Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| pathogenicity of four strains of entomopathogenic fungi against the bovine tick boophilus microplus. | to evaluate the pathogenicity of 4 strains of the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium flavoviride var flavoviride and metarhizium anisopliae var anisopliae in vitro against the bovine tick boophilus microplus. | 2001 | 11560280 |
| in vivo evaluation of amitraz against ticks under field conditions in ethiopia. | an aqueous emulsion of amitraz (bovitraz, bayer ah), prepared and applied according to the manufacturer's recommendations, was evaluated for its activity against cattle ticks on a dairy farm in ethiopia. eight crossbred heifer calves aged between 6 and 8 months and heavily infested with ticks were selected and divided into equal treatment and control groups. the calves in the treatment group were hand-sprayed with the amitraz emulsion while the control group was left untreated. each calf was res ... | 2001 | 11563719 |
| determination of ddt and its metabolites in cattle dip soil available in aqueous phase after remediation. | soil taken from a former cattle tick dip site in nsw australia, was remediated with a chemical leaching technology. the pre- and post-remediated soil (20g) was dispersed in water (100ml) and subjected to passive diffusion using polymeric membranes. the remediation reduced tddt from 1174.3 microg/g to 102.9 microg/g (ash weight basis), which was further reduced to 43.2 microg/g with composting. the membranes accumulated 41.3 microg tddt/g from the dip soil, 49.2 microg tddt/g from the chemically ... | 2001 | 11599716 |
| climate warming and changes in habitat suitability for boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in central america. | remote sensing on the basis of avhrr (advanced very high resolution radiometer) satellite imagery was used, together with standard geostatistical methods (cokriging), to estimate the distribution of habitat suitability (hs) for the tick boophilus microplus (canestrini) in central america. most attention was paid to the expected limits of tick distribution as well as the temperature and vegetation values responsible for different hs zones and their variability within the year. the highest hs exte ... | 2001 | 11695419 |
| serine proteinase inhibitors from eggs and larvae of tick boophilus microplus: purification and biochemical characterization. | the present study describes the purification, characterization, and comparison of serine proteinase inhibitors during the development of egg and larva phases of the tick boophilus microplus. samples were collected of eggs between the first day of hatching and the beginning of eclosion (defined as el, e2, and e3) and of larvae between the first day of eclosion and the infectant phase (defined as l1, l2, and l3). crude extracts of the samples (2.5% w/v in tris-hci buffer) were analyzed by sds-page ... | 2001 | 11732684 |
| production of reactive oxygen species by hemocytes from the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | we have investigated the phagocytic activity and the production of reactive oxygen species (ros) by hemocytes from the cattle tick boophilus microplus. two main types of hemocytes were detected in tick hemolymph: plasmatocytes and granulocytes. the plasmocytes were the most abundant cells, being responsible for the in vivo phagocytosis of yeast. ros production was evaluated by luminol-amplified luminescence and phenol red oxidation. the luminescence increased when hemocytes were incubated with b ... | 2001 | 11748959 |
| reduced oviposition of boophilus microplus feeding on sheep vaccinated with vitellin. | the most abundant protein present in boophilus microplus eggs, vitellin, was isolated and purified as a non-covalent complex of six glyco-polypeptides of mr 44-107kda. the protein complex bound haem. immuno-blots demonstrated that antibodies raised to vitellin recognised a 200kda polypeptide in the haemolymph of adult female ticks. this is consistent with the general proposal that in arthropods vitellin is derived by proteolytic processing from a large precursor protein, vitellogenin. in paralle ... | 2002 | 11751009 |
| histochemical localization of esterases in the integument of the female boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) tick. | the cattle tick boophilus microplus (canestrini) is one of the most important ectoparasites affecting tropical cattle with worldwide distribution. application of organophosphate compounds (op) is extensively used as a tick control method. however, the appearance of ticks resistant to the op decreases the therapeutic efficacy of such compounds. esterases have been implicated as potential biochemical mechanisms for detoxification in b. microplus larvae. we found increased esterase activity in the ... | 2001 | 11761374 |
| molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a new p450 gene, cyp319a1, from the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | we have isolated and sequenced a novel p450 gene (cyp319a1) from the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. the cyp319a1 cdna encodes a protein of 531 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 60.9k. it contains all highly conserved motifs characteristic of p450 enzymes. comparison of deduced amino acid sequence with other cyp members shows that the cyp319a1 is more closely related to cyp4 family, but its overall identity to the cyp4 family is less than 40%. therefore, it was assigned to a ne ... | 2002 | 11804802 |
| [identification of a neutral protease in the intestine of boophilus microplus with electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels copolymerized with gelatin]. | a neutral activity of boophilus microplus in the intestine was identified by electrophoresis in polyacrilamide gel copolymerized with gelatin. the maximum of activity was attained at ph 6.0. the highest specific activity at that ph was obtained with casein substrate. the disappearance of this activity was observed in both substrates after the addition of phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride in the reaction mixtures. it was very interesting to find out an endopeptidase activity with these characteristi ... | 2009 | 11826517 |
| an estimate of the economic effects of cattle tick (boophilus microplus) infestation on queensland dairy farms. | to establish the cost to the queensland dairy industry of cattle tick infestation and its control, excluding the costs incurred from control measures directed specifically at tick fever and morbidity and mortality arising from tick fever. | 2001 | 11837904 |
| babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 and rhoptry-associated protein 1 are expressed in sporozoites, and specific antibodies inhibit sporozoite attachment to erythrocytes. | we examined babesia bovis sporozoites for the expression of two molecules, merozoite surface antigen 1 (msa-1) and rhoptry-associated protein 1 (rap-1), that are postulated to be involved in the invasion of host erythrocytes. both msa-1 and rap-1 were transcribed and expressed in infectious sporozoites. importantly, monospecific msa-1 and rap-1 antisera each inhibited sporozoite invasion of erythrocytes in vitro. this is the first identification of antigens expressed in babesia sp. sporozoites a ... | 2002 | 11854249 |
