igf-i-like immunoreactivity was present at high levels in tilapia liver. other tissues containing igf-i-like immunoreactivity included the gonad ...19911930252
shifts in protein metabolism in some organs of freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio under mercury stress.changes in the protein metabolism of gill, kidney and intestine of freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio exposed to 1, 15 and 30 days to sublethal concentration (0.1 mg/l) of mercury were studied. the total, soluble and structural protein contents recorded the depletion followed by progressive increase in accumulation of free aminoacids. concurrently, the activity of protease in the tissues was also increased. a steady enhancement in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotrans ...19911930254
in vitro maturation of the potential for movement of carp spermatozoa.carp semen obtained from isolated fish after hormonal stimulation was highly variable in terms of volume of semen, osmotic pressure of the seminal plasma, and sperm capacity to move. moreover, this last parameter was unstable when the spermatozoa were kept within the seminal plasma, and the present work was designed to investigate and possibly correct this phenomenon. sperm potential movement was the major parameter studied and was measured by the percentage of motile cells in a final 3.000-fold ...19911931042
on the dissemination of two far east monogenean parasites (dactylogyrus achmerovi gussev, 1955 and gyrodactylus kherulensis ergens, 1974, of carp (cyprinus carpio l.)) in czechoslovakia. 19911937271
early development of khawia sinensis hsü, 1935 (cestoda: caryophyllidea), a carp parasite.the development of the tapeworm khawia sinensis parasitizing carp (cyprinus carpio l.) has been studied from the release of cestode eggs into water to the formation of infective procercoids in the intermediate host under laboratory conditions. the rate of embryonal development is greatly influenced by the water temperature. while at 5 degrees c the development of oncospheres was not recorded, at 10-12 degrees c, 15 degrees c, 20-22 degrees c, and 23-24 degrees c oncospheres were fully formed aft ...19911937272
fenvalerate induced biochemical changes in the selected tissues of freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio.alterations in the levels of some biochemical and enzymological parameters in brain, liver and muscle tissues of cyprinus carpio exposed to sublethal concentration (10 micrograms/liter) of fenvalerate for 6, 12, 24 and 48 hr were studied. total, structural and soluble proteins were decreased, whereas the free amino acids and the activities of protease, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase significantly increased in fenvalerate exposed fish. it is also observed that the changes ...19911953805
[characteristics of adenosine triphosphatase activity in carp erythrocytes treated with saponin].the activities of ca-atpase and na,k-atpase in saponin-treated erythrocytes of man, rat and carp were compared. it was shown that at free calcium concentrations lower than 1 microm the activity of ca-atpase in carp erythrocytes was by one order of magnitude lower than in rat erythrocytes and 3-4 times lower than in human red blood cells. at [ca2+] = 0.4 microm the activities of na,k-atpase in all species under study were essentially the same. the increase in ca2+ concentration up to 1 microm res ...19901963091
sequential course of uptake of intravitreal 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine by carp retinal cells.the sequential course of uptake by retinal cells of intravitreally injected 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-dht) together with dopamine (da) was investigated in juvenile carp retinas, which were removed at various intervals (1-24 h) after injection. the cells taken up 5,7-dht were visualized immunohistochemically with anti-serotonin (5-ht) antibody and fitc-conjugated igg. after a mixture of 5,7-dht and da (2.5, 10 or 20 micrograms each) was given, large-sized indoleamine (ia) amacrine cells first ...19901970941
long-term anoxia in crucian carp: changes in the levels of amino acid and monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain, catecholamines in chromaffin tissue, and liver glycogen.crucian carp (carassius carassius l.), which are extremely anoxia-tolerant, were exposed to 17 days of anoxia at 8 degrees c. one group of fish was transferred to normoxic water for 1-8 h immediately after the anoxic period. all the eight amino acids measured in brain (including four putative neurotransmitters) were more or less strongly affected by anoxia. gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) displayed a nearly fivefold increase during anoxia. it is hypothesized that the increased level of this inhib ...19901972385
gliotoxic effects of alpha-aminoadipic acid isomers on the carp retina: a long term observation.the glutamate analogue, alpha-aminoadipic acid was intravitreally administered in the d-, dl- and l-forms to carp (cyprinus carpio) retina in vivo. to make a quantitative assessment of its gliotoxic action, the activity of glutamine synthetase, whose localization was confirmed in glial müller cells by an immunohistochemical technique, was examined at various intervals over one month. intravitreal injection of 8 mumol alpha-aminoadipic acids reduced the glutamine synthetase activity within 4 h an ...19901977098
effect of oxygen tension on catecholamine-induced formation of camp and on swelling of carp red blood cells.we studied the effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation on the formation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (camp) and on the cell volume in carp red blood cells in normoxia (po2 = 150 mmhg) and hypoxia (po2 = 8 mmhg). accumulation of camp was the prerequisite for adrenergic cell swelling. cell swelling was induced by beta-agonists, forskolin, and 8-bromo-camp. the amount of camp required for adrenergic swelling was minimal; swelling was observed at camp concentrations greater than 100 nm. ma ...19901978570
accumulation and metabolism of 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl-4'-aminophenyl ether by carp.1. accumulation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl-4'-aminophenyl ether (cnp-amino) in carp was investigated for 14 days. cnp-amino in carp could be divided into free cnp-amino [cnp-amino(i)] and bound cnp-amino [cnp-amino(ii)]. 2. the bioconcentration factors (bcf) of cnp-amino(i + ii) in carp were 90 +/- 38 (mean +/- sd, n = 3) for muscle, 402 for liver, 501 for kidney and 5368 for gallbladder after 14 days exposure. 3. 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl-4'-acetamide phenyl ether (cnp-acetamide) was detected as meta ...19901980874
