Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [molecular organization of the n-terminal region of delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subspecies alesti]. | the tryptic peptide sequences of the n-terminal domain ("true toxin") of delta-endotoxin of bac. thuringiensis subspecies alesti carrying 282 amino acid residues were determined. a comparison of these sequences with the primary structures of delta-endotoxin of subspecies kurstaki (k-1, k-73) determined by an analysis of corresponding structural genes revealed a conservative region of "true toxin" (residues 29-346) and a hypervariable region (residues 347-617) carrying multiple (not less than 50% ... | 1987 | 2822146 |
| [influence of various ions in sporulation and the formation of delta-endotoxin in bacillus thuringiensis cultures]. | this paper deals with studies related to the influence of several ions on growth, spore formation and endotoxin formation by a bacillus thuringiensis hd-1 strain commonly used for bioinsecticide production. two basal media (4 and 5, table 1) containing glucose, (nh4)2 so4, phosphates and yeast extract or bacto peptone as organic nitrogen sources were supplemented with several ions in different concentrations, as shown in table 1. the experiments were conducted in 1000 ml erlenmeyer flasks, conta ... | 1986 | 2825241 |
| the glycoprotein toxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis indicates a lectinlike receptor in the larval mosquito gut. | the mosquito-active protein crystals produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis contain covalently attached aminosugars which are critical for their larvicidal activity. the 50% lethal concentrations toward aedes aegypti larvae were increased up to 10-fold by mild periodate treatment, up to 40-fold by forming the protein crystals in the presence of tunicamycin, and up to 7-fold by the presence during the mosquito bioassays of n-acetylglucosamine or its trimer, triacetylchitotriose. pe ... | 1987 | 2827571 |
| nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of a coleopteran-active delta-endotoxin gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. san diego. | a gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. san diego that is responsible for a delta-endotoxin active against colorado potato beetle and some other coleoptera was sequenced and shown to have surprising regional homology with both lepidopteran and dipteran active delta-endotoxins from other strains of b. thuringiensis. unlike the lepidopteran active toxins from b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki that exist as approx. 130-kda protoxins and form bipyramidal crystalline inclusions, the coleopteran toxi ... | 1987 | 2828180 |
| cloning and expression of two homologous genes of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis which encode 130-kilodalton mosquitocidal proteins. | two homologous genes encoding 130-kilodalton (kda) mosquitocidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis have been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli or bacillus subtilis or both. one of these genes, ppc130, was expressed as a lacz transcriptional fusion in e. coli at a level sufficient to produce phase-bright inclusions, which were purified and shown to be toxic to aedes aegypti larvae. the second gene, pch130, was expressed at a low level in recombinant e. coli cells and wa ... | 1988 | 2828321 |
| [homologous and heterologous transcription of the cry+-plasmid in bacillus thuringiensis]. | the possibility of homologous and heterologous transception of cry+ plasmids in bacillus thuringiensis is demonstrated. cry+ plasmids from crystal bearing strain of bacillus thuringiensis were transferred into acrystalline strain belonging to h5 serotype by mutual incubation. the donor strain was previously marked by the transmissive plasmid pam beta 1 coding for erythromycin and lincomycin resistance. the transcipients having acquired the ability to synthesize delta-endotoxin were referred to h ... | 1987 | 2828933 |
| use of oligonucleotide probes to study the relatedness of delta-endotoxin genes among bacillus thuringiensis subspecies and strains. | fifteen bacillus thuringiensis strains representing 13 serotypes were screened with five oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes specific for certain regions of two published sequences and one unpublished sequence of b. thuringiensis delta-endotoxin genes. of the 15 cultures, 14 hybridized with at least one probe; the b. thuringiensis subsp. thompsoni strain alone did not hybridize. two b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strains of commercial interest, hd-1 and nrd-12, were found to be so closely related ... | 1987 | 2829720 |
| analysis of the molecular basis of insecticidal specificity of bacillus thuringiensis crystal delta-endotoxin. | the mechanism of action and receptor binding of a dual-specificity bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai icl delta-endotoxin was studied using insect cell culture. the native protoxin was labelled with 125i, proteolytically activated and the affinity of the resulting preparations for insect cell-membrane proteins was studied by blotting. the active preparations obtained by various treatments had characteristic specificity associated with unique polypeptides, and showed affinity for different membr ... | 1987 | 2829819 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of a 130 kda mosquito-larvicidal delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. | 1988 | 2831510 | |
| comparison of the in vivo and in vitro activity of the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. morrisoni (hd-12) and two of its constituent proteins after cloning and expression in escherichia coli. | the insecticidal crystal delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. morrisoni hd-12 contains at least five polypeptides in the range 126-140 kda. immune blotting revealed that individual proteins in this complex share homology with a range of other b. thuringiensis delta-endotoxins. in vivo the native hd-12 crystal killed a lepidopteran larva (pieris brassicae) and a dipteran larva (anopheles gambiae), but not the related dipteran aedes aegypti. in vitro the solubilized activated crystal lys ... | 1988 | 2832170 |
