Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| canine leishmaniasis in brazil: serological follow-up of a dog population in an endemic area of american visceral leishmaniasis. | we performed a serological, clinical, and parasitological follow-up of a dog population in an endemic area of american visceral leishmaniasis estimated by indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa) and western blot (wb). after twelve months, the results obtained from ifa demonstrated that 50% were seropositive and two serological profiles were observed: the first one ranging from 1/40 to 1/80 and the second >/=1/160. by wb, it was observed that the same percentage and sera from positive dogs present ... | 2010 | 20798762 |
| autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis in brasília, federal district, brazil. | visceral leishmaniasis is a public health threat in brazil considering the high lethality rates and increasing geographical dispersion to large urban conglomerates over the past 25 years. this study aimed to confirm suspected autochthonous cases of visceral leishmaniasis reported from 2005 to 2009 among individuals living in brasilia, federal district. | 2010 | 20802938 |
| lack of protection of pre-immunization with saliva of long-term colonized phlebotomus papatasi against experimental challenge with leishmania major and saliva of wild-caught p. papatasi. | immunity to saliva of phlebotomus papatasi protects against leishmania major infection as determined by co-inoculation of parasites with salivary gland homogenates (sghs) of this vector. these results were obtained with long-term colonized female p. papatasi. we investigated the effect of pre-immunization with sgh of long-term colonized p. papatasi against l. major infection co-inoculated with sgh of wild-caught p. papatasi. our results showed that pre-exposure to sgh of long-term, colonized p. ... | 2010 | 20810812 |
| canine visceral leishmaniasis in teresina, brazil: relationship between clinical features and infectivity for sand flies. | leishmania chagasi is an intracellular parasite transmitted by the bite of the phlebotomine sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis, which is the most important of american visceral leishmaniasis. in the gut of the vector, amastigoste forms of the parasite transform into metacyclic promastigotes, from there to the foregut, where they could be transmitted in the next blood meal. xenodiagnosis is an important tool for the detection of leishmania, especially when associated to molecular techniques, both bei ... | 2011 | 20816657 |
| first report of infection of lutzomyia longipalpis by leishmania (leishmania) infantum from a naturally infected cat of brazil. | in recent years, cases of feline visceral leishmaniasis (fvl) have been described in different countries. in urban areas, domestic cats are suggested as possible alternative reservoirs of leishmania (l.) infantum, the causal agent of visceral leishmaniasis (vl). this paper reports the first case of infection of lutzomyia longipalpis by l. infantum of a naturally infected cat from brazil through xenodiagnosis. the presence of a cat with fvl and its infectivity to the natural vector in belo horizo ... | 2010 | 20832944 |
| stage-specific adhesion of leishmania promastigotes to sand fly midguts assessed using an improved comparative binding assay. | the binding of leishmania promastigotes to the midgut epithelium is regarded as an essential part of the life-cycle in the sand fly vector, enabling the parasites to persist beyond the initial blood meal phase and establish the infection. however, the precise nature of the promastigote stage(s) that mediate binding is not fully understood. | 2010 | 20838647 |
| remodeling of protein and mrna expression in leishmania mexicana induced by deletion of glucose transporter genes. | glucose is a major nutrient in the insect vector stage of leishmania parasites. glucose transporter null mutants of leishmania mexicana exhibit profound phenotypic changes in both insect stage promastigotes and mammalian host stage amastigotes that reside within phagolysosomes of host macrophages. some of these phenotypic changes could be either mediated or attenuated by changes in gene expression that accompany deletion of the glucose transporter genes. to search for changes in protein expressi ... | 2010 | 20869991 |
| epidemiological study of the association between anti-lutzomyia longipalpis saliva antibodies and development of delayed-type hypersensitivity to leishmania antigen. | recent reports from animal models and from cross-sectional studies have suggested that host responses to anti-lutzomyia longipalpis saliva antibodies may be related to delayed-type hypersensitivity to leishmania antigen. in a prospective cohort study, we evaluated 1,080 children from two endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis (vl) by means of kaplan-meier analysis. the incidence rate of delayed-type hypersensitivity to leishmania antigen, measured at the 24th follow-up month, was higher among ... | 2010 | 20889873 |
| detection of leishmania infantum in naturally infected lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) and canis familiaris in misiones, argentina: the first report of a pcr-rflp and sequencing-based confirmation assay. | in this study, a genotypification of leishmania was performed using polimerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) and sequencing techniques to identify species of leishmania parasites in phlebotomine sand flies and dogs naturally infected. between january-february of 2009, cdc light traps were used to collect insect samples from 13 capture sites in the municipality of posadas, which is located in the province of misiones of argentina. sand flies identified as lutz ... | 2010 | 20944995 |
| blueport: a platform to study the eosinophilic response of mice to the bite of a vector of leishmania parasites, lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies. | visceral leishmaniasis is a serious human disease transmitted, in the new world, by lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies. natural resistance to leishmania transmission in residents of endemic areas has been attributed to the acquisition of immunity to sand fly salivary proteins. one theoretical way to accelerate the acquisition of this immunity is to increase the density of antigen-presenting cells at the sand fly bite site. here we describe a novel tissue platform that can be used for this purpose. | 2010 | 21048957 |
| canine visceral leishmaniasis due to leishmania (l.) infantum chagasi in amazonian brazil: comparison of the parasite density from the skin, lymph node and visceral tissues between symptomatic and asymptomatic, seropositive dogs. | canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) is recognizable by characteristic signs of disease and is highly lethal. the infection, however, may be quite inapparent in some seropositive dogs, and this has raised the polemic question as to whether or not such animals can be a source of infection for lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of american visceral leishmaniasis (avl). in this study we have examined 51 dogs with acute cvl from an avl area in pará state, northern brazil, and compared the parasite den ... | 2010 | 21049230 |
| pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide receptor 1 mediates anti-inflammatory effects in allergic airway inflammation in mice. | bronchial asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and reversible obstruction. since the gold standard of therapy, a combination of anti-inflammatory corticosteroids and bronchodilatory β(2) agonists, has recently been discussed to be related to an increased mortality, there is a need for novel therapeutic pathways. | 2010 | 21059121 |
