Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| epidemiological characteristics of imported and locally-acquired malaria in singapore. | the objective of the study was to determine the trend of malaria, the epidemiological characteristics, the frequency of local transmission and the preventive and control measures taken. | 2009 | 19890574 |
| knowlesi malaria in vietnam. | the simian malaria parasite plasmodium knowlesi is transmitted in the forests of southeast asia. symptomatic zoonotic knowlesi malaria in humans is widespread in the region and is associated with a history of spending time in the jungle. however, there are many settings where knowlesi transmission to humans would be expected but is not found. a recent report on the ra-glai population of southern central vietnam is taken as an example to help explain why this may be so. | 2009 | 19941646 |
| severe malaria - a case of fatal plasmodium knowlesi infection with post-mortem findings: a case report. | zoonotic malaria caused by plasmodium knowlesi is an important, but newly recognized, human pathogen. for the first time, post-mortem findings from a fatal case of knowlesi malaria are reported here. | 2010 | 20064229 |
| plasmodium knowlesi malaria in vietnam: some clarifications. | a recently published comment on a report of plasmodium knowlesi infections in vietnam states that this may not accurately represent the situation in the study area because the pcr primers used may cross-hybridize with plasmodium vivax. nevertheless, p. knowlesi infections have been confirmed by sequencing. in addition, a neighbour-joining tree based on the 18s s-type ssurrna gene shows that the vietnamese samples clearly cluster with the p. knowlesi isolates identified in malaysia and are distin ... | 2010 | 20082717 |
| [plasmodium knowlesi: cause of naturally acquired malaria in humans]. | 2010 | 20146160 | |
| [a fifth plasmodium that can cause malaria]. | since 2004, malaria with a "fifth" plasmodium, plasmodium knowlesi (common in macaque monkeys), has been diagnosed in a number of people in southeast asia. this article gives a short overview of the epidemiology, clinical picture, diagnostics and treatment of p. knowlesi infection. | 2010 | 20160773 |
| the pigment of the malarial parasites plasmodium knowlesi and plasmodium gallinaceum. | 1947 | 20270803 | |
| studies on malarial parasites; effects of ascorbic acid on malaria (plasmodium knowlesi) in monkeys. | 1946 | 20277733 | |
| [malaria and other risks]. | 2010 | 20334791 | |
| plasmodium knowlesi in human, indonesian borneo. | plasmodium knowlesi is now established as the fifth plasmodium species to cause malaria in humans. we describe a case of p. knowlesi infection acquired in indonesian borneo that was imported into australia. clinicians need to consider this diagnosis in a patient who has acquired malaria in forest areas of southeast asia. | 2010 | 20350383 |
| small variant surface antigens and plasmodium evasion of immunity. | antigenic variation at the plasmodium-infected erythrocyte surface plays a critical role in malaria disease severity and host immune evasion. our current understanding of the role of plasmodium variant surface antigens in antigenic variation and immune evasion is largely limited to the extensive work carried out on the plasmodium falciparum var gene family. although homologues of var genes are not present in other malaria species, small variant gene families comprising the rif and stevor genes i ... | 2010 | 20353305 |
| evidence for negative selection on the gene encoding rhoptry-associated protein 1 (rap-1) in plasmodium spp. | assessing how natural selection, negative or positive, operates on genes with low polymorphism is challenging. we investigated the genetic diversity of orthologous genes encoding the rhoptry-associated protein 1 (rap-1), a low polymorphic protein of malarial parasites that is involved in erythrocyte invasion. we applied evolutionary genetic methods to study the polymorphism in rap-1 from plasmodium falciparum (n=32) and plasmodium vivax (n=6), the two parasites responsible for most human malaria ... | 2010 | 20363375 |
| plasmodium cdp-dag synthase: an atypical gene with an essential n-terminal extension. | cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol synthase (cds) diverts phosphatidic acid towards the biosynthesis of cdp-dag, an obligatory liponucleotide intermediate in anionic phospholipid biosynthesis. the 78kda predicted plasmodium falciparum cds (pfcds) is recovered as a 50 kda conserved c-terminal cytidylyltransferase domain (c-pfcds) and a 28kda fragment that corresponds to the unusually long hydrophilic asparagine-rich n-terminal extension (n-pfcds). here, we show that the two fragments of pfcds ar ... | 2010 | 20385136 |
| structure-based design of novel small-molecule inhibitors of plasmodium falciparum. | malaria is endemic in most developing countries, with nearly 500 million cases estimated to occur each year. the need to design a new generation of antimalarial drugs that can combat the most drug-resistant forms of the malarial parasite is well recognized. in this study, we wanted to develop inhibitors of key proteins that form the invasion machinery of the malarial parasite. a critical feature of host-cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites is the interaction between the carboxy terminal tail ... | 2010 | 20426475 |
| [emerging and spread of the fifth plasmodium spp. pathogenic for human malaria: plasmodium knowlesi]. | the beginning of the third millennium has been characterized by the emerging and progressive characterization of a novel malaria plasmodium pathogen of simian origin (plasmodium knowlesi), which now represents the fifth human malaria parasite. evolutionary, environmental, and diagnostic-clinical features are briefly outlined on the ground of the most recent literature evidences. | 2010 | 20433003 |
| prophylactic and curative activities of extracts from warburgia ugandensis sprague (canellaceae) and zanthoxylum usambarense (engl.) kokwaro (rutaceae) against plasmodium knowlesi and plasmodium berghei. | this work reports the anti-plasmodial activities of warburgia ugandensis and zanthoxylum usambarense commonly used as phytomedicines against malaria by some kenyan communities. | 2010 | 20435133 |
| evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method as a tool for diagnosis of infection by the zoonotic simian malaria parasite plasmodium knowlesi. | loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is a novel method that rapidly amplifies target dna with high specificity under isothermal conditions. it has been applied as a diagnostic tool for several infectious diseases, including viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases. in the present study, we developed a lamp method for the molecular diagnosis of plasmodium knowlesi infection (pklamp) and evaluated its sensitivity, specificity, and clinical applicability. we designed three sets of pklamp p ... | 2010 | 20444968 |
| [monkey malaria in a traveller from malaysia]. | 2010 | 20456798 | |
| [plasmodium knowlesi--the fifth species causing human malaria]. | four species have been known to bring on human malaria, the most severe disease being caused by plasmodium falciparum. in 2007, after returning from malaysia, a finnish tourist was found to be infected with a fifth plasmodium species, p. knowlesi which usually infects macaques. over the past few years, hundreds of human cases have been found in malaysia. the clinical disease caused by p. knowlesi appears less severe than p. falciparum infection, but more severe than infection with other malaria- ... | 2010 | 20486493 |
| diagnostic difficulties with plasmodium knowlesi infection in humans. | 2010 | 20507769 | |
| plasmodium knowlesi in humans: a review on the role of its vectors in malaysia. | plasmodium knowlesi in humans is life threatening, is on the increase and has been reported from most states in malaysia. anopheles latens and anopheles cracens have been incriminated as vectors. malaria is now a zoonoses and is occurring in malaria free areas of malaysia. it is also a threat to eco-tourism. the importance of the vectors and possible control measures is reviewed here. | 2010 | 20562807 |
| management of plasmodium knowlesi malaria without pcr confirmation. | plasmodium knowlesi morphologically resembles p. malariae; pcr assays are able to differentiate between the 2 species correctly. however, pcr is not available in many hospitals in p. knowlesi endemic areas, particularly in southeast asia. in places where pcr is not available, anti-malarial drugs for p. malariae or other non-p. falciparum or p. falciparum species are effective against p. knowlesi. even with a wrong diagnosis of another malaria species by light microscopy instead of p. knowlesi, t ... | 2010 | 20578477 |
| molecular epidemiological investigation of plasmodium knowlesi in humans and macaques in singapore. | singapore reported its first locally acquired human plasmodium knowlesi infection in 2007, involving a soldier who had undergone training in a forested area where long-tailed macaques are frequently seen. comprehensive disease surveillance and monitoring system that was set up after the initial case detected four additional human p. knowlesi cases in 2007 and one in 2008. all involved military personnel who had undergone training in the forested area, and none had traveled out of singapore 1 mon ... | 2011 | 20586605 |
| [a new, sixth human malaria parasite]. | 2010 | 20589791 | |
| first case of detection of plasmodium knowlesi in spain by real time pcr in a traveller from southeast asia. | previously, plasmodium knowlesi was not considered as a species of plasmodium that could cause malaria in human beings, as it is parasite of long-tailed (macaca fascicularis) and pig-tailed (macaca nemestrina) macaques found in southeast asia. a case of infection by p. knowlesi is described in a spanish traveller, who came back to spain with daily fever after his last overseas travel, which was a six-month holiday in forested areas of southeast asia between 2008 and 2009. his p. knowlesi infecti ... | 2010 | 20663184 |
| malaria: what can apes teach humans? | 2010 | 20722593 | |
| clinical and parasitological response to oral chloroquine and primaquine in uncomplicated human plasmodium knowlesi infections. | plasmodium knowlesi is a cause of symptomatic and potentially fatal infections in humans. there are no studies assessing the detailed parasitological response to treatment of knowlesi malaria infections in man and whether antimalarial resistance occurs. | 2010 | 20723228 |
| co-infections with plasmodium knowlesi and other malaria parasites, myanmar. | to determine the frequency of co-infections with plasmodium species in southern myanmar, we investigated the prevalence of p. knowlesi. more than 20% of patients with malaria had p. knowlesi infection, which occurred predominantly as a co-infection with either p. falciparum or p. vivax. | 2010 | 20735938 |
| complication of corticosteroid treatment by acute plasmodium malariae infection confirmed by small-subunit rrna sequencing. | we report a case of acute plasmodium malariae infection complicating corticosteroid treatment for membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in a patient from an area where p. malariae infection is not endemic. a peripheral blood smear showed typical band-form trophozoites compatible with p. malariae or plasmodium knowlesi. ssu rrna sequencing confirmed the identity to be p. malariae. | 2010 | 20739487 |
| observations on infection by plasmodium knowlesi (ape malaria) in the treatment of general paralysis of the insane. | 1935 | 20779410 | |
| the emerging of the fifth malaria parasite (plasmodium knowlesi): a public health concern? | after examining the most recent scientific evidences, which assessed the role of some malaria plasmodia that have monkeys as natural reservoirs, the authors focus their attention on plasmodium knowlesi. the infective foci attributable to this last plasmodium species have been identified during the last decade in malaysia, in particular in the states of sarawak and sabah (malaysian borneo), and in the pahang region (peninsular malaysia). the significant relevance of molecular biology assays (poly ... | 2010 | 20835518 |
| comparative genomic analysis of simple sequence repeats in three plasmodium species. | simple sequence repeats (ssrs) are known to be responsible for genetic complexities and play major roles in gene and genome evolution. to this respect, malaria parasites are known to have rapidly evolving and complex genomes with complicated and differential pathogenic behaviors. hence, by studying the whole genome comparative ssrs patterns, one can understand genomic complexities and differential evolutionary patterns of these species. we herein utilized the whole genome sequence information of ... | 2010 | 20924609 |