| interaction between the delta-endotoxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis ssp. entomocidus and liposomes. | the delta-endotoxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis ssp. entomocidus induced the release of encapsulated [14c]sucrose from reverse-phase vesicles composed of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. no such release was detected when the phospholipid component of the vesicles was either phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, or sphingomyelin. the toxin-induced release was competitively inhibited by negatively charged organic ions while positively charged organic ions, apart from choline c ... | 1988 | 2832210 |
| fractionation of two mosquitocidal activities from alkali-solubilized extracts of bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis spores and parasporal inclusions. | 1988 | 2832484 | |
| x-ray analysis of the crystalline parasporal inclusion in bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis. | 1988 | 2832614 | |
| [the role of plasmids in the regulation of delta-endotoxin synthesis in bacillus thuringiensis h14]. | the role of plasmids in regulation of delta-endotoxin synthesis by bacillus thuringiensis h14 was studied. the derivatives of strain is-1 h14 containing a 4md plasmid integrated into the chromosome synthesize small crystals and are not toxic for the gnat larvae. the transceptional transfer into this strain of a plasmid coding for crystal synthesis from the strain 69-6 serotype h5 results in restoration of insecticidal activity to the level of the parental strain is-1. transcipients activity is i ... | 1987 | 2832748 |
| binding of the delta endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis to brush-border membrane vesicles of the cabbage butterfly (pieris brassicae). | the insecticidal delta endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis was labeled with iodine-125. brush-border membrane vesicles, prepared from the midgut epithelium of pieris brassicae larvae, known to be highly susceptible to the toxin, and from a non-target tissue: the small intestine of rat, were examined for binding of 125i-toxin. the toxin was bound specifically only to insect vesicles. its binding to the insect membrane system was competitively inhibited by 127i-toxin and non-iodinated toxin, where ... | 1988 | 2833394 |
| common features of bacillus thuringiensis toxins specific for diptera and lepidoptera. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a cloned gene encoding a 130-kda crystal protein of bacillus thuringiensis (b.t.) subspecies israelensis has been determined. the recombinant protein (bt8) was purified and shown to be a mosquito-specific toxin with a lc50 value of 43 ng/ml to third-instar larvae of aedes aegypti. bt8 is processed by proteases or midgut extracts of mosquito larvae into toxic fragments of 68-78 kda. deletion mapping indicated that the active fragment of bt8 is localized in the ... | 1988 | 2833395 |
| differential specificity of two insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai. | bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai hd-249 produces more than one protein of 130-135 kd in its insecticidal crystal delta-endotoxin. we describe an indirect method of assessing the relative contribution to toxicity of two of these protoxins using monospecific antibodies directed against their active proteolytic products. our results show that one toxin is active against spodoptera frugiperda but not choristoneura fumiferana cells in vitro, while the other lyses c. fumiferana but not s. frugiperd ... | 1988 | 2835588 |
| [liberation of non-penetrating spin labels from erythrocytes and liposomes after treatment with bacterial protein]. | liberation of non-penetrating spin labels from erythrocytes and liposomes was studied at their interaction with delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. the yield of non-penetrating spin labels was shown to be a highly sensitive indicator of the disturbance of the membrane barrier function. | 1988 | 2839242 |
| multiplicity of delta-endotoxin genes with different insecticidal specificities in bacillus thuringiensis aizawai 7.29. | the hypothesis according to which multiple and different delta-endotoxin genes could determine the host-range specificity of the lepidopteran strains of bacillus thuringiensis is being checked in the case of strains aizawai 7.29 (serotype 7) and entomocidus 601 (serotype 6). from these strains, several crystal protein genes, belonging to different structural types, have been isolated. one of the cloned genes that is not present in strain entomocidus 601 is duplicated in strain aizawai 7.29. this ... | 1988 | 2840555 |
| a bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis gene encoding a 125-kilodalton larvicidal polypeptide is associated with inverted repeat sequences. | a gene encoding a 125-kilodalton (kda) mosquitocidal delta-endotoxin was cloned from the 72-mda resident plasmid of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. this gene is similar in its 3' region to the gene encoding the 135-kda protein previously cloned (c. bourgouin, a. klier, and g. rapoport, mol. gen. genet. 205:390-397, 1986). escherichia coli recombinant clones harboring the 125-kda gene were toxic to larvae of the three mosquito species aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and culex pipie ... | 1988 | 2841292 |
| structural and functional analysis of tn4430: identification of an integrase-like protein involved in the co-integrate-resolution process. | the 4149-bp transposon tn4430 from bacillus thuringiensis is delineated by 38-bp inverted repeats and codes for a 113-kd protein that shares homology with the transposases (tnpa) of tn3, tn21 and tn501. through transpositional recombination, this protein generates the formation of co-integrates between both donor and target replicons, with duplication of tn4430 molecules. these features are characteristic of transposons of the tn3 family (class ii elements). the second step of the transposition ... | 1988 | 2842151 |