| lutzomyia longipalpis saliva triggers lipid body formation and prostaglandin e₂ production in murine macrophages. | sand fly saliva contains molecules that modify the host's hemostasis and immune responses. nevertheless, the role played by this saliva in the induction of key elements of inflammatory responses, such as lipid bodies (lb, also known as lipid droplets) and eicosanoids, has been poorly investigated. lbs are cytoplasmic organelles involved in arachidonic acid metabolism that form eicosanoids in response to inflammatory stimuli. in this study, we assessed the role of salivary gland sonicate (sgs) fr ... | 2010 | 21072234 |
| sand fly captures with disney traps in area of occurrence of leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis in the state of mato grosso do sul, mid-western brazil. | the work was conducted to study phlebotomine fauna (diptera: psychodidae) and aspects of american cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in a forested area where leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis occurs, situated in the municipality of bela vista, state of mato grosso do sul, brazil. | 2010 | 21085855 |
| phlebotominae fauna (diptera: psychodidae) in an urban district of belo horizonte, brazil, endemic for visceral leishmaniasis: characterization of favored locations as determined by spatial analysis. | belo horizonte, the capital of the southeastern state of minas gerais, brazil, and the fourth-largest city in the country, has the highest incidence of human visceral leishmaniasis (vl) together with a high prevalence of canine vl. the northeast sanitary district (nsd) of belo horizonte has the largest historical average of human vl cases in the metropolitan region, and is classified as a priority area for epidemiological and entomological monitoring of the disease. the objectives of the present ... | 2010 | 21110938 |
| leishmania infantum: lipophosphoglycan intraspecific variation and interaction with vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. | interspecies variations in lipophosphoglycan (lpg) have been the focus of intense study over the years due its role in specificity during sand fly-leishmania interaction. this cell surface glycoconjugate is highly polymorphic among species with variations in sugars that branch off the conserved gal(β1,4)man(α1)-po(4) backbone of repeat units. however, the degree of intraspecies polymorphism in lpg of leishmania infantum (syn. leishmania chagasi) is not known. in this study, intraspecific variati ... | 2010 | 21118695 |
| sand flies of nicaragua: a checklist and reports of new collections. | sand flies within the genus lutzomyia serve as the vectors for all species of the protozoan parasite leishmania in the new world. in this paper, we present a summary of the 29 species of lutzomyia and one of brumptomyia previously reported for nicaragua and report results of our recent collections of 565 sand flies at eight localities in the country from 2001-2006. lutzomyia longipalpis was the predominant species collected within the pacific plains region of western nicaragua, while lutzomyia c ... | 2010 | 21120358 |
| sex pheromone and period gene characterization of lutzomyia longipalpis sensu lato (lutz & neiva) (diptera: psychodidae) from posadas, argentina. | lutzomyia longipalpis s.l. is the primary vector of leishmania (l.) infantum in the new world. in this study, male lutzomyia longipalpis specimens from posadas, argentina were characterized for two polymorphic markers: the male sex pheromone and the period (per) gene. the male sex pheromone was identified as (s)-9-methylgermacrene-b, the same compound produced by lu. longipalpis from paraguay and many populations from brazil. the analysis of per gene sequences revealed that the population from a ... | 2010 | 21120366 |
| a canine leishmaniasis pilot survey in an emerging focus of visceral leishmaniasis: posadas (misiones, argentina). | an increasing number of reports are calling our attention to the worldwide spread of leishmaniasis. the urbanization of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (vl) has been observed in different south american countries, due to changes in demographic and ecological factors. in may 2006, vl was detected for the first time in the city of posadas (misiones, argentina). this event encouraged us to conduct a clinical and parasitological pilot survey on domestic dogs from posadas to identify their potential ... | 2010 | 21122107 |
| eco-epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in the urban area of paracatu, state of minas gerais, brazil. | the present study was developed in the urban area of paracatu, an endemic city for the american visceral leishmaniasis in brazil. a six-month canine survey was performed with 6295 domiciled dogs in 28 districts in that area and showed that 4.2% of those (267 dogs) were positive for vl by elisa and ifat serum assays. prevalence ratios for canine vl varied between 1.2% and 16.1%, depending on the district under investigation. fifteen dogs - 80% of which were clinically asymptomatic for vl - were s ... | 2010 | 21146311 |
| targeting the midgut secreted ppchit1 reduces leishmania major development in its natural vector, the sand fly phlebotomus papatasi. | during its developmental cycle within the sand fly vector, leishmania must survive an early proteolytic attack, escape the peritrophic matrix, and then adhere to the midgut epithelia in order to prevent excretion with remnants of the blood meal. these three steps are critical for the establishment of an infection within the vector and are linked to interactions controlling species-specific vector competence. ppchit1 is a midgut-specific chitinase from phlebotomus papatasi presumably involved in ... | 2010 | 21152058 |
| study of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) collected in a leishmania-endemic area of the metropolitan region of belo horizonte, brazil. | phlebotomine sand flies are distributed across nearly all faunal regions of the world, represented by over 800 species, of which many are important vectors of human pathogens. brazil is currently faced with the expansion and urbanization of leishmaniases, with an increase in the numbers of human cases and seropositive dogs in various medium-sized to large cities. the objective of the current study was to survey the phlebotomine sand fly species in an area endemic for american cutaneous leishmani ... | 2010 | 21175043 |
| [ecological aspects of phlebotomines (diptera: psychodidae) in the urban area of ponta porã municipality, state of mato grosso do sul, brazil]. | the aim of this study was to carry out an analysis of urban phlebotomine fauna and a survey of infestations (intradomiciliary and peridomiciliary) in ponta porã municipality state of mato grosso do sul. | 2010 | 21181032 |
| sandflies (psychodidae: phlebotominae) survey in an urban transmission area of visceral leishmaniasis, northeastern brazil. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a major public health challenge in brazil, especially in states where it is endemic. the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of sand fly population density with environmental variables (temperature, rainfall and relative humidity) in urban areas of the city of mossoró, rio grande do norte, northeastern brazil. sand flies were captured with center disease control (cdc) traps installed monthly in the intra and peridomicile of three houses. data anal ... | 2010 | 21184700 |
