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identification of hemocyanin as a novel non-cross-reactive allergen from the giant freshwater shrimp macrobrachium rosenbergii.scope: sensitization to giant freshwater shrimp macrobrachium rosenbergii (mr) was recently reported. however, the allergens have yet to be identified. this study aimed to identify and characterize a novel allergen of mr shrimp. methods and results: extracted proteins were separated and purified by anion and in some experiments, size-exclusion chromatography. serum ige from shrimp allergic donors identified a candidate protein, which was characterized by lc-ms/ms. the specificity of ige binding ...201121656669
identification and cloning of a selenophosphate synthetase (sps) from tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon, and its transcription in relation to molt stages and following pathogen infection.complementary (c)dna encoding selenophosphate synthetase (sps) messenger (m)rna of the tiger shrimp penaeus monodon, designated pmsps, was obtained from the hepatopancreas by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the 1582-bp cdna contained an open reading frame (orf) of 1248bp, a 103-bp 5'-untranslated region (utr), and a 231-bp 3'-utr, which contained a conserved selenocysteine insertion sequence (secis) element, a conventional p ...201121664929
the effect of choline and cystine on the utilisation of methionine for protein accretion, remethylation and trans-sulfuration in juvenile shrimp penaeus monodon.this 35-d feeding experiment examined in juvenile shrimp penaeus monodon (3-à3-ág initial body weight) the effects of methionine (met), choline and cystine on protein accretion and the activity of two key enzymes of remethylation (betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase; bhmt) and trans-sulfuration (cystathionine +¦-synthase; cbs). the interaction between met and choline was tested using semi-purified diets either adequate or limiting (30 or 50-á%) in total sulphur amino acid (saa) content with a ...201121736807
role of penaeus monodon kruppel-like factor (pmklf) in infection by white spot syndrome virus.sp1-like proteins and kruppel-like factors (klfs) are highly related zinc-finger proteins that have crucial roles in transcription. one expressed sequence tag (est, hpa-n-s01-est0038) from shrimps is homologous to sp1. this study reports the cloning and characteristics of a klf from shrimp, penaeus monodon (pmklf). the full-length pmklf cdna is 1702bp, encoding a polypeptide of 360 amino acids. sequence analysis revealed that the sequence of pmklf is similar to that of klf11 in humans, mice and ...201121740926
a tudor staphylococcal nuclease from penaeus monodon: cdna cloning and its involvement in rna interference.rna interference (rnai) plays an important role in an antiviral defense in shrimp. rnai technology has been extensively used for inhibition of viral replication and studying gene function. however, the mechanism of shrimp rnai pathway is still poorly understood. in this study, we identified and characterized an additional protein in the rnai pathway, tudor staphylococcal nuclease from penaeus monodon (pmtsn). the full-length cdna of pmtsn is 2897bp, with an open reading frame encoding a putative ...201121745576
molecular analysis of a ras-like nuclear (ran) gene from penaeus monodon and its expression at the different ovarian stages of development.in the present study, a ras-like nuclear (ran) gene was obtained from the ovary and neurosecretory organ in eyestalk cdna library of black tiger prawn (penaeus monodon). the full-length black tiger prawn ran (pmran) cdna consisted of 1140 nucleotides including an open reading frame (orf) 648 bp, a 5' untranslated region (5'utr) of 117 bp and a 3'utr of 375 bp with a polyadenylation signal sequence "aataaa" and a poly (a) tail. the orf encoded a peptide of 215 amino acids with molecular mass 24.6 ...201121748319
rapid and sensitive detection of laem-singh virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick.laem-singh virus (lsnv) was discovered recently in thailand in farmed giant tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) displaying signs of slow growth syndrome. loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) allows dna to be amplified rapidly at a constant temperature. here a reverse transcription (rt)-lamp method was combined with a chromatographic lateral-flow dipstick (lfd) to detect lsnv rna rapidly and specifically. the reaction was optimized at 65°c for 30min and amplified dna hybridized to an fitc-lab ...201121762729
oxidative stress, protein carbonylation and heat shock proteins in the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon, following exposure to endosulfan and deltamethrin.the impact of commonly used pesticides, endosulfan and deltamethrin, on the molecular stress level in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon, was assessed using classical oxidative stress biomarkers, protein carbonylation profiles, and levels of heat shock proteins. results showed that 4 days exposure to 0.1 ++g l(-1) deltamethrin significantly (p<0.05) increased lipid peroxidation (lpo) level in gills (64.3 -¦ 3.2 compared to 34.2 -¦ 5.3 nmol mda equiv.g(-1) tissue at day 0). however, no pesticide ...200921784020
growing backwards: an inverted role for the shrimp ortholog of vertebrate myostatin and gdf11.myostatin (mstn) and growth differentiation factor-11 (gdf11) are closely related proteins involved in muscle cell growth and differentiation as well as neurogenesis of vertebrates. both mstn and gdf11 negatively regulate their functions. invertebrates possess a single ortholog of the mstn/gdf11 family. in order to understand the role of mstn/gdf11 in crustaceans, the gene ortholog was identified and characterized in the penaeid shrimp penaeus monodon. the overall protein sequence and specific f ...201121795562
penaeus monodon is protected against gill-associated virus by muscle injection but not oral delivery of bacterially expressed dsrnas.gill-associated virus (gav) is a nidovirus that commonly infects penaeus monodon (black tiger shrimp) in eastern australia, causing morbidity and mortalities in the acute stage of disease. here we explored the possibility of inhibiting gav replication and disease using double-stranded (ds)rnas expressed in bacteria and delivered either orally or by muscle injection. to enhance potential rna interference (rnai) responses, 5 long dsrnas were used that targeted open reading frame 1a/1b (orf1a/b) ge ...201121797032
mapping ige binding epitopes of major shrimp (penaeus monodon) allergen with immunoinformatics tools.tropomyosin, a myofibrillar protein, was described as the major allergen in crustaceans. the objective of this study was to screen and identify the linear ige epitopes of tropomyosin in penaeus monodon. three immunoinformatics tools were used to predict the potential epitopes and the resultant epitopes were confirmed by dot-blot inhibition with sera from shrimp allergic subjects. as the result, 10 peptides were predicted and assembled by solid-phase synthesis. eight epitopes were identified by d ...201121802470
Identification and cloning of a transglutaminase from giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and its transcription during pathogen infection and moulting.Complementary (c)DNA encoding transglutaminase (TG) messenger (m)RNA of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, was cloned from haemocytes by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) using oligonucleotide primers based on the TG sequence of the horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus; tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon; kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus; and crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus. The 2722-bp cDNA contained a ...201121854853