| activation of insect cell adenylate cyclase by bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins and melittin. toxicity is independent of cyclic amp. | insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis (bt) delta-endotoxins are cytolytic to a range of insect cell lines in vitro. addition of bt var. aizawai or var. israelensis toxins to mamestra brassicae (cabbage moth) cells in vitro increased intracellular cyclic amp, which was paralleled by activation of adenylate cyclase in isolated membranes. var. kurstaki toxin, which does not lyse m. brassicae cells, had no effect on cyclic amp concentrations in intact cells, but was able to stimulate adenylate cyclase ... | 1988 | 2844167 |
| single amino acid changes in the bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis delta-endotoxin affect the toxicity and expression of the protein. | site-directed mutagenesis has been used to change individual amino acids of the larvicidal 27,000 mr delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. basic and acidic residues have been systematically replaced by alanine, and the resulting mutant polypeptides analysed for cytolytic and larvicidal activity, and binding to phosphatidyl choline liposomes. replacement of residues at positions 154, 163, 164, 213 and 225 results in proteins which accumulate as inclusions in recombinant baci ... | 1988 | 2845100 |
| tn916-dependent conjugal transfer of pc194 and pub110 from bacillus subtilis into bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the staphylococcus aureus plasmids pc194 and pub110 were introduced into bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis by using the streptococcus faecalis transposon tn916 as a mobilizing agent. plasmid transfer occurred only when b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was mated with a b. subtilis donor that contained both pc194 and pub110 and tn916; plasmid transfer was not observed in the absence of the transposon. b. thuringiensis transconjugants resistant to chloramphenicol (cmr) and tetracycline ( ... | 1988 | 2853391 |
| protein phosphorylation in bacillus thuringiensis during growth and delta-endotoxin production. | at least 14 phosphopolypeptides in which the phosphate groups were present as mono-esters were detected by pulse labelling of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1-dipel with [32p]orthophosphate at different stages of growth and differentiation. marked changes in the profile of phosphopolypeptides were observed primarily during the late exponential phase of growth. several phosphopolypeptides co-purified with the endotoxin crystal of this subspecies and the phosphoamino acid residue of the ... | 1988 | 2855529 |
| specificity of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins is correlated with the presence of high-affinity binding sites in the brush border membrane of target insect midguts. | binding studies were performed with two 125i-labeled bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins on brush border membrane vesicles prepared from the larval midgut of the tobacco hornworm manduca sexta or the cabbage butterfly pieris brassicae. one delta-endotoxin, bt2-protoxin, is a 130-kda recombinant crystalline protein from b. thuringiensis subsp. berliner. it kills larvae of both insect species. the active bt2-toxin is a 60-kda proteolytic fragment of the bt2-protoxin. it binds saturably and wit ... | 1988 | 2856194 |
| diversity of protein inclusion bodies and identification of mosquitocidal protein in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis produces, during sporulation, protein inclusion bodies of wide ranging sizes, all of which are toxic to mosquitoes. two proteins are present in the smallest protein bodies (less than 0.2 micron dia.), but the number of proteins increases with increasing size of protein bodies. the largest bodies (greater than 1.5 micron dia.) contain seven proteins. all of the proteins are synthesized at different times during sporulation and are added to developing prot ... | 1985 | 2858207 |
| separation of the cytolytic and mosquitocidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the cytolytic and mosquitocidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis were isolated from parasporal crystals and subsequently separated from each other. the proteins were separated by gel filtration chromatography and their molecular weights were estimated by both gel filtration chromatography and sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the apparent molecular weights of the mosquitocidal protein and the cytolytic protein were estimated to be 65,000 daltons and 28,000 daltons, res ... | 1985 | 2858208 |
| [natural strains of bacillus thuringiensis berliner pathogenic for blood-sucking mosquitoes]. | 1985 | 2863743 | |
| larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 on certain egyptian mosquito species. | 1985 | 2865318 | |
| identification of the peptides of the crystals of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis involved in the mosquito larvicidal activity. | tryptic digestion of the proteins from the purified crystals of b.thuringiensis var israelensis resulted in the decline of high molecular weight peptides without the loss of mosquito larvicidal activity, measured after immobilization of the digests with deae- sephadex a 50 beads. amongst the peptides generated (less than 44 kda), a 21 kda peptide was immunoreactive to the crystal antiserum. analysis of the peptides released from spores of the toxic (cry+) and non-toxic (cry-) strains has reveale ... | 1985 | 2865953 |
| microbial control of black flies and mosquitoes. | 1986 | 2867736 | |
| stability of the larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis: amino acid modification and denaturants. | the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis mosquito larvicidal toxin is not a sulfhydryl-activated toxin. the protein disulfide bonds were cleaved and blocked without loss of toxicity. in contrast, modification of the lysine side chains eliminated toxicity. additionally, the toxin was resistant to high concentrations of salt (8 m nabr), organic solvents (40% methanol), denaturants (4 m urea), and neutral detergents (10% triton x-100). however, it was inactivated by both positively and negativ ... | 1985 | 2868691 |