| rhodnius heme-binding protein (rhbp) is a heme source for embryonic development in the blood-sucking bug rhodnius prolixus (hemiptera, reduviidae). | we have previously shown that rhodnius prolixus' eggs and hemolymph are pink due to the presence of the hemeprotein rhodnius heme-binding protein (rhbp). in the hemolymph it functions as an antioxidant. nevertheless, its function in eggs has not been determined. here we present evidence that rhbp is a source of heme for embryonic development. rhbp content decreases during embryogenesis, but the total heme content of eggs remains unchanged. biliverdin, the product of heme degradation, is not dete ... | 2002 | 11886770 |
| immunodominant epitopes in babesia bovis rhoptry-associated protein 1 that elicit memory cd4(+)-t-lymphocyte responses in b. bovis-immune individuals are located in the amino-terminal domain. | babesia bovis rhoptry-associated protein 1 (rap-1), which confers partial protection against b. bovis challenge, is recognized by antibodies and t lymphocytes from cattle that have recovered from infection and are immune to subsequent challenge. rap-1 is a 60-kda protein with an n-terminal (nt) region that contains four cysteine residues conserved among all babesia rap-1 family members and a c-terminal (ct) region that contains multiple, degenerate, tandem 23-amino-acid (aa) repeats. to define t ... | 2002 | 11895969 |
| in vitro generation of organophosphate resistant boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) cell lines. | three organophosphate resistant boophilus microplus canestrini cell lines were generated by exposing b. microplus viii-scc cell line to incrementally increased toxic concentrations of the acaricide coumaphos. the development of resistance was evidenced by lc50 values elevated over those of control cells. the resistant cell lines selected in higher concentrations of organophosphate, designated c44 and c54, also had significantly slower duplication rates than a resistant cell line selected in lowe ... | 2002 | 11931027 |
| a single amino acid deletion in the antigen binding site of bola-drb3 is predicted to affect peptide binding. | two bovine mhc class ii alleles, bola-drb3*0201 and bola-drb3*3301, contain a three base pair deletion which results in the deletion of a lysine (k beta 65) in the antigen recognition site (ars). modelling of bola-drb3*0201 with the conserved lysine k beta 65 and bola-drb3*0201 without k beta 65 indicated that this deletion altered the peptide specificity of the ars, and may impact on the immune response. to test this hypothesis, the presence of k beta 65 was analysed in a sample of cattle vacci ... | 2002 | 11943314 |
| identification of newly isolated babesia parasites from cattle in korea by using the bo-rbc-scid mice. | attempts were made to isolate and identify korean bovine babesia parasite. blood samples were collected from holstein cows in korea, and babesia parasites were propagated in scid mice with circulating bovine red blood cells for isolation. the isolate was then antigenically and genotypically compared with several japanese isolates. the korean parasite was found to be nearly identical to the oshima strain isolated from japanese cattle, which was recently designated as babesia ovata oshimensis n. v ... | 2002 | 11949211 |
| bmti antigens induce a bovine protective immune response against boophilus microplus tick. | boophilus microplus trypsin inhibitors (bmtis) present in larvae were preliminarily characterized as active proteins, approximately 10-18 kda, by sds-page. bmtis showed trypsin inhibitory activity on reverse zymography containing gelatin (0.03%) and also inhibited others serine proteinases (human neutrophil elastase and human plasma kallikrein). bos indicus, nelore breed calves, previously sensitized with bmtis and challenged with tick larvae (20,000 larvae/animal), showed 72.8% efficacy to inte ... | 2002 | 11962734 |
| cloning and partial characterization of a boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) glutathione s-transferase. | a cdna of glutathione s-transferase (gst) was isolated from a cdna library of salivary glands of boophilus microplus. the recombinant protein was purified by glutathione affinity chromatography and assayed upon the chromogenic substrate cdnb. the 864 bp cloned fragment was sequenced and showed an open reading frame coding for a protein of 220 amino acids. expression of the gst gene was tested by rt-pcr in tick tissues and larvae mrna. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with gsts from ... | 2002 | 12044491 |
| analysis of the sequence and expression of a second putative acetylcholinesterase cdna from organophosphate-susceptible and organophosphate-resistant cattle ticks. | the cattle tick, boophilus microplus, is a major pest of cattle in australia, central and south america, and parts of africa and asia. control of ticks with organophosphates (ops) and carbamates, which target acetylcholinesterases (ache), led to evolution of resistance to these pesticides. alleles at the locus studied here, ache2, from op-susceptible female ticks from australia and mexico differed at 46 of 1689 nucleotide positions (20 putative amino acid differences) whereas alleles from three ... | 2002 | 12044498 |
| immunization of cattle with synthetic peptides derived from the boophilus microplus gut protein (bm86). | three synthetic peptides (sbm4912, sbm7462 and sbm19733), derived from the bm86 glycoprotein from boophilus microplus gut, were constructed and used to immunize cattle from a tick-free area. the immunized animals received three subcutaneous doses of the peptides, with saponin as adjuvant, at 30-day intervals. the immune response was evaluated by igg elicited against the peptides by the detection of anti-bm86 specific antibodies in situ and by western blotting analysis. after tick challenge, redu ... | 2002 | 12127414 |
| development of vaccines against sea lice. | a review of efforts to develop a vaccine against sea lice is presented together with analysis of the rationale behind the approaches and potential future directions. vaccines against the caligid copepod, lepeophtheirus salmonis, have the potential to be a cost-effective means of controlling the infection and avoid many of the disadvantages of medicine treatments. however, research towards such vaccines is in its infancy and approaches so far used have met with little or no success. most strategi ... | 2002 | 12138623 |
| modification of the food and agriculture organization larval packet test to measure amitraz-susceptibility against ixodidae. | modifications of exposure time, substrate, and formulation were made to the food and agriculture organization larval packet test (lpt) to determine a combination suitable for measuring the susceptibility of boophilus microplus (canestrini) to amitraz. exposure time influenced the slope of the dose-response when paper was used as a substrate for amitraz. however, time did not influence the dose-response slope when nylon fabric was used as an amitraz substrate. formulated amitraz produced results ... | 2002 | 12144297 |
| dermacentor variabilis and boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae): experimental vectors of babesia equi to equids. | the experimental vector competence of five laboratory-reared ixodid tick species representing three genera [amblyomma americanum (l.), boophilus microplus (canestrini), d. andersoni stiles, d. occidentalis marx, and d. variabilis (say)] for babesia equi (laveran 1901) was evaluated by delayed transfer of male ticks from infected to susceptible equids or by infesting the latter animals with adult ticks previously fed as nymphs on infected equids. after feeding for 5, 6, or 13 d on acquisition hos ... | 2002 | 12144301 |