| vaccines to combat the neglected tropical diseases. | the neglected tropical diseases (ntds) represent a group of parasitic and related infectious diseases such as amebiasis, chagas disease, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, hookworm, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis. together, these conditions are considered the most common infections in low- and middle-income countries, where they produce a level of global disability and human suffering equivalent to better known conditions such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome an ... | 2011 | 21198676 |
| detection of leishmania (leishmania) infantum rna in fleas and ticks collected from naturally infected dogs. | the occurrence of the insect vector (sand flies) with low rates of leishmania infection, as well as autochthonous transmission in the absence of the natural vector in dogs, have been reported. these unexpected data suggest a hypothesis of other arthropods as a possible way of leishmania transmission. the prevalence of leishmania (leishmania) infantum in fleas and ticks collected from dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl), as well as parasite viability, were evaluated herein. the presence ... | 2011 | 21221638 |
| the molecular detection of different leishmania species within sand flies from a cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis sympatric area in southeastern brazil. | over the last 20 years, there has been an increase in the number of leishmaniasis cases in brazil. belo horizonte (bh) is one of the most highly populated brazilian cities that is affected by visceral leishmaniasis (vl). the health services in bh are coordinated by a central nucleus that is subdivided into nine sanitary districts. historically, the highest level of human vl cases was found in the northeast sanitary district (nsd). the objective of our study was to detect leishmania infection in ... | 2010 | 21225201 |
| copulatory courtship song in lutzomyia migonei (diptera: psychodidae). | lutzomyia migonei is a vector of leishmaniasis with a wide distribution in south america, which could favour population differentiation and speciation. cryptic species of the lutzomyia longipalpis complex, the widely distributed sand fly vector of visceral leishmaniasis in latin america, have previously been shown to display distinct copulation songs. we found that lu. migonei males also produce a song during copulation. this "lovesong" presents short trains (6-8 pulses) with an inter-pulse inte ... | 2010 | 21225208 |
| [molecular analysis of natural infection of lutzomyia longipalpis in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis in brazil]. | the main purpose of this study was to investigate natural infection by leishmania chagasi in female sand flies in a visceral leishmaniasis (vl) focus on são luís island, maranhão state, brazil. molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was applied to determine the rate of natural infection of lutzomyia longipalpis by l. chagasi in areas of old and recent human settlement on são luís island. based on a sample of 800 female specimens captured from march to august 2005, the natural infe ... | 2010 | 21243235 |
| lutzomyia longipalpis naturally infected by leishmania (l.) chagasi in várzea grande, mato grosso state, brazil, an area of intense transmission of visceral leishmaniasis. | the american visceral leishmaniasis (avl) is caused by parasites belonging to the genus leishmania (trypanosomatidae) and is transmitted to humans through the bite of certain species of infected phlebotomine sand flies. in this study, we investigated the natural infection ratio of lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector species of avl in brazil, in várzea grande, mato grosso state. between july 2004 and june 2006, phlebotomine sand flies were captured in peridomestic areas using cdc light-traps. ... | 2010 | 21243236 |
| sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in a cerrado area of the maranhão state, brazil. | the present paper aims to increase the knowledge on the sand fly fauna in the cerrado areas of maranhão state in urban, rural and forest environments. the research was carried out from october 2007 to september 2008, between 18:00h and 06:00h, in the municipality of chapadinha, northeast maranhão. for insect sampling, cdc light traps were set up in peridomicile and domicile areas of urban and rural zones as well as in cerrado and gallery forests. the total of 1,401 specimens belonging to 17 spec ... | 2010 | 21271075 |
| [distribution of lutzomyia longipalpis in the argentine mesopotamia, 2010]. | the first case of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in argentina was reported in 2006 in posadas, misiones. during the summer 2008-2009 lutzomyia longipalpis, the vl vector, and canine vl cases were already spread along the province of corrientes. in order to know the distribution of vl risk, systematic captures of the vector were performed between february and march 2010, in 18 areas of the provinces of entre ríos and corrientes, and the city of puerto iguazú, misiones, with a total of 313 traps/nigh ... | 2011 | 21296716 |
| functional genomics of the horn fly, haematobia irritans (linnaeus, 1758). | the horn fly, haematobia irritans (linnaeus, 1758) (diptera: muscidae) is one of the most important ectoparasites of pastured cattle. horn flies infestations reduce cattle weight gain and milk production. additionally, horn flies are mechanical vectors of different pathogens that cause disease in cattle. the aim of this study was to conduct a functional genomics study in female horn flies using expressed sequence tags (est) analysis and rna interference (rnai). | 2011 | 21310032 |
| in vitro effect of aloe vera, coriandrum sativum and ricinus communis fractions on leishmania infantum and on murine monocytic cells. | in south america, visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan species leishmania infantum (syn. l. chagasi) and is primarily transmitted through the bite of the female lutzomyia longipalpis. its main reservoir in urban areas is the dog. the application of control measures recommended by health agencies have not achieved significant results in reducing the incidence of human cases, and the lack of effective drugs to treat dogs resulted in the prohibition of this course of action ... | 2011 | 21320755 |
| [natural infection with leishmania infantum chagasi in lutzomyia (lutzomyia) longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) sandflies captured in the municipality of janaúba, state of minas gerais, brazil]. | visceral leishmaniasis has been notified in nearly all states of brazil, and particularly in the north of minas gerais, where the disease is endemic. the aim of this study was to detect natural infection of lutzomyia longipalpis and, through the pcr/rflp technique, identify leishmania species found in sandflies in the municipality of janaúba. | 2011 | 21340410 |
| [evidence of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis by lutzomyia cruzi in the municipality of jaciara, state of mato grosso, brazil]. | the municipality of jaciara was classified in 2003 as a transmission area for visceral leishmaniasis in outbreak situations. this study aimed to establish evidence of transmission of leishmania (leishmania) infantum chagasi by lutzomyia cruzi in the municipality of jaciara, state of mato grosso, brazil. | 2011 | 21340413 |
| sub-additive effect of conspecific eggs and frass on oviposition rate of lutzomyia longipalpis and phlebotomus papatasi. | oviposition behavior is a fairly neglected aspect in our understanding of the biology of sand flies. in this study, we used a comparative approach using both new- and old-world species (lutzomyia longipalpis and phlebotomus papatasi) in choice and no-choice oviposition chambers to evaluate the effect of old sand fly colony remains (frass), conspecific eggs, and their combination on oviposition rates of these sand flies. we also tested the effect of egg washing with de-ionized water on ovipositio ... | 2011 | 21366766 |