| identification and characterization of the plasmodium vivax thrombospondin-related apical merozoite protein. | malaria caused by plasmodium vivax is a major public health problem worldwide that affects 70-80 million people in the middle east, asia, western pacific, south america and the caribbean. despite its epidemiological importance, few antigens from this parasite species have been characterized to date compared to plasmodium falciparum, due in part to the difficulties of maintaining an in vitro culture of p. vivax. this study describes the identification of the p. falciparum thrombospondin-related a ... | 2010 | 20942952 |
| chemotherapy of plasmodium knowlesi infections in macaca mulatta monkeys. | 1946 | 20983207 | |
| chemotherapy of plasmodium knowlesi infections in macaca mulatta monkeys. | 1946 | 20994722 | |
| knowlesi malaria in monkeys; microscopic pathological circulatory physiology of rhesus monkeys during acute plasmodium knowlesi malaria. | 1945 | 21016051 | |
| modelling knowlesi malaria transmission in humans: vector preference and host competence. | plasmodium knowlesi, a malaria species that normally infects long-tailed macaques, was recently found to be prevalent in humans in southeast asia. while human host competency has been demonstrated experimentally, the extent to which the parasite can be transmitted from human back to mosquito vector in nature is unclear. | 2010 | 21080968 |
| a taqman real-time pcr assay for the detection and quantitation of plasmodium knowlesi. | the misdiagnosis of plasmodium knowlesi by microscopy has prompted a re-evaluation of the geographic distribution, prevalence and pathogenesis of this species using molecular diagnostic tools. in this report, a specific probe for p. knowlesi, that can be used in a previously described taqman real-time pcr assay for detection of plasmodium spp., and plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale, was designed and validated against clinical samples. | 2010 | 21114872 |
| the position of mefloquine as a 21st century malaria chemoprophylaxis. | malaria chemoprophylaxis prevents the occurrence of the symptoms of malaria. travellers to high-risk plasmodium falciparum endemic areas need an effective chemoprophylaxis. | 2010 | 21143906 |
| identification of the five human plasmodium species including p. knowlesi by real-time polymerase chain reaction. | recently, plasmodium knowlesi has been recognised as the fifth plasmodium species causing malaria in humans. hundreds of human cases infected with this originally simian plasmodium species have been described in asian countries and increasing numbers are reported in europe from travellers. the growing impact of tourism and economic development in south and southeast asia are expected to subsequently lead to a further increase in cases both among locals and among travellers. p. knowlesi is easily ... | 2010 | 21161559 |
| de novo origin of new genes with introns in plasmodium vivax. | the origin of new genes is critical for organisms adapting to new niches. here, we present evidence for a recent de novo origin of at least 13 protein-coding genes in the genome of plasmodium vivax. although recently de novo originated genes have often been suggested to be initially intronless, five of the genes identified in our analysis contain introns in their coding regions. further investigations revealed that these introns likely evolved from previously intergenic regions together with the ... | 2011 | 21241695 |
| human plasmodium knowlesi infections in klang valley, peninsula malaysia: a case series. | we report seven cases of naturally acquired human plasmodium knowlesi infections which were admitted to our centre from july 2007 till june 2008. diagnosis was confirmed by nested pcr. cases of p. knowlesi infections, dubbed the fifth type of human malaria, have been reported in east malaysia (sabah and sarawak) as well as in the state of pahang in peninsula malaysia. these seven patients appear to be the first few reported cases of p. knowlesi infection in the klang valley, peninsula malaysia. ... | 2010 | 21265252 |
| malaria infection by sporozoite challenge induces high functional antibody titres against blood stage antigens after a dna prime, poxvirus boost vaccination strategy in rhesus macaques. | a dna prime, poxvirus (copak) boost vaccination regime with four antigens, i.e. a combination of two plasmodium knowlesi sporozoite (csp/ssp2) and two blood stage (ama1/msp142) genes, leads to self-limited parasitaemia in 60% of rhesus monkeys and survival from an otherwise lethal infection with p. knowlesi. in the present study, the role of the blood stage antigens in protection was studied in depth, focusing on antibody formation against the blood stage antigens and the functionality thereof. | 2011 | 21303498 |
| imported plasmodium knowlesi malaria in a french tourist returning from thailand. | we report a case of imported plasmodium knowlesi malaria in a french tourist following a vacation in thailand. this case shows, first, tourists may contract knowlesi malaria even only staying on the beach and second, the diagnosis remains difficult, even with polymerase chain reaction methods. | 2011 | 21460005 |
| plasmodium knowlesi in a traveller returning to new zealand. | the recent discovery that plasmodium knowlesi causes malaria in human populations, established it as the fifth species of plasmodium that may do so. a case of p. knowlesi malaria is described in a helicopter pilot from new zealand, who became ill after returning from recurring visits to malaysian borneo in june 2010. his p. knowlesi infection was not detected using microscopic examination and a rapid diagnostic test for malaria, but was confirmed by both pcr (polymerase chain reaction) and seque ... | 2011 | 21481643 |
| antimalarial effects of human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors in rhesus macaques. | the antimalarial activity of the human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors indinavir and saquinavir was evaluated in rhesus macaques for the first time. indinavir effectively suppressed the growth of plasmodium cynomolgi and plasmodium knowlesi in vivo after a 7- or 3-day treatment, respectively, with clinically relevant doses, whereas saquinavir showed only weak activity against p. cynomolgi. | 2011 | 21486958 |