| expression and immunolocalization of a boophilus microplus cathepsin l-like enzyme. | efforts are being undertaken to control tick infestations that cause important economic losses. a cathepsin l-like endopeptidase of boophilus microplus was expressed in escherichia coli; the recombinant enzyme was capable of hydrolysing gelatin, tick vitellin and bovine haemoglobin. in this paper we focus on the expression and local of synthesis of this enzyme in the tick. rt-pcr experiments showed that this endopeptidase is transcribed in the gut of partially engorged tick females. in immunoblo ... | 2002 | 12144697 |
| detection of natural infection of boophilus microplus with babesia equi and babesia caballi in brazilian horses using nested polymerase chain reaction. | the potential role of boophilus microplus as a natural tick vector of babesia equi and babesia caballi in brazilian horses was assessed using nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based marker assay. b. equi merozoite-specific 218bp gene fragment was detected in almost 96% of horse blood samples, and 45.3-62.5% of females, eggs, larvae, and nymphs of b. microplus collected from 47 horses at campo grande in the state of matto grosso, brazil. except for the partially-fed female ticks, the b. caba ... | 2002 | 12163246 |
| effect of salivary gland extracts from the tick, boophilus microplus, on leucocytes from brahman and hereford cattle. | the effect of salivary gland extract (sge) from boophilus microplus on peripheral blood lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes from brahman (bos indicus) and hereford (bos taurus) cattle was investigated. sge (8 micro g) significantly inhibited the proliferation response of lymphocytes to concanavalin a from both brahman and hereford cattle by 89% and 41%, respectively. the difference in inhibition between the two breeds was highly significant (p < 0.01), whilst at 1 micro g of sge, significant ... | 2002 | 12164821 |
| cattle tick (boophilus microplus) in victoria on horses from queensland. | 2002 | 12180889 | |
| simultaneous detection of anaplasma marginale and a new ehrlichia species closely related to ehrlichia chaffeensis by sequence analyses of 16s ribosomal dna in boophilus microplus ticks from tibet. | to identify ehrlichial agents in boophilus microplus ticks, dna samples of b. microplus collected from the tibet autonomous region and sichuan province of china were screened by a nested pcr. sixteen of 43 (37%) dna samples of b. microplus from tibet were positive in nested pcr analysis. all 27 samples from sichuan were negative. the screen identified two ehrlichial agents based on different 16s rrna genes that were found after amplifying and sequencing the 5'-end fragments of the 16s rrna genes ... | 2002 | 12202567 |
| isolation of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae from boophilus microplus tick (canestrini, 1887), in rio de janeiro state, brazil. | the objective of this work were to isolate and identify strains of entomopathogenic fungi from ingurgitated female boophilus microplus ticks, collected from the soil in the municipality of paracambi, rio de janeiro state, brazil. the ingurgitated females were inoculated in the selective medium oat dodine agar (oda), where 49 colonies of beauveria bassiana (71%) and 20 of metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (29%) were isolated. these isolated strains characterize for the first time in brazil t ... | 2002 | 12206323 |
| allele frequency and gene expression of a putative carboxylesterase-encoding gene in a pyrethroid resistant strain of the tick boophilus microplus. | we utilized rna northern blot analysis and ribonuclease protection assays (rpa) to study the mrna expression level of a putative carboxylesterase-encoding gene from several strains of boophilus microplus (canestrini). both the northern analysis and rpas indicated that an esterase transcript was more abundant in the pyrethroid resistant strain, coatzacoalcos (cz), compared to a susceptible control strain and a resistant strain whose pyrethroid resistance is mediated through a target site insensit ... | 2002 | 12213237 |
| cloning and partial characterization of a boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) calreticulin. | we report the cloning, sequence characterization and expression analysis of a calreticulin (crt) coding cdna of boophilus microplus. crt is a calcium-binding protein involved in multiple cell functions and possibly implicated in parasites host immune system evasion. the crt cdna sequence and its molecular characterization are described. sequence similarity and phylogenetic analyses indicate a close relationship to other arthropod crt sequences. the crt cdna was also expressed in a procariotic sy ... | 2002 | 12243735 |
| efficacy of macrocyclic lactone endectocides against boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) infested cattle using different pour-on application treatment regimes. | the efficacy of pour-on formulations of three macrocyclic lactone endectocides (moxidectin, ivermectin, and eprinomectin) was evaluated on cattle against boophilus microplus (canestrini) using two different treatment regimes. a single application treatment regime with each endectocide showed that fewer ticks per calf were recovered from all treated calves than from untreated cattle, but the level of control among the three treatments was similar (range; 78.7-87.7%) against all stages of ticks on ... | 2002 | 12349860 |
| molecular diagnosis of pyrethroid resistance in mexican strains of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) diagnostic assays were used to identify possible resistance-associated roles of two amino acid substitutions found in pyrethroid resistance-associated genes of boophilus microplus (canestrini). individual larvae from the san felipe target site resistant strain and the coatzacoalcos (cz) metabolic resistant strain were separated into resistant and susceptible groups by larval packet bioassays and analyzed by pcr. a phe --> ile amino acid mutation in the sodium chan ... | 2002 | 12349861 |
| cdna cloning, expression and characterization of a boophilus microplus paramyosin. | the tick boophilus microplus is a 1-host tick that causes important losses to bovine herds, and protective antigens are being investigated in order to develop vaccines that avoid the use of acaricides. paramyosins are multi-functional invertebrate muscle proteins, whose roles may include host immunomodulation, and seem to be a prominent candidate in a schistosomiasis vaccine. we report here the cloning, expression and characterization of a b. microplus paramyosin (bmprm). sequence analysis of th ... | 2002 | 12358423 |
| babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 2 proteins are expressed on the merozoite and sporozoite surface, and specific antibodies inhibit attachment and invasion of erythrocytes. | the babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 2 (msa-2) locus encodes four proteins, msa-2a(1), -2a(2), -2b, and -2c. with the use of specific antibodies, each msa-2 protein was shown to be expressed on the surface of live extracellular merozoites and coexpression on single merozoites was confirmed. individual antisera against msa-2a, msa-2b, and msa-2c significantly inhibited merozoite invasion of bovine erythrocytes. as tick-derived sporozoites also directly invade erythrocytes, expression of ea ... | 2002 | 12379726 |
| effect of the association of cattle and rusa deer (cervus timorensis russa) on populations of cattle ticks (boophilus microplus). | the wild population of rusa deer (cervus timorensis russa) in new caledonia (south pacific) is nearly as large as the cattle population. the cattle tick is widespread and occurs all year round. opinions are divided on the role of deer in the biological cycle of the tick: i) do they maintain a sustainable tick population that is secondarily available for cattle? ii) do they decrease the infestation of the environment by collecting larvae on the pasture, but preventing their development to the eng ... | 2002 | 12381606 |
