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characterization of acc deaminase gene in pseudomonas entomophila strain ps-pjh isolated from the rhizosphere soil.the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase cleaves the ethylene precursor acc into alpha-ketobutyrate and ammonia. the decreased level of ethylene allows the plant to be more resistant to a wide environmental stress including plant pathogens. in the present study, we characterized the acc deaminase activity of a pseudomonas entomophila strain ps-pjh isolated from the red pepper rhizosphere region of red pepper grown at jinan, korea. the isolate produced 23.8 +/- 0.4 micromol of ...201020082369
the effect of cyanide compounds, fluorides, aluminum, and inorganic oxides present in spent pot liner on germination and root tip cells of lactuca sativa.spl (spent pot liner) is a solid waste produced by the aluminum industry. this waste has a highly variable composition, consisting of cyanides, fluorides, organics, and metals. the aim of this work was to study the effect of spl on root tips of lactuca sativa using current plant bioassays. we observed a decrease in the germination rate with increasing concentrations of spl. in addition, spl was found to reduce root growth, which is correlated with a decrease in the mitotic index. nevertheless, w ...201020092896
terrestrial short-term ecotoxicity of a green formicide.when ants become annoying, large quantities of formicide are applied to terrestrial ecosystems in tropical regions, but awareness of the health and environmental impacts related to the use of synthetic pesticides has been increasing. the use of green pesticides to combat target organisms could reduce these impacts. in this regard, terrestrial ecotoxicity tests with higher plants (brassica olaracea, lactuca sativa and mucuna aterrima), annelids (eisenia foetida), collembola (folsomia candida) and ...201020117837
[bio-objects and biological methods of space radiation effects evaluation].the unique conditions of space experiments place austere requirements to bio-objects and biological methods of radiation effects evaluation. the paper discusses suitability of a number of bio-objects varying in stage of evolution and metabolism for space researches aimed to state common patterns of the radiation damage caused by heavy ions (hi), and character of hi-cell interaction. physical detectors in space experiments of the bioblock series make it possible to identify bio-objects hit by spa ...200920120909
the role of heterologous chloroplast sequence elements in transgene integration and expression.heterologous regulatory elements and flanking sequences have been used in chloroplast transformation of several crop species, but their roles and mechanisms have not yet been investigated. nucleotide sequence identity in the photosystem ii protein d1 (psba) upstream region is 59% across all taxa; similar variation was consistent across all genes and taxa examined. secondary structure and predicted gibbs free energy values of the psba 5' untranslated region (utr) among different families reflecte ...201020130101
reduced photosynthetic activity is directly correlated with 2-(3h)-benzoxazolinone accumulation in lettuce leaves.2-(3h)-benzoxazolinone (boa) is a secondary plant metabolite previously found to inhibit plant growth and development. the phytotoxic activity of boa has been extensively demonstrated over the last years. however, the relation of boa phytotoxicity with boa accumulation in plant leaves has not been thoroughly investigated. in this work, boa phytotoxicity on photosynthesis (phipsii and pn) of lettuce (lactuca sativa l. cv. great lakes) was studied, and these results were correlated with boa quanti ...201020143137
phytoavailability of cadmium in long-term biosolids-amended soils.agronomic use of biosolids has raised concern that plant availability of biosolids-cd will increase with time after cessation of biosolids application. it has been demonstrated that chemical extractability of cd is persistently decreased in biosolids-amended soils. this study was conducted to determine if cd phytoavailability in long-term biosolids-amended soils was also persistently decreased. paired control and biosolids-amended soils were collected from three experimental sites where large cu ...201720176825
modification of cell wall properties in lettuce improves shelf life.it is proposed that post-harvest longevity and appearance of salad crops is closely linked to pre-harvest leaf morphology (cell and leaf size) and biophysical structure (leaf strength). transgenic lettuce plants (lactuca sativa cv. valeria) were produced in which the production of the cell wall-modifying enzyme xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (xth) was down-regulated by antisense inhibition. independently transformed lines were shown to have multiple members of the lsxth gene family do ...201020179011
ecotoxicological risk assessment of undisturbed metal contaminated soil at two remote lighthouse sites.ecotoxicological risk assessments of contaminated soil are commonly completed using guideline values based on total concentrations. however, only certain fractions of contaminants are bioavailable and pose a hazard to the environment. this paper investigates the relationship between measured metal concentrations in soil and soil leachate, and the effects in organisms exposed to intact, undisturbed soil cores (wheat, tricum aestivum) and soil leachate (lettuce, lactuca sativa, and water flea, dap ...201020189647
anti-leukaemic effects of two extract types of lactuca sativa correlate with the activation of chk2, induction of p21, downregulation of cyclin d1 and acetylation of alpha-tubulin.the water extract of the lettuce lactuca sativa, but not the ethyl acetate extract, inhibited the growth of hl-60 leukaemia cells and mcf-7 breast cancer cells. this correlated with the activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (chk2), the induction of the tumour suppressor p21, and the severe downregulation of the proto-oncogene cyclin d1. the ethyl acetate extract, but not the water extract, induced hl-60 cell death, which correlated with the acetylation of alpha-tubulin. the acetylation of alpha-tubu ...201020204303
hydrolysis of benzonitrile herbicides by soil actinobacteria and metabolite toxicity.the soil actinobacteria rhodococcus rhodochrous pa-34, rhodococcus sp. ndb 1165 and nocardia globerula nhb-2 grown in the presence of isobutyronitrile exhibited nitrilase activities towards benzonitrile (approx. 1.1-1.9 u mg(-1) dry cell weight). the resting cell suspensions eliminated benzonitrile and the benzonitrile analogues chloroxynil (3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) and ioxynil (3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) (0.5 mm each) from reacti ...201020204468
relative tolerance of a range of australian native plant species and lettuce to copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead.the tolerance of wild flora to heavy-metal exposure has received very little research. in this study, the tolerance of four native tree species, four native grass species, and lettuce to copper (cu), zinc (zn), cadmium (cd), and lead (pb) was investigated in a root-elongation study using petri dishes. the results of these studies show a diverse range of responses to cu, zn, cd, and pb amongst the tested plant species. toxicity among metals decreased in the following order: cd ~ cu > pb > zn. met ...201020213195
phosphomannose isomerase gene for selection in lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) transformation.a positive selection system using phosphomannose isomerase was employed for agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of lettuce (lactuca sativa l. var. 'achát'). it was shown that the mannose-based selection system works very well with the lettuce genotype used, reaching up to 25% transformation efficiency on the medium with 20 g/l mannose and 20 g/l sucrose. the best transformation efficacy with the commonly-used kanamycin at 100 mg/l as a selection agent was 21%. southern blot analyse ...201020234883