| imidacloprid as a potential agent for the systemic control of sand flies. | our goal was to study the effectiveness of the insecticide imidacloprid as a systemic control agent. first, to evaluate the blood-feeding effect, we fed adult female phlebotomus papatasi with imidacloprid-treated rabbit blood and monitored blood-feeding success and survival. second, to evaluate the feed-through effectiveness of this insecticide, we fed laboratory rats and sand rats with insecticide-treated food and evaluated the survival of sand fly larvae feeding on rodents' feces. in the blood ... | 2011 | 21366768 |
| reactive oxygen species scavenging by catalase is important for female lutzomyia longipalpis fecundity and mortality. | the phlebotomine sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis is the most important vector of american visceral leishmaniasis (avl), the disseminated and most serious form of the disease in central and south america. in the natural environment, most female l. longipalpis are thought to survive for less than 10 days and will feed on blood only once or twice during their lifetime. successful transmission of parasites occurs when a leishmania-infected female sand fly feeds on a new host. knowledge of factors aff ... | 2011 | 21408075 |
| plant extracts, isolated phytochemicals, and plant-derived agents which are lethal to arthropod vectors of human tropical diseases--a review. | the recent scientific literature on plant-derived agents with potential or effective use in the control of the arthropod vectors of human tropical diseases is reviewed. arthropod-borne tropical diseases include: amebiasis, chagas disease (american trypanosomiasis), cholera, cryptosporidiosis, dengue (hemorrhagic fever), epidemic typhus (brill-zinsser disease), filariasis (elephantiasis), giardia (giardiasis), human african trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), isosporiasis, leishmaniasis, lyme di ... | 2011 | 21432748 |
| humoral response to the anopheles gambiae salivary protein gsg6: a serological indicator of exposure to afrotropical malaria vectors. | salivary proteins injected by blood feeding arthropods into their hosts evoke a saliva-specific humoral response which can be useful to evaluate exposure to bites of disease vectors. however, saliva of hematophagous arthropods is a complex cocktail of bioactive factors and its use in immunoassays can be misleading because of potential cross-reactivity to other antigens. toward the development of a serological marker of exposure to afrotropical malaria vectors we expressed the anopheles gambiae g ... | 2011 | 21437289 |
| infectivity to phlebotomus perniciosus of dogs naturally parasitized with leishmania infantum after different treatments. | abstract: | 2011 | 21489241 |
| mechanisms of ph control in the midgut of lutzomyia longipalpis: roles for ingested molecules and hormones. | control of the midgut ph in lutzomyia longipalpis enables the insect's digestive system to deal with different types of diet. phlebotomines must be able to suddenly change from a condition adequate to process a sugar diet to one required to digest blood. prior to blood ingestion, the ph in the midgut is maintained at ∼6 via an efficient mechanism. in the abdominal midgut, alkalization to a ph of ∼8 occurs as a consequence of the loss of co(2) from blood (co(2) volatilization) and by a second mec ... | 2011 | 21490249 |
| cloning and expression analysis of the bombyx mori α-amylase gene (amy) from the indigenous thai silkworm strain, nanglai. | α-amylase is a common enzyme for hydrolyzing starch. in the silkworm, bombyx mori l. (lepidoptera: bombycidae), α-amylase is found in both digestive fluid and hemolymph. here, the complete genomic sequence of the amy gene encoding α-amylase from a local thai silkworm, the nanglai strain, was obtained. this gene was 7981 bp long with 9 exons. the full length amy cdna sequence was 1749 bp containing a 1503 bp open reading frame. the orf encoded 500 amino acid residues. the deduced protein showed 8 ... | 0 | 21529256 |
| leishmania infection in humans, dogs and sandflies in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area in maranhão, brazil. | leishmania infection in humans, dogs and sandflies was examined in the endemic visceral leishmaniasis (vl) municipality of raposa, state of maranhão, brazil. in this study, we examined leishmania chagasi infection in the blood serum of both humans and canis familiaris and the natural leishmania sp. infection rate in the sandfly vector, lutzomyia longipalpis. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence reaction and polymerase chain reaction were performed to detect leishmania i ... | 2011 | 21537682 |
| characterization of the antibody response to the saliva of phlebotomus papatasi in people living in endemic areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis. | abstract. important data obtained in mice raise the possibility that immunization against the saliva of sand flies could protect from leishmaniasis. sand fly saliva stimulates the production of specific antibodies in individuals living in endemic areas of parasite transmission. to characterize the humoral immune response against the saliva of phlebotomus papatasi in humans, we carried out a prospective study on 200 children living in areas of leishmania major transmission. we showed that 83% of ... | 2011 | 21540371 |
| leishmania (viannia) infection in the domestic dog in chaparral, colombia. | abstract. peridomestic transmission of american cutaneous leishmaniasis is increasingly reported and dogs may be a reservoir of leishmania (viannia) in this setting. we investigated the prevalence of infection in dogs in chaparral county, colombia, the focus of an epidemic of human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) guyanensis. two (0.72%) of 279 dogs had lesions typical of cutaneous leishmaniasis that were biopsy positive by kinetoplast dna polymerase chain reaction-southern ... | 2011 | 21540374 |
| identification of risk areas for visceral leishmaniasis in teresina, piaui state, brazil. | this study used spatial analysis to identify areas at greatest risk of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in the urban area of teresina, brazil during 2001-2006. the results from kernel ratios showed that peripheral census tracts were the most heavily affected. local spatial analysis showed that in the beginning of the study period local clusters of high incidence of vl were mostly located in the southern and northeastern parts of the city, but in subsequent years those clusters also appeared in the no ... | 0 | 21540375 |
| the midgut transcriptome of phlebotomus (larroussius) perniciosus, a vector of leishmania infantum: comparison of sugar fed and blood fed sand flies. | abstract: | 2011 | 21569254 |
| acoustic signals in the sand fly lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (diptera: psychodidae). | acoustic signals are part of the courtship of many insects and they often act as species-specific signals that are important in the reproductive isolation of closely related species. here we report the courtship songs of the sand fly lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia, one of the main vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in brazil. | 2011 | 21569534 |
| intron retention in the drosophila melanogaster rieske iron sulphur protein gene generated a new protein. | genomes can encode a variety of proteins with unrelated architectures and activities. it is known that protein-coding genes of de novo origin have significantly contributed to this diversity. however, the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary processes behind these originations are still poorly understood. here we show that the last 102 codons of a novel gene, noble, assembled directly from non-coding dna following an intronic deletion that induced alternative intron retention at the drosophila ... | 0 | 21610726 |