| isolation and identification of an esterase from a mexican strain of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | a strain of mexican boophilus microplus (cz) collected near coatzacoalcos, veracruz, mexico, exhibits a moderate, but significant, level of permethrin resistance. unlike other highly permethrin resistant strains, the cz strain does not have a mutation within the sodium channel gene that results in target-site insensitivity. however, the cz strain possesses a substantial increase in general and permethrin esterase activity relative to highly permethrin resistant and control strains suggesting the ... | 2002 | 12403427 |
| binding and storage of heme by vitellin from the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | we have previously shown (, curr. biol. 9, 703-706) that the cattle tick boophilus microplus does not synthesize heme, relying solely on the recovery of the heme from the diet to make all its hemeproteins. here we present evidence that vitellin (vn(1)), the main tick yolk protein, is a reservoir of heme for embryo development. vn was isolated from eggs at different days throughout embryogenesis. immediately after oviposition, boophilus vn contains approximately one mol of heme/mol of protein. du ... | 2002 | 12429132 |
| babesiosis and heartwater: threats without boundaries. | suppose one of your clients from southern florida starts talking about cattle egrets while you are vaccinating her cat. it seems she found a nearly dead egret near the cattle pen a few days ago, picked it up, and noticed a number of what looked like small ticks on the legs. or, suppose you are called out to a small dairy in central texas to look at some cows that are feverish and anemic. the first animal you examine has a few brown ticks attached just under the tail. finally, perhaps you are loo ... | 2002 | 12442575 |
| ticks (acari: ixodidae) associated with domestic dogs in franca region, são paulo, brazil. | ticks on 140 domestic dogs from both urban and rural areas of franca region in são paulo state were identified with 102 dogs from urban areas and 38 from rural areas. of urban dogs, 27.5% were infested exclusively by rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. of the rural dogs, 36.8% were infested with the following tick species: r. sanguineus, boophilus microplus, amblyomma ovale and a. cajennense. mixed infestations included a dog hosting a. cajennense and a. ovale and another with b. microplus and r. sa ... | 2001 | 12455880 |
| distribution and phenology of ixodid ticks in southern zambia. | distribution data for epidemiologically important ticks (acari: ixodidae) in the southern province of zambia, one of the main cattle areas of the country, are presented. boophilus microplus (canestrini) was not recorded in southern zambia, whereas boophilus decoloratus (koch) is present throughout the area. new distribution patterns for less economically important ixodid ticks are also discussed. southern zambia is a transition zone because it is the most northern area in africa where mixed rhip ... | 2002 | 12510896 |
| ixodid ticks on cattle belonging to small-scale farmers at 4 communal grazing areas in south africa. | ixodid ticks were collected during the period september 1991 to august 1993 from cattle belonging to small-scale farmers utilising 4 communal grazing areas. three of these were in north west province and 1 in mpumalanga province, south africa. ten tick species were collected in north west province and 7 in mpumalanga. the adults of amblyomma hebraeum, rhipicephalus appendiculatus and rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi were most numerous in north west province, while in mpumalanga boophilus decoloratu ... | 2002 | 12515294 |
| cattle tick boophilus microplus salivary gland contains a thiol-activated metalloendopeptidase displaying kininase activity. | this work reports on the characterization of a metalloendopeptidase kininase present in boophilus microplus salivary glands. using the guinea pig ileum assay, salivary gland whole extracts (sge) were found to have a potent kininase activity. ion-exchange chromatography separated two kininase activities from sge. the major enzymatic component, eluted at lower ionic strength, was named bookase (boophilus kininase). analysis of the hydrolysis products by capillary electrophoresis identified phe5-se ... | 2002 | 12530211 |
| effect of moxidectin against natural infestation of the cattle tick boophilus microplus (acarina: ixodidae) in the mexican tropics. | the study was divided in to two trials and carried out in a ranch in eastern yucatan state, mexico. in the first trial, two groups of 15 bostaurusxbosindicus heifers, 6-12 month of age and naturally infested with boophilus microplus ticks were used. heifers in group 1 were treated with a 1% injectable formulation of moxidectin at the dose of 0.20mg/kg body weight by subcutaneous injection. the other group remained as untreated controls. number of immature and engorging female ticks were assessed ... | 2003 | 12531295 |
| four serine proteinase inhibitors (serpin) from the brown ear tick, rhiphicephalus appendiculatus; cdna cloning and preliminary characterization. | while development of an anti-boophilus microplus vaccine is advanced and practical, work on other economically important ticks such as rhipicephalus appendiculatus is still in its infancy. guess pcr primers, designed from a consensus amino acid sequence (navykfg) motif were used with rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) to clone four cdnas encoding serine proteinase inhibitors (serpin) from the brown ear tick rhipicephalus appendiculatus. the four genes designated as r. appendiculatus serpin ... | 2003 | 12535684 |
| comparative inhibition kinetics for acetylcholinesterases extracted from organophosphate resistant and susceptible strains of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | in this study, acetylcholinesterases (aches) were extracted from two mexican boophilus microplus strains that demonstrated resistance to the organophosphate (op) acaricide, coumaphos, in bioassay. the rate of inhibition of the extracted aches by the diethyl-op paraoxon was determined for two resistant strains and two susceptible strains of b. microplus. the time to inhibition of 50% ache activity was approximately two-fold greater for the resistant strains. kinetic analysis of the interaction of ... | 2002 | 12539837 |
| functional analysis of a g protein-coupled receptor from the southern cattle tick boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) identifies it as the first arthropod myokinin receptor. | the myokinins are invertebrate neuropeptides with myotropic and diuretic activity. the lymnokinin receptor from the snail lymnaea stagnalis (mollusca) has been the only previously identified myokinin receptor. we had cloned a g protein-coupled receptor (af228521) from the tick boophilus microplus (arthropoda: acari), 40% identical to the lymnokinin receptor, that we have now expressed in cho-k1 cells. myokinins at nanomolar concentrations induced intracellular calcium release, as measured by flu ... | 2003 | 12542633 |