| effects of bacillus sphaericus 1593 and 2362 spore/crystal toxin on cultured mosquito cells. | 1986 | 2869088 | |
| [results of the trials of a preparation of bac. thuringiensis h-14 strain bts-393]. | 1986 | 2870421 | |
| further evidence for the role of 26 kda peptide as mosquito larvicidal principle of the crystalline delta endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis. | separation of the toxic and non-toxic subunits of the crystals of b. thuringiensis var israelensis, in native gels has revealed that the toxic subunit contained predominantly 26 kda peptide, while the non-toxic subunit was made up of 66 kda and other larger molecular weight peptides. tryptic digestion of the crystal proteins and their separation on a deae-cellulose column, resulted in the generation of a fraction with a 21 kda peptide, exhibiting larvicidal and hemolytic activities and immunorea ... | 1986 | 2872888 |
| effectiveness of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 on certain egyptian mosquito species in small ditches. | 1986 | 2873191 | |
| effects of phospholipases c on the beta-receptor-adenylate cyclase system of chick erythrocyte membranes. | the beta-adrenergic receptor located in chick erythrocyte membranes was characterized using (-)-[3h]-dihydroalprenolol ([3h]-dha) with rapid filtration techniques. the affinity of beta-adrenergic antagonist, (-)-propranolol, was approximately 100-fold higher than that of (+)-propranolol. catecholamines were bound with the receptor in the following order, (-)-isoproterenol greater than (-)-norepinephrine greater than (-)-epinephrine, suggested the binding site to be beta 1-classification. when th ... | 1986 | 2875718 |
| efficacy of a slow release formulation of bacillus thuringiensis h. 14 against mosquito larvae. | 1986 | 2875944 | |
| [effect of delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis israëlensis on biochemical functional relationships in diptera aedes aegypti]. | a study of the action of very low doses of the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis israëlensis on the larvae of aedes aegypti (diptera) gave evidence for peculiar properties of the dose/effect relations based on the variations of the regression slopes of functional relationships between the pairs cysteine/serine and fatty acids/histidine, by contrast with the pair fatty acids/glucose which exhibited a classical shaped relation. this indicates "crypto-toxicological" processes, not lethal by ... | 1986 | 2876759 |
| effects of intra- and extracellularly applied phospholipases c on excitability of squid giant axons. | the effects of phospholipases c on the membrane excitability of the squid giant axon were investigated using phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c and sphingomyelinase c of bacillus cereus, and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis. when the squid axon was perfused internally with phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c in kf or k-glutamate solution, the action potential was blocked in 4-7 min and membrane resistance decreased with time to a le ... | 1986 | 2877512 |
| efficacy of czechoslovak and soviet bacillus thuringiensis (serotype h-14) formulations against mosquito larvae. | laboratory and field comparisons were made with two wettable powder formulations of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 (b. t. h-14) prepared in czechoslovakia ("moskitur") and the ussr ("baktokulicid"). expressed in the international aedes aegypti toxic units (tu x mg-1) the potency of these two test formulations was greater than that of the institute pasteur standard ips-78 (= 1,000 tu x mg-1), i.e. moskitur had a potency of about 1,500 tu x mg-1 and the soviet baktokulicid 2,000 tu x mg-1. t ... | 1987 | 2883232 |
| [combined infections in the pathology of larvae of blood-sucking mosquitoes. 1. entomopathogenic qualities of bacterial complexes]. | 1987 | 2883561 | |
| [larvicidal activity of a bacillus thuringiensis h-l4, strain bts-393, preparation kept in long-term storage]. | 1987 | 2883562 | |
| [prospects of improving microbial larvicides and methods of control of blood sucking insects and disease vectors]. | 1987 | 2883565 | |
| a dark brown mutant of bacillus thuringiensis h. 14 synthesising higher level of mosquito larvicidal factor. | 1987 | 2886429 | |
| [interference of suspension in water on the effect of biological insecticides on mosquito larvae]. | 1987 | 2887292 | |
| cloning and expression of 130-kd mosquito-larvicidal delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis in escherichia coli. | five recombinant e. coli clones exhibiting toxicity to aedes aegypti larvae were obtained from a library of 800 clones containing xbai dna fragments of 110 kb plasmid from b. thuringiensis var. israelensis. all the five clones (pmu 14/258/303/388/679) had the same 3.8-kb insert and encoded a major protein of 130 kda which was highly toxic to a. aegypti larvae. three clones (pmu 258/303/388) transcribed the 130 kd a gene in the same direction as that of lac z promoter of puc12 vector whereas the ... | 1987 | 2890080 |
| identification of bacillus thuringiensis strains toxic to mosquitoes recently isolated in israel. | 1987 | 2891770 | |
| [participation of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis plasmids in the determination of crystal endotoxin synthesis]. | 1987 | 2894111 | |
| structural relatedness between mosquitocidal endotoxins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | a mosquitocidal toxin gene, cloned from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, was introduced into mutant crystal-negative b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cells. partial toxicity to mosquitos was restored. the 58-kilodalton cloned gene product is a minor protein component of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis crystals and is structurally related to a major, 135-kilodalton crystal toxin. | 1988 | 2894201 |
