Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| neuro-ophthalmologic findings in konzo, an upper motor neuron disorder in africa. | to investigate the neuro-ophthalmological manifestations in konzo, a non-progressive symmetric spastic para/tetraparesis of acute onset associated with consumption of insufficiently processed bitter cassava roots combined with a low protein intake. | 2003 | 12872796 |
| short interfering rna-mediated interference of gene expression and viral dna accumulation in cultured plant cells. | gene silencing mediated by double-stranded rna is a sequence-specific rna degradation mechanism highly conserved in eukaryotes that serves as an antiviral defense pathway in both plants and drosophila. short interfering rnas (sirnas), the 21- to 23-nt double-stranded intermediates of this natural defense mechanism, are becoming powerful tools for reducing gene expression and countering viral infection in a variety of mammalian cells. here we report the use of sirnas to target reporter gene expre ... | 2003 | 12886005 |
| a single residual replacement improves the folding and stability of recombinant cassava hydroxynitrile lyase in e. coil. | substitution of ser113 for gly113 in the cap domain of hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta (mehnl) was performed by site-directed mutagenesis to improve its self-generated folding and stability under denaturation conditions. the yield of the recombinant mutant hnl1 (mut-hnl1), which had higher specific activity than the wild type hnl0 (wt-hnl0), was increased by 2 to 3-fold. thermostability of mehnl was also enhanced, probably due to an increase in content of the beta-strand secondary st ... | 2003 | 12889812 |
| l-lactic acid production from raw cassava starch in a circulating loop bioreactor with cells immobilized in loofa (luffa cylindrica). | l-lactic acid was produced from raw cassava starch, by simultaneous enzyme production, starch saccharification and fermentation in a circulating loop bioreactor with aspergillus awamori and lactococcus lactis spp. lactis immobilized in loofa sponge. a. awamori was immobilized directly in cylindrical loofa sponge while the l. lactis was immobilized in a loofa sponge alginate gel cube. in the loofa sponge alginate gel cube, the sponge serves as skeletal support for the gel with the cells. the algi ... | 2003 | 12889820 |
| new aspects in pathogenesis of konzo: neural cell damage directly caused by linamarin contained in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | epidemic spastic paraparesis (konzo) found in tropical and subtropical countries is known to be caused by long-term intake of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz), which contains a cyanoglucoside linamarin (alpha-hydroxyisobutyronitrile-beta-d-glucopyranoside). it has been reported that linamarin is enzymatically converted to cyanide by bacteria in the intestine, and this is absorbed into the blood and then damages neural cells. however, unmetabolized linamarin was found in the urine after oral ad ... | 2003 | 12908909 |
| genetic mapping of qtls affecting productivity and plant architecture in a full-sib cross from non-inbred parents in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | an attempt was made to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) for several productivity and plant architecture traits in a full-sib progeny of 144 individuals from two non-inbred parents in cassava. a molecular linkage map of this cross constructed previously with over 250 markers was the source of molecular markers. the progeny were grown under field conditions at two locations (palmira and quilichao) in colombia and evaluated in 2 years (1998 and 1999) for architecture and productivity traits. ... | 2003 | 12910344 |
| rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis: a thermotolerant fungus with potential for production of thermostable amylases. | the effect of several nutritional and environmental parameters on growth and amylase production from rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis was analysed. this fungus was isolated from soil of the brazilian "cerrado" and produced high levels of amylolytic activity at 45 degrees c in liquid medium supplemented with starch, sugar cane bagasse, oat meal or cassava flour. glucose in the culture medium drastically repressed the amylolytic activity. the products of hydrolysis were analysed by thin l ... | 2003 | 12920607 |
| characterization and differentiation of lactobacillus manihotivorans strains isolated from cassava sour starch. | lactobacillus manihotivorans has been reported as one of the dominant species in cassava sour starch production process. seven isolates that have previously been identified as belonging to this species were studied in the present work. their molecular and phenotypic characteristics showed higher strain diversity than previously described. differences were found in their fermentation profiles, whereas no major differences were observed in properties related to processing conditions (salt concentr ... | 2003 | 12927722 |
| tolerance, toxicity, and caloric availability of intravenously injected tapioca dextrin solution in rabbits. | 1952 | 12999634 | |
| influence of different concentrations of disodium fumarate on methane production and fermentation of concentrate feeds by rumen micro-organisms in vitro. | batch cultures of mixed rumen micro-organisms were used to study the effects of different concentrations of disodium fumarate on the fermentation of five concentrate feeds (maize, barley, wheat, sorghum and cassava meal). rumen contents were collected from four merino sheep fed lucerne hay ad libitum and supplemented with 300 g concentrate/d. disodium fumarate was added to the incubation bottles to achieve final concentrations of 0, 4, 7 and 10 mm-fumarate. in 17 h incubations, the final ph and ... | 2003 | 13129468 |
| effects of partial replacement of rice in a rice diet by tapioca flour on the metabolism of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus in adult human beings. | 1954 | 13140824 | |
| effects of the general health and nutritional status of children of partial replacement of rice in a poor vegetarian diet by tapioca flour. | 1954 | 13140825 | |
| [nutritive value of manioc stems]. | 1953 | 13151628 | |
| [in vivo and in vitro study of the digestibility of manioc in various forms: whole farina, bolted farina, flour and gary; application in african regimens]. | 1956 | 13355082 | |