| regulation of extracellular chitinases and proteases in the entomopathogen and acaricide metarhizium anisopliae. | metarhizium anisopliae infects insects and ticks via a combination of specialized structures and cuticle degradation. hydrolytic enzymes are accepted as key factors for the penetration step. the search for pathogenicity determinants has demonstrated that the process is multifactorial. host specificity is an important factor to be addressed. the study of the enzymes produced during infection is important to discover those with a role in the process. to address some of the enzymes that take part d ... | 2003 | 12567244 |
| factors related to cattle infestation level and resistance to acaricides in boophilus microplus tick populations in new caledonia. | boophilus microplus, even in the absence of babesiosis, is a major disease of the cattle in new caledonia where the particular farming system associates continental european breeds and a tropical climate tempered by the pacific ocean. in order to have a better understanding of the factors involved in cattle tick infestation, to decrease the possible wastage and use of chemicals and to increase the lifetime of the acaricides, the veterinary authorities investigated the conditions of the chemical ... | 2003 | 12581586 |
| partial strategic tick control within a herd of european breed cattle in the state of rio grande do sul, southern brazil. | a trial is described, in the state of rio grande do sul, southern brazil, as one of a series suggested to investigate the effects of strategic but selective acaricide treatments of cattle within herds against boophilus microplus. they are aimed at considering the repercussions of farmer attempts at immediate reductions in acaricide costs and the potential for creation of 'refugia' of untreated ticks. half (group 1) of a small experimental herd of european breed heifers were treated strategically ... | 2002 | 12593589 |
| biochemical detection of esterases in the adult female integument of organophosphate-resistant boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | esterase activity was present in the integument of adult female boophilus microplus (canestrini) ticks that are resistant to organophosphates (op). three esterases were purified from adult integument, which hydrolyze the substrates p-nitrophenylacetate and beta-naphthyl acetate after comparison of op-resistant strain and an op-susceptible strains. the esterases purified by ion-exchange chromatography were characterized using different esterase inhibitors; eserine sulfate, diethyl p-nitrophenyl p ... | 2003 | 12597652 |
| antibacterial hemoglobin fragments from the midgut of the soft tick, ornithodoros moubata (acari: argasidae). | midgut contents of ornithodoros moubata showed strong antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus. a combination of reversed-phase chromatography and mass spectrometric analysis was used to isolate two antibacterial peptides from the tick midgut lumen. partial amino acid sequences by edman degradation of these two peptides showed they are identical with the 1-11 and 3-19 portions of rabbit a hemoglobin. host rabbit a hemoglobin appears to be cleaved between met32 and phe33 to produce th ... | 2003 | 12597657 |
| factors affecting the detachment rhythm of engorged boophilus microplus female ticks (acari: ixodidae) from charolais steers in new caledonia. | as in most parts of the world where the cattle tick boophilus microplus is established, resistance of ticks to acaricides occurs in new caledonia. in order to implement laboratory resistance tests on larvae, engorged females collected in suspected farms are necessary. investigations on the detachment schedule of the engorged females were conducted to explain certain field situations such as the lack or scarcity of engorged females on highly infested cattle driven from the pasture to the pen in t ... | 2003 | 12623211 |
| arsenic in australian environment: an overview. | the most common source of elevated as concentrations in the australian environment are attributable to anthropogenic activities. mining activities have contributed to the contamination of soil and water primarily in western australia and victoria. however, other anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, forestry and industry have also contaminated soil and water at a localized scale. currently there are over 1000 as contaminated sites previously used as cattle dips for eradicating cattle tic ... | 2003 | 12635829 |
| a boophilus microplus vitellin-degrading cysteine endopeptidase. | here we describe the purification and characterization of a vitellin (vt) degrading cysteine endopeptidase (vtdce) from eggs of the hard tick boophilus microplus. a homogeneous enzyme preparation was obtained by chromatographic fractionation on ion-exchange and gel filtration columns and an autolysis step. this step consisted of incubation of a semipurified enzyme (after the first ion-exchange chromatography) at ph 4.0 that dissociated the enzyme from vt, to which vtdce is naturally tightly asso ... | 2003 | 12636353 |
| induction of mosquitocidal activity in mice immunized with anopheles gambiae midgut cdna. | vaccines that induce mosquito-killing (mosquitocidal) activity could substantially reduce the transmission of certain mosquito-borne diseases, especially vaccines against african malaria vectors, such as the mosquito anopheles gambiae. to generate and characterize antimosquito immunity we immunized groups of mice with two individual a. gambiae midgut cdnas, ag-aper1 (a secreted peritrophic matrix protein) and agmuc1 (a midgut-bound mucin), and an a. gambiae midgut cdna library from blood-fed mos ... | 2003 | 12654823 |
| a new intracellular pathway of haem detoxification in the midgut of the cattle tick boophilus microplus: aggregation inside a specialized organelle, the hemosome. | the hard tick boophilus microplus ingests large volumes of cattle blood, as much as 100 times its own mass before feeding. huge amounts of haem are produced during haemoglobin digestion, which takes place inside acidic lysosomal-type vacuoles of the digest cells of the midgut. haem is a promoter of free radical formation, so haemoglobin digestion poses an intense oxidative challenge to this animal. in the present study we followed the fate of the haem derived from haemoglobin hydrolysis in the d ... | 2003 | 12682102 |
| detection of ehrlichia spp., anaplasma spp., rickettsia spp., and other eubacteria in ticks from the thai-myanmar border and vietnam. | a total of 650 ticks, including 13 species from five genera, were collected from animals, from people, or by flagging of the vegetation at sites on the thai-myanmar border and in vietnam. they were tested by pcr to detect dna of bacteria of the order rickettsiales: three anaplasma spp. were detected in ticks collected in thailand, including (i) anaplasma sp. strain anda465, which was considered a genotype of anaplasma platys (formerly ehrlichia platys) and which was obtained from dermacentor aur ... | 2003 | 12682151 |
| hemolymph proteins in ticks. | in comparison to insects and crustacea, our knowledge of the predominant hemolymph proteins in ticks is minimal. the hemolymph protein most studied in ticks has been vitellogenin (vg). vg is synthesized by the tick fat body after female adults obtain a blood meal, is released into the hemolymph and is absorbed by developing oocytes as vitellin (vn). much of what we know about vg is from studies of vn. in general, the carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid composition is similar to insects except tha ... | 2002 | 12770100 |