A comparative study of antimicrobial properties of crustinPm1 and crustinPm7 from the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon.Several isoforms of crustin have been identified in the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. These cationic cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides contain a single whey acidic protein (WAP) domain at the C-terminus and exhibit antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this paper, we investigate the binding properties and antimicrobial actions of crustinPm1 and crustinPm7, the two most abundant crustin isoforms found in the haemocyte of P. monodon. Previously, ...201221855569
RNA-binding domain in the nucleocapsid protein of gill-associated nidovirus of penaeid shrimp.Gill-associated virus (GAV) infects Penaeus monodon shrimp and is the type species okavirus in the Roniviridae, the only invertebrate nidoviruses known currently. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) using His(6)-tagged full-length and truncated proteins were employed to examine the nucleic acid binding properties of the GAV nucleocapsid (N) protein in vitro. The EMSAs showed full-length N protein to bind to all synthetic single-stranded (ss)RNAs tested independent of their sequence. Th ...201121857914
health risks for human intake of aquacultural fish: arsenic bioaccumulation and contamination.aquacultural tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus l.) and shrimp (penaeus monodon l.) from groundwater-cultured ponds in southwestern taiwan were analyzed to estimate arsenic (as) bioaccumulation and the potential health risk to human intake. most of aquacultural ponds exhibited higher arsenic than maximum allowed concentrations (50 μg l(-1)) in pond water of taiwan. arsenic levels in tilapia in budai, yichu and beimen were 0.92 ± 0.52 μg g(-1), 0.93 ± 0.19 μg g(-1) and 0.76 ± 0.03 μg g(-1), respect ...201121879859
cdna cloning, characterization and expression analysis of a novel antimicrobial peptide gene penaeidin-3 (fi-pen3) from the haemocytes of indian white shrimp fenneropenaeus indicus.a new member of antimicrobial peptide genes of the penaeidin family, penaeidin 3, was cloned from the haemocytes of indian white shrimp fenneropeneaus indicus (f. indicus), by reverse transcription pcr (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna end (race-pcr) methods. the complete nucleotide sequence of cdna clone of indian white shrimp f. indicus penaeidin 3 (fi-pen3) was 243bp long and has an open reading frame which encodes 80 amino acid peptide. the homology analysis of fi-pen3 sequence with o ...201121885268
Multiplex real-time PCR and high-resolution melting analysis for detection of white spot syndrome virus, yellow-head virus, and Penaeus monodon densovirus in penaeid shrimp.A multiplex real-time PCR and high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis was developed to detect simultaneously three of the major viruses of penaeid shrimp including white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), yellow-head virus (YHV), and Penaeus monodon densovirus (PmDNV). Plasmids containing DNA/cDNA fragments of WSSV and YHV, and genomic DNAs of PmDNV and normal shrimp were used to test sensitivity of the procedure. Without the need of any probe, the products were identified by HRM analysis after real-tim ...201121906627
insights into eyestalk ablation mechanism to induce ovarian maturation in the black tiger shrimp.eyestalk ablation is commonly practiced in crustacean to induce ovarian maturation in captivity. the molecular mechanism of the ablation has not been well understood, preventing a search for alternative measures to induce ovarian maturation in aquaculture. this is the first study to employ cdna microarray to examine effects of eyestalk ablation at the transcriptomic level and pathway mapping analysis to identify potentially affected biological pathways in the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) ...201121915325
bacterial community associated with the intestinal tract of p. monodon in commercial farms.the potentially important roles of intestinal bacteria on immune response, disease resistance, and nutrition for the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon have been increasingly investigated. however, so far, little is known about the intestinal bacterial community of the shrimp in the commercial aquaculture settings. in this study, the intestinal bacterial communities of juvenile p. monodon (70 individuals) from eight commercial farms in thailand were examined using 16s rdna pcr-dgge, and seven 16 ...201121915632
natural host-range and experimental transmission of laem-singh virus (lsnv).slow growth caused by viral diseases has become a major constraint in shrimp aquaculture. laem-singh virus (lsnv), a positive-sense single-stranded rna (ssrna) virus, has been identified in penaeus monodon showing slow growth syndrome. to examine the host-range and transmission modes of the virus, 6 species of penaeid shrimp of varying life stages, sourced from the wild and from farms, as well as juvenile mud crabs scylla serrata, were screened using rt-nested pcr. lsnv was detected in p. monodo ...201121991662
identification and expression analysis of the broad-complex core protein isoform 6 (br-c z6) gene in the giant tiger shrimp penaeus monodon (penaeidae: decapoda).broad-complex (br-c) is an early ecdysone-responsive gene encoding a family of zinc-finger transcription factors that function during metamorphosis in insects. we identified two full-length cdnas of br-c z6 in the giant tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon). they were 2422 and 2060 bp in length, containing open reading frames of 1440 and 1443 bp, corresponding to polypeptides of 479 and 480 amino acids, respectively. tissue distribution analysis indicated that pmbr-c z6 was abundantly expressed i ...201122002123
population genetic structure of penaeus monodon, in relation to monsoon current patterns in southwest, east and andaman coastal waters of india.the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon), a commercially important penaeid species, is widely distributed across the indo-pacific region. genetic diversity in p. monodon collected from eight geographical regions in southwest, east and andaman coastal waters of india (n=418) was investigated using 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci. average observed heterozygosity at sampled loci were high, ranging from 0.643 (coromandel coast) to 0.753 (south andaman). pairwise f(st) (ranged from 0.005 to 0.078) ...201222020227
gene silencing reveals a crucial role for anti-lipopolysaccharide factors from penaeus monodon in the protection against microbial infections.anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (alfs) are antimicrobial peptides previously identified in various crustaceans. out of five isoforms identified in penaeus monodon, alfpm3 is the best characterized, exhibits antibacterial and antifungal activities and can protect the shrimp from viral infections. herein, the most recent identified alfpm, called alfpm6, is characterized for its potential role in the shrimp's immunity. rna interference-mediated gene silencing was used to study the function of alfpm ...201222030024
A Kazal type serine proteinase SPIPm2 from the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon is capable of neutralization and protection of hemocytes from the white spot syndrome virus.A Kazal type serine proteinase SPIPm2 is abundantly expressed in the hemocytes and shown to be involved in innate immune response against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in Penaeus monodon. The SPIPm2 is expressed and stored in the granules in the cytoplasm of semigranular and granular but not the hyaline hemocytes. Upon WSSV challenge and progression of infection, the SPIPm2 was secreted readily from the semigranular and granular hemocytes. The more they secreted the SPIPm2, the less they were ...201122032902