| comparative genomic analysis of chitinase and chitinase-like genes in the african malaria mosquito (anopheles gambiae). | chitinase is an important enzyme responsible for chitin metabolism in a wide range of organisms including bacteria, yeasts and other fungi, nematodes and arthropods. however, current knowledge on chitinolytic enzymes, especially their structures, functions and regulation is very limited. in this study we have identified 20 chitinase and chitinase-like genes in the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, through genome-wide searching and transcript profiling. we assigned these genes into eig ... | 2011 | 21611131 |
| visualisation of leishmania donovani fluorescent hybrids during early stage development in the sand fly vector. | the leishmania protozoan parasites cause devastating human diseases. leishmania have been considered to replicate clonally, without genetic exchange. however, an accumulation of evidence indicates that there are inter-specific and intra-specific hybrids among natural populations. the first and so far only experimental proof of genetic exchange was obtained in 2009 when double drug resistant leishmania major hybrids were produced by co-infecting sand flies with two strains carrying different drug ... | 2011 | 21637755 |
| lutzomyia longipalpis saliva or salivary protein ljm19 protects against leishmania braziliensis and the saliva of its vector, lutzomyia intermedia. | leishmania transmission occurs in the presence of insect saliva. immunity to phlebotomus papatasi or lutzomyia longipalpis saliva or salivary components confers protection against an infection by leishmania in the presence of the homologous saliva. however, immunization with lutzomyia intermedia saliva did not protect mice against leishmania braziliensis plus lu. intermedia saliva. in the present study, we have studied whether the immunization with lu. longipalpis saliva or a dna plasmid coding ... | 2011 | 21655303 |
| lutzomyia longipalpis in uruguay: the first report and the potential of visceral leishmaniasis transmission. | phlebotomine captures were performed in february 2010 in salto (salto department) and bella unión-cuarein (artigas department), uruguay. bella unión is located across the paraná river from monte caseros, argentina, where a focus of canine visceral leishmaniasis (vl) was reported in 2009. no vl cases have ever been recorded in uruguay and the last reported capture of phlebotominae was in 1932 (lutzomyia cortelezzii and lutzomyia gaminarai). light traps were placed in peridomestic environments, an ... | 2011 | 21655832 |
| pheromone gland development and pheromone production in lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae). | the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva) (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) is the main vector of american visceral leishmaniasis. adult males produce a terpenoid sex pheromone that in some cases also acts as male aggregation pheromone. we have analyzed the correlation between male pheromone production levels and pheromone gland cell morphogenesis after adult emergence from pupae. the abdominal tergites of l. longipalpis males were dissected and fixed in glutaraldehyde for transmissi ... | 2011 | 21661306 |
| behavioral evidence for the presence of a sex pheromone in male phlebotomus papatasi scopoli (diptera: psychodidae). | phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae) is the old world sand fly vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania major (trypanosomatidae: kinetoplastida), a debilitating and disfiguring protist parasitic disease prevalent throughout southern mediterranean countries, the middle east, as well as southern and eastern european countries, where it is regarded as a serious public health problem. little is known of the mating ecology of p. papatasi, and, in particular, the role (if ... | 2011 | 21661311 |
| comparative microsatellite typing of new world leishmania infantum reveals low heterogeneity among populations and its recent old world origin. | leishmania infantum (syn. l. chagasi) is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in the new world (nw) with endemic regions extending from southern usa to northern argentina. the two hypotheses about the origin of vl in the nw suggest (1) recent importation of l. infantum from the old world (ow), or (2) an indigenous origin and a distinct taxonomic rank for the nw parasite. multilocus microsatellite typing was applied in a survey of 98 l. infantum isolates from different nw foci. the ... | 2011 | 21666787 |
| alboserpin, a factor xa inhibitor from the mosquito vector of yellow fever, binds heparin and membrane phospholipids and exhibits antithrombotic activity. | the molecular mechanism of factor xa (fxa) inhibition by alboserpin, the major salivary gland anticoagulant from the mosquito and yellow fever vector aedes albopictus, has been characterized. cdna of alboserpin predicts a 45-kda protein that belongs to the serpin family of protease inhibitors. recombinant alboserpin displays stoichiometric, competitive, reversible and tight binding to fxa (picomolar range). binding is highly specific and is not detectable for fx, catalytic site-blocked fxa, thro ... | 2011 | 21673107 |
| ontology patterns for tabular representations of biomedical knowledge on neglected tropical diseases. | ontology-like domain knowledge is frequently published in a tabular format embedded in scientific publications. we explore the re-use of such tabular content in the process of building ntdo, an ontology of neglected tropical diseases (ntds), where the representation of the interdependencies between hosts, pathogens and vectors plays a crucial role. | 0 | 21685092 |
| lutzomyia longipalpis saliva drives apoptosis and enhances parasite burden in neutrophils. | neutrophils are considered the host's first line of defense against infections and have been implicated in the immunopathogenesis of leishmaniasis. leishmania parasites are inoculated alongside vectors' saliva, which is a rich source of pharmacologically active substances that interfere with host immune response. in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that salivary components from lutzomyia longipalpis, an important vector of visceral leishmaniasis, enhance neutrophil apoptosis. murine i ... | 2011 | 21685247 |
| experimental transmission of leishmania infantum by two major vectors: a comparison between a viscerotropic and a dermotropic strain. | we quantified leishmania infantum parasites transmitted by natural vectors for the first time. both l. infantum strains studied, dermotropic cuk3 and viscerotropic imt373, developed well in phlebotomus perniciosus and lutzomyia longipalpis. they produced heavy late-stage infection and colonized the stomodeal valve, which is a prerequisite for successful transmission. infected sand fly females, and especially those that transmit parasites, feed significantly longer on the host (1.5-1.8 times) tha ... | 2011 | 21695108 |
| colonization of phlebotomus papatasi changes the effect of pre-immunization with saliva from lack of protection towards protection against experimental challenge with leishmania major and saliva. | sand fly saliva has been postulated as a potential vaccine or as a vaccine component within multi component vaccine against leishmaniasis. it is important to note that these studies were performed using long-term colonized phlebotomus papatasi. the effect of sand flies colonization on the outcome of leishmania infection is reported. | 2011 | 21726438 |