| plasmodium knowlesi: reservoir hosts and tracking the emergence in humans and macaques. | plasmodium knowlesi, a malaria parasite originally thought to be restricted to macaques in southeast asia, has recently been recognized as a significant cause of human malaria. unlike the benign and morphologically similar p. malariae, these parasites can lead to fatal infections. malaria parasites, including p. knowlesi, have not yet been detected in macaques of the kapit division of malaysian borneo, where the majority of human knowlesi malaria cases have been reported. in order to extend our ... | 2011 | 21490952 |
| plasmodium knowlesi malaria in children. | plasmodium knowlesi can cause severe malaria in adults; however, descriptions of clinical disease in children are lacking. we reviewed case records of children (age <15 years) with a malaria diagnosis at kudat district hospital, serving a largely deforested area of sabah, malaysia, during january-november 2009. sixteen children with pcr-confirmed p. knowlesi monoinfection were compared with 14 children with p. falciparum monoinfection diagnosed by microscopy or pcr. four children with knowlesi m ... | 2011 | 21529389 |
| improved performance with saliva and urine as alternative dna sources for malaria diagnosis by mitochondrial dna-based pcr assays. | clin microbiol infect abstract: saliva and urine from malaria-infected individuals contain trace amounts of plasmodium dna, and therefore, could be used as alternative specimens for diagnosis. a nested pcr targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cytb-pcr) of four human malaria species and plasmodium knowlesi was developed and tested with 693 blood samples from febrile patients living in diverse malaria-endemic areas of thailand, and compared with microscopy and nested pcr targeting small- ... | 2011 | 21595789 |
| review of cases with the emerging fifth human malaria parasite, plasmodium knowlesi. | human malaria has been known to be caused by 4 plasmodium species, with plasmodium falciparum causing the most-severe disease. recently, numerous reports have described human malaria caused by a fifth plasmodium species, plasmodium knowlesi, which usually infects macaque monkeys. hundreds of human cases have been reported from malaysia, several cases have been reported in other southeast asian countries, and a few cases have been reported in travelers visiting these areas. similarly to p. falcip ... | 2011 | 21596677 |
| vaccination with plasmodium knowlesi ama1 formulated in the novel adjuvant co-vaccine ht™ protects against blood-stage challenge in rhesus macaques. | plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (pfama1) is a leading blood stage vaccine candidate. plasmodium knowlesi ama1 (pkama1) was produced and purified using similar methodology as for clinical grade pfama1 yielding a pure, conformational intact protein. combined with the adjuvant covaccine ht™, pkama1 was found to be highly immunogenic in rabbits and the efficacy of the pkama1 was subsequently tested in a rhesus macaque blood-stage challenge model. six rhesus monkeys were vaccinated wi ... | 2011 | 21655233 |
| anti-inflammatory cytokines predominate in acute human plasmodium knowlesi infections. | plasmodium knowlesi has entered the human population of southeast asia. naturally acquired knowlesi malaria is newly described with relatively little available data, including data on the host response to infection. therefore pre-treatment cytokine and chemokine profiles were determined for 94 p. knowlesi, and for comparison, 20, p. vivax and 22 p. falciparum, patients recruited in malaysian borneo. nine, five and one patient with p. knowlesi, p. falciparum and p. vivax respectively had complica ... | 2011 | 21687657 |
| dimerization of plasmodium vivax dbp is induced upon receptor binding and drives recognition of darc. | plasmodium vivax and plasmodium knowlesi invasion depends on the parasite duffy-binding protein dbl domain (rii-pvdbp or rii-pkdbp) engaging the duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (darc) on red blood cells. inhibition of this key interaction provides an excellent opportunity for parasite control. there are competing models for whether plasmodium ligands engage receptors as monomers or dimers, a question whose resolution has profound implications for parasite biology and control. we report cry ... | 2011 | 21743458 |
| co-infections of plasmodium knowlesi, p. falciparum, and p. vivax among humans and anopheles dirus mosquitoes, southern vietnam. | a single anopheles dirus mosquito carrying sporozoites of plasmodium knowlesi, p. falciparum, and p. vivax was recently discovered in khanh phu, southern vietnam. further sampling of humans and mosquitoes in this area during 2009-2010 showed p. knowlesi infections in 32 (26%) persons with malaria (n = 125) and in 31 (43%) sporozoite-positive an. dirus mosquitoes (n = 73). co-infections of p. knowlesi and p. vivax were predominant in mosquitoes and humans, while single p. knowlesi infections were ... | 2011 | 21762577 |
| severe plasmodium knowlesi malaria in a tertiary care hospital, sabah, malaysia. | the simian parasite plasmodium knowlesi causes severe human malaria; the optimal treatment remains unknown. we describe the clinical features, disease spectrum, and response to antimalarial chemotherapy, including artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate, in patients with p. knowlesi malaria diagnosed by pcr during december 2007-november 2009 at a tertiary care hospital in sabah, malaysia. fifty-six patients had pcr-confirmed p. knowlesi monoinfection and clinical records available for review. twe ... | 2011 | 21762579 |
| plasmodium knowlesi reinfection in human. | to the editor: in 2004, a large number of patients infected with plasmodium knowlesi (simian malarial species) were reported in sarawak, malaysia (1). p. knowlesi infection was also reported in peninsular malaysia (2). here we report a case of human p. knowlesi reinfection. phylogenetic sequence analysis shows that the first and second infections were caused by different strains of p. knowlesi. | 2011 | 21762601 |