Oral vaccination of baculovirus-expressed VP28 displays enhanced protection against White Spot Syndrome Virus in Penaeus monodon.White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is an infectious pathogen of shrimp and other crustaceans, and neither effective vaccines nor adequate treatments are currently available. WSSV is an enveloped dsDNA virus, and one of its major envelope proteins, VP28, plays a pivotal role in WSSV infection. In an attempt to develop a vaccine against WSSV, we inserted the VP28 gene into a baculovirus vector tailored to express VP28 on the baculovirus surface under the WSSV ie1 promoter (Bac-VP28). The Bac-VP28 in ...201122069450
combined effects of deltamethrin, temperature and salinity on oxidative stress biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase activity in the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon).this study aimed to investigate the interactions of two abiotic factors (temperature and salinity) and deltamethrin (pyrethroid pesticide) exposure on some oxidative stress biomarkers as well as on acetylcholinesterase activity (ache) in hepatopancreas, gills and muscle of black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon). a combination of three temperatures (24, 29 and 34°c), two salinities (15 and 25 ppt), and the absence or presence of 0.1 μg l(-1) deltamethrin was applied on shrimp during 4 d under labor ...201222075054
characterization of four lytic transducing bacteriophages of luminescent vibrio harveyi isolated from shrimp (penaeus monodon) hatcheries.four lytic bacteriophages designated as φvh1, φvh2, φvh3, and φvh4 were isolated from commercial shrimp hatcheries, possessing broad spectrum of infectivity against luminescent vibrio harveyi isolates, considering their potential as biocontrol agent of luminescent bacterial disease in shrimp hatcheries, and were characterized by electron microscopy, genomic analysis, restriction enzyme analysis (rea), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). three phages φvh1, φvh2, and φvh4 had an icosahedr ...201122092866
potential roles of transglutaminase and thioredoxin in the release of gonad-stimulating factor in penaeus monodon: implication from differential expression in the brain during ovarian maturation cycle.the synthesis of vitellogenin during ovarian maturation in crustacean is induced by gonad-stimulating factor(s) that are synthesized in the brain and thoracic ganglia. this process is negatively regulated by a gonad-inhibiting hormone (gih) from the eyestalk. this study utilized differential-display rt-pcr technique to identify putative genes in brain and thoracic ganglia that may be involved in ovarian maturation of the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon under the condition in which the expres ...201122118640
identification of major and minor allergens of black tiger prawn (penaeus monodon) and king prawn (penaeus latisulcatus).prawns and shrimp are a frequent cause of seafood allergy mediated by ige antibodies. penaeus monodon and penaeus latisulcatus, commonly known as black tiger prawn and king prawn, respectively, are among the most frequently consumed prawns in malaysia. the aim of this study was to identify the ige-binding proteins of these 2 prawn species.201122135598
dietary values of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin in penaeus monodon in the presence and absence of cholesterol supplementation: effect on growth, nutrient digestibility and tissue carotenoid composition.penaeus monodon (mean initial wet weight 1·19 (se 0·01) g) were fed seven diets in triplicate: a control diet (d1) without carotenoids; three diets formulated to supply 0·1 % astaxanthin alone (d2), 0·2 % astaxanthin alone (d3), and a combination of 0·1 % astaxanthin and 1 % cholesterol (d4); three diets with 0·07 % canthaxanthin alone (d5), 0·13 % canthaxanthin alone (d6), and a combination of 0·07 % canthaxanthin and 1 % cholesterol (d7). weight gain (wg, %), specific growth rate (sgr, %/d) an ...201122142867
Impact of mineral deposition on shrimp, Penaeus monodon in a high alkaline water.This study compares water quality parameters, shrimp growth and mortality rates, and biomass at harvest in two ponds of equal size, seeded with the same density (7 m2) of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and Monodon Baculo Virus (MBV) negative post-larvae (PL)-20 of shrimp, Penaeus monodon in the Vellar estuary of South India. The primary difference between the ponds was the water source; one was filled from the estuary and the second with water from bore wells with high alkalinity. Temperature ...201122167938
role of vitelline envelope during fertilization in the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon.animal eggs possess investments through which sperm must penetrate. the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the egg coating, the vitelline envelope, during sperm-egg interactions in the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon. the site(s) of primary binding between sperm and egg and the possible binding molecule(s) for sperm were identified. in vitro adsorption of the vitelline envelope protein onto the sperm surface showed that primary binding occurred between the sperm anterior ...201122178117
A mammalian like interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4), a TIR signaling mediator in intestinal innate immunity of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon).Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-4 (IRAK-4) has been identified as a central signal transduction mediator of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) pathways in vertebrate innate immunity. An IRAK-4 homologue was cloned from the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) (PmIRAK-4) and it shares domains and structures with other IRAK-4s. It was found to be mainly expressed in the hemocytes and midgut but also to a lower extent in several other tissues in shrimp. The ...201122182410
Mechanisms of colour adaptation in the prawn Penaeus monodon.Exposure of prawns to dark- or light-coloured substrates is known to trigger a strong colour adaptation response through expansion or contraction of the colouration structures in the prawn hypodermis. Despite the difference in colour triggered by this adaptive response, total levels of the predominant carotenoid pigment, astaxanthin, are not modified, suggesting that another mechanism is regulating this phenomenon. Astaxanthin binds to a specific protein called crustacyanin (CRCN), and it is the ...201222189778
selectively enhanced expression of prophenoloxidase activating enzyme 1 (ppae1) at a bacteria clearance site in the white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei.abstract: background: the prophenoloxidase-activating (po activating) system plays an important role in the crustacean innate immunity, particularly in wound healing and pathogen defense. a key member of this system is prophenoloxidase-activating enzyme (ppae), which is the direct activator of prophenoloxidase (propo). despite their importance in crustacean po activating system, the studies on them remain limited. results: here we report on a ppae of white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei (lvppae1) ...201122208405
molecular characterization and expression profile of map2k1ip1/mp1 gene from tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon.mapk kinase 1 interacting protein 1 (map2k1ip1) is an important scaffold proteins of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) pathway that form an active signaling module and enhance the specificity and spatiality of mapk signaling. in the present study, we identified and characterized a map2k1ip1 cdna from tiger shrimp penaeus monodon (designated as pmmap2k1ip1). the open reading frame of pmmap2k1ip1 is 372 bp encoding 123 amino-acid residues with a mapk interaction domain. the predicted pmm ...201122209950