bioconcentration and excretion of diazinon, ibp, malathion and fenitrothion by carp.1. bioconcentration and excretion of diazinon, ibp, malathion and fenitrothion were studied for carp (cyprinus carpio l.). 2. the concentrations of these pesticides in muscle and viscera of the carp reached plateaus in 12-48 hr exposure. 3. the average values of bioconcentration factors (bcf) for diazinon were 20.9 in muscle, 60.0 in liver, 111.1 in kidney and 32.2 in gallbladder over the 168 hr exposure period. similarly, those values were 4.3-26.7 for ibp, 2.7-17.3 for malathion, and 36.0-157. ...19901980880
isoelectric analysis of 3h-pargyline-labelled monoamine oxidase in rat and carp.1. after selective binding of [3h]pargyline to either monoamine oxidase (mao) a or mao b in the rat liver, mao b alone in the rat brain and mao in carp brain and liver, molecular weight and isoelectric points (pi) of these mao were determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing and results obtained were compared. 2. for all tissues tested, sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of [3h]pargyline-bound samples revealed a labelled protein ban ...19901980888
seasonal variations in the content of catecholamines in carp heart (cyprinus carpio).1. seasonal changes in epinephrine and norepinephrine contents were demonstrated in ventricular muscle tissues of carp heart. 2. patterns of changes in epinephrine and norepinephrine contents were similar; high during late spring-to-summer and low in winter; however, the fluctuation in epinephrine content was greater than that of norepinephrine. 3. tyramine caused a positive inotropic effect in isolated electrically-stimulated ventricular muscles of carp heart. the inotropic effect was totally b ...19901981337
effects of some autonomic drugs and neuropeptides on the mechanical activity of longitudinal and circular muscle strips isolated from the carp intestinal bulb (cyprinus carpio).1. the mechanical responses to some autonomic drugs and neuropeptides of longitudinal muscle (lm) and circular muscle (cm) strips isolated from the carp intestinal bulb were investigated in vitro. 2. acetylcholine and carbamylcholine caused concentration-dependent transient contraction of both lm and cm strips. tetrodotoxin had no effect, but atropine selectively decreased the contractile responses to acetylcholine and carbamylcholine. 3. excitatory alpha-2 and inhibitory beta adrenoceptors were ...19901981339
in vitro responses of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) somatotrophs to carp growth hormone-releasing factor (grf) and somatostatin.to study the hypothalamic control of growth hormone (gh) release in lower vertebrates, we employed an in vitro technique using a monolayer cell culture system of rainbow trout pituitary glands. two newly purified carp brain growth hormone-releasing factors, carp grf(1-45) and carp grf(1-29), and synthetic somatostatin-14 (sst-14) were applied to the cultured pituitary cells. the results indicate that: (1) the carp grfs had a dose-related potency in stimulating growth hormone release. the dose of ...19901981568
[features of the interconversion of alpha-ketoglutarate--glutamate in brain mitochondria of exothermic animals during hibernation].it has been found that there exists a correlation in the dynamics of changes in the amount of glutamate, alpha-ketoglutarate, glutamine, ammonia and activity level or alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, nadp-glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase and glutaminase in the brain of young carp in the process of winter starvation. it has been stated that under condition of energy deficiency and meaningful amount of ammonia in the organism of hibernating fish, its binding parallel with the known ...20161982377
metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene and (-)-trans-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol by freshly isolated hepatocytes from mirror carp.the metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p) and (-)-trans-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol [(-)-b[a]p-7,8-diol], a major putative proximate carcinogenic metabolite of b[a]p, was compared in freshly isolated hepatocytes from mirror carp, a strain of common carp (cyprinus carpio, l.). hepatocytes incubated with 40 microm [3h]b[a]p produced 1.22 nmol equivalents of b[a]p metabolites/mg dry wt of cells/h. conjugated derivatives represented approximately 65% of all b[a]p metabolites and included glucuroni ...19911995182
myofilament overlap in swimming carp. i. myofilament lengths of red and white muscle.to assess myofilament overlap during locomotion, we estimated the length of myosin and actin filaments in axial red and white muscle of carp. myosin filament lengths were 1.52 +/- 0.009 and 1.50 +/- 0.037 micron (means +/- sd) in the red and white muscle, respectively, as measured from thin sections. after correction for shrinkage (using the troponin-based 385-a axial periodicity), thin filaments were 0.96 +/- 0.009 and 0.97 +/- 0.023 micron in the red and white muscles, respectively. filaments ...19911996611
myofilament overlap in swimming carp. ii. sarcomere length changes during swimming.this study was performed to determine myofilament overlap during swimming in carp. by using frozen sections, we found that sarcomere lengths of the red and white muscle could be related to the curvature of the backbone. sarcomere length (sl) during swimming was calculated from an analysis of backbone curvature in high-speed motion pictures. because carp have the same myofilament lengths as frogs, we related force generation to sl using the frog sl-tension curve. at slow swimming speeds, the red ...19911996612
cloning and characterization of the carp prolactin gene.a carp genomic dna clone containing the carp prolactin (prl) gene was isolated with carp prl cdna as a probe. the organization of the carp prl gene was determined by restriction nuclease mapping and nucleotide sequencing. the prl gene comprises approx. 2.8 kilobasepairs (kb) of dna including the 5'-flanking region, five exons, four introns and the 3'-flanking region. analysis of the 5'-flanking region reveals (1) the sequence tatataat at positions -38 to -31 upstream from the cap site which was ...19912001405
