Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| multi-site dna polymorphism analyses of leishmania isolates define their genotypes predicting clinical epidemiology of leishmaniasis in a specific region. | leishmania isolates from 57 cases of human cutaneous (cl), human visceral (vl), and canine visceral (cvl) leishmaniasis in turkey were grouped by multi-site dna polymorphism analyses into five genotypes. the initial grouping was based on dna heterogeneity of the faster-evolving mitochondrion (kinetoplast) minicircles and the intergenic regions of two nuclear repetitive genes. taxonomic affiliation and phylogenetic relationships of the five genotypes were inferred by comparing them with reference ... | 2000 | 11128706 |
| role of pcr in diagnosis and prognosis of visceral leishmaniasis in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | a group of 76 consecutive human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive patients with fever of unknown origin (n = 52) or fever associated with pulmonary diseases was evaluated in order to assess the usefulness of pcr with peripheral blood in the diagnosis and follow-up of visceral leishmaniasis. we identified 10 cases of visceral leishmaniasis among the 52 patients with fever of unknown origin. at the time of diagnosis, all were parasitemic by pcr with peripheral blood. during follow-up, a progre ... | 2001 | 11136800 |
| in vitro susceptibility of leishmania infantum to meglumine antimoniate in isolates from repeated leishmaniasis episodes in hiv-coinfected patients. | 2001 | 11152446 | |
| optimization of random-amplified polymorphic dna producing amplicons up to 8500 bp and revealing intraspecies polymorphism in leishmania infantum isolates. | in the case of investigation of polymorphism in closely related strains, the highest possible complexity of the patterns obtained by random-amplified polymorphic dna pcr (rapd-pcr) is required to assure revealing of limited polymorphism. in the present work, most parameters (reaction components concentration, additives, different polymerases, and thermal profiles) affecting rapd-pcr were examined, in an effort to increase pattern complexity. a long pcr thermal profile, betaine as cosolvent, and ... | 2001 | 11152590 |
| discontinuation of secondary anti-leishmania prophylaxis in hiv-infected patients who have responded to highly active antiretroviral therapy. | 2000 | 11153679 | |
| prevalence of leishmania infantum infection in dogs living in an area of canine leishmaniasis endemicity using pcr on several tissues and serology. | we studied and compared the prevalence of leishmania infection and the seroprevalence and the prevalence of canine leishmaniasis in an area where canine leishmaniasis is endemic. one hundred dogs living on the island of mallorca (spain) were studied. in this study, we clinically examined each dog for the presence of symptoms compatible with leishmaniasis, determined the titer of anti-leishmania antibodies, and investigated the presence of leishmania dna by pcr in skin, conjunctiva, and bone marr ... | 2001 | 11158106 |
| comparison of various sample preparation methods for pcr diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis using peripheral blood. | we have compared various sample preparation methods for the pcr diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) using peripheral blood samples and tested the influence of these protocols upon sensitivity. four methods of lysis-dna extraction were used with two types of blood samples: whole blood (wb) and buffy coat (bc). comparisons were first carried out with seeded samples at various parasite concentrations. at high concentrations (> or = 1,000 parasites/ml), there were no significant differences in ... | 2001 | 11158116 |
| protective immunity against the protozoan leishmania chagasi is induced by subclinical cutaneous infection with virulent but not avirulent organisms. | protective immunity against leishmania major is provided by s.c. immunization with a low dose of l. major promastigotes or with dihydrofolate-thymidylate synthase gene locus (dhfr-ts) gene knockout l. major organisms. whether these vaccine strategies will protect against infection with other leishmania species that elicit distinct immune responses and clinical syndromes is not known. therefore, we investigated protective immunity to leishmania chagasi, a cause of visceral leishmaniasis. in contr ... | 2001 | 11160240 |
| a sensitive method for assaying chemotaxic responses of leishmania promastigotes. | this article describes a sensitive, cheap, and easy method for assaying chemotaxic responses of leishmania promastigotes. a gradient of the substance to be assayed was produced inside a series of commercially available capillary tubes submerged in a promastigote suspension. after an incubation period, the attractiveness of the substance under test was measured by counting the number of parasites in the capillaries in a neubauer chamber. different responses were detected in two strains of leishma ... | 2000 | 11162370 |
| chromosome structure and sequence organization between pathogenic and non-pathogenic leishmania spp. | we have used a chromosome fragmentation strategy based on systematic genomic insertions of the rare cutting yeast i-scei endonuclease to assess structure and sequence organization of homologous chromosomes between evolutionary divergent pathogenic and non-pathogenic leishmania species. this method was combined to physical mapping and hybridization studies using a number of specific chromosomal markers as probes. our studies have concentrated on two different chromosomes of leishmania major (l. m ... | 2000 | 11163446 |
| immunisation with dna encoding leishmania infantum protein paple22 decreases the frequency of parasitemic episodes in infected hamsters. | we tested in outbred golden hamsters the protective potential of highly immunogenic leishmania infantum protein paple22 which we recently identified. immunisation was performed using paple22 cdna, administered as a single intramuscular injection. the level of antibodies directed against total leishmanial antigens was significantly decreased in the vaccinated hamsters as compared with the controls, indicating that the administration of paple22 cdna downregulated the th2 type response and suggesti ... | 2001 | 11166894 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in a german child who had never entered a known endemic area: case report and review of the literature. | we describe a case of visceral leishmaniasis in a 15-month-old german child. diagnosis was significantly delayed because the patient had no history of travel to known endemic areas. congenital or blood transfusion-associated leishmaniasis was ruled out. possible modes of transmission (including a potential new autochthonous focus of the disease in central europe) are discussed. | 2001 | 11170923 |