a novel lectin domain-containing protein (lvctld) associated with response of the whiteleg shrimp penaeus (litopenaeus) vannamei to yellow head virus (yhv).when using mrna from gills of normal whiteleg shrimp penaeus (litopenaeus) vannamei as the tester and mrna from yellow head virus (yhv)-infected shrimp as the driver, subtractive suppression hybridization (ssh) revealed that a novel est clone of 198bp with a putative c-type lectin-like domain (ctld) was downregulated in yhv-infected shrimp. the clone nucleotide sequence had 99% identity with one contig mgid465425 (763bp) reported in an est database of p. vannamei, and the presence of this target ...201122214841
a pattern recognition protein binds to lipopolysaccharide and beta-1,3-glucan and activates the shrimp prophenoloxidase system.the prophenoloxidase (propo) system is activated upon recognition of pathogens by pattern recognition proteins (prps), including a lipopolysaccharide and beta-1,3-glucan binding protein (lgbp). however, shrimp lgbps that are involved in the propo system have yet to be clarified. here, we focus on characterizing the role of a penaeus monodon lgbp (pmlgbp) in the propo system. we found that pmlgbp transcripts are primarily expressed in the hemocytes and are increased at 24 h after pathogenic bacte ...201222235126
penaeus monodon tropomyosin induces cd4 t-cell proliferation in shrimp-allergic patients.shellfish allergy affects approximately 2% of the population and can cause immediate hypersensitivity reactions such as urticaria, swelling, difficulty breathing, and, in some cases, anaphylaxis. tropomyosin is the major shrimp allergen and binds ige in two-thirds of patients. a total of 38 shrimp-allergic patients and 20 negative control subjects were recruited and evaluated on the basis of history, skin prick testing, specific immunoglobulin e (ige) levels, and peripheral blood mononuclear cel ...201122244920
identification and characterization of a serine protease inhibitor (ptserpin) in the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus.serine protease inhibitors (serpins) play a key role in diverse immune biological processes. a serine protease inhibitor (serpin), namely ptserpin, was identified from the haemocyte cdna library of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus. the full-length ptserpin cdna was 1593 bp, including an open reading frame (orf) of 1227 bp encoding a polypeptide of 408 amino acids with estimated molecular mass of 45.048 kda and theoretical isoelectric point of 7.23. predicted tertiary structure of ptserpin ...201222245590
the effect of fucoidan from brown seaweed sargassum wightii on wssv resistance and immune activity in shrimp penaeus monodon (fab).the polysaccharide-fucoidan was extracted from brown seaweed sargassum wightii and characterized through ft-ir and (13)c &(1)h nmr analysis. the extracted fucoidan was supplemented with pellet diets at three different concentrations (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%). the fucoidan supplemented diets were fed to penaeusmonodon for 45 days, then challenged with wssv and the mortality percentage was recorded daily up to 21 days. during the challenge test, the control group showed 100% mortality within 10 days, bu ...201222245839
proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the lymphoid organ of vibrio harveyi-infected penaeus monodon.the protein expression profiles of the lymphoid organ, taken from mock and systemic vibrio harveyi-infected penaeus monodon at 6 and 48 h post infection, were revealed. the considerable changes in the expression level of several proteins were observed between the mock and v. harveyi-infected shrimps. from 30 analyzed protein spots with 27 differentially expressed, 21 were known proteins with the most common of these being cytoskeleton proteins (33%) which were all down-regulated upon systemic ba ...201222302389
complete genome sequence of virulence-enhancing siphophage vhs1 from vibrio harveyi.vibrio harveyi siphophage 1 (vhs1) is a tailed phage with an icosahedral head of approximately 66 nm in diameter and an unornamented, flexible tail of approximately 153 nm in length. when vibrio harveyi 1114gl is lysogenized with vhs1, its virulence for the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) increases by more than 100 times, and this coincides with production of a toxin(s) associated with shrimp hemocyte agglutination. curiously, the lysogen does not show increased virulence for the whiteleg s ...201222307287
penaeus monodon thioredoxin restores the dna binding activity of oxidized white spot syndrome virus ie1.in this study we identified viral gene targets of the important redox regulator thioredoxin (trx), and explored in depth how trx interacts with the immediate early gene #1 (ie1) of the white spot syndrome virus (wssv).201222332765
comparative efficacy of double-stranded rnas targeting wssv structural and nonstructural genes in controlling viral multiplication in penaeus monodon.rna interference (rnai) is a potential strategy to control shrimp viral diseases, including the white spot disease caused by white spot syndrome virus (wssv). selection of genes for targeting is an important criterion. we have compared the efficacy of dsrnas targeting structural (vp28 and vp281) and nonstructural genes (rr1 and dnapol) of wssv in controlling viral multiplication in penaeus monodon. targeting the rr1 and vp28 genes provided better protection (93.3% and 90% survival respectively) ...201222350694
gene expression profiling of the cephalothorax and eyestalk in penaeus monodon during ovarian maturation.in crustaceans, a range of physiological processes involved in ovarian maturation occurs in organs of the cephalothorax including the hepatopancrease, mandibular and y-organ. additionally, reproduction is regulated by neuropeptide hormones and other proteins released from secretory sites within the eyestalk. reproductive dysfunction in captive-reared prawns, penaeus monodon, is believed to be due to deficiencies in these factors. in this study, we investigated the expression of gene transcripts ...201222355268
identification of reproduction-related proteins and characterization of proteasome alpha 3 and proteasome beta 6 cdnas in testes of the giant tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.cellular proteomic analysis was carried out to identify reproduction-related proteins in testes of wild and domesticated broodstock of penaeus monodon. in total, 642 protein spots were characterized and 287 spots (44.70%) significantly matched protein sequences in the databases (p<0.05). to examine a role of the proteasome system in testicular development of p. monodon, the expression profiles of proteasome alpha 3 subunit (pmpsma3) and proteasome beta 6 (pmpsmb6) mrna in different groups of dom ...201222361323
lymphoid organ cell culture system from penaeus monodon (fabricius) as a platform for white spot syndrome virus and shrimp immune-related gene expression.shrimp cell lines are yet to be reported and this restricts the prospects of investigating the associated viral pathogens, especially white spot syndrome virus (wssv). in this context, development of primary cell cultures from lymphoid organs was standardized. poly-l-lysine-coated culture vessels enhanced growth of lymphoid cells, while the application of vertebrate growth factors did not, except insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1). susceptibility of the lymphoid cells to wssv was confirmed by ...201222372817
identification of reproduction-related proteins and characterization of the protein disulfide isomerase a6 cdna in ovaries of the giant tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.proteomic analysis was carried out for identification of proteins functionally involved in ovarian development of the giant tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon). a total of 335 protein spots including 183 spots from vitellogenic (stage ii) and 152 spots from mature (stage iv) ovaries of intact p. monodon broodstock were examined. of these, 75 (40.98%) and 59 (38.82%) spots significantly matched known proteins in the databases, respectively. in addition, 270 protein spots including 167 and 103 spots fr ...201222406237