| isolation of mosquito pathogenic bacillus thuringiensis strains from mosquito breeding habitats in tamil nadu. | 1987 | 2895067 | |
| the mosquito larvicidal activity of 130 kda delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis resides in the 72 kda amino-terminal fragment. | bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis produces 130 kda delta-endotoxin which is highly toxic to mosquito-larvae. the mosquito-larvicidal activity was delineated by sequential deletions from ends of the 1136 amino acids delta-endotoxin. a maximum of 459 amino acids could be removed from the carboxy-terminal of the toxin without a significant loss of the larvicidal activity. however, no more than 38 amino acids could be deleted from the amino-terminal without losing the toxicity. the truncated p ... | 1988 | 2897850 |
| rate of ingestion by mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae) as a factor in the effectiveness of a bacterial stomach toxin. | 1988 | 2899172 | |
| nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for a 130-kda mosquitocidal protein of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. | the nucleotide sequence of pvb131 containing the gene coding for a 130-kda bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (b.t.isr) mosquitocidal protein was determined. the pvb131 plasmid was constructed by sekar and carlton [gene 33 (1985) 151-158]. our sequencing revealed only one open reading frame large enough to code for a protein of 130 kda. the translation start site was determined by sequencing the protein isolated from b.t.isr. the amino acid sequence of the protein was deduced from the nucleotide ... | 1988 | 2901387 |
| cloning and partial characterization of three small cryptic plasmids from bacillus thuringiensis. | the strain h1.1 of bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis harbors three small cryptic plasmids: pgi1, pgi2, and pgi3 (8.2, 9.2, and 10.6 kb, respectively). two of these plasmids (i.e., pgi2 and pgi3) were successfully cloned in their entirety into the vector pbr322, whereas only overlapping dna fragments covering pgi1 were obtained in escherichia coli. a curing-hybridization technique was used to obtain isolates of b. thuringiensis missing one or another small cryptic plasmid. these derivativ ... | 1988 | 2901771 |
| introduction of the streptococcus faecalis transposon tn916 into bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the conjugative streptococcus faecalis transposon tn916 was introduced into bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis by filter matings with s. faecalis. b. thuringiensis transconjugants resistant to tetracycline (tetr) were detected at a frequency of approximately 7.0 x 10(-7) per recipient cell during filter matings, whereas transfer of tn916 was not observed in broth matings. the tetr phenotype in subsp. israelensis was stable in the absence of antibiotic selection. southern hybridization ana ... | 1988 | 2901772 |
| molecular characterization of a gene encoding a 72-kilodalton mosquito-toxic crystal protein from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | a gene encoding a 72,357-dalton (da) crystal protein of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis was isolated from a native 75-mda plasmid by the use of a gene-specific oligonucleotide probe. bacillus megaterium cells harboring the cloned gene (cryd) produced significant amounts of the 72-kda protein (cryd), and the cells were highly toxic to mosquito larvae. in contrast, cryd-containing escherichia coli cells did not produce detectable levels of the 72-kda cryd protein. the sequence of the cryd ... | 1988 | 2902069 |
| efficacy of sustained-release formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and methoprene for control of coquillettidia perturbans in indiana. | 1987 | 2904943 | |
| an evaluation of gambusia affinis and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis as mosquito control agents in california wild rice fields. | the mosquito control potential of the mosquitofish and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) were evaluated in experimental wild rice fields in lake county, california. fields were assigned one of six treatment: control, 1.1 kg/ha g. affinis, 3.4 kg/ha g. affinis, bti only (6 kg/ha vectobac granules), 1.1 kg/ha g. affinis plus bti and 3.4 kg/ha g. affinis plus bti. gambusia affinis, at both release rates, significantly reduced the mosquito population at densities exceeding 100 fish/minno ... | 1988 | 2906358 |
| specificity of action on mosquito larvae of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis toxins encoded by two different genes. | a 135 kda protein gene and two open reading frames (orf1 and orf2) have been cloned from a large plasmid of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bourgouin et al. 1986). the escherichia coli recombinant clones containing these genes were highly toxic to larvae of aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi and culex pipiens. from subcloning experiments it was deduced that the 135 kda polypeptide alone was responsible for the toxic activity on both a. aegypti and an. stephensi larvae. in contrast, the prese ... | 1988 | 2906402 |
| the story of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.). | the isolation and the characteristics of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis is reviewed. included in the review are full descriptions of the nomenclature, mosquito target range of this potent mosquitocidal bacterium, as well as the genetics and biochemistry of the toxins. | 1985 | 2906651 |
| efficacy and field evaluation of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) and b. sphaericus against floodwater mosquitoes in california. | the microbial control agents bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) and b. sphaericus were evaluated in laboratory and field against psorophora columbiae. bacillus sphaericus strain 2362 was also tested in the field against aedes melanimon. psorophora columbiae was slightly more susceptible than culex quinquefasciatus to active strains of b. sphaericus. the lc90 for active strains ranged from 0.013 to 0.069 mg/liter. in field trials, aqueous suspensions of primary powder of b. sphaericus 2362 and 1593 yi ... | 1985 | 2906673 |