| infectious diseases. has leishmaniasis become endemic in the u.s.? | believed to be all but absent from united states, the leishmania parasite has infected more than 1000 hunting dogs in 21 u.s. states and the canadian province of ontario. nobody is claiming that the disease is about to run riot among the u.s. population. but the widespread outbreak in dogs has experts wondering whether visceral leishmaniasis--which sickens over half a million people yearly in south america, africa, the mediterranean, and india--has become an endemic disease in north america. | 2000 | 11187042 |
| calcium-induced conformational changes in leishmania infantum kinetoplastid membrane protein-11. | total-reflection x-ray fluorescence has been used to study whether the leishmania infantum kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 is a ca2+-binding protein. the 108 amino acid helix-loop-helix protein has the loop region located between residues 45 and 57, having similarity to the ef-hand motifs. in particular, the sequence alignment of the putative motif revealed the existence of 67% similarity and 33% identity with the ef-hand of the plasmodia-specific 40-kda protein from physarum polycephalum. to ... | 2001 | 11191218 |
| gp63 gene polymorphism and population structure of leishmania donovani complex: influence of the host selection pressure? | the gp63 encoding genes were characterized by pcr-rflp in 35 isolates representative of the leishmania donovani complex (l. infantum, l. donovani, l. archibaldi and l. chagasi), with special attention to mediterranean l. infantum from different geographical origins, and in separate groups from old world leishmania (l. major, l. tropica and l. aethiopica). the aim was to evaluate how the possible selective pressure by the host on these important surface proteins would influence structuring of our ... | 2001 | 11197761 |
| assessment of leishmania promastigote growth in vitro by means of nucleoside hydrolase activity determination. | nucleoside hydrolases (nh) are involved in the purine salvage pathway of protozoan cells for the biosynthesis of nucleic acids. we developed a simple and reliable microassay based on n-ribohydrolase dosage using 4-nitrophenyl-beta-d-ribofuranoside (npr) substrate for the quantification of leishmania infantum. the free promastigote stage of l. infantum contains high amounts of nh capable of cleaving npr, but the parasitic amastigote does not. the method allows reliable quantification of viable pa ... | 2001 | 11206112 |
| leishmanicidal activity of stearylamine-bearing liposomes in vitro. | liposomes consisting of stearylamine (sa) and egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (pc) were studied for their cytotoxic activity against freshly transformed promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. more than 99% of the parasites of strain ag83 were killed within 60 min by treatment with 22 mol% sa-pc liposomes (132 microg/ml total lipids). this was further confirmed by incubating the liposome-treated promastigotes at 22 c for 96 ... | 2001 | 11227889 |
| more panantigens in leishmania. | 2001 | 11228007 | |
| pediatric visceral leishmaniasis in austria: diagnostic difficulties in a non-endemic region. | visceral leishmaniasis is usually fatal if left untreated. in europe it is mainly caused by leishmania infantum which is endemic in the whole mediterranean region. while visceral leishmaniasis classically affects children, adults increasingly suffer infections in regions which are known to be endemic for hiv. nowadays up to 70% of the patients with visceral leishmaniasis in southern europe are hiv-infected adults. the diagnosis is known to be especially difficult to establish in this group of pa ... | 2001 | 11253734 |
| dna transformation of leishmania infantum axenic amastigotes and their use in drug screening. | protocols for dna electroporation in leishmania promastigote cells are well established. more recently, in vitro culture of axenic leishmania amastigotes became possible. we have established conditions for dna transformation of axenically grown leishmania infantum amastigotes. parameters for dna electroporation of leishmania axenic amastigotes were systematically studied using luciferase-mediated transient transfection. cell lines expressing stable luciferase activity were then selected, and the ... | 2001 | 11257031 |
| the inhibition of arginase by n(omega)-hydroxy-l-arginine controls the growth of leishmania inside macrophages. | polyamine synthesis from l-ornithine is essential for leishmania growth. we have investigated the dependence of leishmania infection on arginase, which generates l-ornithine, in macrophages from balb/c, c57bl/6, and nitric oxide synthase ii (nos ii)-deficient mouse strains. we have found that n(omega)-hydroxy-l-arginine (loha), a physiological inhibitor of arginase, controls cellular infection and also specifically inhibits arginase activity from leishmania major and leishmania infantum parasite ... | 2001 | 11257143 |
| leishmania infantum-specific igg, igg1 and igg2 antibody responses in healthy and ill dogs from endemic areas. evolution in the course of infection and after treatment. | the expression of igg, igg1 and igg2 specific antibodies for leishmania infantum was studied in five groups of dogs in catalonia (spain): i, 99 asymptomatic dogs (infected and uninfected) from a highly endemic area for leishmaniosis; ii, 139 untreated dogs with clinically patent leishmaniosis; iii, 11 naturally infected asymptomatic dogs monitored for up to 5 years since they were found seropositive to leishmania antigen and without treatment; iv, 25 naturally infected dogs with clinically paten ... | 2001 | 11267753 |
| analysis of the adjuvant effect of recombinant leishmania infantum hsp83 protein as a tool for vaccination. | the properties of leishmania infantum hsp83 (lihsp83) to elicit an immune response against a fused reporter antigen, maltose binding protein (mbp), was studied. cf1 mice were immunized with different purified recombinant proteins: mbp, lihsp83 and mbp fused to lihsp83 (mbp-lihsp83). serum samples were obtained at days 0, 21, 28, 60, 90, 120 and 150 post-immunization. mbp-lihsp83 fusion protein elicited a strong humoral response against mbp, higher than that one obtained in mice immunized with mb ... | 2001 | 11274727 |
| molecular tracking of infections by leishmania infantum. | leishmania infantum is a major opportunistic parasite in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and is very variable in these subjects. isoenzyme characterization is not able to explain this variability, since half of the stocks isolated from patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and leishmania belong to zymodeme mon-1. amplification of l. infantum minicircles by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and digestion of the amplified product to reveal restriction fragment ... | 2001 | 11280053 |