allelochemical, eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids from inula falconeri.we have identified through bioassay guided isolation an allelochemical, eudesmane-type sesquiterpeniod, 3beta-caffeoxyl-beta1,8alpha-dihydroxyeudesm-4(15)-ene (1), from an endemic plant species growing in the himalayas. in our search for the bioactive subfraction, the hexane one was highly significant, showing 100% inhibition of lettuce seed growth at 100 ppm while other subfractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water) exhibited inhibitory to stimulatory allelopathic effects. the bioa ...201020336000
accelerated metolachlor degradation in soil by zerovalent iron and compost amendments.soil incubation and germination tests were conducted to assess zerovalent iron (zvi), organic compost, moisture and their combinations on metolachlor degradation in soil. the zvi alone degraded 91% of metolachlor in soil within 40 days following bi-phasic kinetics. organic amendment alone facilitated metolachlor degradation in soil up to 60% after 40 days depending on the amendment rate. however, the combination of zvi with compost amendment at 30 ton ha(-1) and 30% moisture content accelerated ...201020352186
biofortification of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) with iodine: the effect of iodine form and concentration in the nutrient solution on growth, development and iodine uptake of lettuce grown in water culture.iodine is an essential trace element for humans. two billion individuals have insufficient iodine intake. biofortification of vegetables with iodine offers an excellent opportunity to increase iodine intake by humans. the main aim was to study the effect of iodine form and concentration in the nutrient solution on growth, development and iodine uptake of lettuce, grown in water culture.201020355129
regulation of cell division and growth in roots of lactuca sativa l. seedlings by the ent-kaurene diterpenoid rabdosin b.rabdosin b, an ent-kaurene diterpenoid purified from the air-dried aerial parts of isodon japonica (burm.f) hara var. galaucocalyx (maxin) hara, showed a biphasic, dose-dependent effect on root growth and a strong inhibitory effect on root hair development in lettuce seedlings (lactuca sativa l.). lower concentrations of rabdosin b (20-80 microm) significantly promoted root growth, but its higher levels at 120-200 microm, by contrast, had inhibitory effects. additionally, all tested concentratio ...201020376693
effect of water treatment residuals on soil phosphorus, copper and aluminium availability and toxicity.water treatment residuals (wtrs) are produced by the treatment of potable water with coagulating agents. beneficial recycling in agriculture is hampered by the fact that wtrs contain potentially toxic contaminants (e.g. copper and aluminium) and they bind phosphorus strongly. these issues were investigated using a plant bioassay (lactuca sativa), chemical extractions and an isotopic dilution technique. two wtrs were applied to an acidic and a neutral ph soil at six rates. reductions in plant gro ...201020378219
spermine delays leaf senescence in lactuca sativa and prevents the decay of chloroplast photosystems.aliphatic polyamines (pas) are involved in the delay or prevention of plant senescence, but the molecular mechanism is not clarified. the hypothesis is put forward that one of the mechanisms by which pas modulate leaf senescence and chlorophyll stabilisation could be due to their modification of chlorophyll-bound proteins, catalysed by transglutaminase (tgase, r-glutaminylpeptide-amine gamma-glutamyltransferase; e.c. 2.3.2.13). the retardation of leaf senescence of lactuca sativa l. by spermine ...201020381367
metal uptake in a peri-urban lactuca sativa cultivated area.in this study, two lactuca sativa crops grown in a net-protected site and an unprotected site were compared. the results showed metals were accumulated by lactuca sativa. higher metal accumulation in lettuce grown in the unprotected parcel was established, and the only significant differences in their physicochemical properties were cation exchange capacity and exposure to sunlight. exposure to the sun may translate into higher soil-plant flux of water and/or higher decomposition rate of organic ...201020390850
a comparative study of human health risks via consumption of food crops grown on wastewater irrigated soil (peshawar) and relatively clean water irrigated soil (lower dir).food crops irrigated with wastewater are mostly contaminated with heavy metals and considered as a main pathway for human exposure. in this study, soil and food crops samples were collected from wastewater irrigated soils, background and relatively less polluted areas. results of the sequential extraction and total metals concentrations in soils indicated that wastewater irrigation has significantly increased (p > or = 0.001) the bioavailable and total metal contents in wastewater irrigated soil ...201020399016
light-induced root hair formation in lettuce (lactuca sativa l. cv. grand rapids) roots at low ph is brought by chlorogenic acid synthesis and sugar.previously, we reported that chlorogenic acid (cga) facilitated root hair formation at ph 4.0 in lettuce (lactuca sativa l. cv. grand rapids). light was essential for this process. in the present study, we determined relationships between cga, light, and sugar during root hair formation in lettuce seedlings. the amount of cga increased with white light in intact seedlings. exogenously applied cga restored root hair formation in dark-grown intact seedlings at ph 4.0. however, no root hair formati ...201020437192
host range and complete genome sequence of cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus, a new member of the genus crinivirus.cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (ccyv) causes chlorotic yellows on cucumber (cucumis sativus) and melon (cucumis melo) and is transmitted by bemisia tabaci biotype b and q whiteflies. to characterize the host range of ccyv, 21 cucurbitaceous and 12 other plant species were inoculated using whitefly vectors. all tested cucumis spp. except cucumis anguria and cucumis zeyheri were systemically infected with ccyv, although infection rates varied among species. citrullus lanatus, cucurbita pepo, and ...201020465411
quality traits of conventional and transgenic lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) at harvesting by nmr metabolic profiling.metabolism of genetically modified (gm) lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) leaves was investigated by comparing nmr metabolic profiles of three lines (t(3)b12, t(7)b7, and t(7)b14) overexpressing the e. coli asparagine synthetase a gene with those of the wild type (wt) at 24, 56, and 64 days after sowing (das). statistical analyses based on hydro-soluble compound profiles significantly and maximally discriminated the wt from gm-lines at optimal harvest time (56 das). the t(7)b14 metabolic variations we ...201020469910
photosynthetic responses of lettuce to downy mildew infection and cytokinin treatment.changes in primary metabolism of lettuce, lactuca sativa l. (cv. cobham green), induced by compatible interaction with the biotrophic oomycete pathogen bremia lactucae regel (race bl 16), under two intensities of illumination in the presence and absence of exogenous cytokinins were studied by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. thirteen days post-inoculation leaf discs infected by b. lactucae exhibited impairments of photosynthesis associated with biotrophic infections, including: reductions in ph ...201020471849