| studies on the starch-synthesizing enzymes in tapioca (manihot utilissima) roots. | 1957 | 13414717 | |
| [synovial-urethro-conjunctival syndrome (fiessinger-leroy-reiter); adjuvant therapy with tapioca gel injections]. | 1957 | 13485827 | |
| partial replacement of rice with tapioca in poor rice diets; the effect on growth and liver structure in the albino rat. | 1958 | 13523097 | |
| [chemical study of manioc leaves (manihot utilissima pohl., euphoriaceae)]. | 2006 | 13540437 | |
| effect of long-term feeding of albino rats on rice and on rice-tapioca diets on the blood and on the liver. | 1958 | 13572752 | |
| the effect of replacement of rice in a poor vegetarian diet by tapioca macaroni on the general health and nutritional status of children. | 1958 | 13607939 | |
| the metabolism of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus in undernourished children. 4. the effect of replacing rice in the diet by tapioca macaroni on the metabolism of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus. | 1958 | 13607947 | |
| [mechanical transmission of cassava brown streak virus]. | 1959 | 13666823 | |
| preliminary study of l-lysine production by bacillus species using various agricultural by-products. | the production of lysine by bacillus megaterium sp-14 and bacillus circulans tx-22 using agricultural by-products as carbon and nitrogen sources was assessed. among the carbon substrates used were potato, sorghum, plantain, millet, yam, cassava, and corn starches, while the nitrogen sources include cowpea, bambara-nut, cotton seed, groundnut, soybean, and blood meals. the effect of natural nitrogen sources (1.0% w/v) and synthetic nitrogen source (4.0% w/v (nh4)2so4) on lysine production by the ... | 2003 | 13678257 |
| two cassava promoters related to vascular expression and storage root formation. | cassava ( manihot esculenta crantz) storage roots, organs accumulating large amounts of starch, develop from primary roots via secondary growth. the availability of promoters related to storage-root formation is a prerequisite for engineering root traits in cassava. two cdnas, c15 and c54, were identified from a storage-root cdna library of cassava mcol1505 via differential screening. the transcripts of c15 and c54 were detected in storage roots but not in leaves by northern analysis. homology a ... | 2003 | 13680228 |
| nutritive value of cereal and cassava diets for growing and fattening pigs in nigeria. | 1961 | 13731827 | |
| the effect of replacing wheat in a poor indian diet by a blend of whole wheat flour, tapioca flour and low-fat groundnut flour (paushtic atta) on the metabolism of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus in children. | 1961 | 13755269 | |
| [tapioca in the diet of infants under 6 months of age]. | 1960 | 13760693 | |
| the supplementary value of coconut meal, groundnut meal, bengal gram, low-cost protein food and skim milk powder to tapioca-rice diet. | 1961 | 13775406 | |
| effect of varying levels of protein and calcium in the diet on the structure and composition of liver of rats. i. the effect of supplementation of diets based on rice and rice-tapioca with calcium on the growth and structure and composition of liver of albino rats. | 1960 | 13789689 | |
| an unspecific metaphosphatase from the leaves of the tapioca plant (mannihot utillissima). | 1959 | 13792057 | |
| supplementary value of peanut flour, chickpea flour and skim-milk powder and their blends to maize-tapioca diet. | 1962 | 13919759 | |
| metabolic activity of starch granules from the tapioca plant. i. udpg-starch-glucosyl transferase. | 1965 | 14336510 | |
| the supplementary value of certain processed protein foods based on blends of groundnut, soya-bean, sesame, chick-pea (cicer arietinum) flours and skim-milk powder to a maize--tapioca diet. | 1962 | 14452512 | |
| the impact of cyanoglycoside rich fraction isolated from cassava (manihot esculenta) on alcohol induced oxidative stress. | the effects of feeding a cassava (manihot esculenta) rich diet on alcohol induced peroxidative damages were investigated in male albino rats. rats were divided into four groups and maintained for 60 days as follows. (1) control group: cassava free diet, (2) alcohol group: cassava free diet+ethanol (4 g/kg body wt/day), (3) cassava group: cassava diet and (4) alcohol+cassava group: cassava diet+ethanol (4 g/kg body wt/day). results revealed that alcohol induced significant lipid peroxidation, sin ... | 2003 | 14505936 |
| determination of total antioxidant activity in three types of local vegetables shoots and the cytotoxic effect of their ethanolic extracts against different cancer cell lines. | antioxidants play an important role in inhibiting and scavenging radicals, thus providing protection to humans against infections and degenerative diseases. literature shows that the antioxidant activity is high on herbal and vegetable plants. realizing the fact, this research was carried out to determine total antioxidant activity and the potential anticancer properties in three types of selected local vegetable shoots such as diplazium esculentum (paku shoot), manihot utillissima (tapioca shoo ... | 2003 | 14505992 |
| micronutrient fortification of plants through plant breeding: can it improve nutrition in man at low cost? | can commonly-eaten food staple crops be developed that fortify their seeds with essential minerals and vitamins? can farmers be induced to grow such varieties? if so, would this result in a marked improvement in human nutrition at a lower cost than existing nutrition interventions? an interdisciplinary international effort is underway to breed for mineral- and vitamin-dense varieties of rice, wheat, maize, beans and cassava for release to farmers in developing countries. the biofortification str ... | 2003 | 14506888 |
| generation of cyanogen-free transgenic cassava. | cassava ( manihot esculenta crantz.) is the major source of calories for subsistence farmers in sub-saharan africa. cassava, however, contains potentially toxic levels of the cyanogenic glucoside, linamarin. the cyanogen content of cassava foods can be reduced to safe levels by maceration, soaking, rinsing and baking; however, short-cut processing techniques can yield toxic food products. our objective was to eliminate cyanogens from cassava so as to eliminate the need for food processing. to ac ... | 2003 | 14520563 |