| interleukin-13 in iranian patients with visceral leishmaniasis: relationship to other th2 and th1 cytokines. | the role of interleukin (il)-13, a th2 cytokine sharing many of the features of il-4, has not previously been examined in patients with visceral leishmaniasis (vl). we examined sera from iranian patients with vl caused by leishmania infantum. serum il-13 was detected in 50% (22/44) of patients with active primary disease. in comparison, il-10 was detected in 79.5% (35/44), interferon gamma (ifn gamma) in 38.5% (17/44), and il-4 in only 5% (2/44) of these patients. with few exceptions all 3 cytok ... | 2001 | 11280075 |
| detection of leishmania infantum by pcr, serology and cellular immune response in a cohort study of brazilian dogs. | the sensitivity and specificity of pcr, serology (elisa) and lymphoproliferative response to leishmania antigen for the detection of leishmania infantum infection were evaluated in a cohort of 126 dogs exposed to natural infection in brazil. for pcr, leishmania dna from bone-marrow was amplified with both minicircle and ribosomal primers. the infection status and time of infection of each dog were estimated from longitudinal data. the sensitivity of pcr in parasite-positive samples was 98%. howe ... | 2001 | 11289062 |
| flow cytometry analysis of the effect of allopurinol and the dinitroaniline compound (chloralin) on the viability and proliferation of leishmania infantum promastigotes. | leishmaniasis is a major parasitic disease in the tropical regions. however, leishmania infantum has recently emerged as a very important cause of opportunistic infections for individuals positive for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). however, there is a lack of in vitro tests for assessing the effect of anti-parasitic drugs on the viability and proliferation of leishmania infantum. the aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of anti-parasitic drugs like allopurinol and chloralin on the vi ... | 2001 | 11299045 |
| [phlebotomines of the isle of cyprus. iii. species inventory ]. | three surveys on canine leishmaniasis were carried out in cyprus (1993, 1998 and 1999) emphasise the presence of eleven species of phlebotomine sandflies: phlebotomus (phlebotomus) papatasi, p. (paraphlebotomus) alexandri, p. (pa.) jacusieli (first mention in cyprus), p. (pa.) sergenti, p. (larroussius) galilaeus, p. (l.) tobbi, p. (transphlebotomus) economidesi, p. (t.) mascittii, sergentomyia (sergentomyia) azizi (its specific statute is validated by the authors), s. (s.) fallax et s. (s.) min ... | 2001 | 11304945 |
| synthesis of 2-substituted trifluoromethylquinolines for the evaluation of leishmanicidal activity. | the synthesis of 2-substituted-trifluoromethylquinolines from aniline, trifluoromethylanilines, 3-aminoquinoline and trifluoromethylquinaldines is reported. in vitro antileishmanial evaluation of 2-alkyl, 2-alkenyl and 2-epoxypropyl-trifluoromethylquinolines is presented. | 2001 | 11310679 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in the metropolitan region of belo horizonte, state of minas gerais, brazil. | in the last few years the number of human cases of american visceral leishmaniasis in the metropolitan region of belo horizonte (mrbh), minas gerais, brazil has increased, indicating an elevation in the transmission rate of the disease. the total number of notified human cases in the mrbh since 1994, when the first case was identified, up to 1999 was 345 of which 223 (65%) were from the city itself, indicating an urbanization of the disease in this region of minas gerais. the age distribution of ... | 2001 | 11313633 |
| activity of amphotericin b in lipid emulsion in the initial treatment of canine leishmaniasis. | amphotericin b was given to 19 dogs with leishmaniasis. the drug was diluted in an emulsion prepared by mixing 50 mg of amphotericin b desoxycholate with 40 ml of sterile water and 10 ml of soya bean oil solution. the dogs were infused over nearly one hour with 50 ml/kg of normal saline followed by 10 ml/kg of mannitol 20 per cent. the mixture was then loaded over 30 to 60 minutes using a syringe pump. the emulsion was given twice weekly, at an increasing dosage (from 1 to 2.5 mg/kg bodyweight), ... | 2001 | 11327663 |
| association analysis of hla-class ii and class iii gene polymorphisms in the susceptibility to mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis. | hla-drb1, -dqb1, tnfalpha, tnfbeta, hsp70-2 and hsp70-hom genetic polymorphisms were analyzed in 156 unrelated patients who developed mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis (mvl) due to leishmania infantum, and 154 unrelated healthy controls, who have got asymptomatic infection with this parasite and were selected on the basis of a positive leishmanin skin test (lst). a significantly reduced frequency of hla-dr2 was observed among mvl patients (16.1%), compared with controls (26.3%) (relative risk ... | 2001 | 11334675 |
| long term improvement in the treatment of canine leishmaniosis using an antimony liposomal formulation. | pharmacokinetic and clinical effectiveness of liposome-encapsulated n-methylglucamine antimoniate (lma) was performed in dogs suffering from experimental leishmaniosis. lma was compared with n-methylglucamine antimoniate (mga), the same drug in its free form. sb plasma concentrations for lma were always higher than those for mga. mean residence time (mrt), half-life time (t(1/2)) and clearance (cl) showed that sb was eliminated slower after liposome administration. the high volume of distributio ... | 2001 | 11337123 |
| no donors inhibit leishmania infantum cysteine proteinase activity. | nitric oxide (no) releasing drugs (e.g., glyceryl trinitrate) were successfully used in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in man. in the present study, the effect of no donors on the catalytic activity of the cysteine proteinase from promastigotes of leishmania infantum, an agent of old world visceral and cutaneous leishmaniases, is reported. in particular, one equivalent of no, released by the no donors s-nitrosoglutathione, glyceryl trinitrate, (+/-)-(e)-4-ethyl-2-[(e)-hydroxyimino]-5-n ... | 2001 | 11342060 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum in the northeast of spain: the isoenzymatic analysis of parasites. | 2001 | 11346355 | |
| [infantile visceral leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum zymodeme mon-24 in algeria]. | in algeria, visceral leishmaniasis is caused principally by leishmania infantum mon-1, a common agent of the disease on the edges of the mediterranean basin. other zymodemes (mon-34 and mon-80) of the same complex have also been isolated from immunologically competent patients. in the present study, the authors report the presence of leishmania infantum mon-24, the main agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern algeria, in five children with visceral leishmaniasis. | 2001 | 11346973 |