the crystal structure of silver carp insulin at medium resolution.it is an important way of surveying the structure-function relationship of insulin to study insulins from different species. based on the structure model of an orthorhombic crystal obtained by the molecular replacement method, the crystallographic refinement of a hexamer of silver carp insulin in an asymmetric unit has been carried out with 2.8 a resolution data using the restrained least-squares method. the comparisons of insulin structures have shown that the six silver carp insulin molecules ...19912021422
the potential of carp to bioactivate benzo[a]pyrene to metabolites that bind to dna.we have investigated the formation of dna adducts in starved, fed and 5,6-benzoflavone-pretreated carp following i.p. administration of benzo(a)pyrene. 32p-postlabeling analysis of the liver dnas showed the presence of one predominant (greater than 92%) adduct in all three groups. cochromatography experiments revealed that the main adduct was identical to authentic bpdei-dg (10 beta-(deoxyguanosin-n2-yl)-7 beta, 8 alpha, 9 alpha-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene). the formation of the ...19752032212
rapid cold-induced changes of membrane order and delta 9-desaturase activity in endoplasmic reticulum of carp liver: a time-course study of thermal acclimation.the membrane order of liver endoplasmic reticulum (er) membranes of 10 degrees c- and 30 degrees c-acclimated carp has been compared using the fluorescence polarization technique with dph as probe. membranes from cold-acclimated fish displayed lower polarizations than corresponding membranes from warm-acclimated fish, the difference compensating for 34-50% of the direct effects of temperature upon polarization. the changes in delta 9-desaturase activity and fluorescence polarization of dph in er ...19912036447
infection of the heart in carp caused by myxobolus dogieli (myxosporea, myxobolidae).myxobolus dogieli infecting the heart muscles of carp was noted in a cage fishfarm situated in the upper volga river. prevalence of infection of two summer old fishes in different cages was 10-20%. some of the fishes perished. one summer old carps had a lower infection. the disease takes place when the thermal efflusences of power stations are used.19912039093
purification and properties of neutral beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase from carp blood.a neutral beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase has been purified to homogeneity from carp blood by a seven-step procedure. it was localized in the cytosol of red blood cells. the purified enzyme was specific to beta-n-acetylglucosaminide and inactive to beta-n-acetylgalactosaminide. it was competitively inhibited by free n-acetylglucosamine, but not by free n-acetylgalactosamine. the optimum ph of the enzyme was 6.5, with a stable ph range of 7.0 to 11.0. the enzyme showed greater heat-lability and anod ...19912043684
refined crystal structure of ytterbium-substituted carp parvalbumin 4.25 at 1.5 a, and its comparison with the native and cadmium-substituted structures.the crystal structure of carp parvalbumin 4.25 containing a 1:1 molar ratio of ytterbium chloride to protein has been refined at 1.5 a resolution by restrained least-squares methods to a crystallographic r value of 0.199. the crystal structure confirms the nmr studies, which suggest that low concentrations of ytterbium cause an extensive displacement of calcium from the ef metal binding site. a comparison of the ytterbium-substituted model with the native and cadmium-substituted structure show n ...19912044772
[experimental studies of the effect of rhabdovirus infection on hematological, immunological and biochemical indicators in cold-blooded animals].bactericidal activity of blood serum (babc), content of lysozyme, protein in it were recorded as well as formula and form of erythrocytes, activity of digestive enzymes by results of free amino acid accumulation in the food substrate were determined ten days after rhabdovirus injection to one-year-old carp. it is shown that if there are no clinical symptoms of viremia in carps, babc, relative number of stab neutrophils and the value of eccentricity index in erythrocytes increase. simultaneously ...20062055316
development of a homologous radioimmunoassay for eel prolactin.a highly specific and homologous radioimmunoassay (ria) for the measurement of prolactin (prl) in the plasma and the pituitary of the eel was developed using a rabbit antiserum to eel prl. prl was purified from the pituitary of japanese eel (anguilla japonica). pituitary extracts and plasma from the japanese and european eels exhibited displacement curves parallel to the eel prl standard. plasma and pituitary extracts from chum salmon, rainbow trout, japanese charr, tilapia, goldfish, and carp, ...19912055440
dark adaptation of horizontal cells in the teleost fish retina.the dark adaptation behaviors of rod-driven and cone-driven horizontal cells were examined by analyzing their light responses recorded intracellularly in the intact, immobilized carp, and compared with that of the electroretinographic b-wave recorded simultaneously. like the b-wave, the light responsiveness of rod horizontal cells increased gradually with time in the dark and attained a steady level at 60 min. on the other hand, cone horizontal cells initially increased in light responsiveness i ...19912059325
[the helminthiasis situation in areas of the influence of water storage basins on the territory of cherkassy province].the situation with helminthiases has been studied on the right tributaries of the dnieper, the upper reaches of kremenchug storage pond and in the storage ponds of the south bug basin. the existence of genuine opisthorchiasis foci in kremenchug storage pond is at present impossible due to the absence of codiella mollusks. fish of the carp family is infected in the right tributaries of the dnieper. no diphyllobothriasis foci have been identified in the upper reaches of kremenchug storage pond. op ...20092067500
dopamine and 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate differentially modify spectral responses of h1 horizontal cells in carp retina.cone-driven external h1 horizontal cells (h1 hcs) in the cyprinid fish retina hyperpolarize in response to all visible lights, and their synaptic inputs have been widely believed to be excitatory. recent experiments indicate, however, that short- and long-lambda (wavelength)-sensitive cone photoreceptors have different types of synaptic mechanisms; a conductance-decreasing, sign-reversing and short-lambda-mediating type, and a more conventional conductance-increasing class of excitatory (sign-co ...19902073952