| factors affecting distribution of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 during flooding of rice fields. | 1985 | 2906679 | |
| the future of mosquito-borne diseases in the world. | the future of mosquito-borne diseases will depend on the improvements and implementation of chemotherapy and vaccination, as well as on biological and integrated control measures. bacillus thuringiensis h-14, b. sphaericus, lagenidium giganteum and other fungi are promising biological mosquito control agents. other control measures include parasitoids, nematodes, larvivorous fish, toxorhynchites mosquitoes, insect viruses, growth hormones, sex attractants, natural products, sanitation, and water ... | 1985 | 2906682 |
| nucleotide sequence of a gene cloned from bacillus thuringiensis subspecies entomocidus coding for an insecticidal protein toxic for bombyx mori. | 1989 | 2911478 | |
| two highly related insecticidal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki possess different host range specificities. | two genes encoding insecticidal crystal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 were cloned and sequenced. both genes, designated cryb1 and cryb2, encode polypeptides of 633 amino acids having a molecular mass of ca. 71 kilodaltons (kda). despite the fact that these two proteins display 87% identity in amino acid sequence, they exhibit different toxin specificities. the cryb1 gene product is toxic to both dipteran (aedes aegypti) and lepidopteran (manduca sexta) larvae, whereas ... | 1989 | 2914879 |
| factors influencing lethality of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki toxin for eggs and larvae of trichostrongylus colubriformis (nematoda). | a toxin from bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki was lethal to eggs and first- and second-stage larvae of the ruminant nematode trichostrongylus colubriformis. sheathed and exsheathed third-stage larvae were also killed by the toxin. however, susceptibility of the ova to the toxin decreased after several hours of development. heating at 65 c for 1 hr or freezing at 0 c for 3 mo did not affect stability of the toxin. ovicidal activity of the toxin was not altered by treatment with 13 microbial or mam ... | 1989 | 2926587 |
| management of insecticide resistance in control of the simulium damnosum complex by the onchocerciasis control programme, west africa: potential use of negative correlation between organophosphate resistance and pyrethroid susceptibility. | 1. resistance of some populations of the simulium damnosum complex to temephos (100-fold at the lc50 level), with degrees of cross-resistance to chlorphoxim (14-fold) and other organophosphate insecticides, follows intensive larvicidal control of s. damnosum s.l. in west african river systems since 1975 by the who onchocerciasis control programme. 2. larvae of at least three sibling species of the s. damnosum complex have become organophosphate-resistant: these are the forest species s. sanctipa ... | 1987 | 2979527 |
| delta endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, a proteinase-resistant protein was purified which exhibited toxicity to larval mosquitoes and cultured mosquito cells, lysed erythrocytes, and was lethal to mice. to extract the protein, a sporulating culture of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was treated with alkali, neutralized, and incubated with trypsin and proteinase k. it was then purified by gel filtration and deae column chromatography. up to 240 micrograms of toxic protein was purified ... | 1985 | 2981808 |
| potential implication of genetic engineering and other biotechnologies to insect control. | 1985 | 2982312 | |
| recent aspects of genetic manipulation in bacillus thuringiensis. | the conjugative plasmid pam beta 1 was transferred from streptococcus faecalis to several strains of bacillus thuringiensis by a filter-mating process. from a transconjugant clone of b. thuringiensis a hybrid plasmid resulting from an in vivo insertion into pam beta 1 of a 3 md dna sequence was isolated. this 3 md dna molecule (th sequence) is related to several host plasmids found in different serotypes of b. thuringiensis. a reciprocal conjugation-like process involving the transfer of pam bet ... | 1985 | 2986731 |
| molecular cloning of the delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. | a transformant of bacillus megaterium, vb131, was isolated which carries a 6.3-kb xbai segment of the crystal toxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) cloned in a vector plasmid pbc16 to yield pvb131. the chimeric plasmid dna from vb131 was introduced into a transformable bacillus subtilis strain by competence transformation. both the b. megaterium vb131 strain and the b. subtilis strain harboring the chimeric plasmid produced irregular, parasporal, phase-refractile, crystalli ... | 1985 | 2987085 |
| nucleotide sequence coding for the insecticidal fragment of the bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein. | the insecticidal crystal protein (icp) gene, icp, from a 68-kb plasmid derived from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. sotto was cloned in escherichia coli. the icp expression in e. coli cells was confirmed by both immunological and insect-toxicity assays of the cell extract. the entire icp gene resides in the 6.6-kb psti fragment, which codes for a 144-kdal peptide identical to the intact icp, as determined by its size and reaction with anti-icp antibody. deletion analysis further revealed that the ... | 1985 | 2989108 |
| ectoenzyme release from rat liver and kidney by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. | ectoenzyme release from rat liver and kidney by phosphatidylinositol (pi)-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis was studied. alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase were released from rat kidney slices to extents of up to 60% and 30%, respectively. release of alkaline phosphatase was observed at lower amounts of pi-specific phospholipase c than that of 5'-nucleotidase. both enzymes were more easily released from microsomal fractions or free cells. from kidney cells, alkaline phosph ... | 1985 | 2991210 |