| [confirmation of leishmania infantum mon-24, agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southern france]. | leishmania infantum mon-24, an agent causing cutaneous leishmaniasis, has only been reported once in southern france. the authors report an additional case which confirms the presence of this zymodeme as agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in this area. treatment with a single course of liposomal amphotericine b did not show convincing efficacy. | 2001 | 11346974 |
| potent and specific inhibitors of trypanothione reductase from trypanosoma cruzi: bis(2-aminodiphenylsulfides) for fluorescent labeling studies. | in order to optimise the activity of bis(2-aminodiphenylsulfides) upon trypanothione reductase (tr) from trypanosoma cruzi, a new series of bis(2-aminodiphenylsulfides) possessing three side chains was synthesized. various moieties were introduced at the end of the third side chain, including acridinyl or biotinyl moieties for fluorescent labeling studies. tr inhibition was improved: the most potent inhibitor (ic50 = 200 nm) was selective towards tr versus human glutathione reductase and corresp ... | 2001 | 11354666 |
| false-positive results of leishmanin skin test due to phenol-containing diluent. | 2001 | 11355552 | |
| isoenzyme characterization of leishmania isolates from lebanon and syria. | leishmania parasites were isolated from 22 lebanese and 5 syrian patients with active skin lesions for whom the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. the isolates were characterized by starch gel electrophoresis and analysis of 13 enzyme systems. eight old-world reference strains were used for comparison. one syrian isolate belonged to leishmania major, and four syrian and two lebanese to leishmania tropica. contrary to expectations, the majority of lebanese isolates were rel ... | 2000 | 11357993 |
| role of peroxynitrite in macrophage microbicidal mechanisms in vivo revealed by protein nitration and hydroxylation. | the cytotoxins produced by phagocytic cells lacking peroxidases such as macrophages remain elusive. to elucidate macrophage microbicidal mechanisms in vivo, we compared the lesion tissue responses of resistant (c57bl/6) and susceptible (balb/c) mice to leishmania amazonensis infection. this comparison demonstrated that parasite control relied on lesion macrophage activation with inducible nitric oxide synthase expression (inos), nitric oxide synthesis, and extensive nitration of parasites inside ... | 2001 | 11368921 |
| in vitro activity of pentavalent antimony derivatives on promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of leishmania infantum strains from humans and dogs in spain. | 2001 | 11369311 | |
| cell mediated immunity and specific igg1 and igg2 antibody response in natural and experimental canine leishmaniosis. | in the present study, we have followed up leishmania infantum infection in dogs: (1) naturally infected; (2) experimentally infected with amastigotes; and (3) experimentally infected with culture promastigotes. the main objective was to evaluate the differences of the humoral and cellular immune responses of each group. sera from 12 beagle dogs were analysed for total anti-leishmanial antibodies and igg1 and igg2 subclasses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). lymphoproliferation to l. ... | 2001 | 11389961 |
| sustained parasite burden in the spleen of leishmania infantum-infected balb/c mice is accompanied by expression of mcp-1 transcripts and lack of protection against challenge. | we analyzed differential responses of spleen and liver, major organ targets for viscerotropic leishmania species, to experimental infection and examined if resistance to challenge was organ-specific. in liver, parasites were spontaneously cleared and inos trancripts expression paralleled that of amastigote load. in the spleen, amastigote multiplication was only partly controlled, and inos transcripts expression was transient. total numbers of spleen cells, b cells, and t cells were decreased, wh ... | 2001 | 11399524 |
| antimonial-mediated dna fragmentation in leishmania infantum amastigotes. | the basic treatment of leishmaniasis consists in the administration of pentavalent antimonials. the mechanisms that contribute to pentavalent antimonial toxicity against the intracellular stage of the parasite (i.e., amastigote) are still unknown. in this study, the combined use of several techniques including dna fragmentation assay and in situ and cytofluorometry terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dutp-biotin nick end labeling methods and yopro-1 staining allowed us to demonstrate t ... | 2001 | 11408224 |
| antibodies to selected canine pathogens and infestation with intestinal helminths in golden jackals (canis aureus) in israel. | blood and fecal samples, collected from 46 healthy adult free-ranging golden jackals captured in two different locations in israel, were examined. a serological study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of circulating antibodies reacting with four common canine pathogens: canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus (cpv), ehrlichia canis and leishmania infantum. faecal flotation and haematological tests were also performed. the seroprevalence of cpv, e. canis, cdv, and l. infantum we ... | 2001 | 11409931 |
| [a pediatric case of lupoid leishmaniasis diagnosed by pcr]. | the purpose of this paper is to describe the clinical features of lupoid leishmaniasis in a child and to underline the use of prc as a necessary and reliable tool in controversial diagnosis. lupoid leishmaniasis, also known as chronic or relapsing leishmaniasis, is mainly widespread in the middle east, where it represents up to 5% of all cutaneous leishmaniasis. it strongly resembles lupus vulgaris, both clinically and histologically, and is therefore not usually diagnosed immediately but after ... | 2001 | 11419394 |
| real-time pcr as a new tool for quantifying leishmania infantum in liver in infected mice. | the parasitic loads of mouse livers experimentally infected with leishmania infantum were determined using a double real-time quantitative pcr test targeted to the parasite dna polymerase gene and to the mouse brain-derived neutrophic factor gene. the leishmania dna copy number was normalized to the number of mouse gene copies in order to quantify the former independently of liver weight. the correlation coefficient with the microtitration method was 0.66. this pcr assay can be considered for ex ... | 2001 | 11427436 |
| nitric oxide production by macrophages of dogs vaccinated with killed leishmania infantum promastigotes. | human visceral leishmaniosis is endemic in southern italy, where the dog is the main reservoir of viscerotropic strains of leishmania infantum. the release of nitric oxide (no) by interferon (ifn)-gamma-activated macrophages is an important leishmanicidal mechanism in several animal species. in this work no production, phagocytosis and killing capacity of monocyte-derived dog macrophages were evaluated in vitro before and after administration of a vaccine composed of killed leishmania infantum p ... | 2001 | 11440191 |