| [distribution of lutzomyia longipalpis in the chaco region, argentina, 2010.] | the appearance of the vector of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) lutzomyia longipalpis in the province of formosa in 2004 was associated with urban epidemic risk for the first time in argentina. during 2006, vectors, canine and human cases of vl were reported in the province of misiones, and in summer 2008-2009, in the province of corrientes. in santiago del estero province in 2008, cases of human and canine vl were associated with secondary vectors. therefore, with the aim to know the current distri ... | 2011 | 21745770 |
| lutzomyia longipalpis behavior and control at an urban visceral leishmaniasis focus in argentina. | during the earlier stages of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in posadas city, misiones, both the night activity and attraction to humans of lutzomyia longipalpis were assessed, in order to provide preliminary recommendations. the impact of peridomestic deltamethrin spraying performed by local officials was also evaluated. although lu. longipalpis were found in traps located over a dog the entire night, 90% of the females were captured from 20.30h to 1.30h, and only landed on a human when he ... | 2010 | 21748225 |
| aircraft and risk of importing a new vector of visceral leishmaniasis. | to the editor: kala-azar, or visceral leishmaniasis, is a parasitic disease that leads to fever, anemia, and hepatosplenomegaly. death is the usual outcome when infection is not treated. the majority of infections are caused by the protozoan leishmania donovani, restricted to india and eastern africa, but the most widespread are caused by l. infantum, found from people's republic of china to the new world, where it infects humans, dogs, and wild canids. all mediterranean countries are affected b ... | 2011 | 21762613 |
| structure and function of a "yellow" protein from saliva of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis that confers protective immunity against leishmania major infection. | ljm11, an abundant salivary protein from the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis, belongs to the insect yellow family of proteins. in this study, we immunized mice with 17 plasmids encoding lu. longiplapis salivary proteins and demonstrated that ljm11 confers protective immunity against leishmania major infection. this protection correlates with a strong induction of a delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response following exposure to lu. longipalpis saliva. additionally, splenocytes of exposed mice ... | 2011 | 21795673 |
| genomic identification of a putative circadian system in the cladoceran crustacean daphnia pulex. | essentially nothing is known about the molecular underpinnings of crustacean circadian clocks. the genome of daphnia pulex, the only crustacean genome available for public use, provides a unique resource for identifying putative circadian proteins in this species. here, the daphnia genome was mined for putative circadian protein genes using drosophila melanogaster queries. the sequences of core clock (e.g. clock, cycle, period, timeless and cryptochrome 2), clock input (cryptochrome 1) and clock ... | 2011 | 21798832 |
| leishmaniasis: middle east and north africa research and development priorities. | 2011 | 21814585 | |
| Cytokine and Phenotypic Cell Profiles of Leishmania infantum Infection in the Dog. | Leishmaniasis has reemerged in recent years showing a wider geographic distribution and increased global incidence of human and canine disease than previously known. Dogs are the main domestic/peridomestic reservoir hosts of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum. Since the evolution of leishmaniasis and clinical appearance is a consequence of complex interactions between the parasite and host immune response, a profound knowledge about the immune profile developed in dog' ... | 2012 | 21845197 |
| prevalence and factors associated with leishmania infantum infection of dogs from an urban area of brazil as identified by molecular methods. | various factors contribute to the urbanization of the visceral leishmaniasis (vl), including the difficulties of implementing control measures relating to the domestic reservoir. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis in an urban endemic area in brazil and the factors associated with leishmania infantum infection among seronegative and pcr-positive dogs. | 2011 | 21858243 |
| Real-time PCR to assess the Leishmania load in Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies: screening of target genes and assessment of quantitative methods. | Visceral Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in Brazil caused by Leishmania infantum chagasi and its main vector species is the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. Epidemiological studies have used conventional PCR techniques to measure the rate of infection of sand flies collected in the field. However, real-time PCR can detect lower parasite burdens, reducing the number of false negatives and improving the quantification of Leishmania parasites in the sand fly. This study compared genes with vario ... | 2011 | 21864530 |
| DNA vaccination with KMP11 and Lutzomyia longipalpis salivary protein protects hamsters against visceral leishmaniasis. | It was recently shown that immunization of hamsters with DNA plasmids coding LJM19, a sand fly salivary protein, partially protected against a challenge with Leishmania chagasi, whereas immunization with KMP11 DNA plasmid, a Leishmania antigen, induced protection against L. donovani infection. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effect of immunization with both LJM19 and KMP11 DNA plasmid together. Concerning the protection against an infection by L. chagasi, immunization with DNA ... | 2011 | 21875567 |
| metagenomic analysis of taxa associated with lutzomyia longipalpis, vector of visceral leishmaniasis, using an unbiased high-throughput approach. | leishmaniasis is one of the most diverse and complex of all vector-borne diseases worldwide. it is caused by parasites of the genus leishmania, obligate intramacrophage protists characterised by diversity and complexity. its most severe form is visceral leishmaniasis (vl), a systemic disease that is fatal if left untreated. in latin america vl is caused by leishmania infantum chagasi and transmitted by lutzomyia longipalpis. this phlebotomine sandfly is only found in the new world, from mexico t ... | 2011 | 21909446 |
| possible implication of the genetic composition of the lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) populations in the epidemiology of the visceral leishmaniasis. | lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) is the principal vector of american visceral leishmaniasis. several studies have indicated that the lu. longipalpis population structure is complex. it has been suggested that genetic divergence caused by genetic drift, selection, or both may affect the vectorial capacity of lu. longipalpis. however, it remains unclear whether genetic differences among lu. longipalpis populations are directly implicated in the transmission features of visceral leishma ... | 2011 | 21936320 |
| implication of haematophagous arthropod salivary proteins in host-vector interactions. | the saliva of haematophagous arthropods contains an array of anti-haemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory molecules that contribute to the success of the blood meal. the saliva of haematophagous arthropods is also involved in the transmission and the establishment of pathogens in the host and in allergic responses. this survey provides a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological activity and immunogenic properties of the main salivary proteins characterised in various haematophag ... | 2011 | 21951834 |