steroid profiles during spawning in male common carp.the profiles of testosterone (t) 11-ketotestosterone (11-kt), 17 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17-p), and 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta-p) were determined in groups of spermiating male common carp (cyprinus carpio) which were or were not mated with females and subjected to an increase in water temperature, a treatment which usually induces females to spawn. the steroid levels were correlated with changes in gonadotropin (gth). all males mated with ovulatory females show ...19902074001
growth of organs and tissues in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) larvae.growth of some internal organs and tissues was studied in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) in order to provide baseline information on the growth process during the first posthatching stages of fish, and to compare the trend observed in fish to that known in other animals. growth of organs and tissues (liver, pancreas, trunk muscles, digestive tract, eyes, nervous system) was studied in rapidly growing carp (cyprinus carpio l.) larvae by means of a quantitative histological method. mean body weight of ...19902074119
conformational comparisons among homologous bony fish 5s ribosomal rnas.the reversible thermal melting of homologous 5s ribosomal rnas of three bony fishes, rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri), carp (cyprinus carpio), and dog salmon (onchorhynchus keta), were compared in aqueous salts (sodium chloride and/or divalent metal chlorides) by means of differential optical absorption at 260 and 280 nm, and c.d. at 265 nm. the melting parameters of the multiphasic melting process were conserved among the homologous rnas, and it was shown that they did not depend on the methods ...19902083239
[the seasonal appearance of swim bladder inflammation in the course of sphaerospora renicola infection in carp].in carp during 1st year the course of dynamics of the 3 known stages of sphaerospora renicola showed an increase of the kidney infection in winter and spring (with inhibited sporulation). the winter/spring-peak was accompanied by an intensive blood-phase (c-stages). after august of the 1st summer the swimbladder-phase (k-stages) was not observed, although sbi occurred between january and april. under warm water condition this infection was discharged after september/october, the sbi never occurr ...19902085211
cytotoxicity of carp (cyprinus carpio) leucocytes induced against tnp-modified autologous spleen cells and influence of acclimatization temperature. 19902086276
structure-activity studies with fragments and analogous of salmonid melanin-concentrating hormone.a number of cyclic and linear fragments and analogues of mch were synthesized and their biological potencies tested using the isolated carp scale melanophore assay. in this system the cyclic portion mch(5-14) exhibited only 0.1% bioactivity, which was markedly enhanced by the addition of the exocyclic sequences mch(15-17) and mch(1-4). the exocyclic sequence itself, mch(1-4,15-17), had minimal activity, however. substitution of tyr11 with phenylalanine reduced the potency of the ring structure m ...20142087435
modulatory effect of metal ions on the immune response of fish: in vivo and in vitro influence of mncl2 on nk activity of carp pronephros cells.the in vivo and in vitro influence of mncl2 on carp pronephros cells was investigated. increased cytotoxicity against both yac-1 and p 815 target cells was observed following an intraperitoneal injection of 40, 80, or 120 micrograms mncl2/g body wt administrated 24 hr prior to the in vitro 51cr release assay. similarly, in vitro treatment of carp pronephros cells, at a final concentration of 60 micrograms/culture, resulted in an increase of nk cell activity in both yac-1 and p 815 target cell li ...19902090440
[a novel group of nucleolar organizer region associating proteins].with the scleroderma autoantinucleolar antiserum which was discribed in our previous paper, we identified a novel group of nucleolar organizer associating proteins, anop. by means of immunoblotting, it was found that anop mainly consists of three polypeptides with molecular weights of 65, 76, and 78 kd respectively. immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that anop is localized in the shells of dense fibril components surrounding fibrillar centers of nucleolus. moreover, indirect immunofluorescen ...19902091420
[prophylactic and therapeutic studies on intestinal giant-cystic disease of the israel carp caused by thelohanellus kitauei. i. course of formation and vanishment of the cyst].in an attempt to develop prophylactic and therapeutic measures of the intestinal giant-cystic disease caused by thelohanellus kitauei in the israel carp, cyprinus carpio nudus, pathological observations were conducted upon the carps which were hatched in may 1988 and raised in a net cage fish farm at the soyang lake, managed by horim fisheries for the period of 21 months with 1-2 months interval. after a gross inspection of the carps, necropsy was carried out periodically in order to clarify the ...19902095200
absorption of ascorbic acid and ascorbic sulfate and ascorbate metabolism in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).ascorbate metabolism was analyzed in fasted common carp and carp offered diets lacking ascorbic acid or supplemented with ascorbic acid (aa) or ascorbic sulfate (as). ascorbic acid and ascorbic sulfate were analyzed in the contents collected from various parts of the digestive tract. the major site of the dietary ascorbate absorption was located in the first 20% of the anterior intestine region (58.7 +/- 10.2%), whereas absorption increased to 94.3 +/- 1.9% (in the whole gut). considerable secre ...19902097301
[prophylactic and therapeutic studies on intestinal giant-cystic disease of the israel carp caused by thelohanellus kitauei. ii. effects of physical and chemical factors on t. kitauei spores in vitro].in a basic attempt to develop the prophylactic and therapeutic measures on intestinal giant-cystic disease of the israel carp, cyprinus carpio nudus, the effects of physical and chemical factors on viability or survival of the spores of thelohanellus kitauei were checked in vitro by means of extrusion test on the polar filament. when the fresh spores suspended with 0.45% and 0.9% sodium chloride solution and distilled water were laid at 5 degrees c and 28 degrees c for short terms, the extrusion ...19902099178