| oxidative responses of human and murine macrophages during phagocytosis of leishmania chagasi. | leishmania chagasi, the cause of south american visceral leishmaniasis, must survive antimicrobial responses of host macrophages to establish infection. macrophage oxidative responses have been shown to diminish in the presence of intracellular leishmania. however, using electron spin resonance we demonstrated that murine and human macrophages produce o2-during phagocytosis of opsonized promastigotes. addition of the o2- scavenger 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-n-oxyl to cultures result ... | 2001 | 11441096 |
| diagnosis of infections with leishmania infantum using pcr-elisa. | on the basis of partial amplification of a cloned fragment of kdna of leishmania infantum which is specific for this species, we developed a pcr-elisa technique which avoids the problems associated with classical diagnostic techniques. this technique was tested on 33 l. infantum strains from 19 different zymodemes, which were recognized equally. it was also used on human and canine clinical samples. pcr-elisa has a higher sensitivity than the other techniques used (ifat, parasite cultures, optic ... | 2001 | 11444613 |
| [thirty-six year old male patient with dysphonia refractory to conventional medical treatment]. | 2001 | 11446913 | |
| mannan-binding lectin enhances susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis. | levels of the serum opsonin mannan-binding lectin (mbl) were directly correlated with the probability of developing visceral leishmaniasis. monocytes infected with mbl-opsonized leishmania chagasi promastigotes secreted higher levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 than cells infected with nonopsonized parasites. our findings indicate that mbl can modulate the clinical outcome of infection with l. chagasi and the function of infected macrophages. | 2001 | 11447210 |
| evidence of increased risk for leishmania infantum infection among hiv-seronegative intravenous drug users from southern spain. | to assess the prevalence of markers of leishmania infection, 93 intravenous drug users and 77 nonusers of intravenous drugs underwent a leishmania skin test and a serum leishmania antibody search. all participants were human immunodeficiency virus seronegative. the leishmania skin test was positive in 24 intravenous drug users and in 10 non-users of intravenous drugs (p=0.038). leishmania seropositivity was detected in 3 of 11 active intravenous drug users and in 3 of 82 former drug injectors (p ... | 2001 | 11453599 |
| nested pcr for diagnosis of canine leishmaniosis in peripheral blood, lymph node and bone marrow aspirates. | a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed using primers selected from the genomic dna of leishmania infantum and applied to the diagnosis of leishmaniosis in peripheral blood in dogs. blood of 39 dogs of different breeds, all sampled in catalonia (spain), were tested for leishmaniosis by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), western blotting (wb) and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) culture and nested pcr. twenty negative controls (healthy dogs less than 1-year-ol ... | 2001 | 11470178 |
| quantitation of leishmania infantum in tissues of infected balb/c mouse by sandwich elisa. | in this report, a sandwhich elisa was developed to quantify spleen and liver burdens from l. infantum-infected balb/c mice. amastigote antigens obtained following nonidet p40 extraction of parasite-harbouring tissues were captured by anti-l. infantum human igg insolubilized onto microtiter plate and subsequently revealed with anti-l. infantum f(ab)' fragments labelled with peroxidase. the method was easy to perform, precise and capable to specifically and accurately detect 5 x 10(4) amastigotes/ ... | 2001 | 11486813 |
| protective immune response against cutaneous leishmaniasis by prime/booster immunization regimens with vaccinia virus recombinants expressing leishmania infantum p36/lack and il-12 in combination with purified p36. | in susceptible mice leishmania infection triggers a cd4(+) th2 response that has been correlated with evasion of the host immune system. to develop approaches that might trigger a th1 response leading to protection against leishmania we generated vaccinia virus recombinants (vvr) expressing the relevant p36/lack protein of leishmania infantum (vvp36) or co-expressing p36/lack and interleukin-12 (vvp36il12). susceptible balb/c mice were immunized with the vvr in various prime/booster protocols th ... | 2001 | 11489418 |
| the life-cycle of leishmania infantum mon-77 in the priorat (catalonia, spain) involves humans, dogs and sandflies; also literature review of distribution and hosts of l. infantum zymodemes in the old world. | 2001 | 11490994 | |
| fatal visceral leishmaniasis in a heart transplant recipient. | 2001 | 11502416 | |
| an update on antileishmanial vaccine candidates and prospects for a canine leishmania vaccine. | dogs are the domestic reservoir for leishmania infantum, the parasite causing zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in both the old and new worlds. since the available methods for canine leishmaniasis treatment and control have limited efficacy, the development of a canine leishmania vaccine is highly desirable. mechanisms of antileishmanial immune responses in murine, human, and canine infections are briefly presented. vaccine candidates, including live or killed parasites, leishmania purified f ... | 2001 | 11522409 |
| nuclear dna polymerase beta from leishmania infantum. cloning, molecular analysis and developmental regulation. | we have identified a novel polymerase beta (pol beta)-like enzyme from leishmania infantum, a parasite protozoon causing disease in humans. this protein, named li pol beta, shows a nuclear localization that contrasts with the mitochondrial localization of pol beta from crithidia fasciculata, a closely related parasite, the only polymerase beta described so far in trypanosomatidae. li pol beta, that belongs to the dna polymerase x family, displays an evolutionarily conserved pol beta-type dna pol ... | 2001 | 11557814 |
| inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in leishmania-infected dog macrophages. | nitric oxide (no) production by the inducible no synthase (inos or nos2) represents one of the main microbicidal mechanisms of murine macrophages, but its role in other animal models is poorly investigated. therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate nos2 expression in dog macrophages infected with leishmania infantum. macrophages obtained from peripheral blood of healthy dogs were activated with recombinant human interferon (rhifn)-gamma and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) and then infec ... | 2001 | 11561959 |