| delta endotoxin inhibits rb+ uptake, lowers cytoplasmic ph and inhibits a k+-atpase in manduca sexta che cells. | delta endotoxin, a 68 kilodalton protein isolated from bacillus thuringiensis spp. kurstaki, is a potent entomocidal agent that alters a k+ current across midgut tissue of many phytophagous insects. this toxin completely inhibited the vanadate-sensitive 86rb+ uptake and mimicked the vanadate-induced decrease in cytosolic ph in a cell line (che) originating from manduca sexta embryonic tissue. the toxin also inhibited a k+-sensitive-atpase in the plasma membranes isolated from these cells. using ... | 1985 | 2993627 |
| restriction endonuclease mapping of three plasmids from bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. | restriction endonuclease cleavage site maps have been constructed of plasmids ptx14-1, ptx14-2, and ptx14-3 from bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti). | 1985 | 2998931 |
| characterized full-length and truncated plasmid clones of the crystal protein of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-73 and their toxicity to manduca sexta. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-73 produces a crystal protein which is lethal to many lepidopteran larvae. the gene encoding this crystal protein has been isolated from a 75-kb plasmid and engineered into a recombinant escherichia coli plasmid for analysis. the complete nucleotide sequences of the coding region and 387-bp 5' and 376-bp 3' to the coding region have been determined. the 3537-bp of the coding region specify a protein of mr 133 330. the full-length gene and several 3' -tru ... | 1985 | 3000881 |
| two different parasporal inclusions are produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. finitimus. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. finitimus produced at least two parasporal inclusions. one inclusion was formed within the exosporium and remained with the spore after mother cell lysis. a second inclusion formed somewhat later exterior to the exosporium. each inclusion contained a major polypeptide of about 135,000 daltons with unique antigenic determinants. this subspecies contained only two plasmids, of 98 and 77 megadaltons (mda). strains cured of these plasmids produced only the free inclusio ... | 1986 | 3001026 |
| micro-lipid-droplet encapsulation of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis delta-endotoxin for control of mosquito larvae. | the crystal delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is less toxic to larvae of anopheles freeborni than to larvae of aedes aegypti. however, when solubilized crystal was used, larvae from both species showed similar sensitivities. this effect presumably was due to the differences in feeding behavior between the two mosquito larvae when crystal preparations are used. a procedure is described whereby both crystal and solubilized b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxin were e ... | 1985 | 3002272 |
| delta endotoxin is a potent inhibitor of the (na,k)-atpase. | a 68-kda protein, delta endotoxin, produced by bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki inhibits ion transport, (na,k)-atpase, and k+-p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity catalyzed by the na+ pump. the ki for inhibition of the k+-p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity of purified dog kidney (na,k)-atpase was approximately 0.37 microm. delta endotoxin had a similar ki for inhibition of (na,k)-atpase activity when assayed at low na+ concentration (10 mm) but the inhibition was reversed when high concentration ... | 1986 | 3003059 |
| nucleotide sequence and structural organization of an insertion sequence element (is231) from bacillus thuringiensis strain berliner 1715. | this paper describes the structural organization of a repetitive dna sequence isolated from plasmids of bacillus thuringiensis strain berliner 1715. dna sequence analysis of this repetitive sequence (rs) revealed all the characteristic features of an insertion sequence (is). this 1656-bp element is delineated by two 20-bp inverted repeats which are flanked by two 11-bp direct repeats. a long open reading frame spans almost the entire sequence and is preceded by potential transcriptional and tran ... | 1985 | 3004978 |
| vegetative expression of the delta-endotoxin genes of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in bacillus subtilis. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki total dna was digested with bglii and cloned into the bamhi site of plasmid puc9 in escherichia coli. a recombinant plasmid, phbhe, expressed a protein of 135,000 daltons that was toxic to caterpillars. a hincii-smai double digest of phbhe was then ligated to bglii-cut plasmid pbd64 and introduced into bacillus subtilis by transformation. the transformants were identified by colony hybridization and confirmed by southern blot hybridization. a 135,000-dalton ... | 1986 | 3007434 |
| action of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis delta-endotoxin on the ultrastructure of the house fly larva neuromuscular system in vitro. | 1986 | 3007633 | |
| bacillus thuringiensis and related insect pathogens. | 1986 | 3007957 | |
| specificity of bacillus thuringiensis var. colmeri insecticidal delta-endotoxin is determined by differential proteolytic processing of the protoxin by larval gut proteases. | the native crystal delta-endotoxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis var. colmeri, serotype 21, is toxic to both lepidopteran (pieris brassicae) and dipteran (aedes aegypti) larvae. solubilization of the crystal delta-endotoxin in alkaline reducing conditions and activation with trypsin and gut extracts from susceptible insects yielded a preparation whose toxicity could be assayed in vitro against a range of insect cell lines. after activation with aedes aegypti gut extract the preparation was ... | 1986 | 3009187 |