protection of penaeus monodon against white spot syndrome virus by inactivated vaccine with herbal immunostimulants.to improve the immune response in tiger shrimp penaeus monodon against wssv infection, juveniles (350 ± 10 mg) were vaccinated with formalin-inactivated wssv and fed with herbal immunostimulants. the methanolic extracts of herbal immunostimulants such as acalypha indica, cynodon dactylon, picrorrhiza kurrooa, withania somnifera and zingiber officinalis were incorporated in formulated diets at different concentrations; 250 (ed(1)), 500 (ed(2)), 1000 (ed(3)) and 2000 (ed(4)) mg kg(-1) of feed and ...201222421013
a putative cell surface receptor for white spot syndrome virus is a member of a transporter superfamily.white spot syndrome virus (wssv), a large enveloped dna virus, can cause the most serious viral disease in shrimp and has a wide host range among crustaceans. in this study, we identified a surface protein, named glucose transporter 1 (glut1), which could also interact with wssv envelope protein, vp53a. sequence analysis revealed that glut1 is a member of a large superfamily of transporters and that it is most closely related to evolutionary branches of this superfamily, branches that function t ...201222427993
characterization of a novel binding protein for fortilin/tctp--component of a defense mechanism against viral infection in penaeus monodon.the fortilin (also known as tctp) in penaeus monodon (pmfortilin) and fortilin binding protein 1 (fbp1) have recently been shown to interact and to offer protection against the widespread white spot syndrome virus infection. however, the mechanism is yet unknown. we investigated this interaction in detail by a number of in silico and in vitro analyses, including prediction of a binding site between pmfortilin/fbp1 and docking simulations. the basis of the modeling analyses was well-conserved pmf ...201222428011
historic emergence, impact and current status of shrimp pathogens in asia.it is estimated that approximately 60% of disease losses in shrimp aquaculture have been caused by viral pathogens and 20% by bacterial pathogens. by comparison, losses to fungi and parasites have been relatively small. for bacterial pathogens, vibrio species are the most important while for viral pathogens importance has changed since 2003 when domesticated and genetically selected stocks of the american whiteleg shrimp penaeus (litopenaeus) vannamei (boone 1931) replaced the formerly dominant ...201222429834
historic emergence, impact and current status of shrimp pathogens in the americas.shrimp farming in the americas began to develop in the late 1970s into a significant industry. in its first decade of development, the technology used was simple and postlarvae (pls) produced from wild adults and wild caught pls were used for stocking farms. prior to 1990, there were no world animal health organization (oie) listed diseases, but that changed rapidly commensurate with the phenomenal growth of the global shrimp farming industry. there was relatively little international trade of l ...201222434000
molecular cloning and tissue distribution of the toll receptor in the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon.the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) is economically important in many parts of the world, including thailand. shrimp immunity is similar to that of other invertebrate organisms; it consists of an innate immunity system. toll or toll-like receptors (tlrs) play an essential role in recognizing the cleaved form of the cytokine spätzle, which is processed by a series of proteolytic cascades activated by secreted recognition molecules. we isolated a full-length toll receptor from p. monodon. the ...201222535384
feeding hermit crabs to shrimp broodstock increases their risk of wssv infection.white spot syndrome virus (wssv) is a serious shrimp pathogen that has spread globally to all major shrimp farming areas, causing enormous economic losses. here we investigate the role of hermit crabs in transmitting wssv to penaeus monodon brooders used in hatcheries in vietnam. wssv-free brooders became pcr-positive for wssv within 2 to 14 d, and the source of infection was traced to hermit crabs being used as live feed. challenging hermit crabs with wssv confirmed their susceptibility to infe ...201222535869
in vitro toxicity of nitrite on haemocytes of the tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon, using flow cytometric analysis.this study investigated the in vitro effects of nitrite on reactive oxygen species (ros) production, no production, esterase activity and cell apoptosis of penaeus monodon haemocytes. haemocytes were in vitro exposed to different dose of nitrite (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 μm). cellular responses of nitrite-treated haemocytes were determined by flow cytometry. the results revealed that haemocytes treated by nitrite in vitro showed conspicuous time- and dose-dependent decreases in ros and no produc ...201222560987
in vitro white spot syndrome virus (wssv) replication in explants of the heart of freshwater crab, paratelphusa hydrodomous.explants from different organs of freshwater crab, paratelphusa hydrodomous were prepared to establish an in vitro system for replication of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) of shrimp. heart explants were maintained for 53 days without any morphological changes in ex-cell™ 405 medium with and without serum whereas the explants of eye muscle, gill, shell membrane and appendage muscle died within 15 days of culture period. the heart explants on different days of culture were exposed to wssv for 10 ...201222575573
penaeus monodon nucleopolyhedrovirus detection using an immunochromatographic strip test.an immunochromatographic strip test is described for detection of the polyhedrin protein of penaeus monodon nucleopolyhedrovirus (pemonpv). the test employs one monoclonal antibody (mab mbv5) conjugated to colloidal gold to bind to polyhedrin protein and a 1:1:1 mixture of 3 other mabs (mbv8, 14 and 21) to capture colloidal-gold mab-protein complexes at a test (t) line on the nitrocellulose strip. a downstream control (c) line of goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin g (gam) antibody is used to capture ...201222580094
cdna cloning, characterization and expression of lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan binding protein (lgbp) gene from the indian white shrimp fenneropenaeus indicus.a 1372bp full length cdna of an lgbp gene was identified from the indian white shrimp, fenneropenaeus indicus. the open reading frame (orf) of the f. indicus lgbp (fein-lgbp) was 1164bp long, encoding a polypeptide of 388 amino acids. the fein-lgbp deduced amino acid has conserved potential recognition motif for β-1, 3 linkages of polysaccharides and putative rgd (arg-gly-asp) cell adhesion sites. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the fein-lgbp was grouped together with lgbps of other crustace ...201222609928
structure and expression of a shrimp prohormone convertase 2.although many crustacean neuroendocrine hormones have been reported, the enzymes responsible for post-translational modification of neuroendocrine hormones have rarely been characterized. a prohormone convertase 2 (pc2)-like enzyme has been isolated from the optic lobe of the giant tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon and referred as pmpc2. the full length cdna sequence of pmpc2 has been identified and found to resemble evolutionarily conserved pc2 enzymes of vertebrates and invertebrates. pmpc2 was ex ...201222634957