| meningeal leishmaniosis induced by leishmania infantum in naturally infected dogs. | we report two cases of meningitis caused by leishmania infantum in naturally infected dogs. in both of these dogs the typical phenotypic features of granulomatous meningitis were observed with important lympho-plasma-cellular infiltrates and the presence of large numbers of parasites inside and outside macrophages. the immunological study of the cerebrospinal fluid of both animals showed that a large number of protein bands were recognized by those fluids and that they were similar to the ones r ... | 2001 | 11587830 |
| in vivo involvement of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in leishmania infantum infection. | the role of lymphocytes in the specific defence against l. infantum has been well established, but the part played by polynuclear neutrophil (pn) cells in controlling visceral leishmaniasis was much less studied. in this report we examine in vivo the participation of pn in early and late phases of infection by l. infantum. | 2001 | 11591218 |
| [ecological characteristics of subgenera larroussius and adelius (diptera, phlebotominae) sandflies--vectors for pathogens of visceral leishmaniasis]. | the spiracle indices were determined in 1153 specimens from 5 species of the subgenus larroussius (diptera, phlebotominae): phlebotomus neglectus, p. perfiliewi, p. tobbi, p. kandelakii, and p. smirnovi) and 2 species of the subgenus adlerius: p. brevis and p. longiductus. these species are all documented or potential vectors of leishmania infantum, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. the spiracle index is related to the rate of its evaporization and it is an important ecological inde ... | 2001 | 11680367 |
| isolation of leishmania infantum, zymodeme mon-1 from canine and human visceral leishmaniasis on margarita island, venezuela. | an increase in the incidence of human visceral leishmaniasis (hvl) has been detected in recent years on margarita island, located off the ne coast of venezuela. recent studies have revealed reactivity to rk39 antigen (leishmania chagasi) in 20% of 541 sera from domestic dogs in endemic communities; pcr reactions were positive using primers for the l. donovani complex. here we report that isolates from human and canine infection, identified by isoenzyme analysis, correspond to l. infantum, zymode ... | 2001 | 11685252 |
| cloning expression and characterization of methionine adenosyltransferase in leishmania infantum promastigotes. | methionine adenosyltransferase (mat) catalyzes the synthesis of s-adenosylmethionine (adomet), a metabolite that plays an important role in a variety of cellular functions, such as methylation, sulfuration, and polyamine synthesis. in this study, genomic dna from the protozoan parasite leishmania infantum was cloned and characterized. l. infantum mat, unlike mammalian mat, is codified by two identical genes in a tandem arrangement and is only weakly regulated by adomet. l. infantum mat mrna is e ... | 2002 | 11698393 |
| experimental studies on the evolution of antimony-resistant phenotype during the in vitro life cycle of leishmania infantum: implications for the spread of chemoresistance in endemic areas. | pentavalent antimonial unresponsiveness is an emerging problem in endemic areas and information on factors which could modulate the transmission of drug-resistant phenotypes and parasites during life cycle are warranted. using axenic amastigotes resistant to potassium antimonyl tartrate (sb(iii)) we investigated the modulation of antimonyl resistance during the in vitro life cycle. we assessed: (i) the stability of the drug-resistant phenotype during the in vitro life cycle; (ii) the transmissio ... | 2001 | 11700176 |
| epidemiological and entomological survey in a focus of visceral leishmaniasis in pap district (fergana valley) of namangan region, uzbekistan. | an active focus of human visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is present in uzbekistan, namangan region, pap district, situated along the fergana valley at an altitude of 900-1300 m a.s.l. an overall total of 19 vl cases, all recorded in children less than 14 years of age, have been reported during the period of 1987-99 in three villages, namely oltinkon (9 cases), chodak (7 cases) and guliston (3 cases). clinical and epidemiological features suggest that the disease is zoonotic in nature and that it is ... | 2001 | 11700179 |
| leishmania infantum and neospora caninum simultaneous skin infection in a young dog in italy. | leishmania infantum, the agent of canine leishmaniasis in mediterranean countries, and neospora caninum, a recently recognized protozoal pathogen in dogs, were diagnosed in a 9-month-old argentine dogo dog. both skin lesions and neurological signs were present. histopathology of cutaneous lesions revealed a suppurative, diffuse dermatitis with numerous intracellular protozoa. serology was positive for both l. infantum (1:640) and n. caninum (1:800). double-label immunohistochemical staining of s ... | 2001 | 11705654 |
| virulence of leishmania infantum is expressed as a clonal and dominant phenotype in experimental infections. | human leishmania infantum infection results in a spectrum of clinical expressions ranging from cutaneous to either asymptomatic or fatal visceral disease. in this context, characterization of parasite virulence appears to be relevant as a biological marker of intrinsic parasitic factors that can affect the pathology of leishmaniasis. since parasite populations in naturally infected hosts are likely to be composed of multiclonal associations, we first explored the biodiversity of parasite virulen ... | 2001 | 11705909 |
| expression of green fluorescent protein as a marker for effects of antileishmanial compounds in vitro. | transgenic leishmania infantum promastigotes, which constitutively express green fluorescent protein (gfp) in their cytoplasm, were used to monitor the effects of antileishmanial compounds in real time. the gfp-based assay provided a reliable measure of drug-induced inhibitory effects on protein expression, resulting in a dynamic picture of the responses of leishmanial promastigotes to the compounds tested. | 2001 | 11709363 |
| genetic heterogeneity and phylogenetic status of leishmania (leishmania) infantum zymodeme mon-1: epidemiological implications. | leishinania (leishmania) infantum zymodeme mon-1 is responsible for the majority of visceral leishmaniasis cases around the mediterranean basin, albeit that it causes also cutaneous forms. the mon classification is based on starch gel multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mlee) typing. the aim of this work was to explore further the genetic diversity and phytogenetic status of this zymodeme by alternative typing techniques. fourteen l. (l.) infantum/l. (l.) chagasi stocks identified as mon-1 by mle ... | 2001 | 11719952 |