| antimicrobial interactions of microbial species involved in the fermentation of cassava dough into agbelima with particular reference to the inhibitory effect of lactic acid bacteria on enteric pathogens. | lactic acid bacteria, bacillus species and yeasts are involved in the fermentation of cassava dough into agbelima. microbial interactions within and between these groups of microorganisms were investigated in addition to the survival of five enteric pathogens inoculated into agbelima under various conditions. nine out of 10 cultures of lactic acid bacteria isolated at the end of agbelima fermentation showed inhibitory effect against 10 cultures of lactic acid bacteria isolated at the start of fe ... | 2003 | 14580972 |
| improvement of organoleptic quality of retted cassava products by alkali pretreatment of roots and addition of sodium nitrate during retting. | alkali pretreatment of cassava roots before retting and addition of sodium nitrate during retting were used to manipulate the metabolism of microorganisms involved in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) retting, as a method for removing the characteristic offensive odour of retted cassava products. odour was assessed by organoleptic methods. the characteristics of fermentation of cassava by the traditional method (control) were as follows; aerobic mesophilic count (apc) on nutrient agar (na) at 3 ... | 2003 | 14580976 |
| use of cell culture media for cultivation of the mite pathogenic fungi neozygites tanajoae and neozygites floridana. | the pathogenic fungus neozygites tanajoae, one of the most efficient natural enemies of the cassava green mite (cgm) mononychellus tanajoa in brazil, was introduced experimentally in benin in 1998/1999 for the control of cgm. isolation methods and culture media for in vitro production of n. tanajoae are reported for the first time in this study. continuous growth of n. tanajoae was achieved using medium nt-1 (ipl-41+5-10% fetal bovine serum+0.3% lactalbumin hydrolysate+0.3% yeastolate). this med ... | 2003 | 14615221 |
| microbial modification of the texture of grated cassava during fermentation into akyeke. | the traditional akyeke inoculum and fermenting akyeke, an indigenous cassava product, were investigated to identify microbial species responsible for the modification of cassava texture during fermentation. both field and laboratory samples were examined and only some cultures isolated on plate count agar and malt extract agar were found to be capable of causing a softening of cassava tissue when plated directly on sterile cassava slices. the cassava tissue softening isolates on pca were tentati ... | 2003 | 14623393 |
| novel system for the simultaneous analysis of geminivirus dna replication and plant interactions in nicotiana benthamiana. | the origin of replication of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and a gene expression vector based on potato virus x were exploited to devise an in planta system for functional analysis of the geminivirus replication-associated protein (rep) in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana line pori-2. this line contains an integrated copy of a tandem repeat of the acmv origin of replication flanking nonviral sequences that can be mobilized and replicated by rep as an episomal replicon. a rep-gfp fusion pro ... | 2003 | 14645587 |
| effect of fungi fermentation on organoleptic properties, energy content and in-vitro multienzyme digestibility of cassava products (flour & gari). | the present study sought to investigate the effect of fungi fermentation on the energy content, sensory quality and the digestibility (in vitro) of cassava products (flour and gari). the fungi fermented cassava products (gari and flour) were produced, by fermenting cassava mash with pure strains of some common saprophytes, namely, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, rhizopus oryzae and saccharomyces spp (baker's yeast and palm wine yeast) for 72 hrs before processing into cassava flour and ga ... | 2003 | 14653508 |
| optimization of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase production from klebsiella pneumoniae as-22 in batch, fed-batch, and continuous cultures. | production of a novel cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (cgtase) from klebsiella pneumoniae as-22 strain, which converts starch predominantly to alpha-cd at high conversion yields, in batch, fed-batch, and continuous cultures, is presented. in batch fermentations, optimization of different operating parameters such as temperature, ph, agitation speed, and carbon-source concentration resulted in more than 6-fold increase in cgtase activity. the enzyme production was further improved by two fed-bat ... | 2003 | 14656144 |
| acid hydrolysis of native and annealed starches and branch-structure of their naegeli dextrins. | eight commercial starches, including common corn, waxy corn, wheat, tapioca, potato, hylon v, hylon vii, and mung bean starch, were annealed by a multiple-step process, and their gelatinization characteristics were determined. annealed starches had higher gelatinization temperatures, reduced gelatinization ranges, and increased gelatinization enthalpies than their native starches. the annealed starches with the highest gelatinization enthalpies were subjected to acid hydrolysis with 15.3% h2so4, ... | 2003 | 14667708 |
| possible etiologies for tropical spastic paraparesis and human t lymphotropic virus i-associated myelopathy. | the epidemiology of tropical spastic paraparesis/human t lymphotropic virus i (htlv-i)-associated myelopathy (tsp/ham) is frequently inconsistent and suggests environmental factors in the etiology of these syndromes. the neuropathology corresponds to a toxometabolic or autoimmune process and possibly not to a viral disease. some logical hypotheses about the etiology and physiopathology of tsp and ham are proposed. glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, central distal axonopathies, cassava, lathyrism ... | 2004 | 14689037 |
| genetic structure and population dynamics of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis in colombia from 1995 to 1999. | restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) were used to study the population genetics and temporal dynamics of the cassava bacterial pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis. the population dynamics were addressed by comparing samples collected from 1995 to 1999 from six locations, spanning four different edaphoclimatic zones (eczs). forty-five different x. axonopodis pv. manihotis rflp types or haplotypes were identified between 1995 and 1999. high genetic diversity of the x. axonop ... | 2004 | 14711649 |