| Genetic differentiation in natural populations of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) (Diptera: Psychodidae) with different phenotypic spot patterns on tergites in males. | Entomological surveys in the state of Maranhão have recorded morphologically distinct populations of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva). Some populations have one pair of spots (1S) on the fourth tergite, while others have two pairs (2S) on the third and fourth tergites of males. In the present study we investigated the degree of genetic polymorphism among four populations in the municipalities of Caxias, Codó and Raposa, in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, by using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymo ... | 2011 | 21952969 |
| phlebotomine sand flies and canine infection in areas of human visceral leishmaniasis, cuiabá, mato grosso. | visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic infectious disease that can cause to a severe, potentially life-threatening chronic condition in humans. risk factors for infection in urban areas have been associated with poor living conditions, the presence of sand fly vectors and infected pets. this study aimed to describe sand fly and canine infection in the neighborhoods of human visceral leishmaniasis occurrence in the city of cuiabá, mato grosso state, central-western brazil, reported between january ... | 2011 | 21961754 |
| One Health: the global challenge of epidemic and endemic leishmaniasis. | 'One Health' proposes the unification of medical and veterinary sciences with the establishment of collaborative ventures in clinical care, surveillance and control of cross-species disease, education, and research into disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy and vaccination. The concept encompasses the human population, domestic animals and wildlife, and the impact that environmental changes ('environmental health') such as global warming will have on these populations. Visceral leishmaniasis ... | 2011 | 21985335 |
| Human cellular immune response to the saliva of Phlebotomus papatasi is mediated by IL-10-producing CD8+ T cells and Th1-polarized CD4+ lymphocytes. | The saliva of sand flies strongly enhances the infectivity of Leishmania in mice. Additionally, pre-exposure to saliva can protect mice from disease progression probably through the induction of a cellular immune response. | 2011 | 21991402 |
| restriction of rift valley fever virus virulence in mosquito cells. | arboviruses are maintained in a natural cycle that requires blood-sucking arthropod and vertebrate hosts. arboviruses are believed to persistently infect their arthropod host without overt pathology and cause acute infection with viremia in their vertebrate host. we have focused on elucidating how a specific arbovirus, rift valley fever (rvf) virus, causes cytopathic effect in cells derived from vertebrates and non-cytopathic infection in cells derived from arthropods. we demonstrate that the ve ... | 2010 | 21994651 |
| the harmonic convergence of fathers predicts the mating success of sons in aedes aegypti. | during courtship males often communicate information about their fitness to females. the matching of harmonic components of flight tone in male-female pairs of flying mosquitoes, or harmonic convergence, was recently described. this behaviour occurs prior to mating and has been suggested to function in mate selection. we investigated the hypothesis that harmonic convergence is a component of mosquito courtship. a key prediction of this hypothesis is that harmonic convergence should provide infor ... | 0 | 22003255 |
| Canine antibody response to Phlebotomus perniciosus bites negatively correlates with the risk of Leishmania infantum transmission. | Phlebotomine sand flies are blood-sucking insects that can transmit Leishmania parasites. Hosts bitten by sand flies develop an immune response against sand fly salivary antigens. Specific anti-saliva IgG indicate the exposure to the vector and may also help to estimate the risk of Leishmania spp. transmission. In this study, we examined the canine antibody response against the saliva of Phlebotomus perniciosus, the main vector of Leishmania infantum in the Mediterranean Basin, and characterized ... | 2011 | 22022626 |
| maxadilan, the lutzomyia longipalpis vasodilator, drives plasma leakage via pac1-cxcr1/2-pathway. | experiments were designed to determine if the vasodilatory peptides maxadilan and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (pacap-38) may cause plasma leakage through activation of leukocytes and to what extent these effects could be due to pac1 and cxcr1/2 receptor stimulation. intravital microscopy of hamster cheek pouches utilizing fitc-dextran and rhodamine, respectively, as plasma and leukocyte markers was used to measure arteriolar diameter, plasma leakage and leukocyte accumulation ... | 2011 | 22036674 |
| current knowledge of leishmania vectors in mexico: how geographic distributions of species relate to transmission areas. | leishmaniases are a group of vector-borne diseases with different clinical manifestations caused by parasites transmitted by sand fly vectors. in mexico, the sand fly lutzomyia olmeca olmeca is the only vector proven to transmit the parasite leishmania mexicana to humans, which causes leishmaniasis. other vector species with potential medical importance have been obtained, but their geographic distributions and relation to transmission areas have never been assessed. we modeled the ecological ni ... | 2011 | 22049037 |
| identification, phylogenetic analysis and expression profile of an anionic insect defensin gene, with antibacterial activity, from bacterial-challenged cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis. | defensins are a well known family of cationic antibacterial peptides (amps) isolated from fungi, plants, insects, mussels, birds, and various mammals. they are predominantly active against gram (+) bacteria, and a few of them are also active against gram (-) bacteria and fungi. all insect defensins belonging to the invertebrate class have a consensus motif, c-x₅₋₁₆-c-x₃-c-x₉₋₁₀-c-x₄₋₇-cx₁-c. only seven amps have already been found in different lepidopteran species. no report was published on the ... | 2011 | 22067477 |
| lulo cell line derived from lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae): a novel model to assay leishmania spp. and vector interaction. | leishmania (vianna) braziliensis, leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis and leishmania (leishmania) chagasi are important parasites in the scenario of leishmaniasis in brazil. during the life cycle of these parasites, the promastigote forms adhere to the midgut epithelial microvillii of phlebotomine insects to avoid being secreted along with digestive products. lulo cells are a potential model that will help to understand the features of this adhesion phenomenon. here, we analyze the interaction b ... | 2011 | 22082050 |
| assessment of sand fly (diptera, psychodidae) control using cypermethrin in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis, montes claros, minas gerais state, brazil. | montes claros in minas gerais state, brazil, was considered an intense transmission area for visceral leishmaniasis. this study evaluated sand fly fauna after insecticide application. captures were performed in 10 districts from september 2005 to august 2006 with cdc light traps inside and outside each residence. cypermethrin was sprayed in two cycles during november/2005 and may/2006. the 636 specimens collected, belonging to 10 species, were predominantly lutzomyia longipalpis (79%), and most ... | 2011 | 22124489 |