effects of seasonal variation on sensory properties and total phenolic content of 5 lettuce cultivars.butterhead, crisphead, green leaf, red leaf, and romaine types of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) are all commonly available in u.s. markets. sensory properties of lettuce may vary in response to environmental factors that often fluctuate widely throughout the growing season. bitterness is generally thought to increase in lettuce grown at higher temperatures and may be related to phenolic content. this study evaluated sensory properties and total phenolic content of 5 lettuce cultivars harvested ear ...201020492312
influence of soil fumigation by methyl bromide and methyl iodide on rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbial community structure.rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbial communities were evaluated on roots and leaves of growth chamber-grown lettuce (lactuca sativa (l.) cv. green forest) plants by culture-dependent and -independent methods after soil fumigation. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) with 16s rrna primers followed by cloning and sequencing was used to identify major rrna bands from the rhizosphere and phyllosphere. three weeks after fumigation, there were no differences (p = 0.16) in rhizosphere micr ...201020512733
constituents of calamintha ashei: effects on florida sandhill species.chemical constituents of the perennial shrub calamintha ashei have been characterized as part of our investigation of the allelopathic properties of this plant. besides the known monoterpenes, (+)-evodone, (-)-calaminthone and (+)-desacetylcalaminthone, fresh aerial parts of c. ashei provided six new menthofurans, two new germacrane sesquiterpenes, and the six, known flavonoids: 5-desmethoxynobiletin, 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,4'-tetramethoxyflavone, 5,4'-dihydroxy-6,7,8,3'-tetramethoxyflavone, thymonin, ...201020521531
cytogenotoxicity of cymbopogon citratus (dc) stapf (lemon grass) aqueous extracts in vegetal test systems.the lemon grass, cymbopogon citratus (dc) stapf, is an important species of poaceae family commonly used in the folk medicine in many countries. the aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extracts from c. citratus leaves on lactuca sativa (lettuce) root tip meristem cells by cytogenetic studies that have never been done before for lemon grass extracts. for this, lettuce seeds were treated for 72h with different concentrations of lemon grass aqueous ex ...201020563411
identification of three relationships linking cadmium accumulation to cadmium tolerance and zinc and citrate accumulation in lettuce.lettuce (lactuca sativa) is a plant species that shows high accumulation of cadmium, a toxic heavy metal. lettuce is therefore a good model both for identifying determinants controlling cadmium accumulation in plant tissues and for developing breeding strategies aimed at limiting cadmium accumulation in edible tissues. in this work, 14-day-old plants from three lettuce varieties were grown for 8 days on media supplemented with cadmium concentrations ranging from 0 to 50 microm. growth, as well a ...201020576318
hydroxylation at carbon-2 of ent-16-oxo-17-norkauran-19-oic acid by fusarium proliferatum.a new product of biotransformation of ent-16-oxo-17-norkauran-19-oic acid (1) by fusarium proliferatum was isolated and identified as a 2beta-hydroxy derivative (2). the structure of 2 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation and single-crystal x-ray diffraction analysis. the allelopathic activity of compound 2 was evaluated on the growth of radicals and shoots of lactuca sativa (lettuce). this is the first time that fungal hydroxylation at position c-2 has been reported ...201020617817
phytotoxic activities of mediterranean essential oils.twelve essential oils from mediterranean aromatic plants were tested for their phytotoxic activity, at different doses, against the germination and the initial radicle growth of seeds of raphanus sativus, lactuca sativa and lepidium sativum. the essential oils were obtained from hyssopus officinalis, lavandula angustifolia, majorana hortensis, melissa officinalis, ocimum basilicum, origanum vulgare, salvia officinalis and thymus vulgaris (lamiaceae), verbena officinalis (verbenaceae), pimpinella ...201020657443
flow cytometric assessment of cd genotoxicity in three plants with different metal accumulation and detoxification capacities.cadmium (cd) is a widespread environmental contaminant, strongly mutagenic and known to cause dna damage in plants. in this work, flow cytometry (fcm) was applied to determine if in vivo exposure to cd would induce genotoxic effects at the genome level. the hyper-accumulator thlaspi caerulescens (j. & c. presl), the related non-accumulator thlaspi arvense l. and the accumulator crop species lactuca sativa l. were germinated in distilled water and grown in modified hoagland's medium with increasi ...201020663557
quantitative trait loci associated with longevity of lettuce seeds under conventional and controlled deterioration storage conditions.lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) seeds have poor shelf life and exhibit thermoinhibition (fail to germinate) above ∼25°c. seed priming (controlled hydration followed by drying) alleviates thermoinhibition by increasing the maximum germination temperature, but reduces lettuce seed longevity. controlled deterioration (cd) or accelerated ageing storage conditions (i.e. elevated temperature and relative humidity) are used to study seed longevity and to predict potential seed lifetimes under conventional ...201020693410
a gene encoding an abscisic acid biosynthetic enzyme (lsnced4) collocates with the high temperature germination locus htg6.1 in lettuce (lactuca sp.).thermoinhibition, or failure of seeds to germinate when imbibed at warm temperatures, can be a significant problem in lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) production. the reliability of stand establishment would be improved by increasing the ability of lettuce seeds to germinate at high temperatures. genes encoding germination- or dormancy-related proteins were mapped in a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between l. sativa cv. salinas and l. serriola accession uc96us23. this reveal ...201120703871
toxicity assessment of oil field produced water treated by evaporative processes to produce water to irrigation.during the productive life of an oil well, a high quantity of produced water is extracted together with the oil, and it may achieve up to 99% in the end of the well's economical life. desalination is one of mankind's earliest forms of saline water treatment, and nowadays, it is still a common process used throughout the world. a single-effect mechanical vapor compression (mvc) process was tested. this paper aims to assess the potential toxicity of produced water to be re-used in irrigation. samp ...201020706017
metabolites from withania aristata with potential phytotoxic activity.a series of apocarotenoids (1-8) and one carotenoid (9) were isolated from the leaves of withania aristata. in addition, the tetraacetylated apocarotenoid glucosides 10-12 were obtained by acetylation, with derivative 9-hydroxymegastigma-4,6e-dien-3-one 9-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside tetraacetate (10) being described for the first time. the structures have been determined by spectroscopic and spectrometric means, mainly nmr and esi-ms, and comparison with data reported in the literature. these metab ...201020734937
characterization of volatile production during storage of lettuce (lactuca sativa) seed.the duration that seeds stay vigorous during storage is difficult to predict but critical to seed industry and conservation communities. production of volatile compounds from lettuce seeds during storage was investigated as a non-invasive and early detection method of seed ageing rates. over 30 volatile compounds were detected from lettuce seeds during storage at 35 degrees c at water contents ranging from 0.03 to 0.09 g h(2)o g(-1) dw. both qualitative and quantitative differences in volatile c ...201020819791