anti-white spot syndrome virus activity of ceriops tagal aqueous extract in giant tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.white spot syndrome virus (wssv), the most contagious pathogen of cultured shrimp, causes mass mortality, leading to huge economic loss to the shrimp industry. the lack of effective therapeutic or prophylactic measures has aggravated the situation, necessitating the development of antiviral agents. with this objective, the antiviral activity in the aqueous extract of a mangrove plant ceriops tagal in penaeus monodon was evaluated. the ceriops tagal aqueous extract (ctae) was non-toxic to shrimps ...201222643833
seasonal incidence of protozoan parasites of the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) of sundarbans, west bengal, india.there is a delicate balance between the host, pathogen and environment. aquatic organisms, including shellfish, respond directly to climatic changes in their biological environment as their metabolic processes are influenced by temperature, salinity, and oxygen levels. certain environmental conditions are more conducive to diseases than others among which water temperature is significantly associated with disease outbreak. the present study showed that peneaus monodon of sundarbans serve as a ho ...201122654317
arabidopsis-derived shrimp viral-binding protein, pmrab7 can protect white spot syndrome virus infection in shrimp.white spot syndrome virus is currently the leading cause of production losses in the shrimp industry. penaeus monodon rab7 protein has been recognized as a viral-binding protein with an efficient protective effect against white spot syndrome infection. plant-derived recombinant pmrab7 might serve as an alternative source for in-feed vaccination, considering the remarkable abilities of plant expression systems. pmrab7 was introduced into the arabidopsis thaliana t87 genome. arabidopsis-derived re ...201222659272
indel-ii region deletion sizes in the white spot syndrome virus genome correlate with shrimp disease outbreaks in southern vietnam.sequence comparisons of the genomes of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) strains have identified regions containing variable-length insertions/deletions (i.e. indels). indel-i and indel-ii, positioned between open reading frames (orfs) 14/15 and 23/24, respectively, are the largest and the most variable. here we examined the nature of these 2 indel regions in 313 wssv-infected penaeus monodon shrimp collected between 2006 and 2009 from 76 aquaculture ponds in the mekong delta region of vietnam. i ...201222691984
gene expression and characterization of a serine proteinase inhibitor pmserpin8 from the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.the ubiquitous serpins or serine proteinase inhibitors are essential for controlling proteinases in several biological processes in various organisms. a pmserpin8, one of eight serpins identified from the penaeus monodon database, is studied and reported herein. the open reading frame of pmserpin8 gene derived from a genomic gene contains 5 exons of 320, 139, 244, 239 and 312 bp separated by 4 introns of 447, 657, 326 and 479 bp. the pmserpin8 gene is highly expressed at nauplius stage and gradu ...201222738762
distribution of putative virulence genes and antimicrobial drug resistance in vibrio harveyi.the marine-estuarine bacterium vibrio harveyi is an important pathogen of invertebrates, most significantly, the larvae of commercially important shrimp penaeus monodon. in this study, we analyzed v. harveyi isolated from shrimp hatchery environments for understanding the distribution of putative virulence genes and antimicrobial drug resistance. the putative genes targeted for pcr detection included four reversible toxin (rtx)/hemolysin genes, a gene encoding homologue of vibriocholerae zonula ...201122754012
two plasmolipins from the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon and their response to virus pathogens.two isoforms of plasmolipin were initially identified from the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) est database and completed using 50 race to reveal complete cdnas of 558 bp (pmplp1) and 537 bp(pmplp2) with 87% nucleotide sequence identity. the deduced amino acid sequences contained four-transmembrane domains and showed the highest amino acid identity (49% and 51%, respectively) to the honey bee (apis mellifera) chemokine-like factor (cklf), with a very similar hydrophobic pattern to other pla ...201222766100
farm level and geographic predictors of antibiotic use in sri lankan shrimp farms.black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon farming is important for sri lanka's rural development plans. consumer confidence is critical for the development and maintenance of export and domestic shrimp markets. public concern about the use of antimicrobial drugs and chemicals on shrimp farms, however, could threaten market access. we sought to identify high-risk areas and farm-level risk factors for antimicrobial use to inform the core messages and strategic placement of extension programs to help farm ...201222779210
sodium alginate from sargassum wightii retards mortalities in penaeus monodon postlarvae challenged with white spot syndrome virus.sodium alginate extracted from brown seaweed sargassum wightii (16.35 ± 1.42%, mean [±sd] yield from 5 extractions) was prepared as a powder or beads and used to enrich artemia nauplii at concentrations of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg l-1. the alginate-enriched nauplii were fed to penaeus monodon shrimp postlarvae (pl) stage 15 (pl15, i.e. 15 d old) for 20 d. mean weight gain and specific growth rate over this period were 0.24 g and 15.8%, respectively, in pl groups not fed alginate, and 0.20-0.28 g ...201222832717
[mass spectrometry identification and immune cross-reactivity of a minor shrimp allergen-sarcoplasmic calcium binding protein from litopenaeus vannamei].to identify sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein (scp) as a minor shrimp allergen by mass spectrometry, and to analyze the immune cross-reactivity among crustacean scps.201222863586
molecular cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding extracellular signal-regulated kinase from litopenaeus vannamei.extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) is a serine/threonine-specific kinase, which is activated by downstream signaling molecules of cellular activation, cytokine and chemokine stimulation and various other stimuli. here we cloned an erk gene from litopenaeus vannamei and designated it as lverk. the lverk cdna contained an open reading frame of 1098 bp encoding 365 amino acids. lverk had a conserved tey motif and serine/threonine protein kinase (s_tkc) domain, and close phylogenetic relati ...201222884486
low numbers of repeat units in variable number of tandem repeats (vntr) regions of white spot syndrome virus are correlated with disease outbreaks.white spot syndrome virus (wssv) is the most important pathogen in shrimp farming systems worldwide including the mekong delta, vietnam. the genome of wssv is characterized by the presence of two major 'indel regions' found at orf14/15 and orf23/24 (wssv-thailand) and three regions with variable number tandem repeats (vntr) located in orf75, orf94 and orf125. in the current study, we investigated whether or not the number of repeat units in the vntrs correlates with virus outbreak status and/or ...201222913744
the socs and stat from jak/stat signaling pathway of kuruma shrimp marsupenaeus japonicus: molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis.signal transducer and activators of transcription (stat) gene, suppressors of cytokine signaling (socs) has been isolated from kuruma shrimp, marsupenaeus japonicus and characterized. the kuruma shrimp stat (mjstat) cdna was composed of 2901 bp consisting of 801 amino acid residues which includes a protein interaction domain, all alpha domain, dna binding domain and sh2 domain. homology analysis of mjstat showed 94.1% and 34.0% identities with penaeus monodon stat (pmstat) and drosophila melanog ...201322921512