| evolutionary analysis of circumsporozoite surface protein and merozoite surface protein-1 (csp and msp-1) sequences of malaria parasites. | malaria, one of the world's most common diseases, is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite known as plasmodium. in this study, we have determined the evolutionary relationship of two single-copy proteins, circumsporozoite protein (csp) and merozoite surface protein-1 (msp-1), among plasmodium species using various bioinformatics tools and softwares. these two proteins are major blood stage antigens of plasmodium species. this study demonstrates that the circumsporozoite protein of plasm ... | 2011 | 21769195 |
| specific, sensitive and rapid detection of human plasmodium knowlesi infection by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) in blood samples. | abstract: background: the emergence of plasmodium knowlesi in humans, which is in many cases misdiagnosed by microscopy as plasmodium malariae due to the morphology similarity, has contributed to the needs of detection and differentiation of malaria parasites. up to date, nested pcr targeted on plasmodium ssrrna genes is described as the most sensitive and specific method for plasmodium detection. however, this methodology is costly and requires trained personnel for its implementation. loop-med ... | 2011 | 21774805 |
| a review of parasitic zoonoses in a changing southeast asia. | parasitic zoonoses are common and widely distributed in the southeast asian region. however, the interactions between parasites, hosts and vectors are influenced by environmental, socio-cultural and livestock production changes that impact on the distribution, prevalence and severity of disease. in this review we provide an update on new knowledge in the context of ongoing changes for the food-borne pig associated zoonoses taenia solium and trichinella spp., the food-borne trematodes opisthorchi ... | 2011 | 21846580 |
| Species-Specific Features of DARC, the Primate Receptor for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi. | The DARC (Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines) gene, also called Duffy or FY, encodes a membrane-bound chemokine receptor. Two malaria parasites, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi, use DARC to trigger internalization into red blood cells. Although much has been reported on the evolution of DARC null alleles, little is known about the evolution of the coding portion of this gene or the role that protein sequence divergence in this receptor may play in disease susceptibility or zoonosis. ... | 2011 | 21878684 |
| plasmodium knowlesi: an overlooked italian discovery? | 2011 | 21890752 | |
| characterization and tissue-specific expression patterns of the plasmodium chabaudi cir multigene family. | variant antigens expressed on the surface of parasitized red blood cells (prbcs) are important virulence factors of malaria parasites. whereas plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane proteins 1 (pfemp1) are responsible for sequestration of mature parasites, little is known about putative ligands mediating cytoadherence to host receptors in other plasmodium species. candidates include members of the pir superfamily found in the human parasite plasmodium vivax (vir), in the simian pathogen plas ... | 2011 | 21929749 |
| plasmodium knowlesi malaria in malaysia. | plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria parasite, is now recognised as the fifth cause of human malaria and can lead to fatal infections in humans. knowlesi malaria cases are widely distributed in east and west malaysia and account for more than 50% of admissions for malaria in certain hospitals in the state of sarawak. this paper will begin with a description of the early studies on p. knowlesi, followed by a review of the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical and laboratory features, and treatment o ... | 2010 | 21939162 |
| Plasmodium knowlesi Malaria in humans and macaques, Thailand. | Naturally acquired human infections with Plasmodium knowlesi are endemic to Southeast Asia. To determine the prevalence of P. knowlesi malaria in malaria-endemic areas of Thailand, we analyzed genetic characteristics of P. knowlesi circulating among naturally infected macaques and humans. This study in 2008-2009 and retrospective analysis of malaria species in human blood samples obtained in 1996 from 1 of these areas showed that P. knowlesi accounted for 0.67% and 0.48% of human malaria cases, ... | 2011 | 22000348 |
| plasmodium knowlesi infection in humans, cambodia, 2007-2010. | two cases of plasmodium knowlesi infection in humans were identified in cambodia by 3 molecular detection assays and sequencing. this finding confirms the widespread distribution of p. knowlesi malaria in humans in southeast asia. further wide-scale studies are required to assess the public health relevance of this zoonotic malaria parasite. | 2011 | 22000366 |
| sequence analysis on the mitochondrial coxi gene of recent clinical isolates of plasmodium knowlesi in klang valley, peninsular malaysia. | the cytochrome oxidase subunit i (coxi) gene sequences of three recent (2007-2008) clinical plasmodium knowlesi isolates from klang valley, peninsular malaysia, were determined and compared with those of older (1960's) peninsular malaysia, recent isolates from sarawak (on borneo island), and an isolate from thailand. multiple alignment of the sequences showed that the three clinical isolates were more similar to the older peninsular malaysia isolates than to those from sarawak and thailand. phyl ... | 2011 | 22041769 |
| Identification of Gene Encoding Plasmodium knowlesi Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylase by Genetic Complementation in Yeast and Characterization of in Vitro Maturation of Encoded Enzyme. | The 23-megabase genome of Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of severe human malaria, contains ~5300 genes, most of unknown function or lacking homologs in other organisms. Identification of these gene functions will help in the discovery of novel targets for the development of antimalarial drugs and vaccines. The P. falciparum genome is unusually A + T-rich, which hampers cloning and expressing these genes in heterologous systems for functional analysis. The large repertoire of genetic ... | 2012 | 22057268 |