responses of mikania micrantha, an invasive weed to elevated co₂: induction of β-caryophyllene synthase, changes in emission capability and allelopathic potential of β-caryophyllene.to better understand the effect of predicted elevated levels of carbon dioxide (co₂) on an invasive weed mikania micrantha, we constructed a suppressive subtractive hybridization (ssh) library from the leaves of m. micrantha exposed to co₂ at 350 and 750 ppm for 6 d, and isolated a novel gene named β-caryophyllene synthase. β-caryophyllene synthase catalyses the conversion of farnesyl diphosphate to β-caryophyllene, a volatile sesquiterpene with allelopathic potential. real-time pcr analysis rev ...201020821346
toxicity of methyl tert butyl ether to soil invertebrates (springtails: folsomia candida, proisotoma minuta, and onychiurus folsomi) and lettuce (lactuca sativa).experiments were conducted to assess the toxicity of methyl tert butyl ether (mtbe) to three species of collembola (proisotoma minuta, folsomia candida, and onychiurus folsomi) and lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) using an artificial organization for economic cooperation and development (oecd) soil and field-collected sandy loam and silt loam soil samples. soil invertebrate tests were carried out in airtight vials to prevent volatilization of mtbe out of the test units and to allow for direct head-sp ...201020821452
phytotoxic activity of flavonoids from dicranostyles ampla.crude extracts from over 16 species of plants from the family convolvulaceae were evaluated for phytotoxic activity against agrostis stolonifera (bentgrass) and lactuca sativa (lettuce) at 1000 microg/ml. ethanol extracts of dicranostyles ampla ducke were among the most active of those species tested. systematic bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts from this species was performed to identify specifically the phytotoxic compounds. two phytotoxic flavonoids, dih ...201020839625
phytotoxicity of sarmentine isolated from long pepper (piper longum) fruit.discovery of novel natural herbicides has become crucial to overcome increasing weed resistance and environmental issues. in this article, we describe the finding that a methanol extract of dry long pepper (piper longum l.) fruits is phytotoxic to lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) seedlings. the bioassay-guided fractionation and purification of the crude extract led to isolation of sarmentine (1), a known compound, as the active principle. phytotoxicity of 1 was examined with a variety of seedlings of ...201020839888
can δ(15)n in lettuce tissues reveal the use of synthetic nitrogen fertiliser in organic production?the nitrogen isotopic fingerprint (δ(15)n) is reported to be a promising indicator for differentiating between organically and conventionally grown vegetables. however, the effect on plant δ(15)n of split nitrogen fertilisation, which could enable farmers to cover up the use of synthetic fertiliser, is not well studied. in this study the use of δ(15)n in lettuce as a potential marker for identifying the use of synthetic nitrogen fertiliser was tested on pot-grown lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) trea ...201120862716
molecular analysis of a homogentisate phytyltransferase gene from lactuca sativa l.tocochromanols, usually known as vitamin e, play a crucial role in human and animal nutrition. the enzyme homogentisate phytyltransferase (hpt) performs the first committed step of the vitamin e biosynthetic pathway. the full-length cdna encoding hpt was isolated from lactuca sativa l. by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the cdna, designated as lshpt, was 1,670 bp long containing an open reading frame (orf) of 1,185 bp which encoded a protein of 395 amino acids. sequence analysis indicat ...201020872075
effect of induced oxidative stress and herbal extracts on acid phosphatase activity in lysosomal and microsomal fractions of midgut tissue of the silkworm, bombyx mori.lysosomal and microsomal acid phosphatase activity was estimated in midgut tissue of silkworm larvae, bombyx mori l. (lepidoptera: bombycidae), after induced oxidative stress by d-galactose. the larvae were simultaneously were treated with ethanolic extracts of bacopa monniera and lactuca sativa to study their antioxidant properties. lipid peroxidation and fluorescence was measured to analyze extent of oxidative stress. the ethanolic extract of lactuca sativa was found to be more effective in pr ...201020874583
use of arsenic contaminated irrigation water for lettuce cropping: effects on soil, groundwater, and vegetal.the present study investigated the effects of using arsenic (as) contaminated irrigation water in lactuca sativa l. cropping. two different arsenic concentrations, i.e., 25 and 85 μg l(-1) and two different soils, i.e., sandy and clay loam, were taken into account. we determined the arsenic mobility in the different soil fractions, its amount in groundwater, and the phytotoxicity and genotoxicity. nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) and inductively coupled plasma (icp) were used to assess the lettu ...201120882365
existence of vigorous lineages of crop-wild hybrids in lettuce under field conditions.plant to plant gene flow is a route of environmental exposure for gm plants specifically since crosses with wild relatives could lead to the formation of more vigorous hybrids, which could increase the rate of introgression and the environmental impact. here, we test the first step in the process of potential transgene introgression: whether hybrid vigor can be inherited to the next generation, which could lead to fixation of altered, i.e., elevated, quantitative traits. the potential for a perm ...201020883659
herbicidal activity of volatiles from coriander, winter savory, cotton lavender, and thyme isolated by hydrodistillation and supercritical fluid extraction.the volatiles from coriandrum sativum l., satureja montana l., santolina chamaecyparissus l., and thymus vulgaris l. were isolated by hydrodistillation (essential oil) and supercritical fluid extraction (volatile oil). their effect on seed germination and root and shoot growth of the surviving seedlings of four crops ( zea mays l., triticum durum l., pisum sativum l., and lactuca sativa l.) and two weeds ( portulaca oleracea l. and vicia sativa l.) was investigated and compared with those of two ...201020886818
testing the validity of a cd soil quality standard in representative mediterranean agricultural soils under an accumulator crop.the validity of a quality standard for cadmium (cd) in representative agricultural mediterranean soils under an accumulator crop (lactuca sativa l.) is evaluated in this work considering both its effect on the crop growth (biomass production) and the metal accumulation in the edible part of the plant. four soils with different properties relevant to regulate the behaviour of heavy metals were selected from the valencian region, a representative area of the european mediterranean region. for all ...201020947133
scale up of 2,4-dichlorophenol removal from aqueous solutions using brassica napus hairy roots.chlorophenols are harmful pollutants, frequently found in the effluents of several industries. for this reason, many environmental friendly technologies are being explored for their removal from industrial wastewaters. the aim of the present work was to study the scale up of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp) removal from synthetic wastewater, using brassica napus hairy roots and h(2)o(2) in a discontinuous stirred tank reactor. we have analyzed some operational conditions, because the scale up of suc ...201120951495