localization of growth hormone-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of some teleost species.an antiserum to growth hormone-releasing factor (grf) 1-44 was applied on brain and pituitary sections of nine teleost species. immunoreactive (ir) perikarya were demonstrated in parvo- and magnocellular portions of the preoptic nucleus (pon) and occasionally in the nucleus lateralis tuberis. the two tracts originating in the pon ran ventro-laterally toward the optic chiasm and then caudally in the basal hypothalamus. in the pars distalis (pd) of the eel, carp, goldfish and salmonids, grf-ir fib ...19902105165
rna-binding protein-related sequence in a malaria antigen, clustered-asparagine-rich protein.members of the rna-binding protein superfamily contain rna binding domains of about 90 amino acids with a highly conserved motif 'gfgf'. using the conserved motif with some variations g-(f/y)-(g/a)-(f/y)-(v/i)-x-(f/y) as a probe, we screened protein sequences carrying identical amino acids in an nbrf-protein database. it has been found that the c-terminal portion of clustered asparagine-rich protein (carp), a malaria antigen from plasmodium falciparum, shows an unexpected sequence similarity wit ...19902105236
glycogen phosphorylase in fish muscle: demonstration of three interconvertible forms.white skeletal muscle of crucian carp contains a single isoenzyme of glycogen phosphorylase, which was purified approximately 300-fold to a specific activity of approximately 13 mumol.min-1.mg protein-1 (assayed in the direction of glycogen breakdown at 25 degrees c). tissue extracts of crucian muscle produced three distinct peaks of phosphorylase activity when separated on deae-sephacel. peaks 1 and 3 were identified, in terms of kinetic properties and by interconversion experiments, as phospho ...19902106266
growth of the penaeid shrimp virus infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus in a fish cell line.an established fish cell line, epithelioma papillosum cyprini (epc), originating from the carp (cyprinus carpio) was found to be susceptible to the penaeid shrimp virus, infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihhnv). this economically important pathogen of penaeid shrimp raised in mariculture has been previously limited to growth only in young post-larval shrimps. this is, to our knowledge, the first reported successful growth of the penaeid virus in a fish cell line; it promise ...19902117021
calcium ions as a mediator in gnrh action on gonadotropin release in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l).collagenase-dispersed carp pituitary cells in a perifusion system were used to study the role of calcium ions in the mechanism of gnrh action on the release of maturational gonadotropin (gth) in fish. the specific calcium chelator egta and the calcium antagonist manganese (mn2+) caused a 40% inhibition in the basal gth release and completely blocked gnrh-stimulated gth release. short-term application of graded doses of calcium ionophore a23187 caused a dose-dependent increase in gth secretion. a ...19902123110
ventilation, cardiac output and blood respiratory parameters in the carp, cyprinus carpio, during hyperoxia.the specific ventilatory flow rate (vw), cardiac output (vb) and blood respiratory parameters were determined in the carp (cyprinus carpio) during hyperoxia. vb changed little during moderate hyperoxia (240-330 torr) but slightly increased during extreme hyperoxia (430-490 torr) while vw decreased. this means that the ventilation-perfusion ratio considerably decreased during hyperoxia. the co2 tension (pco2) of blood rose, causing a corresponding decrease in blood ph. the o2 tensions (po2) of ar ...19902124716
immunohistochemical localization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the brain of carp, cyprinus carpio.the localization of immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone (ir-trh) in the forebrain and pituitary of carp was studied immunohistochemically using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. in the hypothalamus. ir-trh was present in the neuronal processes extending from the preoptic nucleus (npo) to the nucleus recessus lateralis (nrl). cell bodies appeared to be present in the inside of the medial nrl. most of these neurons were fusiform and bipolar. immunoreactive-beaded fibers streamed fr ...19902125569
intestinal trematodes of humans in korea: metagonimus, heterophyids and echinostomes.ten species of the trematode family heterophyidae (metagonimus yokogawai, m. takahashii, heterophyes nocens, h. heterophyes, h. dispar, heterophyopsis continua, pygidiopsis summa, stellantchasmus falcatus, centrocestus armatus and stictodora fuscatum), and 3 species of the family echinostomatidae (echinostoma hortense, e. cinetorchis and echinochasmus japonicus) have been found to infect humans in korea. biological and epidemiological studies on the above species have shown that metagonimus, het ...19902133416
isolation and characterization of beta-actin gene of carp (cyprinus carpio).a beta-actin gene of carp (cyprinus carpio) was isolated from a genomic embl3 library. the nucleotide sequence of the gene indicates six exons spanning 3.6 kb. southern blot hybridization of restriction endonuclease digests of carp genomic dna indicate that there are two copies of the beta-actin isotype and several other species of actin genes. the transcriptional start site is 85 bp and 24 bp downstream respectively from consensus ccaat and tata promoter elements. the organization of the carp b ...19902134183
thermal acclimation and muscle contractile properties in cyprinid fish.after several weeks of cold acclimation, the swimming performance of some fish is increased at low temperatures and decreased at high temperatures. the temperature compensation of locomotory activity involves changes in central patterns of muscle fiber recruitment and in the properties of the peripheral nervous system and muscle tissues. in some freshwater fish belonging to the family cyprinidae, including the goldfish (carassius auratus), the common carp (cyprinus carpio), and the roach (rutilu ...19902143635
[the biology and pathogenicity of the carp parasite thelohanellus nikolskii (myxosporidia)].the myxosporidian thelohanellus nikolskii has been recorded in young of carp in fish-breeding ponds of moldavia since 1982. sporogenesis takes place from june to august. single cysts with mature spores are found in winter and spring. the distribution of cysts in the host's population is of overdispersed character. haematological investigation has revealed the threshold level of the invasion when there are observed changes in the blood of infected fishes (8 to 10 cysts per 1 g of fish weight). th ...19902147986