| a method for extraction and analysis of high quality genomic dna from ixodid ticks. | currently, no published methods describe the extraction of high molecular weight genomic dna from ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) and commonly used methods of extraction are not well adapted for use with members of this family. a method for extraction of minimally degraded genomic dna from ixodid ticks that can be completed in one or two days is described. the method produces dna which is of sufficient size (>24 kb) for use in southern analysis and which is readily digestible by restriction endon ... | 2003 | 12823841 |
| in vitro efficacy of extracts of melia azedarach against the tick boophilus microplus. | the efficacy of ripe fruit extracts of melia azedarach l. (rutales: meliaceae) was evaluated against the tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini) (acari: ixodidae). ripe fruits of m. azedarach dried and powdered were extracted by soxhlet apparatus successively using hexane, chcl3 and 96% aqueous ethanol. larvae and engorged females were immersed in decreasing concentrations from 0.25% to 0.015% of each extract. the mortality of larvae was evaluated 24, 72 and 168 h after treatment. the effectivene ... | 2003 | 12823842 |
| efficacy of various concentrations of coumaphos to control adult, nymphal, and larval stages of an organophosphate-resistant strain of boophilus microplus on infested cattle. | to evaluate the efficacy of coumaphos, an organophosphate (op) acaricide, at concentrations up to 2 times higher than the highest concentration required by the us eradication program against all stages of an op-resistant strain of boophilus microplus in experimentally infested cattle. | 2003 | 12828252 |
| ehrlichiae and ehrlichial diseases in china. | the various ticks collected from different areas of china were examined for the existence of ehrlichial agents by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with genus- or species-specific primers designed on the basis of ehrlichial 16s rrna genes and sequence analyses. in southern china, e. chaffeensis was detected in amblyomma testudinarium ticks from infested cattle, haemaphysalis yeni ticks from hare, and ixodes ovatus ticks from muntiacus reevesi. e. canis was identified in rhipicephalus sanguineus ti ... | 2003 | 12860598 |
| scanning electron microscopic observations on the surface structure of the tick boophilus microplus(canestrini, 1887) female specimens. | boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1887) female specimens were subjected to scanning electron microscopy for the observation of surface fine structures. morphological characteristics observed were summarized as follows: the palpi were wider than long, and compressed, ridged dorsally and laterally. there were usually four pairs of ventro-internal setae on the articles. the hypostome dentition was usually 4/4 but occasionally 5/5. the basis capituli were hexagonal dorsally and the porose area was di ... | 1985 | 12888676 |
| internal and external mycoflora of the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae), and its ecological implications. | scopulariopsis brevicaulis, the anamorph of microascus brevicaulis (microascaceae, ascomycota), has been identified in the body contents of the tick dermacentor variabilis. after topical application of the fungal inoculum, tick mortality was marked. this is the first account describing the internal mycoflora of d. variabilis with a novel technique used to recover potential biological control agents. | 2003 | 12902299 |
| transmission of anaplasma marginale by boophilus microplus: retention of vector competence in the absence of vector-pathogen interaction. | whether arthropod vectors retain competence for transmission of infectious agents in the long-term absence of vector-pathogen interaction is unknown. we addressed this question by quantifying the vector competence of two tick vectors, with mutually exclusive tropical- versus temperate-region distributions, for genetically distinct tropical- and temperate-region strains of the cattle pathogen anaplasma marginale. the tropical cattle tick boophilus microplus, which has been eradicated from the con ... | 2003 | 12904396 |
| [epizootiological study of theileriasis in korea: prevalence of the bovine theileriasis in relation to its vector, haemaphysalis (kaiseriana) longicornis neumann. 1901] | investigations of some problems related to the bovine theileriasis and its vector have been undertaken in korea. owing to the nation-wide investment of dairy farming, hundreds of milk cattle were imported from foreign countries during the last l0 years. this caused some problems for the imported dairy cattle in terms of cattle piroplasmosis, from which native korean cattle are immune. the bovine theileriasis has been studied from the beginning of the 20th centry in korea, and the carriers and in ... | 1974 | 12913481 |
| [a study on the ticks of chejudo: iv. monthly life flow of ticks] | following is the result of a survey hold over a two year period(1971-1972), on the appearence and disappearence of ticks on cattle in cheju. number of haemaphysalis longicornis. larvae: from the beginning of july to mid september larvae abounded reaching their peak during july and august. in 1971 their period was from july to september. in 1972 their period was from may to october. in both years their number reached their highest point in july and august(table 1.2) nymph: ticks were found from f ... | 1973 | 12913490 |
| [study on the ticks of chejudo-life cycle] | this study was conducted to study the life cycle of haemaphysalis bispinosa and boophilus microplus. the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. the period of blood-sucking from a host was 20-25 days (average 22.5 days) for haemaphysalis bispinosa and was 28-43 days (average 35.5 days) for boophilus microplus. 2. the parasitism period of haemaphysalis bispinosa on the host was the same as the blood sucking period, but the parasitism period of boophilus microplus was only 20-23 days (avera ... | 1970 | 12913514 |
| the innate immune response in calves to boophilus microplus tick transmitted babesia bovis involves type-1 cytokine induction and nk-like cells in the spleen. | the innate immune response to babesia bovis infection in cattle is age-related, spleen-dependent and, in stabilate inoculated calves, has type-1 characteristics, including the early induction of il-12 and ifn-gamma. in this study with three calves, parameters of innate immunity were followed for 2 weeks after tick transmission of b. bovis. each calf survived the acute disease episode without drug intervention, and responded with increased levels of plasma interferon-gamma and type-1 cytokine exp ... | 2003 | 12940961 |
| rhipicephalus sanguineus trypsin inhibitors present in the tick larvae: isolation, characterization, and partial primary structure determination. | blood sucking animals are a rich source of proteinase inhibitors mainly those that interfere in their host hemostatic systems. the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus is an ectoparasite of dogs and other animals. the aims of this work were the purification and characterization of serine proteinase inhibitors present in r. sanguineus larvae (rsti). the inhibitors (rsti) were isolated by affinity chromatography on trypsin-sepharose and ion exchange chromatographies in resource q and mono s columns. thes ... | 2003 | 12941299 |
| ticks (acari: ixodidae) on wild marsh-deer (blastocerus dichotomus) from southeast brazil: infestations before and after habitat loss. | the lake from porto-primavera hydroelectric power station inundated an area of 2,200 km2 at the border of são paulo and mato-grosso do sul states, brazil. infestations by ticks were evaluated on 135 marsh deer, blastocerus dichotomus (illiger), captured before and after inundation. ticks were collected for identification, and infestation level of animals was assessed by scoring. deer were divided into four groups according to capture location and temporal relation to the inundation. groups 1, 2, ... | 2003 | 12943103 |
| heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan expression in the intestinal tract and ovary of fully engorged adult females of the cattle tick boophilus microplus and in their laid eggs. | 2003 | 12946856 | |
| beauveria bassiana isolated from engorged females and tested against eggs and larvae of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the purpose of this work was to evaluate the in vitro virulence of three isolates of beauveria bassiana to eggs and larvae of the tick boophilus microplus. the fungus tested were isolated from engorged females of b. microplus collected on the field, and identified as bb28, bb29 and bb30. these isolates were evaluated by immersion of eggs and larvae in suspensions with different conidial concentrations: 10(8), 10(7), 10(6) and 10(5) conidia/ml and compared to the control groups. in the treated eg ... | 2003 | 12964182 |
| ixodid ticks on domestic animals in samut prakan province, thailand. | the prevalence of tick-harboring domestic animals, tick density, and the species of ticks were studied throughout the year 2000, in muang samut prakan, bang phli and phra pradaeng districts of samut prakan province. the animals examined were canis lupus familiaris (450), bos indicus (cross-bred) (189), bos taurus (30), bubalus bubalis (171) and sus scrofa domestica (450). the total number of collected ticks was 1,491. the pigs did not harbor ticks. the stages of ticks collected were larvae, nymp ... | 2002 | 12971472 |
| studies of cuticular lipides of arthropods. iii. the chemical composition of the wax from boophilus microplus. | 1957 | 13425627 | |
| pathogenesis in the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | 1963 | 14089936 | |
| the cattle tick and tick fever. | 1965 | 14338020 | |
| sulphydryl content of the embryos of the australian cattle tick. | 1960 | 14439556 | |
| experimental transmission of an unnamed bovine babesia by hyalomma spp., haemaphysalis longicornis and boophilus microplus. | experiments were undertaken to determine the mode of transmission to cattle of an unnamed babesia sp. by hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, hyalomma detritum, hy. rufipes koch, haemaphysalis longicornis and boophilus microplus. the unnamed babesia species designated babesia u sp. was isolated by infesting cattle with nymphs from female hy. a. anatolicum ticks collected from xinjiang province. adults of laboratory reared hy. a. anatolicum, hy. detritum and hy. rufipes koch were infected with babesia ... | 2003 | 14519316 |
| antigens and alternatives for control of anaplasma marginale infection in cattle. | anaplasmosis, a tick-borne cattle disease caused by the rickettsia anaplasma marginale, is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. the disease causes considerable economic loss to both the dairy and beef industries worldwide. analyses of 16s rrna, groesl, and surface proteins have resulted in the recent reclassification of the order rickettsiales. the genus anaplasma, of which a. marginale is the type species, now also includes a. bovis, a. platys, and a. phagocytophilum, which w ... | 2003 | 14557295 |
| phylogeny, evolution and historical zoogeography of ticks: a review of recent progress. | there has been much progress in our understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of ticks, particularly hard ticks, in the past 5 years. indeed, a consensus about the phylogeny of the hard ticks has emerged. our current working hypothesis for the phylogeny of ticks is quite different to the working hypothesis of 5 years ago. so that the classification reflects our knowledge of ticks, several changes to the nomenclature of ticks are imminent. one subfamily, the hyalomminae, will probably be sunk, ... | 2002 | 14570116 |
| ticks and tick-borne diseases of livestock belonging to resource-poor farmers in the eastern free state of south africa. | the paper provides a summary of three studies conducted in the eastern free state of south africa between 1998 and 2000. in a questionnaire-based study approximately 21% of interviewed resource-poor farmers (n = 150) indicated that they experienced problems with ticks and tick-borne diseases. about 56% of farmers indicated that tick-related problems were most severe in summer, while 32% indicated that the most problems were encountered in winter. about 12% indicated that the tick problems were e ... | 2002 | 14570134 |
| molecular and biochemical diagnosis of esterase-mediated pyrethroid resistance in a mexican strain of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | we examined pyrethroid resistant mexican strains of boophilus microplus using biochemical and molecular tests to determine the mechanisms conferring resistance. permethrin hydrolysis assays and esterase activity gels indicated enhanced esterase-mediated metabolic detoxification in the cz strain, while one other pyrethroid resistant strain, sf, and two pyrethroid susceptible strains had lower levels of permethrin hydrolysis. results from assays using a pcr-based test to detect a pyrethroid target ... | 2002 | 14570139 |
| in vitro detection of acaricide resistance in boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the cattle tick boophilus microplus causes significant economic losses in cattle in the tropical areas of central and south america. acaricides are widely used to control tick infestations, with the consequent selection of tolerant and resistant subpopulations. detoxifying enzymes, and esterases in particular, have been associated with organophosphate resistance in mexican isolates of b. microplus ticks. here, we present results of the biochemical detection of esterases and oxidases in 20 isolat ... | 2002 | 14570140 |
| detection of antibodies to anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis antigens in sera of korean patients by western immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence assays. | two hundred seventy one serum samples from south korean patients were tested to detect antibodies against anaplasma phagocytophilum (the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent) and ehrlichia chaffeensis (the human monocytic ehrlichiosis agent) by indirect fluorescent-antibody assay (ifa) and the western blot assay. these sera were collected from patients with symptoms of high fever. the rate of seropositivity for orientia tsutsugamushi was 50.9% by ifa at the public health & environmental researc ... | 2003 | 14607867 |
| pcr-based detection of the transovarial transmission of uruguayan babesia bovis and babesia bigemina vaccine strains. | bovine babesiosis is responsible for serious economic losses in uruguay. haemovaccines play an important role in disease prevention, but concern has been raised about their use. it is feared that the attenuated babesia bovis and babesia bigemina vaccine strains may be transmitted by the local tick vector boophilus microplus, and that reversion to virulence could occur. we therefore investigated the possibility that these strains could be transmitted via the transovarial route in ticks using a ba ... | 2003 | 14621315 |
| cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides of the cattle tick boophilus microplus: isolation, structural characterization and tissue expression profile. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are components of the immune system of both vertebrate and invertebrate animals. this study describes the isolation, primary structure, cdna cloning, and tissue expression profile of two cysteine-rich amps from the hemolymph of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. a 10,204 da polypeptide, with six cysteine residues and no sequence similarity to any known molecule, was isolated from the cell-free hemolymph. because of its sequence originality, this peptide was named ... | 2004 | 14642886 |
| assessment of a low virulence australian isolate of anaplasma marginale for pathogenicity, immunogenicity and transmissibility by boophilus microplus. | a 14-year-old cow (dawn) born and kept in a boophilus microplus-free region gave birth to a calf, which showed the presence of an anaplasma marginale infection after splenectomy. the calf's grand dam was from a b. microplus infected area and we assume the infection originated via the transplacental route over two generations. an isolate, prepared from the calf, had similar or lower pathogenicity as anaplasma centrale, and previously exposed steers were resistant to challenge by four a. marginale ... | 2003 | 14651881 |
| expression of equi merozoite antigen 2 during development of babesia equi in the midgut and salivary gland of the vector tick boophilus microplus. | equi merozoite antigens 1 and 2 (ema-1 and ema-2) are babesia equi proteins expressed on the parasite surface during infection in horses and are orthologues of proteins in theileria spp., which are also tick-transmitted protozoal pathogens. we determined in this study whether ema-1 and ema-2 were expressed within the vector tick boophilus microplus. b. equi transitions through multiple, morphologically distinct stages, including sexual stages, and these transitions culminate in the formation of ... | 2003 | 14662988 |
| resistance to coumaphos and diazinon in boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) and evidence for the involvement of an oxidative detoxification mechanism. | the levels of resistance to two organophosphate acaricides, coumaphos and diazinon, in several mexican strains of boophilus microplus (canestrini) were evaluated using the fao larval packet test. regression analysis of lc50 data revealed a significant cross-resistance pattern between those two acaricides. metabolic mechanisms of resistance were investigated with synergist bioassays. piperonyl butoxide (pbo) reduced coumaphos toxicity in susceptible strains, but synergized coumaphos toxicity in r ... | 2003 | 14680115 |
| proteomics in vaccinology and immunobiology: an informatics perspective of the immunone. | the postgenomic era, as manifest, inter alia, by proteomics, offers unparalleled opportunities for the efficient discovery of safe, efficacious, and novel subunit vaccines targeting a tranche of modern major diseases. a negative corollary of this opportunity is the risk of becoming overwhelmed by this embarrassment of riches. informatics techniques, working to address issues of both data management and through prediction to shortcut the experimental process, can be of enormous benefit in leverag ... | 2003 | 14688414 |
| advances in the identification and characterization of protective antigens for recombinant vaccines against tick infestations. | ticks are economically important ectoparasites of domestic and wild animals and are considered to be second worldwide to mosquitoes as vectors of human pathogens. current control methods for ticks, based primarily on the use of acaricides, have had limited efficacy in the reduction of tick infestations and the use of acaricides is often accompanied by serious drawbacks, including selection of acaricide-resistant ticks and environmental contamination. development of improved vaccines against tick ... | 2003 | 14711342 |
| global change and human vulnerability to vector-borne diseases. | global change includes climate change and climate variability, land use, water storage and irrigation, human population growth and urbanization, trade and travel, and chemical pollution. impacts on vector-borne diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, infections by other arboviruses, schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis, onchocerciasis, and leishmaniasis are reviewed. while climate change is global in nature and poses unknown future risks to humans and natural ecosystems, other local changes are o ... | 2004 | 14726459 |
| molecular cloning and functional expression of a serotonin receptor from the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | a full-length cdna encoding a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) receptor from the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus, was isolated using a strategy based on sequence homology among g protein-coupled receptors. the deduced amino acid sequence revealed highest identity with drosophila melanogaster 5ht-dro2a (z11489, 50.8%) and 5ht-dro2b (z11490, 49.5%) receptors. the receptor was transiently expressed in mammalian hek293 cells, and western blot analysis showed the expected 43.3 kda band. in these ... | 2004 | 14728666 |
| conservation of babesia bovis small heat shock protein (hsp20) among strains and definition of t helper cell epitopes recognized by cattle with diverse major histocompatibility complex class ii haplotypes. | babesia bovis small heat shock protein (hsp20) is recognized by cd4+ t lymphocytes from cattle that have recovered from infection and are immune to challenge. this candidate vaccine antigen is related to a protective antigen of toxoplasma gondii, hsp30/bag1, and both are members of the alpha-crystallin family of proteins that can serve as molecular chaperones. in the present study, immunofluorescence microscopy determined that hsp20 is expressed intracellularly in all merozoites. importantly, hs ... | 2004 | 14742557 |
| effect of acaricides on the activity of a boophilus microplus glutathione s-transferase. | in the present study, we report the effect of several acaricides on the enzyme activity of a boophilus microplus recombinant glutathione s-transferase (rgst). gst was expressed in escherichia coli and was purified with glutathione (gsh) affinity column chromatography. the kinetic constants were determined by reacting gst with the substrates 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (cdnb) and glutathione. we report the effect of several acaricides on the enzyme activity of rgst. some acaricides (ethion, amitr ... | 2004 | 14746982 |
| inheritance of resistance to flumethrin in the mexican aldama strain of the cattle tick boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the objective of this study was to evaluate the inheritance mode of resistance to flumethrin in the mexican aldama boophilus microplus strain. two mexican strains were used, the chiapas susceptible (ss), and the aldama flumethrin-resistant from tamaulipas. six steers weighing ca. 250 kg were randomly assigned for each of six crosses: the susceptible (ss), resistant (rr), and the f1 (rs, sr) reciprocal crosses and f2 (rs x rs and sr x sr). the reciprocal crosses were made to evaluate maternal and ... | 2003 | 14756408 |
| prevalence of ixodid ticks in nilgiri district of tamil nadu state (india). | the nilgiri hills provides favourable ecological conditions for the propagation of haematophagous arthropods due to its richness in vegetation and animal fauna. a study was undertaken by the nicd during august to november 1996 on the prevalence of ectoparasitic ticks from different localities of the nilgiris district of tamil nadu state. the ticks were hand picked from various domestic animals of the study area and identified. a total of 1232 adults and immatures of ticks were collected from dom ... | 2002 | 14768830 |