evidence for the presence of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) and monodon baculovirus (mbv) in wild penaeus monodon (fabricius) broodstock, in the southeast coast of india.a survey on the presence of the viruses of two economically significant diseases, white spot syndrome virus (wssv) and monodon baculovirus (mbv) in wild-collected penaeus monodon broodstock, was conducted during different seasons of the year in two major coastal areas of southeast india. the broodstock were collected along the coast of tamil nadu and andhra pradesh during summer, premonsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons for three consecutive years. a total of 7905 samples were collected and ...201222924635
high efficacy of white spot syndrome virus replication in tissues of freshwater rice-field crab, paratelphusa hydrodomous (herbst).an attempt was made to determine the replication efficiency of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) of shrimp in different organs of freshwater rice-field crab, paratelphusa hydrodomous (herbst), using bioassay, pcr, rt-pcr, elisa, western blot and real-time pcr analyses, and also to use this crab instead of penaeid shrimp for the large-scale production of wssv. this crab was found to be highly susceptible to wssv by intramuscular injection. pcr and western blot analyses confirmed the systemic wssv ...201222943699
cloning, expression, and localization of two types of fast skeletal myosin heavy chain genes from black tiger and pacific white shrimps.the physiology and biochemistry of skeletal muscles in shrimps have been poorly understood compared with those from vertebrates. the present study was conducted focusing on myosin, the major protein in skeletal muscle, from adult specimens of black tiger penaeus monodon and pacific white penaeus vannamei shrimps. two genes encoding myosin heavy chain (mhc), a large subunit of the myosin molecule, were cloned from abdominal fast skeletal muscle and defined as mhca and mhcb according to our previo ...201222952142
genetic analysis of black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) across its natural distribution range reveals more recent colonization of fiji and other south pacific islands.the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) has a natural distribution range from east africa to the south pacific islands. although previous studies of indo-pacific p. monodon have found populations from the indian ocean and australasia to differ genetically, their relatedness to south pacific shrimp remains unknown. to address this, polymorphisms at eight shared microsatellite loci and haplotypes in a 418-bp mtdna-cr (control region) sequence were examined across 682 p. monodon from locations spr ...201222957205
effect of the anti-lipopolysaccharide factor isoform 3 (alfpm3) from penaeus monodon on vibrio harveyi cells.the anti-lipopolysaccharide factor isoform 3 from penaeus monodon (alfpm3) has previously been shown to have very active in vitro antimicrobial activity against a broad range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, certain fungi and viruses, including known pathogens of p. monodon shrimp. with respect to the strong bactericidal effect on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, the alfpm3 binds to their principal cell wall components, lipopolysaccharide (lps) and lipoteichoic acid (lta), w ...201223000267
the n-terminal glycine-rich and cysteine-rich regions are essential for antimicrobial activity of crustinpm1 from the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.an antimicrobial protein crustinpm1 from penaeus monodon is a wap domain-containing protein with an antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria but does not have antiproteinase activity. the lack of antiproteinase is speculated to be due to the p(1)' met and/or the length of spacing between the conserved cys2 and cys3 while the antimicrobial activity may be due to the n-terminal gly-rich and cys-rich regions. in this study, the p(1)-p(1)' and the n-terminal gly-rich and cys-rich region ...201223010251
changes in oviduct structure in the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon, during ovarian maturation.to examine the structure of the oviduct of the shrimp penaeus monodon.201223024052
molecular cloning and mrna expression of m-phase phosphoprotein 6 gene in black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon).it is widely accepted that protein phosphorylation is a major control event in regulating cell cycle. in the present study, a novel m-phase phosphoprotein 6 (mpp6) was identified from black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon (designated as pmmpp6) by cdna library and race approaches. the full-length cdna of pmmpp6 was of 690 bp, including a 5'-terminal un-translated region (5'utr) of 68 bp, a 3'utr of 172 bp with a poly (a) tail, and an open reading frame (orf) of 450 bp encoding a polypeptide of 149 ...201323065290
apoptosis of tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) haemocytes induced by escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide.this study was aimed at investigating the toxicity mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (lps) on penaeus monodon haemocytes at a cellular level. reactive oxygen species (ros) production, nitric oxide (no) production, non-specific esterase activity, cytoplasmic free-ca(2+) (cf-ca(2+)) concentration, dna damaged cell ratio and apoptotic cell ratio of in vitro lps-treated haemocytes were measured by flow cytometry. two concentrations of escherichia coli lps (5 and 10 μg ml(-1)) were used. results showed ...201323073356
shrimp alpha-2-macroglobulin prevents the bacterial escape by inhibiting fibrinolysis of blood clots.proteomic analysis of the hemocytic proteins of penaeus monodon (pm) has previously shown that alpha-2-macroglobulin (a2m) was among the proteins that showed substantially altered expression levels upon vibrio harveyi infection. therefore, in this study its potentially important role in the response of shrimp to bacterial infection was further characterized. the yeast two-hybrid system revealed that the receptor binding domain of pma2m interacted with the carboxyl-terminus of one or both of the ...201223082160
characterization of complement 1q binding protein of tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon, and its c1q binding activity.the receptor for the globular heads of c1q, c1qbp/gc1qr/p33, is a multicompartmental, multifunctional cellular protein with an important role in infection and in inflammation. in the present study, we identified and characterized the complement component 1q subcomponent binding protein (c1qbp) from the tiger shrimp penaeus monodon (designated as pmc1qbp). the open reading frame of pmc1qbp encodes 262 amino acid residues with a conserved mam33 domain, an arginine-glycine-aspartate cell adhesion m ...201323085472
truncated vp28 as oral vaccine candidate against wssv infection in shrimp: an uptake and processing study in the midgut of penaeus monodon.several oral vaccination studies have been undertaken to evoke a better protection against white spot syndrome virus (wssv), a major shrimp pathogen. formalin-inactivated virus and wssv envelope protein vp28 were suggested as candidate vaccine components, but their uptake mechanism upon oral delivery was not elucidated. in this study the fate of these components and of live wssv, orally intubated to black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) was investigated by immunohistochemistry, employing antibodi ...201323108255
the vp37-binding protein f1atp synthase β subunit involved in wssv infection in shrimp litopenaeus vannamei.to investigate the interaction between white spot syndrome virus (wssv)-vp37 and gill membrane proteins (gmps) of pacific white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei), the vp37 protein was expressed and purified, and a distinct 53 kda vp37-binding protein band was identified in gmps by virus overlay protein binding assay and gst pull-down assay. by electroelution, the vp37 binding protein was purified and identified as f(1)atp synthase β (f(1)atpase β) subunit by mass spectrometry. the purified f(1)atpas ...201323108256