nucleotide sequence of carp mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase iii. 19902156223
purification and subcellular localization of zn-dependent acid p-nitrophenylphosphatase in frog liver and comparison with other vertebrates.zn2(+)-dependent acid p-nitrophenylphosphatase (zn-acpase) from liver of rana esculenta was purified to homogeneity. the purified enzyme moves as a single electrophoretic band at ph 8.3 in 7.5% acrylamide and was coincident with the enzyme activity. the enzyme has a molecular weight of 102,000 +/- 5,000d and is a dimer with two apparently similar polypeptide chains of 48,000 +/- 3,000d as determined by sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis. zn-acpase from frog liver requires zn2+ ions for ca ...19902161444
angiotensin-converting enzyme distribution and hypoxia response in mammal, bird, and fish.angiotensin i-converting enzyme activity was measured in homogenates of guinea pig (cavia porcellus), chicken (gallus domesticus), and carp (cyprinus carpio) organs. the highest activity was found in guinea pig lung and chicken kidney. in carp the highest activity was found in heart and spleen, although gill arch also showed a high activity. acute hypoxia decreased the angiotensin i-converting enzyme activity in guinea pig lung and carp gill arch, but the changes in chicken lung and kidney were ...19902167864
herpesviruses detected in papillomatous skin growths of koi carp (cyprinus carpio).herpesviruses were found associated with epidermal hyperplasia of koi carp (cyprinus carpio) in northern california (usa). papillomas were found principally on the caudal regions of the fish including the fins. the growths occurred most commonly in the fall and winter among populations of captive carp. infected epidermal cells were characterized by greatly enlarged nuclei depleted of chromatin but with thickened nuclear membranes. numerous virions were detected in infected cells. herpesvirus nuc ...19902174469
changes in free amino acid levels in various tissues of common carp in response to insulin injection followed by force-feeding an amino acid diet.the effects of a single injection of porcine insulin on free amino acid levels in plasma, erythrocytes, hepatopancreas and skeletal muscle were simultaneously monitored in common carp; the fish were force-fed a complete diet composed of crystalline amino acids as the sole protein precursors (amino acid diet) to study the dynamics of amino acid metabolism. the force-feeding of the amino acid diet caused surges in the concentrations of almost all amino acids in fish injected with saline, and amino ...19902195144
histamine in the retina: recent progress and perspectives.this article presents some new findings, and shortly surveys recently published data, on histamine (ha) in the retina of several vertebrates (carp, hen, rabbit, rat, guinea pig, cow, man). analysis of various parameters (ha level, activity of histidine decarboxylase and ha-methyltransferase, release and uptake of ha, 3h-mepyramine binding, effect of ha on camp accumulation, diurnal variations) in vertebrate retina and brain shows that histaminergic systems in these sites are comparable, although ...19902196761
influence of temperature on muscle recruitment and muscle function in vivo.temperature has a large influence on the maximum velocity of shortening (vmax) and maximum power output of muscle (q10 = 1.5-3). in some animals, maximum performance and maximum sustainable performance show large temperature sensitivities, because these parameters are dependent solely on mechanical power output of the muscles. the mechanics of locomotion (sarcomere length excursions and muscle-shortening velocities, v) at a given speed, however, are precisely the same at all temperatures. animal ...19902201215
functional significance of metabolic responses to thermal acclimation in fish muscle.compensatory increases of the aerobic capacity of fish swimming muscle are frequently observed in response to cold acclimation. such thermal compensation occurs both in fish that remain active in the cold and in fish that become dormant at cold temperatures. for cold-active fish, positive thermal compensation is best explained by conservation of the capacity for aerobic metabolic flux at low temperatures. the compensatory responses of cold-active species can be used to suggest the temperature ra ...19902201217
immunological and ultrastructural characterization of true histiocytic lymphoma in the northern pike, esox lucius l.an epidemic of a malignant neoplasm occurs in northern pike, esox lucius l., from the aland islands of finland. the neoplasm is morphologically similar to other pike hemic tumors reported in other areas of the world. pike normal tissues showed evolutionary conservation with the mammalian intermediate filament proteins cytokeratin, desmin, vimentin, neurofilament protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein; tumor cells are positive for vimentin, suggesting that the neoplasm is of mesenchymal ori ...19902201440
cyclical changes in the pituitary gonadotrophs (gth cells) in relation to the testicular cycle in puntius sarana (hamilton).the pituitary gland of puntius sarana is of the leptobasic type and has three subdivisions--a proximal pars distalis (ppd), a rostral pars distalis (rpd) and a pars intermedia (pi) arranged vertically one below the other. the gonadotrophs (gth cells) of the ppd were identified by their pas, ath, af, aniline blue and alcian blue positivity and by their immunoreactivity to ovine anti-lh beta-subunit, anti-salmon gth and anti-silver carp gth. the testes of puntius sarana have been classified as the ...19902210495
the influence of temperature on mechanics of red muscle in carp.1. we measured the influence of temperature on maximum velocity of shortening (vmax) of red muscle in carp in order to better understand the influence of temperature on locomotory performance. 2. a stable red muscle bundle preparation containing about 100 muscle fibres was developed. the bundles could not be activated directly by electrical stimulation, but rather contained sufficient nervous tissue so that acetylcholine released from the nerve terminals caused activation of the muscle. a high l ...19902213594