potential of a metal-organic framework as a new material for solid-phase extraction of pesticides from lettuce (lactuca sativa), with analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.the metal-organic framework (∞)[(la(0.9)eu(0.1))(2)(dpa)(3)(h(2)o)(3)] was tested for extraction of pyrimicarb, procymidone, malathion, methyl parathion and α- and β-endosulfan from lettuce, with analysis using gc/ms in sim mode. experiments were carried out in triplicate at two fortification levels (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg), and resulted in recoveries in the range of 78-107%, with rsd values between 1.6 and 8.0% for (∞)[(la(0.9)eu(0.1))(2)(dpa)(3)(h(2)o)(3)] sorbent. detection and quantification limi ...201020972975
effects of industrial waste water on heavy metal accumulation, growth and biochemical responses of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.).the waste water showed high values of total solid (ts), hardness and chloride with slightly alkaline ph along with high concentrations of cr (2.03 mg l(-1)), ni (1.59 mg l(-1)) and zn (0.46 mg l(-1)). the concentration of cu (0.21 mg l(-1)) and zn in industrial waste water was low than ni and cr. the diluted (25 and 50%), undiluted (100%) waste water was used to irrigate the lettuce plants grown in alluvial soils. plants accumulated heavy metals in their shoot (ni, 13.65; cr, 19.73; zn, 21.6 and ...201021046995
perchlorate, nitrate, and iodine uptake and distribution in lettuce ( lactuca sativa l.) and potential impact on background levels in humans.much focus has been placed on the impact of exposure to perchlorate (clo(4)(-)) from drinking water. recently, it has become more apparent that a significant percentage of the total clo(4)(-) exposure may be due to ingestion of food. most studies have only evaluated the uptake and distribution of clo(4)(-) by plants without considering the potential for uptake of iodine (i) by the plant and the subsequent impacts on clo(4)(-) uptake and distribution on human health. the objectives of this resear ...201021047133
accumulation of heavy metals from contaminated soil to plants and evaluation of soil remediation by vermiculite.we evaluated the distribution of 15 metal ions, namely al, cd, cu, cr, fe, la, mn, ni, pb, sc, ti, v, y, zn and zr, in the soil of a contaminated site in piedmont (italy). this area was found to be heavily contaminated with cu, cr and ni. the availability of these metal ions was studied using tessier's sequential extraction procedure: the fraction of mobile species, which potentially is the most harmful for the environment, was much higher than that normally present in unpolluted soils. this soi ...201121055788
heavy metal removal from industrial effluents by sorption on cross-linked starch: chemical study and impact on water toxicity.batch sorption experiments using a starch-based sorbent were carried out for the removal of heavy metals present in industrial water discharges. the influence of contact time, mass of sorbent and pollutant load was investigated. pollutant removal was dependent on the mass of sorbent and contact time, but independent of the contaminant load. the process was uniform, rapid and efficient. sorption reached equilibrium in 60 min irrespective of the metal considered (e.g. zn, pb, cu, ni, fe and cd), r ...201121067859
direct isolation of vacuoles from leaf tissue of lettuce (lactuca sativa) retaining protoplasts within the leaves.a procedure is described in which vacuoles are isolated from leaf tissue of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.). after incubation in an enzyme solution, the vacuoles are directly extracted from the leaf tissue by osmotic shock using a phosphate buffer. in this method no protoplasts are released from the leaf tissue. this procedure avoids the problems of separating vacuoles from protoplasts with similar density. to evaluate the purity of the vacuoles, the activity of glucan synthetase 11 (ec 2.4.1.34), n ...199021087281
effects of ten antibiotics on seed germination and root elongation in three plant species.we applied a screening-level phytotoxicity assay to evaluate the effects of 10 antibiotics (at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10,000 μg/l) on germination and early plant growth using three plant species: lettuce (lactuca sativa), alfalfa (medicago sativa), and carrot (daucus carota). the range of phytotoxicity of the antibiotics was large, with ec₂₅s ranging from 3.9 μg/l to >10,000 μg/l. chlortetracycline, levofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole were the most phytotoxic antibiotics. d. carota was ...201121107831
selenium accumulation in lettuce germplasm.selenium (se) is an essential micronutrient for animals and humans. increasing se content in food crops offers an effective approach to reduce the widespread selenium deficiency problem in many parts of the world. in this study, we evaluated 30 diverse accessions of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) for their capacity to accumulate se and their responses to different forms of se in terms of plant growth, nutritional characteristics, and gene expression. lettuce accessions responded differently to sele ...201121153555
expression of a cholera toxin b subunit-neutralizing epitope of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus fusion gene in transgenic lettuce (lactuca sativa l.).transgenic plants have been used as a safe and economic expression system for the production of edible vaccines. a synthetic cholera toxin b subunit gene (ctb) was fused with a synthetic neutralizing epitope gene of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (sctb-scoe), and the sctb-scoe fusion gene was introduced into a plant expression vector under the control of the ubiquitin promoter. this plant expression vector was transformed into lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) using the agrobacterium-mediated tra ...201021153716
ecotoxicological characterization of tannery wastewater in dhaka, bangladesh.tanning industries are one of the main economic activities in bangladesh. it has been well documented that wastewater discharged from tanneries without appropriate treatment results in detrimental effects on the ecosystem. no ecotoxicity evaluation of any aquatic environment in bangladesh has been conducted so far. in this study a battery of toxicity bioassays and chemical analysis were carried out from water samples obtained from three sampling points: upstream from discharging site on river bu ...201021186722
control of the myiasis-producing fly, lucilia sericata, with egyptian essential oils.myiasis caused by lucilia sericata (diptera: calliphoridae) is widely distributed throughout the world and affects both humans and animals. in addition, l. sericata larvae and adults may play a role in spreading causal agents of mycobacterial infections. therefore, it is important to establish new and safe alternative methods of controlling this blowfly.201121244384
residues of bioenergy production chains as soil amendments: immediate and temporal phytotoxicity.the current shift towards bioenergy production increases streams of bioenergy rest-products (rps), which are likely to end-up as soil amendments. however, their impact on soil remains unclear. in this study we evaluated crop phytotoxicity of 15 rps from common bioenergy chains (biogas, biodiesel, bioethanol and pyrolysis). the rps were mixed into a sandy soil and the seedling root and shoot elongation of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), radish (raphanus sativus l.), and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) ...201021256672