| Plasmodium knowlesi: A Malaria Parasite of Monkeys and Humans (*). | Plasmodium knowlesi is a malaria parasite of monkeys of Southeast Asia that is transmitted by mosquitoes of the Anopheles leucosphyrus group. Humans are frequently infected with this parasite and misdiagnosed as being infected with Plasmodium malariae. The parasite was a major monkey animal model for developing antimalarial vaccines and investigations of the biology of parasite invasion. P. knowlesi is the first monkey malaria parasite genome to be sequenced and annotated. | 2012 | 22149265 |
| genome comparison of human and non-human malaria parasites reveals species subset-specific genes potentially linked to human disease. | genes underlying important phenotypic differences between plasmodium species, the causative agents of malaria, are frequently found in only a subset of species and cluster at dynamically evolving subtelomeric regions of chromosomes. we hypothesized that chromosome-internal regions of plasmodium genomes harbour additional species subset-specific genes that underlie differences in human pathogenicity, human-to-human transmissibility, and human virulence. we combined sequence similarity searches wi ... | 2011 | 22215999 |
| cytoadherence and virulence - the case of plasmodium knowlesi malaria. | cytoadherence of infected red blood cells to brain endothelium is causally implicated in malarial coma, one of the severe manifestations of falciparum malaria. cytoadherence is mediated by specific binding of variant parasite antigens, expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes, to endothelial receptors including, icam-1, vcam and cd36. in fatal cases of severe falciparum malaria with coma, blood vessels in the brain are characteristically congested with infected erythrocytes. brain secti ... | 2012 | 22305466 |
| [plasmodium knowlesi: the widespread and human dangerous type of malaria pathogens from the south-eastern asia and the pacific ocean islands]. | 2012 | 22308703 | |
| human plasmodium knowlesi infection in ranong province, southwestern border of thailand. | plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria parasite, has been reported in humans in many southeast asian countries. in thailand, most of the limited numbers of cases reported so far were from areas near neighbouring countries, including myanmar. | 2012 | 22313518 |
| positive diversifying selection on plasmodium vivax ron2 protein. | plasmodium rhoptry neck protein 2 (ron2), which is released from the neck portion of the merozoite rhoptries and interacts with the microneme protein apical membrane antigen 1 (ama1), plays a crucial role in erythrocyte invasion. in this study, we sequenced the plasmodium vivax ron2 gene from 19 p. vivax isolates collected in central china in order to establish whether this protein is under positive diversifying selection, which may occur as a result of protective host immune pressure†. in compa ... | 2012 | 22321319 |
| protective cd8+ t lymphocytes in primates immunized with malaria sporozoites. | live attenuated malaria vaccines are more potent than the recombinant protein, bacterial or viral platform vaccines that have been tested, and an attenuated sporozoite vaccine against falciparum malaria is being developed for humans. in mice, attenuated malaria sporozoite vaccines induce cd8(+) t cells that kill parasites developing in the liver. we were curious to know if cd8(+) t cells were also important in protecting primates against malaria. we immunized 9 rhesus monkeys with radiation atte ... | 2012 | 22355349 |
| a new single-step pcr assay for the detection of the zoonotic malaria parasite plasmodium knowlesi. | recent studies in southeast asia have demonstrated substantial zoonotic transmission of plasmodium knowlesi to humans. microscopically, p. knowlesi exhibits several stage-dependent morphological similarities to p. malariae and p. falciparum. these similarities often lead to misdiagnosis of p. knowlesi as either p. malariae or p. falciparum and pcr-based molecular diagnostic tests are required to accurately detect p. knowlesi in humans. the most commonly used pcr test has been found to give false ... | 2012 | 22363751 |
| autopsy discoveries of death from malaria. | malaria inflicts a huge health care burden in terms of mortality and morbidity worldwide. there has been evidence in the literature where many unexpected/unexplained deaths turned out to be related to malaria on autopsy. the aim of this study is to review autopsy diagnosed malaria related deaths in the literature with due stress to its biologic and forensic aspects. a meticulous literature search was performed for "sudden malaria death", "malaria death postmortem diagnosis" and "unexplained deat ... | 2012 | 22369777 |
| molecular evolution of a malaria resistance gene (darc) in primates. | genes involved in host-pathogen interactions are often strongly affected by positive natural selection. the duffy antigen, coded by the duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (darc) gene, serves as a receptor for plasmodium vivax in humans and for plasmodium knowlesi in some nonhuman primates. in the majority of sub-saharan africans, a nucleic acid variant in gata-1 of the gene promoter is responsible for the nonexpression of the duffy antigen on red blood cells and consequently resistance to inv ... | 2012 | 22395823 |
| plasmodium knowlesi: from malaysia, a novel health care threat. | epidemic foci of plasmodium knowlesi malaria have been identified during the past ten years in malaysia, in particular in the states of sarawak and sabah (malaysia borneo), and in the pahang region (peninsular malaysia). based on a review of the available recent international literature, the authors underline the importance of molecular biology examinations, polymerase chain reactions (pcr), performed with primers specific for p. knowlesi, since the current microscopic examination (haemoscope) m ... | 2012 | 22475654 |
| plasmodium subtilisin-like protease 1 (sub1): insights into the active-site structure, specificity and function of a pan-malaria drug target. | release of the malaria merozoite from its host erythrocyte (egress) and invasion of a fresh cell are crucial steps in the life cycle of the malaria pathogen. subtilisin-like protease 1 (sub1) is a parasite serine protease implicated in both processes. in the most dangerous human malarial species, plasmodium falciparum, sub1 has previously been shown to have several parasite-derived substrates, proteolytic cleavage of which is important both for egress and maturation of the merozoite surface to e ... | 2012 | 22543039 |