| toll receptors type-2 and cr3 expression of canine monocytes and its correlation with immunohistochemistry and xenodiagnosis in visceral leishmaniasis. | the aim of the present study was to investigate tlr2 expression in peripheral blood monocytes from dogs naturally infected with leishmania (leishmania) infantum to determine whether it correlates with cd11b/cd18 (cr3) expression, and to evaluate the potential of dogs as sources of infection using phlebotomine xenodiagnosis. forty eight dogs were serologically diagnosed with l. infantum infection by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). pa ... | 2011 | 22140456 |
| The Enhancer of split complex arose prior to the diversification of schizophoran flies and is strongly conserved between Drosophila and stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae). | ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In Drosophila, the Enhancer of Split complex (E(spl)-C) comprises 11 bHLH and Bearded genes that function during Notch signaling to repress proneural identity in the developing peripheral nervous system. Comparison with other insects indicates that the basal state for Diptera is a single bHLH and Bearded homolog and that the expansion of the gene complex occurred in the lineage leading to Drosophila. However, comparative genomic data from other fly species that would eluci ... | 2011 | 22151427 |
| phlebotomine fauna (diptera: psychodidae) and putative vectors of leishmaniases in impacted area by hydroelectric plant, state of tocantins, brazil. | although leishmaniases are regarded as serious public health issues in the state of tocantins, as consequence of the impact of environmental changes, small advances in taxonomic and ecological studies of phlebotominae fauna are taking place in this state. the present study aimed to improve the knowledge about the sand flies, as well as about the aspects of the bioecology of leishmaniases vectors from porto nacional, a city that was directly impacted by the construction of luís eduardo magalhães ... | 2011 | 22163271 |
| Histopathological and parasitological study of the gastrointestinal tract of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. | ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to provide a systematic pathological and parasitological overview of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), including the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon, of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania. METHODS: Twenty mongrel dogs naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and obtained from the Control Zoonosis Center of the Municipality of Ribeirao das Neves, Belo Horizonte Metropolitan area, Minas Gerais (MG) state, Br ... | 2011 | 22166041 |
| An insight into the sialome of Simulium guianense (DIPTERA:SIMULIIDAE), the main vector of River Blindness Disease in Brazil. | ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the composition and function of the saliva in black flies such as Simulium guianense, the main vector of river blindness disease in Brazil. The complex salivary potion of hematophagous arthropods counteracts their host's hemostasis, inflammation, and immunity. RESULTS: Transcriptome analysis revealed ubiquitous salivary protein families - such as the Antigen-5, Yellow, Kunitz domain, and serine proteases--in the S. guianense sialotranscriptome. Insec ... | 2011 | 22182526 |
| use of the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization technique for bacteria detection in aedes aegypti (diptera:culicidae) (l.). | bacteria associated with insects can have a substantial impact on the biology and life cycle of their host. the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization technique is a semi-quantitative technique that has been previously employed in odontology to detect and quantify a variety of bacterial species in dental samples. here we tested the applicability of the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization technique to detect the presence of aedes aegypti-associated bacterial species in larvae, pupae and adults of a. a ... | 2011 | 22185193 |
| leishmania infantum chagasi in northeastern brazil: asymptomatic infection at the urban perimeter. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is endemic in large cities in brazil, including natal. we determined the prevalence of asymptomatic human infection with leishmania infantum chagasi and associated environmental risks around natal. infection was detected by leishmania skin test (lst) and anti-leishmanial antibodies in humans and anti-leishmanial antibodies in dogs. amongst 345 humans, 24.6% were seropositive, and 38.6% were lst-positive. prevalence of positive serology was similar in both sexes and ac ... | 0 | 22232458 |
| american visceral leishmaniasis in chiapas, mexico. | abstract. we report the results of a study conducted during 1990-2006 with 89 cases of american visceral leishmaniasis in chiapas state in southeastern mexico and a seroprevalence study performed with 726 persons and 224 dogs that lived near cases of american visceral leishmaniasis. clinical aspects, epidemiologic profiles, and risk factors are described. most cases were in children ≤ 5 years of age, the prevalence of seropositive persons was 77%. the main risk factors associated with this disea ... | 2012 | 22232459 |
| a dysflagellar mutant of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis isolated from a cutaneous leishmaniasis patient. | parasites of the leishmania genus alternate between the flagellated extracellular promastigote stage and intracellular amastigotes. here we report the characterization of a leishmania isolate, obtained from a cutaneous leishmaniasis patient, which presents peculiar morphological features. | 2012 | 22236464 |
| distribution of phlebotomine fauna (diptera: psychodidae) across an urban-rural gradient in an area of endemic visceral leishmaniasis in northern brazil. | the number of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) cases has increased over the past 10 years in brazil, especially in the north and northeast regions of the country. the aim of this study was to evaluate the urbanisation of vl vectors in barcarena, pará, an area in northern brazil where vl is endemic. sandflies were captured using centers for disease control (cdc) light traps along an urban-rural gradient. the cdc traps were installed inside hen houses at a height of 150 cm. a total of 5,089 sandflies w ... | 2011 | 22241130 |
| report of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) in a cutaneous-leishmaniasis-endemic area of panama. | lutzomyia longipalpis is the primary vector of the parasite responsible for visceral leishmaniasis in the americas. in the present study, lu. longipalpis was found in a domiciliary area in limón, a district in capira, a region in which cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in panama. previously, this species has been found in a humid forest in this same region. finding lu. longipalpis in domiciliary areas indicates that this species may be adapting to new habitats and that it may play a role in the ... | 2011 | 22241132 |
| the transmission of leishmania infantum chagasi by the bite of the lutzomyia longipalpis to two different vertebrates. | sandflies are vectors of leishmania, the causative agent of leishmaniasis in mammalian hosts, including humans. the protozoan parasite is transmitted by the sandfly bite during salivation that occurs at the moment of blood feeding. the components of vector saliva include anticlotting and vasodilatory factors that facilitate blood flow and immunomodulatory factors that inhibit wound healing and quell the immune response. not surprisingly, these factors also play important roles in the establishme ... | 2012 | 22260275 |