internalization of murine norovirus 1 by lactuca sativa during irrigation.romaine lettuce (lactuca sativa) was grown hydroponically or in soil and challenged with murine norovirus 1 (mnv) under two conditions: one mimicking a severe one-time contamination event and another mimicking a lower level of contamination occurring over time. in each condition, lettuce was challenged with mnv delivered at the roots. in the first case, contamination occurred on day one with 5 × 10(8) reverse transcriptase quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) u/ml mnv in nutrient buffer, and irrigation wa ...201121296944
inhibition of photosynthetic oxygen evolution and electron transfer from the quinone acceptor qa- to qb by iron deficiency.the effect of iron deficiency on photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem ii (ps ii) was studied in leaves and thylakoid membranes of lettuce (lactuca sativa, romaine variety) plants. ps ii electron transport was characterized by oxygen evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. iron deficiency in the culture medium was shown to affect water oxidation and the advancement of the s-states. a decrease of maximal quantum yield of ps ii and an increase of fluorescence intensity at ste ...201121311974
evidence for high degrees of specialisation, evolutionary diversity, and morphological distinctiveness in the genus bremia.bremia lactucae is one of the most important pathogens in lettuce production. recent molecular studies revealed considerable genetic variation in this species complex. however, only few accessions from the same host have been examined for most species and no study investigating the morphological distinctiveness of phylogenetic lineages of bremia has so far been reported. thus it is believed that morphological species delimitation in bremia is not feasible. in the present study, multiple accessio ...201021315308
isolation of salmonella spp. from lettuce and evaluation of its susceptibility to novel bacteriocins of bacillus thuringiensis and antibiotics.in this study, 13% of fresh lettuce (lactuca sativa) samples collected from markets and supermarkets in two cities of mexico were contaminated with salmonella spp. from those samples, amplicons of ~300 base pairs (bp) were amplified, corresponding to the expected size of the invasion (inva) and internal transcribed spacer regions of the 16s and 23s rrna genes of salmonella spp. additionally, salmonella strains were isolated and harbored plasmids ranging from ~9 to 16 kbp. from these strains, 91% ...201121333148
evaluation of the effectiveness of various amendments on trace metals stabilization by chemical and biological methods.we evaluated the effects of five different kinds of amendments on heavy metals stabilization. the five amendments were: zero valent iron, limestone, acid mine drainage treatment sludge, bone mill, and bottom ash. to determine bioavailability of the heavy metals, different chemical extraction procedures were used such as, extraction with (ca(no(3))(2), dtpa; toxic characteristic leaching procedure (tclp), physiologically based extraction test (pbet) that simulates gastric juice, and sequential ex ...201121333442
biomedicine in the environment: cyclotides constitute potent natural toxins in plants and soil bacteria.bioactive compounds produced by plants are easily transferred to soil and water and may cause adverse ecosystem effects. cyclotides are gene-encoded, circular, cystine-rich mini-proteins produced in violaceae and rubiaceae in high amounts. based on their biological activity and stability, cyclotides have promising pharmaceutical and agricultural applications. we report the toxicity of the cyclotides: kalata b1, kalata b2, and cycloviolacin o2 extracted from plants to green algae (pseudokirchneri ...201121337607
molecular cloning and characterization of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase gene from lactuca sativa.vitamin e has been found to be associated with an important antioxidant property in mammals and plants. in photosynthetic organisms, the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (hppd; e.c. 1.13.11.27) plays an important role in the vitamin e biosynthetic pathway. the full-length cdna encoding hppd was isolated from lactuca sativa l. by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the cdna, designated as lshppd, was 1743 base pairs (bp) long containing an open reading frame (orf) of 1338 bp encodi ...201121349599
proximate nutrient analyses of four species of submerged aquatic vegetation consumed by florida manatee (trichechus manatus latirostris) compared to romaine lettuce (lactuca sativa var. longifolia).free-ranging florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris) consume a variety of sea grasses and algae. this study compared the dry matter (dm) content, proximate nutrients (crude protein [cp], ether-extracted crude fat [ee], nonfiber carbohydrate [nfc], and ash), and the calculated digestible energy (de) of sea grasses (thalassia testudinum, halodule wrightii, and syringodium filiforme) collected in spring, summer, and winter, and an alga (chara sp.) with those of romaine lettuce (lactuca sa ...201021370638
effects of microcystin-lr, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate and their mixture on lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) seeds and seedlings.microcystin-lr (mclr) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (las) are present widely in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, but their combined ecotoxicological risk is unknown. this study investigated the toxic effects of mclr, las and their mixture on lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) and evaluated mclr accumulation level in lettuce with or without las. the changes in seed germination and shoot/root growth, responses of the antioxidative defense system, and the accumulation of mclr in lettuce were tested ...201121409590
expression of dengue-3 premembrane and envelope polyprotein in lettuce chloroplasts.dengue is an acute febrile viral disease with >100 million infections occurring each year and more than half of the world population is at risk. global resurgence of dengue in many urban centers of the tropics is a major concern. therefore, development of a successful vaccine is urgently needed that is economical and provide long-lasting protection from dengue virus infections. in this manuscript, we report expression of dengue-3 serotype polyprotein (prm/e) consisting of part of capsid, complet ...201121431782
analysis of eleven phenolic compounds including novel p-coumaroyl derivatives in lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and mass spectrometry detection.lettuce is a widely consumed vegetable and a good source of phenolic compounds. several factors (genetic, agronomical and environmental) can influence the lettuce composition; their effects are not completely defined and more studies are needed on this topic.201721433163
bioactive saponins from microsechium helleri and sicyos bulbosus.eleven oleanane-type saponins (1-11) have been isolated from microsechium helleri and sicyos bulbosus roots and were evaluated for their antifeedant, nematicidal and phytotoxic activities. saponins {3-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-2β,3β,16α,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-o-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranoside} (1), and {3-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl-2β,3β,16α,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-o ...201121439597
determination of the hydroxycinnamate profile of 12 members of the asteraceae family.the hydroxycinnamates of the leaves of 12 plants of the astreraceae family, achillea millefolium, arnica montana, artemesia dracunculus, cichorium intybus, cnicus benedictus, cynara scolymus, echinops humilis, inula helenium, lactuca sativa, petasites hybridus, solidago virgaurea, and tanacetum parthenium were investigated qualitatively by lc-ms(n). thirty-nine chlorogenic acids were detected and all characterized to regioisomeric level on the basis of their fragmentation pattern in the tandem m ...201121453943