flow cytometric analysis of in vitro cytotoxicity of cadmium in haemocytes from the tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon.this study investigated the toxic effects of cadmium on viability, reactive oxygen species (ros) production and non-specific esterase activity of penaeus monodon haemocytes in vitro, using a flow cytometric assay. after 6 h in vitro exposure with 10(-9)-10(-3) m cd(2+), cell viability, ros production and esterase activity of haemocytes from p. monodon were determined. results showed that at the lowest exposures (10(-9)-10(-6 )m), cd(2+) induced no effect on cell viability, ros production and est ...201323135305
interaction between shrimp and white spot syndrome virus through pmrab7-vp28 complex: an insight using simulation and docking studies.white spot disease is a devastating disease of shrimp penaeus monodon in which the shrimp receptor protein pmrab7 interacts with viral envelop protein vp28 to form pmrab7-vp28 complex, which causes initiation of the disease. the molecular mechanism implicated in the disease, the dynamic behavior of proteins as well as interaction between both the biological counterparts that crafts a micro-environment feasible for entry of virus into the shrimp is still unknown. in the present study, we applied ...201323179770
molecular cloning and functional expression of allergenic sarcoplasmic calcium-binding proteins from penaeus shrimps.sarcoplasmic calcium-binding proteins (scps) have recently been identified as crustacean allergens. however, information on their primary structures is very limited and no recombinant scp (rscp) as an alternative of natural scp (nscp) is available. this study was aimed to elucidate primary structures of scps from two species of penaeus shrimp (black tiger shrimp and kuruma shrimp) by cdna cloning and to produce a black tiger shrimp rscp preparation that is comparable in ige reactivity to nscp.201323180551
identification and molecular characterization of a c-type lectin-like protein from chinese shrimp (fenneropenaeus chinensis).a c-type lectin-like protein was cloned and characterized from the chinese shrimp fenneropenaeus chinensis, and named as fcctl. the results indicated that the full length cdna of 859 bp had an open reading frame encoded a polypeptide of 220 amino acids with one carbohydrate-recognition domain, six conserved cys and one key motif epgd. the theoretical molecular weight and pi of mature protein was 25.3 kda and 5.4. sequence comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of fcctl showed varied ident ...201323192616
isolation and characterization of homologous trbp cdna for rna interference in penaeus monodon.the transactivation response rna-binding protein (trbp) interacts with dicer and binds to double-stranded rna as a critical component of the rna-induced silencing complex, which is a key complex in the rna interference pathway. the full-length cdna of trbp from the tiger prawn, penaeus monodon, (pmtrbp; 1548 bp long with a 1029 bp coding region) was isolated. the encoded polypeptide of 343 amino acids had a predicted molecular mass of 36.8 kda. sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis indicat ...201323207479
comparative seasonal sterol profiles in edible parts of mediterranean fish and shellfish species.the effect of different seasons on sterol content of seafoods was investigated. there were four sterols (cholesterol, sitosterol, desmosterol and stigmasterol) identified, with cholesterol being the predominant sterol. stigmasterol was a minor component in fish muscle, whilst sitosterol was one of the main phytosterols found in fish muscle. cholesterol content of fish consisted of 38-100% of total sterols in fish and 54-80% of total sterols in shellfish. the highest cholesterol content of fish m ...201323216341
rapid and sensitive detection of shrimp yellow head virus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick.yellow head virus (yhv) is a highly virulent pathogen that has caused severe mortality in cultivated shrimp (penaeus monodon and penaeus vannamei) in thailand. there are several technologies that are applied to detect yhv for further control of the disease. rt-pcr is currently widely used in the laboratory, but it has some disadvantages related to cost, time-consuming and complexity. an alternative assay combines rt with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) that not only provides high s ...201323219929
in silico characterization of the insect diapause-associated protein couch potato (cpo) in calanus finmarchicus (crustacea: copepoda).couch potato (cpo) is an rna-binding protein involved in the regulation of nervous system development and adult diapause in insects. within insects, this protein is highly conserved, yet it has not been identified in another large arthropod group, the crustacea. here, functional genomics was used to identify putative cpo homologs in the copepod calanus finmarchicus, a planktonic crustacean that undergoes seasonal diapause. in silico mining of expressed sequence tag (est) and 454 pyrosequencing d ...201223262277
marine yeast candida aquaetextoris s527 as a potential immunostimulant in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.a marine yeast candida aquaetextoris s527 as a source of immunostimulant in penaeus monodon was studied. yeast diet was prepared by incorporating 10% c. aquaetextoris s527 biomass into a standard shrimp diet and administered in p. monodon at different frequencies (daily, once in three days, once in seven days and once in ten days) followed by challenge with white spot syndrome virus (wssv). immune parameters such as total protein, total hemocyte count, pro-phenoloxidase, nitroblue tetrazolium re ...201223262396
validation of reference genes for real-time pcr of reproductive system in the black tiger shrimp.gene expression of reproductive system of the black tiger shrimp (peneaus monodon) has been widely studied to address poor maturation problem in captivity. however, a systematic evaluation of reference genes in quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) for p. monodon reproductive organs is lacking. in this study, the stability of four potential reference genes (18s rrna, gapdh, β-actin, and ef1-α) was examined in the reproductive tissues in various conditions using bioinformatic tools: normfinder and ge ...201223285145
experimental evidence for white spot syndrome virus (wssv) susceptibility linked to a microsatellite dna marker in giant black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon (fabricius). 201323298366
penaeus monodon tudor staphylococcal nuclease preferentially interacts with n-terminal domain of argonaute-1.rna interference (rnai) plays a crucial role as an antiviral defense in several organisms including plants and invertebrates. an understanding of rnai machineries especially protein components of the rna-induced silencing complex (risc) is essential for prior to applying rnai as a tool for viral protective immunity in shrimp. tudor staphylococcal nuclease (tsn) is an evolutionarily conserved protein and is one of the risc components. in previous study, suppression of penaeus monodon tsn (pmtsn) ...201323333357
phosphorylation is required for myosin regulatory light chain (pmmrlc) to control yellow head virus infection in shrimp hemocytes.the cellular signal-transduction process is largely controlled by protein phosphorylation. shrimp infected with yellow head virus show dramatic changes in their hemocyte phosphoproteomic patterns, and aberrant activation of phosphorylation-based signaling networks has been implicated in a number of diseases. in this study, we focused on phosphorylation of penaeus monodon myosin regulatory light chain (pmmrlc) that is induced at an early hour post yhv infection and is concomitant with cellular ac ...201323337109
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