| characterisation of a monoclonal antibody recognising specifically the hsp70 from leishmania. | heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70) is ubiquitously distributed along the evolutionary scale and has such an amino acid sequence conservation that it is considered the most evolutionarily conserved protein. in order to obtain immunological tools specific against leishmania infantum hsp70, hybridomas were established that secreted monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against recombinant l. infantum hsp70. one of them, named mab 2b8d2, specifically reacted with the leishmania protein and did not recognise hsp70 ... | 2001 | 11728013 |
| [circumscribed and confluent papular rash in the trunk and hands in a male patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus]. | 2001 | 11747792 | |
| [visceral leishmaniasis associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection]. | 2001 | 11747803 | |
| development and application of 'simple' diagnostic tools for visceral leishmaniasis. | the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis is difficult. due to the limitations of direct methods to detect parasites, indirect immunological methods are widely employed. the simple affordable and sensitive/specific direct agglutination test (dat) is perhaps the most important diagnostic tool under field conditions. a significant improvement of this test is the use of a freeze-dried antigen, which is heat-stable and has a long shelf-live even under harsh conditions. the performance of this antigen ... | 2001 | 11770114 |
| comparison of six pcr methods using peripheral blood for detection of canine visceral leishmaniasis. | the objectives of this study were to compare the sensitivities and reliabilities of different pcr methods for the diagnosis and epidemiological study of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) using dog blood. we chose to work with peripheral blood, as this type of sampling is noninvasive, straightforward, and easy to repeat. six pcr methods were compared: three primer pairs target genomic dna, and the other three target kinetoplast (mitochondrial) dna. sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and ... | 2002 | 11773118 |
| evidence for an impact on the incidence of canine leishmaniasis by the mass use of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars in southern italy. | dogs are the domestic reservoir of leishmania infantum nicolle (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae), the agent of zoonotic human visceral leishmaniasis. in southern europe, where canine leishmaniasis (canl) is widespread due to l. infantum, killing seropositive dogs is considered unacceptable and drug treatment has low efficacy in preventing transmission. we made a field evaluation of the efficacy of deltamethrin dog collars in a canl focus of southern italy, mount vesuvius area of campania region ... | 2001 | 11776454 |
| localized lymphadenopathy due to leishmanial infection. | a 25-year-old female patient presented with an isolated cervical lymph node enlargement several months after having returned from spain and latin america. she had no other signs or symptoms of disease. leishmania infantum/chagasi was identified as the causative agent. with extended travel activities localized lymph node enlargement due to leishmanial infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy of unknown origin. | 2001 | 11787841 |
| no evidence of oxidant events in amphotericin b cytotoxicity versus l. infantum promastigotes. | amphotericin b is used for the treatment of systemic mycoses and visceral leishmaniasis. the objective of our study was to evaluate the impact of catalase, ascorbic acid and ketoconazole on the amphotericin b toxicity towards leishmania promastigotes membrane by two flow cytometric tests, the membrane potential assay using a cationic dye, [dioc5(3)], and the membrane permeability test using propidium iodide. the collapse of membrane potential appeared at amphotericin b concentrations weaker than ... | 2001 | 11802270 |
| [the phlebotomines of portugal. x--natural infestation of phlebotomus perniciosus by leishmania infantum mon-1 in algarve]. | 2001 | 11802277 | |
| antigenic properties of the leishmania infantum grp94 and mapping of linear b-cell epitopes. | in this study, we show that the glucose-regulated protein 94 (grp94) from leishmania infantum is a major target for humoral immune response during both visceral (vl) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (mcl). also, the time-course of appearance of anti-grp94 antibodies along the infection was analysed in hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) experimentally infected with l. infantum. remarkably, the reactivity against the leishmania grp94 was observed very soon after challenge, at the time of appearance of ... | 2002 | 11803053 |
| a heterologous prime-boost regime using dna and recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the leishmania infantum p36/lack antigen protects balb/c mice from cutaneous leishmaniasis. | a heterologous prime-boost vaccination with dna vectors and vaccinia virus recombinants (vvr) has been shown to enhance specific cellular immune responses and to elicit significant protection against pathogens in animal models. in this study, we have analyzed, in the leishmaniasis cutaneous murine model, the effectiveness of this prime-boost strategy by immunizing with a dna vector followed by boost with a vvr expressing the same leishmania infantum p36/lack antigen. after dna priming and vvr bo ... | 2002 | 11803085 |
| genetic variability within the species leishmania infantum by rapd. a lack of correlation with zymodeme structure. | the infraspecific variability of the species leishmania infantum is studied by using genetic markers generated by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd). we have applied this technique, using 18 primers of arbitrary sequence, to 33 strains of the parasite belonging to 18 zymodemes isolated in different clinical forms and hosts. other strains belonging to the species l. donovani, l. major, l. tropica and l. mexicana were used as a reference. the rapd technique produced very different genetic pro ... | 2002 | 11814577 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in a new york foxhound kennel. | although endemic throughout much of the world, autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis has been reported on only 3 previous occasions in north america. after diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in 4 foxhounds from a kennel in dutchess county, new york (index kennel), serum and ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (edta)-anticoagulated blood were collected from the remaining 108 american or cross-bred foxhounds in the index kennel and from 30 beagles and basset hounds that were periodically housed in th ... | 2002 | 11822802 |