uranium uptake by hydroponically cultivated crop plants.hydroponicaly cultivated plants were grown on medium containing uranium. the appropriate concentrations of uranium for the experiments were selected on the basis of a standard ecotoxicity test. the most sensitive plant species was determined to be lactuca sativa with an ec(50) value about 0.1mm. cucumis sativa represented the most resistant plant to uranium (ec(50)=0.71 mm). therefore, we used the uranium in a concentration range from 0.1 to 1mm. twenty different plant species were tested in hyd ...201121486682
occurrence and diversity of free-living protozoa on butterhead lettuce.the occurrence and diversity of free-living protozoa (flp) on butterhead lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) was investigated using four different sampling techniques (washing, swabbing, homogenization, and excising). flp were recovered from all leaf samples (n=64), and cultures were flp-positive after 1week. identification of flp was performed by light microscopy and sequencing of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge)-separated 18s rrna gene fragments. bodo saltans, spumella (-like) spp. and c ...201121513995
molecular cloning and characterization of a tocopherol cyclase gene from lactuca sativa (asteraceae).tocopherol cyclase is a rate-limiting enzyme involved in tocopherol biosynthesis. the full-length cdna encoding tocopherol cyclase (designated as lstc) was cloned from lettuce (lactuca sativa) for the first time by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) and characterized by means of quantitative rt-pcr. the full-length cdna of lstc was 1675 bp, with an open reading frame of 1521 bp, encoding a tocopherol cyclase protein of 506 amino acids, with a calculated molecular mass of 56.76 kd and an iso ...201121523658
ecotoxicity of chlorophenolic compounds depending on soil characteristics.three chlorophenolic compounds (2-chlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol) were tested to assess their effects on two soils with different properties: a granitic soil (haplic arenosol) and a calcareous one (calcaric regosol). different concentrations of the pollutants (ranging from 0.001 to 10,000 mg kg(-1) soil, d.w.) were assayed for their effects on soil microbial activity and composition, using manometric respirometry and pcr-dgge analysis, respectively. other ecotoxicity ...201121531445
increased exposure to uv-b radiation during early development leads to enhanced photoprotection and improved long-term performance in lactuca sativa.plant responses to uv radiation are numerous and often viewed as a negative influence on plant growth. here we demonstrate that early exposure to uv leads to increased photosynthetic productivity and increased final yield in a field-grown lettuce crop, and that additionally, exposure to uv also confers photoprotective benefits to plants grown under controlled conditions. such outcomes represent possible exploitable benefits of managed uv radiation exposure in modern crop production.201121535014
the inheritance of resistance to verticillium wilt caused by race 1 isolates of verticillium dahliae in the lettuce cultivar la brillante.verticillium wilt of lettuce caused by verticillium dahliae can cause severe economic damage to lettuce producers. complete resistance to race 1 isolates is available in lactuca sativa cultivar (cv.) la brillante and understanding the genetic basis of this resistance will aid development of new resistant cultivars. f(1) and f(2) families from crosses between la brillante and three iceberg cultivars as well as a recombinant inbred line population derived from l. sativa cv. salinas 88 × la brillan ...201121567237
bioavailability of copper, cadmium, zinc, and lead in tropical savanna soils assessed by diffusive gradient in thin films (dgt) and ion exchange resin membranes.the technique of diffusion gradient in thin films (dgt) for assessing bioavailable metals has not been tested under field conditions. we assessed the relationships of dgt- and cation exchange resin-membrane-measured concentrations of cd, cu, pb, and zn with plant uptake of the metals under greenhouse and field conditions. in the greenhouse, the effective concentrations of cu, pb, and zn by dgt correlated significantly with uptake by sorghum (sorghum bicolor), but cation exchange resin-membrane-m ...201221590301
toxicity of polyfluorinated and perfluorinated compounds to lettuce (lactuca sativa) and green algae (pseudokirchneriella subcapitata).recently, polyfluorinated and perfluorinated compounds (pfcs) have been detected in most surface waters around the world. because some pfcs are persistent and tend to accumulate in surface waters, their potential adverse effects to aquatic organisms have received increasing attention. nevertheless, currently available toxicity information is limited. the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity effects of seven pfcs on root elongation of lettuce (lactuca sativa) and photosynthesis of green ...201221626016
using response surface methodology to assess the effects of iron and spent mushroom substrate on arsenic phytotoxicity in lettuce (lactuca sativa l.).the effects of iron (fe) and spent mushroom substrate (sms) arsenic (as) phytotoxicity towards lettuce in artificial soils were investigated to separate the adverse soil parameters relating to as toxicity using a response surface methodology. sms induced the root elongation of lettuce in both control and as-treated soils. however, in phytotoxicity test using a median effective concentration (ec(50)) of as, fe and the interaction between both parameters (fe*sms) significantly affected ec(50), whi ...201121632176
a comparative analysis of the lactuca and helianthus (asteraceae) plastid genomes: identification of divergent regions and categorization of shared repeats.we have sequenced two complete chloroplast genomes in the asteraceae, helianthus annuus (sunflower), and lactuca sativa (lettuce), which belong to the distantly related subfamilies, asteroideae and cichorioideae, respectively. the helianthus chloroplast genome is 151 104 bp and the lactuca genome is 152 772 bp long, which is within the usual size range for chloroplast genomes in flowering plants. when compared to tobacco, both genomes have two inversions: a large 22.8-kb inversion and a smaller ...200721636403
benzoxazolin-2(3h)-one (boa) induced changes in leaf water relations, photosynthesis and carbon isotope discrimination in lactuca sativa.the effects are reported here of benzoxazolin-2(3h)-one (boa), an allelopathic compound, on plant water relations, growth, components of chlorophyll fluorescence, and carbon isotope discrimination in lettuce (lactuca sativa l.). lettuce seedlings were grown in 1:1 hoagland solution in perlite culture medium in environmentally controlled glasshouse. after 30 days, boa was applied at concentration of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm and distilled water (control). boa, in the range (0.1-1.5 mm), decreased ...201121665486
phylogenetic relationships among lactuca (asteraceae) species and related genera based on its-1 dna sequences.internal transcribed spacer (its-1) sequences from 97 accessions representing 23 species of lactuca and related genera were determined and used to evaluate species relationships of lactuca sensu lato (s.l.). the its-1 phylogenies, calculated using paup and phylip, correspond better to the classification of feráková than to other classifications evaluated, although the inclusion of sect. lactuca subsect. cyanicae is not supported. therefore, exclusion of subsect. cyanicae from lactuca sensu ferák ...199821680311