| biology of human malaria plasmodia including plasmodium knowlesi. | malaria is a vector-borne infection caused by unicellular parasite of the genus plasmodium. plasmodia are obligate intracellular parasites that are able to infect and replicate within the erythrocytes after a clinically silent replication phase in the liver. four species (p.falciparum, p.malariae, p.ovale and p.vivax) are traditionally recognized as responsible of natural infection in human beings but the recent upsurge of p.knowlesi malaria in south-east asia has led clinicians to consider it a ... | 2012 | 22550559 |
| plasmodium knowlesi and wuchereria bancrofti: their vectors and challenges for the future. | malaria and filariasis still continue to pose public health problems in developing countries of the tropics. although plans are in progress for the elimination of both these parasitic vector borne diseases, we are now faced with a daunting challenge as we have a fifth species, plasmodium knowlesi a simian malaria parasite affecting humans. similarly in peninsular malaysia, filariasis was mainly due to brugia malayi. however, we now see cases of wuchereria bancrofti in immigrant workers coming in ... | 2012 | 22557977 |
| genetic variation of aldolase from korean isolates of plasmodium vivax and its usefulness in serodiagnosis. | the malaria aldolase is widely used as rapid diagnostic test (rdt), but the efficacy in aspect of its serological effectiveness in diagnosis is not known. the genetic variation of korean isolates was analysed and recombinant aldolase was evaluated as a serological antigen in plasmodium vivax malaria. | 2012 | 22569198 |
| molecular detection of plasmodium knowlesi in a dutch traveler by real-time pcr. | plasmodium knowlesi infection with low parasitemia presents a diagnostic challenge, as rapid diagnostic tests are often negative and identification to the species level by microscopy is difficult. p. knowlesi malaria in a traveler is described, and real-time pcr is demonstrated to support fast and reliable diagnosis and identification to the species level. | 2012 | 22573596 |
| cloning, overexpression, purification and characterization of plasmodium knowlesi lactate dehydrogenase. | plasmodial lactate dehydrogenase, key enzyme of anaerobic glycolysis, has been shown to be a potential immunodiagnostic marker as well as a novel target for chemotherapy. we have cloned, overexpressed and immunochemically characterized the recombinant lactate dehydrogenase of plasmodium knowlesi, the fifth human malaria parasite. the p. knowlesi lactate dehydrogenase (pkldh) gene was pcr amplified and 0.9 kb pcr product was cloned into pgem-t easy vector. sequencing and blast analysis revealed o ... | 2012 | 22683723 |
| clinical aspects of uncomplicated and severe malaria. | the first symptoms of malaria, common to all the different malaria species, are nonspecific and mimic a flu-like syndrome. although fever represents the cardinal feature, clinical findings in malaria are extremely diverse and may range in severity from mild headache to serious complications leading to death, particularly in falciparum malaria. as the progression to these complications can be rapid, any malaria patient must be assessed and treated rapidly, and frequent observations are needed to ... | 2012 | 22708041 |
| zoonotic malaria: plasmodium knowlesi, an emerging pathogen. | the emergence of plasmodium knowlesi, a parasite of southeast asian macaques, into the human population is ongoing and widespread across southeast asia. humans entering p. knowlesi transmission areas are at risk. patients present with uncomplicated, complicated and fatal disease, therefore prompt accurate diagnosis and treatment are essential. this review focuses on recent descriptions of asymptomatic and symptomatic infections in children, pathophysiology in adults, treatment and diagnosis, and ... | 2012 | 22710318 |
| entomologic investigation of plasmodium knowlesi vectors in kuala lipis, pahang, malaysia. | the first natural infection of plasmodium knowlesi in humans was recorded in 1965 in peninsular malaysia. extensive research was then conducted and it was postulated that it was a rare incident and that simian malaria will not be easily transmitted to humans. however, at the turn of the 21st century, knowlesi malaria was prevalent throughout southeast asia and is life threatening. thus, a longitudinal study was initiated to determine the vectors, their seasonal variation and preference to humans ... | 2012 | 22727041 |
| two functional reticulocyte binding-like (rbl) invasion ligands of zoonotic plasmodium knowlesi exhibit differential adhesion to monkey and human erythrocytes. | plasmodium knowlesi is a monkey malaria species that is becoming a serious public health concern infecting hundreds and perhaps thousands of humans in southeast asia. invasion of erythrocytes by merozoites entails a cascade of molecular interactions. one step involves the adhesion of plasmodium reticulocyte binding-like (rbl) proteins. plasmodium knowlesi merozoites express only two rbl invasion ligands, known as normocyte binding proteins (pknbpxa and pknbpxb). | 2012 | 22770469 |
| plasmodium cynomolgi genome sequences provide insight into plasmodium vivax and the monkey malaria clade. | p. cynomolgi, a malaria-causing parasite of asian old world monkeys, is the sister taxon of p. vivax, the most prevalent malaria-causing species in humans outside of africa. because p. cynomolgi shares many phenotypic, biological and genetic characteristics with p. vivax, we generated draft genome sequences for three p. cynomolgi strains and performed genomic analysis comparing them with the p. vivax genome, as well as with the genome of a third previously sequenced simian parasite, plasmodium k ... | 2012 | 22863735 |