| correlation between in vitro and in vivo infectivity of leishmania infantum clones. | eleven clones of a single strain of leishmania infantum (mcan/es/88/iss441, doba) were analyzed for biological behavior in vivo and in vitro. different clones showed differences in growth dependent upon the two culture media employed. all clones displayed only slight differences in h2o2 and nano2 sensitivity compared to the original strain, whereas in vitro infectivity for mouse peritoneal macrophages differed significantly among the clones. in vivo infections in hamsters correlated strongly wit ... | 2001 | 11831769 |
| nitric oxide production by leishmania-infected macrophages and modulation by prostaglandin e2. | nitric oxide (no), produced by the nitric oxide synthase (inos) enzyme, is the most-important molecule responsible for the killing of leishmania parasites by macrophages. in previous work we have demonstrated that, after activation with recombinant human interferon-gamma and/or bacterial lipopolysaccharide, human macrophages infected with leishmania infantum are able to produce nitric oxide and to express nitric oxide synthase. the arachidonate derivative prostaglandin e2 has been shown to modul ... | 2001 | 11833850 |
| evaluation of the leishmania recombinant k39 antigen as a diagnostic marker for canine leishmaniasis and validation of a standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | canine infections with leishmania infantum are important as a cause of serious disease in the dog and as a reservoir for human visceral leishmaniasis (vl). accurate diagnosis of canine infections is essential to the veterinary community and for vl surveillance programs. a standardized elisa using a purified recombinant antigen (rk39) specific to vl was compared to the immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat) as the standard. the elisa was developed, optimized and evaluated using sera from 6368 dog ... | 2002 | 11836028 |
| autochthonous mucosal leishmaniasis in a hemodialyzed italian patient. | a case of mucosal leishmaniasis in a 60-year old hemodialysis patient who had never lived outside italy is described. the patient complained of fever, epistaxis and nasal obstruction. an anterior rhinoscopy disclosed a mass of two centimetres in diameter in the right nasal fossa. histological examination revealed leishmania amastigotes. serology for leishmania was positive with antibody titer of 1/320. a culture yielded a very slow growth of leishmania infantum mon-24. in spite of a two-month tr ... | 2002 | 11841048 |
| il-15 in human visceral leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum. | interleukin (il)-15 is a recently discovered cytokine with the ability to stimulate the proliferation activity of th1 and/or th2 lymphocytes. here, we investigated the involvement of il-15 in the immune response to leishmania infantum infection by studying patients with visceral leishmaniasis (vl). we found that il-15 is produced by leishmanial antigen (lag)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from active vl patients at a significantly higher level than those produced by cells f ... | 2002 | 11876762 |
| [isolated laryngeal leishmaniasis and bone marrow culture]. | 2002 | 11886684 | |
| [particular profile of the zymodemes of leishmania infantum causing visceral leishmaniasis in tunisia]. | the isoenzymatic typing of 16 stocks of leishmania, isolated from tunisian visceral leishmaniasis (vl) cases, revealed that all strains belonged to leishmania (l.) infantum species. although zymodeme mon-1 was predictably the most frequent (9 cases), it came as a surprise that l. infantum mon-24 was responsible of about third of cases. this latter zymodeme, while previously reported in tunisia, algeria and spain, was assumed to be a dermotropic and the few cases of vl that it caused occurred alw ... | 2001 | 11889934 |
| [visceral leishmaniasis in cameroon. seroepidemiologic survey in the kousseri region, north cameroon]. | a sero-epidemiological survey of school children was carried out in kousseri, a focus for visceral leishmaniasis. sero-immunological assays for the detection of anti-leishmania antibodies were based on the indirect immunofluorescence assay test and counter-immunoelectrophoresis. 9 out of 223 school children tested positive for visceral leishmaniasis (seroprevalence rate of 4%). these 9 cases had no history of the disease. the data obtained confirm the endemicity of visceral leishmaniasis in this ... | 2001 | 11889946 |
| [isolated laringeal leishmaniasis and bone marrow culture (reply)]. | 2002 | 11904090 | |
| [imported cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum confirmed with immunoassay]. | localized cutaneous leishmaniasis acquired in france is rarely reported. diagnosis usually relies on detection of leishmania on smears or by culture. | 2001 | 11907968 |
| latent activity of curcumin against leishmaniasis in vitro. | in this study the anti-proliferative effect of curcumin (curcuma longa) that is the active ingredient of ground dried rhizome has been studied against three local and three reference leishmanial strains, leishmania major, leishmania tropica and leishmania infantum (pakistani isolate). curcumin has shown an average ic50 of 5.3 microm against promastigotes of various leishmanial strains which is much lower as compared with pentamidine that is one of the basic treatments against leishmaniasis. the ... | 2002 | 11913540 |
| serum concentrations of acute phase proteins in dogs with leishmaniasis. | the concentrations of haptoglobin, c-reactive protein and ceruloplasmin were measured in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs naturally infected by leishmania infantum, and in healthy uninfected dogs to determine the potential value of these proteins for the diagnosis and prognosis of leishmaniasis. the concentrations of the acute phase proteins were significantly higher in the dogs with leishmaniasis than in the control dogs, and the concentration of c-reactive protein was significantly higher in ... | 2002 | 11916025 |
| risk factors associated with asymptomatic infection by leishmania chagasi in north-east brazil. | various factors have been associated with a predisposition to the development of clinical american visceral leishmaniasis (avl). however, little information is available about the factors that predispose to asymptomatic infection. to identify the risk factors associated with asymptomatic infection, a study was carried out between july 1997 and june 1998 on children aged 0-5 years in the districts of vila nova and bom viver in the municipality of raposa in the island of são luís, state of maranhã ... | 2002 | 11925984 |
| isoenzymatic identification of leishmania isolates from repeated clinical human leishmaniasis episodes in catalonia (spain). | forty human strains of leishmania infantum isolated in 1985-99 from 17 patients with repeated cutaneous, mucosal or visceral leishmaniasis episodes in catalonia (spain) were examined by isoenzyme electrophoresis. six zymodemes were revealed: mon-1, mon-24, mon-28, mon-29, mon-33 and mon-34. in 2 patients 2 different zymodemes were identified in consecutive episodes. | 2002 | 11925990 |