neurotoxic effects of l-alpha-aminoadipic acid on the carp retina: a long term observation.the hypothesis has been tested that the enantiomers of alpha-aminoadipic acid have different target effects; the l-isomer has both glio- and neurotoxic actions, while the dl-isomer has a gliospecific action in the cns. electrophysiological and morphological studies were carried out on the retina of the carp (cyprinus carpio) for one to two months after intraocular injection with alpha-aminoadipic acids at various doses. intracellular recording from horizontal cells and extracellular recording of ...19902215916
close tip-to-tip contacts between dendrites of transient amacrine cells in carp retina.in isolated retinas of the carp (cyprinus carpio) placed receptor side up in a plastic chamber, a subclass of amacrine cells, generating a fast on-off transient response to spot and annular light stimuli, were intracellularly recorded and injected with a fluorescent dye, lucifer yellow (ly). after brief fixation of the same preparations in aldehyde solution, the retinas were wholemounted vitreous side up in a tissue chamber. under a fluorescence microscope, one ly-injected cell and several dye-c ...19902216051
growth, morphology and division of flagellates of the genus trypanoplasma (protozoa, kinetoplastida) in vitro.nine strains of trypanoplasms were grown in axenic culture. cultures of trypanoplasma borreli laveran and mesnil, 1901 from fish hosts blicca bjoerkna, cyprinus carpio, scardinius erythrophthalmus and tinca tinca and of t. guerneyorum minchin, 1909 from esox lucius and trypanoplasma spp. from the leech piscicola geometra were maintained in biphasic blood-agar medium snb-9 supplemented with vitamins and antibiotics. in culture, the flagellates transformed into smaller, elongated stages with a lit ...19902217113
influence of dietary magnesium on mineral, ascorbic acid and glutathione concentrations in tissues of a freshwater fish, the common carp.supplementation with dietary mg at a minimum level of 0.06% seems to be essential to prevent the hypercalcinosis of the kidney and hepatopancreas in a fish, the common carp. mg deficiency appears to have no effect on the mg level in kidneys and hepatic tissue, whereas the fe level in those tissues was significantly diminished by increasing dietary mg supplementation up to 3.2 g.kg-1. both hypercalcinosis and accumulation of fe in soft tissues were more pronounced in fish offered diets high in pr ...19902222799
cytoarchitecture and fiber connections of the nucleus lateralis valvulae in the carp (cyprinus carpio).the cytoarchitecture and fiber connections of the nucleus lateralis valvulae of the carp (cyprinus carpio) were studied by nissl, bodian, golgi, and horseradish peroxidase methods. chief cells composing the nucleus lateralis valvulae (nlv) are small and granular, and their axons terminate in the cerebellum. these neurons have no dendrite, and the cell body is enveloped in a single terminal of afferent fibers to the nlv. in order to observed local cell clustering, the nlv was three-dimensionally ...19902229471
structure of oncomodulin refined at 1.85 a resolution. an example of extensive molecular aggregation via ca2+.the crystal structure of oncomodulin, a 12,000 mr protein isolated from rat tumours, has been determined by molecular replacement using the carp parvalbumin structure as a starting model. refinement was performed by cycles of molecular fitting and restrained least-squares, using area-detector intensity data to 1.85 a resolution. for the 5770 reflections in the range 6.0 to 1.85 a, which were used in the refinement, the crystallographic r-factor is 0.166. the refined model includes residues 2 to ...19902231727
biological significance of [14c]phenol accumulation in different organs of a murrel, channa punctatus, and the common carp, cyprinus carpio.phenol, a ubiquitous component of industrial effluents, is a common pollutant of water resources and a serious threat to fish. the present work demonstrates that a significant amount of phenol is retained by various tissues of the common carp, cyprinus carpio, and the snake-headed murrel, channa punctatus. the rate of [14c]phenol accumulation was higher carp than in the murrel. it is suggested that retention of phenol in the brain and ovary may seriously affect the reproductive potential of the ...19902252553
the effect of temperature on catalytic function of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from muscle of pig and carp cyprinus carpio.1. the temperature dependence of the kinetics of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from white muscle of carp and skeletal muscle of pig was examined. 2. the km values of carp muscle enzyme were stable over the temperature range 5-35 degrees c, but increased for pig muscle enzyme with increasing temperature. 3. the arrhenius plot for pig muscle enzyme is linear but non-linear for carp muscle enzyme. 4. the differences indicate that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from white carp m ...19902253480
a presumptive role for gaba in the stimulatory effects of des-gly10, [d-ala6]-lhrh-ethylamide and pimozide on the gonadotropin release in carp.to investigate the effect of endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) on the blood maturating gonadotropin (gth) levels, or to study its interaction with pimozide (dopamine antagonist) and a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (lhrh-a), sexually mature male and female carps were treated with drugs that may either inhibit gaba biosynthesis or gaba degradation. in females the irreversible inhibitor of gaba-transaminase, gamma-vinyl gaba (gvg), which was to increase the endogenous gaba-er ...19902259268
structure of the toxin isolated from carp (cyprinus carpio) bile.attempts were made to elucidate the structure of the toxin isolated from the bile of carp cyprinus carpio, which is possibly responsible for carp poisoning. by fast atom bombardment (fab) mass spectrometry, along with 1h- and 13c-nmr, a molecular formula of c27h48o8s containing a sulfate ester group was deduced. those and other analytical data allowed us to conclude the structure of carp toxin to be 5 alpha-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 26, 27-pentol 26-sulfate, which agreed essentially ...19902260104
skeletal maturity in belgian youths assessed by the tanner-whitehouse method (tw2).reference data for skeletal maturity (tw2 method) of the hand and wrist are provided for large representative samples of belgian boys and girls. the sample of belgian boys consisted of 21,174 boys aged 12 to 20 years studied in a nationwide cross-sectional and longitudinal study on the physical fitness of secondary schoolboys (1969-1974). the girls' sample consisted of 9698 6-19-year-old flemish girls studied cross-sectionally (1979-1980). both samples were multi-stage stratified cluster samples ...20062260839