| hydrocyanic acid poisoning in nutrias caused by cassava (manihot utilissima pohl). | 1951 | 14848588 | |
| [manioc complex as evidence of amerind influence in brazilian nutrition]. | 1951 | 14850025 | |
| the supplementary effect of pulses and rice on tapioca diet. | 1951 | 14937748 | |
| cassava, manihot esculenta crantz, genetic resources: origin of the crop, its evolution and relationships with wild relatives. | about 98 species of manihot are known. all of them are native to the new world and are concentrated in four regions in brazil and central america. all the manihot species so far examined have 2n = 36 chromosomes. interspecific hybrids between cassava and its wild relatives show relatively normal meiosis, and further generations can be obtained. electrophoresis shows affinity among wild species of different sections, and between some of them and cassava. both polyploidy and apomixis may have cont ... | 2002 | 14963820 |
| apomixis and cassava. | apomixis means seed formation without fertilization. in cassava (manihot esculenta) it is an alternative to reproduction by cuttings, which normally transmits pathogens and leads to an accumulation of viral and bacterial diseases. apomixis also assures preservation of heterosis and avoids genetic segregation. it occurs in wild relatives of cassava and has been transferred successfully from manihot glaziovii and m. neusana. it is facultative, and occurs at a low frequency, ranging from 1-2%, and ... | 2002 | 14963841 |
| cassava, manihot esculenta crantz genetic resources: vi. anatomy of a diversity center. | central brasil is one of the four centers of diversity of manihot species. of 26 wild manihot species reported to occur in this region, 20 were collected from two limited areas, each less than 100 km in diameter. these two areas are goiás velho and corumbá de goiás. considering the harlan concept of geographic patterns of variation of cultivated crops, it is assumed that the two areas are microcenters of cassava diversity. topographic, soil and ethnological data of these species were collected a ... | 2003 | 14966687 |
| short deletions in nuclear targeting sequences of african cassava mosaic virus coat protein prevent geminivirus twinned particle formation. | coat proteins (cps) of geminiviruses are multifunctional proteins. using transient expression experiments, we have recently identified putative sequence motifs of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) cp involved in nuclear import (nls) and export (nes) (virology 286 (2001) 373). here, we report on the effect of corresponding deletion mutants in the context of infecting viruses. since nls and nes may overlap with dna binding and multimerisation domains, we have investigated their effect on viral i ... | 2004 | 14972538 |
| [physicochemical and functional evaluation of pregelatinized and microwaved cassava (manihot esculenta cranz) starches]. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two physical modification methods, drum-drying pregelatinization and microwave heating (at 25% moisture), on some characteristics of cassava starch. the water absorption, solubility and swelling power of pregelatinized starch increased considerably between 65 and 90 degrees c (56 to 86 g water/g starch, 89 to 99% and 63 to 87, respectively), while in microwaved starch these indices dropped, in general terms, from 75 degrees c (5 to 37 g water/g ... | 2003 | 14976784 |
| preparation of spray-dried wettable powder formulations of bacillus thuringiensis-based biopesticides. | bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely used biopesticide among many methods available to control insects. to make a saleable product, b. thuringiensis must be substantially concentrated by removal of water and formulated to improve longevity, efficacy, and ease of transport of the product. b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai culture broth as an active ingredient was mixed with various adjuvants and then spray dried. the optimum conditions for spray drying were found to be an outlet temperature of ... | 2003 | 14994793 |
| bemisia tabaci (homoptera: aleyrodidae) biotypes in india. | host plant performance, esterase, and virus transmission tests revealed cassava-strain and sweetpotato-strain populations of whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) biotypes in india. individuals from the sweetpotato-reared population did not breed on cassava, manihot esculenta crantz, and the cassava-strain-reared individuals failed to develop on sweetpotato, ipomoea batatus (l.) lam. eggplant, solanum melongena l., and tobacco, nicotiana tabacum l., were common hosts for both biotypes. the cassava ... | 2003 | 14994796 |
| reaction mechanism of hydroxynitrile lyases of the alpha/beta-hydrolase superfamily: the three-dimensional structure of the transient enzyme-substrate complex certifies the crucial role of lys236. | the hydroxynitrile lyases (hnls) from hevea brasiliensis (hbhnl) and from manihot esculenta (mehnl) are both members of the alpha/beta-hydrolase superfamily. mechanistic proposals have been put forward in the past for both enzymes; they differed with respect to the role of the active-site lysine residue for which a catalytic function was claimed for the hevea enzyme but denied for the manihot enzyme. we applied a freeze-quench method to prepare crystals of the complex of hbhnl with the biologica ... | 2004 | 14998991 |
| biosurfactant production by bacillus subtilis using cassava-processing effluent. | a cassava flour-processing effluent (manipueira) was evaluated as a substrate for surfactant production by two bacillus subtilis strains. b. subtilis atcc 21332 reduced the surface tension of the medium to 25.9 mn/m, producing a crude biosurfactant concentration of 2.2 g/l. the wild-type strain, b. subtilis lb5a, reduced the surface tension of the medium to 26.6 mn/m, giving a crude biosurfactant concentration of 3.0 g/l. a decrease in surfactant concentration observed for b. subtilis atcc 21332 ... | 2004 | 15007184 |