| deaths due to plasmodium knowlesi malaria in sabah, malaysia: association with reporting as plasmodium malariae and delayed parenteral artesunate. | the simian parasite plasmodium knowlesi is recognized as a common cause of severe and fatal human malaria in sabah, malaysia, but is morphologically indistinguishable from and still commonly reported as plasmodium malariae, despite the paucity of this species in sabah. since december 2008 sabah department of health has recommended intravenous artesunate and referral to a general hospital for all severe malaria cases of any species. this paper reviews all malaria deaths in sabah subsequent to the ... | 2012 | 22905799 |
| management of imported malaria in europe. | in this position paper, the european society for clinical microbiology and infectious diseases, study group on clinical parasitology, summarizes main issues regarding the management of imported malaria cases. malaria is a rare diagnosis in europe, but it is a medical emergency. a travel history is the key to suspecting malaria and is mandatory in patients with fever. there are no specific clinical signs or symptoms of malaria although fever is seen in almost all non-immune patients. migrants fro ... | 2012 | 22985344 |
| ex vivo culture of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium cynomolgi and in vitro culture of plasmodium knowlesi blood stages. | long-term in vitro cultures of blood-stage parasites are so far feasible only for plasmodium falciparum and p. knowlesi. in this chapter, we describe short-term ex vivo culturing of p. cynomolgi and p. vivax. we also describe long-term in vitro culturing of p. knowlesi as well as some techniques for synchronizing parasites. cultured parasites can be used for a variety of purposes, e.g., for in vitro drug assays and antibody-mediated growth inhibition assays. | 2013 | 22990770 |
| case series of naturally acquired plasmodium knowlesi infection in a tertiary teaching hospital. | plasmodium knowlesi is a simian malaria parasite and is recently recognized as the fifth malaria parasite infecting humans. manifestation of the infection may resemble other infection particularly dengue fever leading to inappropriate management and delay in treatment. we reported three cases of naturally acquired p. knowlesi in hospital universiti sains malaysia, kubang kerian, kelantan, malaysia. clinical manifestations were quite similar in those cases. microscopically, the diagnosis might be ... | 2012 | 23018503 |
| centenary celebrations article: plasmodium knowlesi: from macaque monkeys to humans in south-east asia and the risk of its spread in india. | the identification of a large focus of plasmodium knowlesi in malaysian borneo and subsequent reports from several countries in south-east asia has led its recognition as the fifth human malaria parasite. the natural preferred hosts of this species still continue to be macaque monkeys that live in broad-leaf rain forests. this review describes the distribution of macaque monkeys, the anopheles species belonging to the leucosphyrus group that have been incriminated as vectors, morphological and c ... | 2011 | 23024487 |
| hexaplex pcr detection system for identification of five human plasmodium species with an internal control. | malaria remains one of the major killers of humankind and persists to threaten the lives of more than one-third of the world's population. given that human malaria can now be caused by five species of plasmodium, i.e., plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, plasmodium ovale, and the recently included plasmodium knowlesi, there is a critical need not only to augment global health efforts in malaria control but also, more importantly, to develop a rapid, accurate, species-se ... | 2012 | 23035191 |
| malaria, anti malarial drugs and the role of melatonin. | malaria, one of the most deadly diseases of our time affects more than 200 million people across the globe and is responsible for about one million deaths annually. until recently plasmodium falciparum has been the main cause for malarial infection in human beings but now plasmodium knowlesi from malaysia remains as one of the most virulent parasite spreading fast not only in malaysia but in different parts of the world. hence there is urgent need for the global fight to control malaria. global ... | 2012 | 23082960 |
| a prospective comparative study of knowlesi, falciparum, and vivax malaria in sabah, malaysia: high proportion with severe disease from plasmodium knowlesi and plasmodium vivax but no mortality with early referral and artesunate therapy. | plasmodium knowlesi commonly causes severe malaria in malaysian borneo, with high case-fatality rates reported. we compared risk, spectrum, and outcome of severe disease from p. knowlesi, plasmodium falciparum, and plasmodium vivax and outcomes following introduction of protocols for early referral and intravenous artesunate for all severe malaria. | 2013 | 23087389 |
| plasmodium knowlesi: the emerging zoonotic malaria parasite. | plasmodium knowlesi was initially identified in the 30s as a natural plasmodium of macaca fascicularis monkey also capable of experimentally infecting humans. it gained a relative notoriety in the mid-30s as an alternative to plasmodium vivax in the treatment of the general paralysis of the insane (neurosyphilis). in 1965 the first natural human infection was described in a us military surveyor coming back from the pahang jungle of the malaysian peninsula. p. knowlesi was again brought to the at ... | 2013 | 23088834 |
| laboratory markers of disease severity in plasmodium knowlesi infection: a case control study. | plasmodium knowlesi malaria causes severe disease in up to 10% of cases in malaysian borneo and has a mortality rate of 1 - 2%. however, laboratory markers with the ability to identify patients at risk of developing complications have not yet been assessed as they have for other species of plasmodium. | 2012 | 23110615 |
| plasmodium vivax and plasmodium knowlesi: cloning, expression and functional analysis of 1-cys peroxiredoxin. | malaria parasites like other aerobes need to detoxify the reactive oxygen species (ros) that are mainly produced from hemoglobin degradation in the food vacuole. since plasmodium lacks catalase and genuine glutathione peroxidase, they are highly dependent on peroxiredoxins (prxs) and superoxide dismutases for ros detoxification. prxs are protective antioxidant enzymes that act through reduction of hydrogen peroxides. in recent years, several studies have been done on prx family of human malaria ... | 2013 | 23178658 |