comparison of the gamma-crystallins isolated from eye lenses of shark and carp. unique secondary and tertiary structure of shark gamma-crystallin.gamma-crystallin isolated from the shark of cartilaginous fishes was compared with the cognate gamma-crystallin from the carp of bony fishes. distinct differences in amino acid compositions, primary, secondary and tertiary structures were found. the most salient features of shark gamma-crystallin lie in the fact that this crystallin possessed a significant alpha-helical structure in the peptide backbone as revealed by circular dichroism study, in contrast to those orthologous gamma-crystallins f ...19902261977
allergy to different fish species in cod-allergic children: in vivo and in vitro studies.the presence of a positive clinical history and skin test (st) results for 17 fish species (anchovy, bass, carp, dogfish, eel, gilthead, mackerel, mullet, perch, red mullet, salmon, sardine, sole, tench, toothed gilthead, trout, and tuna) were investigated in 20 children with cod-positive clinical history, st, and rast, and in 40 children positive to one or more foods different from cod (cow's milk, chicken egg white, peanut, and tomato). in cod-positive children, positive clinical history (60%) ...19902262645
effect of sublethal doses of three pesticides on the ovary of a carp minnow rasbora daniconius. 19902265274
immunological evidence that the neural adhesion molecule l1 is expressed in fish brain and optic nerve: possible association with optic nerve regeneration.in the mammalian peripheral nervous system (pns), expression of the neural adhesion molecule l1 on schwann cells and neurons has been correlated with axonal growth during development and regeneration. the present study was undertaken to examine whether a similar correlation exists between a lesion-induced increase of l1 expression and regenerative capacity in the central nervous system (cns). the fish optic nerve was used as a model for a successfully regenerating region of the cns. immunochemic ...19902265355
effect of species differences and dietary vitamin c on the concentration of ascorbate- and acid-soluble thiol in fish eye.data presented confirm the essentiality of modification of the dinitrophenylhydrazine (dnph) method to analyze the total ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in ocular tissues and stress the need of corrections for the interfering substances. variations in ascorbate and thiol concentrations in the lens, retina and aqueous humour of freshwater fish belonging to the cyprinidae family were examined. the interspecific variability of ascorbate concentration was highest in the aqueous humour and low ...19902265674
antigen-capture elisa for viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus serotype i.an antigen-capture elisa for viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus serotype i (vhsv i) was developed. the assay employs two monoclonal antibodies (mab) directed against distinct epitopes of the viral envelope glycoprotein (gp). the antigen bound by the capture mab (a17) was detected by addition of a second mab (l7) conjugated to horseradish peroxidase, followed by addition of the enzyme substrate. the technique is highly sensitive, enabling detection of the virus at a protein concentration as low ...19902266147
[ultrastructure of the renal corpuscle of fresh water fishes].by means of light (semithin slices) and electron microscopes structural organization of the corpuscle and glomerulus of the capsule has been studied in freshwater fishes--carp (cyprinus carpio) and crucian carp (carassius carassius). the diameter of their glomeruli are in the carp from 80.8 +/- 1.4 mcm up to 59.8 +/- 2.4 mcm and in the crucian carp--from 86.4 +/- 1.8 mcm up to 69.25 +/- 0.2 mcm. between these dimensions there are significant differences. components of the external wall of the ca ...19902268195
[the role of ketone bodies in energy supply in cold-blooded animals during winter starvation].natural winter starvation has been studied for its effect on the content of ketone bodies, oxaloacetate, glucose, 3-oxybutyrate-dehydrogenase activity level in the carp fry tissue. a compensatory mechanism of the energy supply in peripheral tissues is found proceeding by formation of ketone bodies in the liver and their distribution in the tissues of white muscles and brain. for the latter the ketone bodies in wintering serve as an additional oxidation substrate.20152270626
compound action potential amplitude and conduction velocity as a function of temperature in carp nervus lateralis.this study shows the relationship between nerve fiber conduction velocity of compound action potentials produced by bipolar electrical stimulation were recorded from the isolated carp nervus lateralis by means of an electrode array consisting of 16 0.5 mm diameter platinum wire electrodes mounted in a nerve chamber. the recordings were repeated at temperatures ranging from 12.0 to 32.5 degrees c. both the amplitude and conduction velocity of the nerve response peaked at about 28.0 degrees c. fir ...19902271406
in vitro metabolism of progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and 17,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one by ovaries of the common carp cyprinus carpio: production rates of polar metabolites.[14c]progesterone, 17-[3h]hydroxyprogesterone, and 17,20 beta-[3h]dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta p) were incubated for 1, 3, 6 or 24 hr with ovaries from carp which had received injections of either carp pituitary extract or saline. all three substrates were very rapidly metabolized to polar products, but 17,20 beta p was not detected as a metabolite of either progesterone or 17-hydroxyprogesterone. the major metabolite in all incubations was very similar, but not identical, in chemical a ...19902272461
immunocytochemistry of gonadotropic cells in the pituitary of pomadasys jubelini (teleost fish).an antibody specific for the beta subunit of carp gonadotropin was applied to pituitary sections from pomadasys jubelini in order to characterize and localize the gonadotropic cells by immunocytological means. it reveals the gonadotropic zone lying mainly at the periphery of the proximal pars distalis with lateral extensions around the pars intermedia. the separation between the pars proximalis and the pars intermedia is irregular. short finger-like extensions of the gonadotropic zone protrude m ...19902272465
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