| gene flow between cassava, manihot esculenta crantz, and wild relatives. | controlled and natural hybridization between cassava and wild relatives does occur. barriers within the genus appear to be weak due to recent evolution of the group. all manihot species examined cytogenetically have a chromosome number of 2n = 36. however, they behave meiotically as diploids. the weak interspecific barriers have led to an extremely heterozygous gene pool that may begin a sequence of hybridization followed by speciation. introgression from cassava into a number of wild species (m ... | 2003 | 15011137 |
| cryopreservation of in vitro-grown shoot tips of cassava by encapsulation-vitrification method. | shoot tips of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) in vitro plantlets were successfully cryopreserved using the encapsulation-vitrification technique. nodal cuttings of 5 mm length with one leaf were cultured on modified ms medium in petri dishes (90 mm x 20 mm) for about 28 days. excised shoot tips were precultured on sucrose enriched (0.3 m) medium for 16 h, encapsulated and osmoprotected with a mixture of 2 m glycerol and 0.6 m sucrose for 90 min at 25 degree c before dehydration with pvs2 at 0 ... | 2004 | 15031745 |
| methods of surveying the incidence and severity of cassava mosaic disease and whitefly vector populations on cassava in africa: a review. | field surveys in many cassava growing areas of africa have assessed the incidence and severity of cassava mosaic disease (cmd), populations of the whitefly vector (bemisia tabaci), and the distribution of cassava mosaic begomoviruses (cmbs). the methods employed differ greatly between countries and attempts at standardization were made in recent cmd surveys in east and central africa, notably in the systemwide whitefly ipm project, which provides a paradigm for future work on cmbs and whiteflies ... | 2004 | 15036844 |
| cassava cyanogens and fish mercury are high but safely consumed in the diet of native amazonians. | the two most important staple foods (cassava and fish) in the diet of native amazonians contain neurotoxins (linamarin and monomethyl mercury, mmhg). these same neurotoxins are public health issues in other parts of the world. factors such as chemistry, environment, and human ecology determine the endemism of neuropathies caused by consumption of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) and fish. linamarin is a natural component of cassava tubers that can be destroyed before consumption by proper proc ... | 2004 | 15041248 |
| begomoviruses from mungbeans in pakistan: epitope profiles, dna a sequences and phylogenetic relationships. | monoclonal antibodies raised against particles of african cassava mosaic virus, indian cassava mosaic virus or okra leaf curl virus were used to test samples collected in pakistan from begomovirus-infected plants. epitope profiles obtained from cucurbits resembled those previously reported for pakistani begomoviruses. in contrast, epitope profiles obtained from legumes showed little diversity and were quite distinct from these. dna with nucleotide sequences typical of begomovirus dna a component ... | 2004 | 15045567 |
| maternal thiocyanate and thyroid status during breast-feeding. | cyanogenic glucosides are naturally present in plant foods especially in staple foods (cassava) consumed by millions of people in tropical countries. most traditional processing methods are effective in detoxifying such goitrogens to safe levels of consumption. nevertheless, residual cyanide (cn) is rapidly metabolized to thiocyanate (scn) by existing metabolic pathways. there are concerns that goitrogens may reach the nursing infants through breast feeding or cow's milk based formulas. scn adve ... | 2004 | 15047674 |
| [serological survey of toxoplasma gondii infection in isolated amerindians, mato grosso]. | this study determined the occurrence of the antibodies anti-toxoplasma gondii among the enawenê-nawê, an indigenous population of mato grosso. these inhabit a vast wild area, with rare contacts with non-indians. they do not keep domestic animals, including cats. their diet is based on insects, cassava, corn, honey and mushrooms, they do not consume meat, except fish. based on the above, serologic tests elisa-igg and indirect fluorescent antibody test for igg/igm were performed. from 148 samples, ... | 2003 | 15049105 |
| complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of a cactus virus x strain from hylocereus undatus (cactaceae). | the complete nucleotide sequence of a strain of cactus virus x (cvx-hu) isolated from hylocereus undatus (cactaceae) has been determined. excluding the poly(a) tail, the sequence is 6614 nucleotides in length and contains seven open reading frames (orfs). the genome organization of cvx is similar to that of other potexviruses. orf1 encodes the putative viral replicase with conserved methyltransferase, helicase, and polymerase motifs. within orf1, two other orfs were located separately in the +2 ... | 2004 | 15098117 |
| biosynthesis of the nitrile glucosides rhodiocyanoside a and d and the cyanogenic glucosides lotaustralin and linamarin in lotus japonicus. | lotus japonicus was shown to contain the two nitrile glucosides rhodiocyanoside a and rhodiocyanoside d as well as the cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin. the content of cyanogenic and nitrile glucosides in l. japonicus depends on plant developmental stage and tissue. the cyanide potential is highest in young seedlings and in apical leaves of mature plants. roots and seeds are acyanogenic. biosynthetic studies using radioisotopes demonstrated that lotaustralin, rhodiocyanoside a, a ... | 2004 | 15122013 |
| souring and breakdown of cyanogenic glucosides during the processing of cassava into akyeke. | the population and composition of the lactic acid bacteria microbiota as well as the content of cyanogenic glucosides occurring at various stages of fermentation and subsequent processing of cassava roots into akyeke, a steamed sour cassava meal, were investigated. the number of lactic acid bacteria and percentage titratable acidity increased during 5 days of fermentation, but decreases were observed in the subsequent operations of 'washing' the dough with water followed by partial drying and st ... | 2004 | 15135588 |