beneficial effects of exogenous iodine in lettuce plants subjected to salinity stress.salinity inhibits plant growth due to ionic and osmotic effects on metabolic processes and nutritional balance, leading to impaired physiological functions. selenium (se) and silicon (si) can be partially alleviated by the effects wrought by nacl on the plant metabolism. iodine (i), applied as iodate (io(3)(-)) in biofortification programmes, has been confirmed to improve the antioxidant response in lettuce plants. thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether the application of io(3)(-) ...201121683885
anthocyanin content and the activities of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in lettuce cultivars.anthocyanin content and the activities of polyphenol oxidase (ppo), peroxidase (pod) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) and their relationships were determined in the leaves of six lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) cultivars, exposed for 6 weeks to alternating three different day/night temperatures. anthocyanin content was found to be highest at 20/13°c, followed by 25/20°c and 30/25°c, showing accumulation of anthocyanin at low temperatures. activities of ppo and pal were also found to be highest ...201221718113
pilot study of the efficacy and safety of lettuce seed oil in patients with sleep disorders.lactuca sativa (garden lettuce) is a popular salad herb. it has been in use in folk medicine since ancient times as both an appetite stimulant and as an aid to sleep. l. sativa seed oil (sedan(®)) has demonstrated a pronounced sedative effect and potentiated the hypnotic effect of barbiturates in animal models. it also exhibited significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. in this study, we evaluated the sedative and hypnotic effects of l. sativa in patients suffering from insomnia.201121731897
selection of phytotoxin producing rhizobacteria.in order to select phytotoxin producing rhizobacteria to control weed plants, twenty five bacterial strains previously isolated from the rhizospheres of various plants were grown in a liquid medium and, after cell removal by centrifugation, the liquid phases were freeze-dried and the products were extracted with ethyl acetate/methanol. the extracts were concentrated to dryness under vacuum and dissolved in water and sucrose solution to be submitted to in vitro assays of lettuce (lactuca sativa l ...201121739082
physico-chemical and toxicological assessment of liquid wastes from olive processing-related industries.background: in the last few years, agricultural uses of waste waters from olive processing-related industries have been gaining interest mainly with a view to composting or bio-fertilizers. the present work examines physico-chemical, toxicological and geno-toxicological properties of three liquid wastes, namely olive mill wastewater (omww), olive wet husk and olive brine. the effect of omww spreading on soil microbial activity and biomass was also evaluated. results: data from artemia salina and ...201121796638
toxicity of sodium tungstate to earthworm, oat, radish, and lettuce.due to unknown effects of the potential exposure of the terrestrial environment to tungsten substances, a series of toxicity studies of sodium tungstate (na(2) wo(4) ) was conducted. the effect on earthworm (eisenia fetida) survival and reproduction was examined using organisation for economic co-operation and development (oecd) guideline 222. no effect on either endpoint was seen at the highest concentration tested, resulting in a 56-d no-observed-effect concentration (noec) of ≥586 mg tungsten ...201121805499
evaluation of the phytotoxicity of polycontaminated industrial effluents using the lettuce plant (lactuca sativa) as a bioindicator.industrial wastewater containing heavy metals is generally decontaminated by physicochemical treatment consisting in insolublizing the contaminants and separating the two phases, water and sludge, by a physical process (filtration, settling or flotation). however, chemical precipitation does not usually remove the whole pollution load and the effluent discharged into the environment can be toxic even if it comes up to regulatory standards. to assess the impact of industrial effluent from 4 diffe ...201121835466
genotoxicity evaluation of effluents from textile industries of the region fez-boulmane, morocco: a case study.in order to investigate the biological hazard of effluents from textile industries of fez-boulmane region in morocco, mutagenicity and phytotoxicity tests were performed on different biological systems. moreover, the efficiency of a sequencing batch reactor (sbr) system, working by activated sludge on a laboratory scale, was estimated by comparing the ecotoxicity results observed before and after wastewater treatment. evaluation of the genotoxic potential was investigated by means of classic mut ...201121840051
application of molecular techniques to identification of three plusiine species, autographa nigrisigna, macdunnoughia confusa, and thysanoplusia intermixta (lepidoptera: noctuidae), found in integrated pest management lettuce fields in japan.three plusiine species, autographa nigrisigna, macdunnoughia confusa, and thysanoplusia intermixta (lepidoptera: noctuidae), are commonly found together in lettuce, lactuca sativa l., fields in japan. given the marked morphological similarities between these species and the difficulty associated with discriminating between them using only visual cues, we used multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay to distinguish between the three target species. multiplex pcr uses four primers to simult ...201121882693
New and revisited species in Aspergillus section Nigri.Four new species, Aspergillus eucalypticola, A. neoniger, A. fijiensis and A. indologenus are described and illustrated. Aspergillus eucalypticola was isolated from Eucalyptus leaf from Australia, and is related to A. tubingensis and A. costaricaensis, but could clearly be distinguished from them based on either ß-tubulin or calmodulin sequence data. Aspergillus eucalypticola produced pyranonigrin A, funalenone, aurasperone B and other naphtho-?-pyrones. Aspergillus neoniger is also a biseriate ...201121892239
conventional, organic and biodynamic farming: differences in polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of batavia lettuce.lactuca sativa l. ssp. acephala l., cv. batavia red mohican plants were cultivated under intensive conventional, organic and biodynamic farming and were analyzed for their polyphenol content and antiradical activity in order to demonstrate the influence of farming on yield, polyphenol content and antiradical activity.201221935957
toxicity of the effluent from an anaerobic bioreactor treating cereal residues on lactuca sativa.effluents generated during the process of anaerobic digestion should be treated before their disposal into the environment. the aim of this study was evaluating the effectiveness of the effluent treatment system from an anaerobic bioreactor, assessing the toxicity reduction with the lactuca sativa seed germination and root elongation inhibition test. three sampling points were selected along the effluent treatment system: inflow into the first treatment pond, outflow from the third pond and reci ...201221993347
a chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of photosynthetic efficiency, quantum yield and photon energy dissipation in psii antennae of lactuca sativa l. leaves exposed to cinnamic acid.this study investigated the effects of cinnamic acid (ca) on growth, biochemical and physiological responses of lactuca sativa l. ca (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) treatments decreased plant height, root length, leaf and root fresh weight, but it did not affect the leaf water status. ca treatment (1.5 mm) significantly reduced f(v), f(m), photochemical efficiency of psii (f(v)/f(m)) and quantum yield of psii (φpsii) photochemistry in l. sativa. the photochemical fluorescence quenching (qp) and non-p ...201122000052
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