| phenylpropanoids, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidases in elicitor-challenged cassava (manihot esculenta) suspension cells and leaves. | control of diseases in the key tropical staple, cassava, is dependent on resistant genotypes, but the innate mechanisms are unknown. the aim was to study phenylpropanoids and associated enzymes as possible defence components. | 2004 | 15145789 |
| assessment of daily intake of trace elements due to consumption of foodstuffs by adult inhabitants of rio de janeiro city. | concentrations of al, cd, cr, cu, mn, ni, pb, u and zn were determined in vegetables (leafy vegetables, fruit, root, grain and cereal), derived products (sugar, coffee, manioc flour, wheat flour, corn flour, and pasta) and animal products (meat, fish, milk) most frequently consumed by adult inhabitants of rio de janeiro city. a total of 90 samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icpms) as the principal method following sample dissolution by dry and wet ashing. g ... | 2004 | 15172572 |
| rotenone-sensitive mitochondrial potential in phytomonas serpens: electrophoretic ca(2+) accumulation. | phytomonas sp. are flagellated trypanosomatid plant parasites that cause diseases of economic importance in plantations of coffee, oil palm, cassava and coconuts. here we investigated ca(2+) uptake by the vanadate-insensitive compartments using permeabilized phytomonas serpens promastigotes. this uptake occurs at a rate of 1.13+/-0.23 nmol ca(2+) mg x protein(-1) min(-1). it is completely abolished by the h(+) ionophore fccp and by valinomycin and nigericin. it is also inhibited by 2 microm ruth ... | 2004 | 15178471 |
| tapioca melanoma of the iris mimicking a vascular tumour: a clinicopathological correlation. | although vascular iris processes are usually benign, they may be a clinical manifestation of iris melanoma, and this should be considered in the differential diagnosis. the case is reported of a 20-year-old man with a highly vascularized tapioca melanoma of the left iris without involvement of the anterior chamber angle or ciliary body, but with observed growth tendency. sector iridectomy was performed 2 months after first examination. in addition, two separate floating tumour nodules were obser ... | 2004 | 15180848 |
| glycaemic index of selected staples commonly eaten in the caribbean and the effects of boiling v. crushing. | integrating information about the glycaemic index (gi) of foods into the caribbean diet is limited by the lack of data. therefore, we determined the gi of eight staple foods eaten in the caribbean and the effect on gi of crushing selected tubers. groups of eight to ten healthy volunteers participated in three studies at two sites. gi was determined using a standard method with white bread and adjusted relative to glucose. the mean area under the glucose response curve elicited by white bread was ... | 2004 | 15182400 |
| anopheles gambiae feeding and survival on honeydew and extra-floral nectar of peridomestic plants. | it is widely believed that the malaria vector anopheles gambiae giles (diptera: culicidae) rarely or never feeds on sugar in nature. if so, the need for supplemental blood-feeding may be increased and this would help to explain why it is such an efficient malaria vector. nonetheless, both sexes of this mosquito species readily imbibe and digest sugar solutions, and sugar is a staple of laboratory colonies. in this study, we investigated whether an. gambiae will feed on the extra-floral nectar of ... | 2004 | 15189234 |
| multi-trophic level interactions in a cassava-maize mixed cropping system in the humid tropics of west africa. | multi-trophic level interactions in a mixed crop, involving cassava and maize, were studied in derived-savanna in benin, west africa. two trials were planted, one during the short rainy season two months before onset of the dry season and one during the long rainy season in spring. key pests under study on maize were the noctuid sesamia calamistis hampson and the pyralids eldana saccharina walker and mussidia nigrivenella ragonot, and on cassava, the exotic mealybug, phenacoccus manihoti matile- ... | 2004 | 15191627 |
| geminate structures of african cassava mosaic virus. | two types of geminate structures were purified from african cassava mosaic geminivirus (acmv)-infected nicotiana benthamiana plants and analyzed by electron cryomicroscopy and image reconstruction. after cesium sulfate density gradient centrifugation, they were separated into lighter top (t) and heavier bottom (b) components. t particles comigrated with host proteins, whereas b particles were concentrated in a cesium density typical for complete virions. both particles were composed of two incom ... | 2004 | 15194750 |
| goitrogenic content of indian cyanogenic plant foods & their in vitro anti-thyroidal activity. | consumption of cyanogenic foods has been considered as one of the etiological factors in certain instances for the persistence of endemic goitre. the present study was undertaken to study the cyanogenic glucosides, glucosinolates and thiocyanate content in edible portion of certain selected plant foods of indian origin. further in vitro anti-thyroidal activity using raw, boiled and cooked extracts of these plants with and without excess iodide was also studied. | 2004 | 15218979 |
| short interfering rna accumulation correlates with host recovery in dna virus-infected hosts, and gene silencing targets specific viral sequences. | viruses are both inducers and targets of posttranscriptional gene silencing (ptgs), a natural defense mechanism in plants. here we report molecular evidence of the ability of single-stranded dna (ssdna) viruses to induce ptgs in infected plants irrespective of the severity of or recovery from the symptoms. our results reveal that five distinct species of cassava-infecting geminiviruses were capable of triggering ptgs by producing two classes of virus-specific short interfering rnas (sirnas) of 2 ... | 2004 | 15220420 |
| production of fructosyl transferase by aspergillus oryzae cfr 202 in solid-state fermentation using agricultural by-products. | fructosyl transferase (ftase) production by aspergillus oryzae cfr 202 was carried out by solid-state fermentation (ssf), using various agricultural by-products like cereal bran, corn products, sugarcane bagasse,cassava bagasse (tippi) and by-products of coffee and tea processing. the ftase produced was used for the production of fructo-oligosaccharides (fos), using 60% sucrose as substrate. among the cereal bran used, rice bran and wheat bran were good substrates for ftase production by a. oryz ... | 2004 | 15221221 |
| effect of co-administration of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) rich diet and alcohol in rats. | the effects of co-administration of a cassava rich diet and alcohol in rats were investigated. the animals were divided into four groups (1) control, (2) alcohol, (3) cassava and (4) alcohol + cassava. consumption of alcohol along with cassava reduced the alcohol induced toxicity which was evidenced by the lower activities of got, gpt, ggt, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver and serum of co-administered group. the pyruvate content in the blood increased while the lactate cont ... | 2004 | 15270368 |
| utilization of various carbohydrate sources as affected by age in the chick. | in 3 experiments, new hampshire x columbian male chicks were fed carbohydrate-soybean meal (sbm) or casein diets from 0 to 21 d of age, and men was determined at 0 to 2, 3 to 4, 7, 14, and 21 d of age. carbohydrate sources evaluated in experiment 1 were dextrose (d-glucose), conventional cornstarch, dextrinized cornstarch, corn-syrup solids, pregelatinized unmodified cornstarch, pregelatinized tapioca starch, tapioca dextrin, high-amylose starch, and polycose (mixed glucose polymers). carbohydra ... | 2004 | 15285505 |
| development of a bionematicide with paecilomyces lilacinus to control meloidogyne incognita. | root-knot disease caused by meloidogyne incognita is a matter of grave concern because it affects several economically important crop plants. the use of solid-state fermentation (ssf) may help to elaborate efficient formulations with fungi to be employed in the biologic control of nematodes. attempts were made to select low-cost substrates for spore production of a strain of paecilomyces lilacinus with known nematicide capacity. coffee husks, cassava bagasse, and defatted soybean cake were utili ... | 2004 | 15304741 |
| comparison of citric acid production by solid-state fermentation in flask, column, tray, and drum bioreactors. | studies were conducted to evaluate citric acid production by solid-state fermentation (ssf) using cassava bagasse as substrate employing a fungal culture of aspergillus niger lpb 21 at laboratory and semipilot scale. optimization of the process parameters temperature, ph, initial humidity, aeration, and nutritive composition was conducted in flasks and column fermentors. the results showed that thermal treatment of cassava bagasse enhanced fungal fermentation efficacy, resulting in 220 g of citr ... | 2004 | 15304757 |
| xanthan gum production from cassava bagasse hydrolysate with xanthomonas campestris using alternative sources of nitrogen. | cassava bagasse was hydrolyzed using hcl and the hydrolysate was used for the production of xanthan gum using a bacterial culture of xanthomonas campestris. cassava bagasse hydrolysate with an initial concentration of approx 20 g of glucose/l proved to be the best substrate concentration for xanthan gum production. among the organic and inorganic nitrogen sources tested to supplement the medium-urea, yeast extract, peptone, potassium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate-potassium nitrate was most suita ... | 2004 | 15304758 |
| differential roles of ac2 and ac4 of cassava geminiviruses in mediating synergism and suppression of posttranscriptional gene silencing. | posttranscriptional gene silencing (ptgs) in plants is a natural defense mechanism against virus infection. in mixed infections, virus synergism is proposed to result from suppression of the host defense mechanism by the viruses. synergistic severe mosaic disease caused by simultaneous infection with isolates of the cameroon strain of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv-[cm]) and east african cassava mosaic cameroon virus (eacmcv) in cassava and tobacco is characterized by a dramatic increase in ... | 2004 | 15308741 |
| enzymatic enantioselective transcyanation of silicon-containing aliphatic ketone with (s)-hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta. | (s)-hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta (mehnl) was shown for the first time to be able to catalyze the enantioselective transcyanation of acetyltrimethylsilane (atms) with acetone cyanohydrin to form (s)-2-trimethylsilyl-2-hydroxyl-propionitrile in an aqueous/organic biphasic system. to better understand the reaction, various influential variables were examined. the most suitable organic phase, optimal buffer ph, aqueous phase content, shaking rate, temperature, concentration of atms, a ... | 2004 | 15309340 |
| regeneration of transgenic cassava from transformed embryogenic tissues. | production of transgenic plants is gradually becoming routine in cassava biotechnology. green cotyledons of maturing somatic embryos (somatic cotyledons for short) and friable embryogenic suspensions (fes) are the target tissues for transformation by agrobacterium or biolistics. putative transgenic shoots develop from transformed somatic cotyledons via shoot organogenesis or from fes via somatic embryogenesis under selection. maturation of transgenic somatic embryos is induced by transfer to mat ... | 2005 | 15310920 |
| response of cassava leaf area expansion to water deficit: cell proliferation, cell expansion and delayed development. | cassava (manihot esculenta) is an important food crop in the tropics that has a high growth rate in optimal conditions, but also performs well in drought-prone climates. the objectives of this work were to determine the effects of water deficit and rewatering on the rate of expansion of leaves at different developmental stages and to evaluate the extent to which decreases in cell proliferation, expansion, and delay in development are responsible for reduced growth. | 2004 | 15319226 |
| determination of total antioxidant activity in three types of local vegetables shoots and the cytotoxic effect of their ethanolic extracts against different cancer cell lines. | antioxidants play an important role in inhibiting and scavenging radicals, thus providing protection to humans against infections and degenerative diseases. literature shows that the antioxidant activity is high on herbal and vegetable plants. realizing the fact, this research was carried out to determine total antioxidant activity and the potential anticancer properties in three types of selected local vegetable shoots such as diplazium esculentum (paku shoot), manihot utillissima (tapioca shoo ... | 2004 | 15331345 |
| microbiological quality of fermented cassava flour 'kpor umilin'. | a study was conducted on the microbiological quality of traditionally fermented cassava flour 'kpor umilin' and a laboratory modification of the method developed with a view to upgrading the traditional process. microbial analysis of samples from both processing methods was evaluated using standard microbiological methods. the bacterial count in the traditionally processed flours ranged from 2.7 x 10(3) to 1.2 x 10(7) cfu/g, while the modified sample had a count of 3.5 x 10(2) cfu/g. the predomi ... | 2004 | 15369985 |
| east african cassava mosaic zanzibar virus - a recombinant begomovirus species with a mild phenotype. | cassava plants exhibiting mild symptoms of cassava mosaic disease (cmd) were collected from unguja island, zanzibar. cuttings grown from these plants in the glasshouse produced similar symptoms, which were milder than those caused by other known cassava mosaic geminiviruses (cmgs). the whitefly vector, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), transmitted the putative virus to 27.7% (n = 18) of target plants. total dna extracted from diseased leaves did not yield diagnostic pcr-bands using virus-specific prim ... | 2004 | 15375675 |
| anomalous effect of compression pressure on the brittle fracture tendency of alpha-cellulose tablets. | the effect of varying the compression pressure on the brittle fracture tendency of alpha-cellulose and lactose tablets has been investigated. tablet tensile strength, (t), packing fraction, (pf), and brittle fracture index (bfi) were determined at different compression pressures (0.82, 1.22 and 1.63 mpa). in another aspect of the study, alpha-cellulose and tapioca powders were mixed in various proportions to obtain powders of varying plastoelasticity. their tableting characteristics t, pf and bf ... | 2004 | 15454298 |
| kinetics of gibberella fujikuroi growth and gibberellic acid production by solid-state fermentation in a packed-bed column bioreactor. | in this work the growth of gibberella fujikuroi and gibberellic acid (ga3) production were studied using coffee husk and cassava bagasse as substrates in a packed-bed column bioreactor connected to a gas chromatograph for exit gas analysis. with the respirometric data, a logarithmic correlation between accumulated co2 and biomass production was determined, and the kinetics of the fungal growth was compared for estimated and experimental data. the solid medium consisted of coffee husk (pretreated ... | 2004 | 15458329 |
| both indian cassava mosaic virus and sri lankan cassava mosaic virus are found in india and exhibit high variability as assessed by pcr-rflp. | the biodiversity of geminiviruses associated with the cassava mosaic disease (cmd) in india was investigated using pcr to specifically amplify the dna of indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) or sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv) and also by using pcr to amplify specific viral genes, followed by digestion with different restriction endonucleases to obtain polymorphic patterns (pcr-rflp). results showed that both icmv and slcmv were present in mosaic-affected cassava; icmv was geographically re ... | 2005 | 15503225 |
| a comparison of constitutive promoters for expression of transgenes in alfalfa (medicago sativa). | the activity of constitutive promoters was compared in transgenic alfalfa plants using two marker genes. three promoters, the 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (camv), the cassava vein mosaic virus (csvmv) promoter, and the sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus (scbv) promoter were each fused to the beta-glucuronidase (gusa) gene. the highest gus enzyme activity was obtained using the csvmv promoter and all alfalfa cells assayed by in situ staining had high levels of enzyme activity. the 35s ... | 2004 | 15517994 |
| neurochemical and behavioural correlates in cassava-induced neurotoxicity in rats. | chronic cyanide intoxication from cassava has been implicated as the cause for a degenerative neuropathy known widely as tropical ataxic neuropathy. an attempt has been made in this study to identify the specific cause for neuropathy caused by cassava using wistar strain albino rats as the experimental animal model. the results of cassava fed animals were compared with control animals, animals given cyanide, malnourished animals and malnourished animals fed cyanide, to identify the causative fac ... | 2000 | 15545004 |
| growth and dietary utilisation in goldfish (carassius auratus linn.) fed diets formulated with various local agro-produces. | during a 60 d feeding trial, goldfish (carassius auratus) measuring 1.66+/-0.02 g by weight and 4.2+/-0.02 mm by length were fed diets containing 23.34%, 26.21%, 29.30%, 32.24% and 42.53% crude protein in feeds i through v respectively. the four formulated-diets (feeds i, ii, iv and v) contained groundnut oil-cake, wheat bran, soybean meal, fish meal, cod liver oil, vegetable oil and vitamin-mineral mixture with tapioca as binder and a commercially-available diet (feed iii) procured from the mar ... | 2005 | 15588775 |
| rhodococcus pyridinovorans mw3, a bacterium producing a nitrile hydratase. | rhodococcus pyridinovorans mw3 was isolated from an arable land of manioc from the congo for its ability to transform acrylonitrile to acrylamide. this strain contains a cobalt nitrile hydratase (nhase) showing high sequence homology with nhases so far described. the specific nhase activity was 97 u mg(-1) dry wt. nhase production by r. pyridinovorans mw3 was urea and co-dependent. the nhase was active for acrylamide up to 60% (w/v) indicating its potential for acrylamide production. | 2004 | 15604767 |
| snps, ssrs and inferences on cassava's origin. | despite its importance as a staple food throughout the tropics, the root crop cassava (it manihot esculenta ssp. esculenta) has traditionally not been a major focus of research. one basic question about cassava that remained unresolved until recently concerns the crop's origin. this paper describes analyses of snps (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and ssr (simple sequence repeat) variation as a means of tracing cassava's evolutionary and geographical origins. genetic diversity was examined in a ... | 2004 | 15630616 |