| solubilization of trehalase from rabbit renal and intestinal brush-border membranes by a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. | trehalase (ec 3.2.1.28) associated with renal and intestinal brush-border membranes was solubilized by highly purified phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (ec 3.1.4.10) from bacillus thuringiensis, but not by phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c (ec 3.1.4.3) from clostridium welchii or phospholipase d (ec 3.1.4.4) from cabbage. the solubilized trehalase was not adsorbed on phenyl-sepharose, indicating that it was hydrophilic. phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c als ... | 1986 | 3011506 |
| structural similarity between the lepidoptera- and diptera-specific insecticidal endotoxin genes of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. "kurstaki" and "israelensis". | a gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. "israelensis" was cloned from the large plasmids of this subspecies and was shown to code for a mosquitocidal polypeptide. the gene could be expressed in either escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, or b. thuringiensis subsp. "israelensis" to produce the larvicidal activity. similarly, a lepidoptera-specific toxin gene from b. thuringiensis subsp. "kurstaki" was also cloned and expressed in e. coli and b. subtilis. both cloned genes were sequenced and sub ... | 1986 | 3011746 |
| alkaline phosphodiesterase i release from eucaryotic plasma membranes by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. i. the release from rat organs. | from various rat organs, alkaline phosphodiesterase i was liberated by the action of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c obtained from bacillus thuringiensis. especially, a large amount of alkaline phosphodiesterase i was released from slices of small intestine, testis, lung, and kidney, but not from pancreas and liver. the release of the enzyme induced by phospholipase c was dependent on, or proportional to, the reaction time and the concentrations of the phospholipase c and the weigh ... | 1986 | 3011761 |
| cloning and expression of the lepidopteran toxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis in escherichia coli. | the bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis strain 3a produces a proteinaceous parasporal crystal toxic to larvae of a variety of lepidopteran pests including spodoptera littoralis (egyptian cotton leaf worm), heliothis zeae, h. virescens and boarmia selenaria. by cloning of individual plasmids of b. thuringiensis in escherichia coli, we localized a gene coding for the delta-endotoxin on the b. thuringiensis plasmid of about 17 kb designated ptn4. following partial digestion of the b. thuringi ... | 1986 | 3013729 |
| identification of tn4430, a transposon of bacillus thuringiensis functional in escherichia coli. | the mobile genetic element tn4430, originating from the gram-positive bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis, and previously described as the th-sequence, is the first transposon isolated from the genus bacillus. in the present work a gene (aph-iii) conferring resistance to kanamycin was inserted into this 4.2 kb transposon. transposition experiments showed that tn4430 omega aph-iii could transpose in the gram-negative host escherichia coli when its insertion functions were supplied by an intact copy ... | 1986 | 3018445 |
| [bacillus thuringiensis--an agent for the biological control of culicidae]. | 1986 | 3018901 | |
| three classes of homologous bacillus thuringiensis crystal-protein genes. | four homologous genes encoding insecticidal crystal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis have been cloned in escherichia coli. differences in lengths of hindiii restriction fragments containing the 5' ends of the genes allowed the identification of three classes termed the '4.5- and 5.3- and 6.6-kb-class genes'. a survey of 24 strains from subspecies kurstaki and thuringiensis revealed strains containing one, two, or three of these classes of crystal protein genes. the 4.5- and 6.6-kb-class gene ... | 1986 | 3019835 |
| structural and functional analysis of a cloned delta endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis berliner 1715. | a plasmid-encoded crystal protein gene (bt2) has been cloned from bacillus thuringiensis berliner 1715. in escherichia coli, it directs the synthesis of the 130-kda protein (bt2) which is toxic to larvae of pieris brassicae and manduca sexta. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of this bt2 protein with the b. thuringiensis kurstaki hd1 dipel, b. thuringiensis kurstaki hd73 and b. thuringiensis sotto crystal protein sequences suggests that homologous recombination between the different ... | 1986 | 3023091 |
| tn5-mediated integration of the delta-endotoxin gene from bacillus thuringiensis into the chromosome of root-colonizing pseudomonads. | gene replacement mediated by tn5 sequences was used to integrate the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 delta-endotoxin gene (tox) into the chromosome of two corn root-colonizing strains of pseudomonas fluorescens. a tn5 transposase deletion element containing the tox gene (delta tn5-tox) was substituted for a tn5 element previously present in the p. fluorescens chromosome. two classes of delta tn5-tox elements were made. the first class encodes kanamycin resistance in addition to the t ... | 1986 | 3023294 |
| bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis delta-endotoxin. nucleotide sequence and characterization of the transcripts in bacillus thuringiensis and escherichia coli. | the nucleotide sequence of a 1408 base-pair dna fragment encoding the insecticidal 27,340 mr delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis has been determined by analysis of a recombinant plasmid from escherichia coli. the hydropathy plot of the protein shows it to be highly hydrophobic, consistent with a postulated cytolytic mechanism of action for the toxin. in addition, the delta-endotoxin transcriptional start points that are used in b. thuringiensis and an e. coli recombinant h ... | 1986 | 3025452 |
| bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis delta-endotoxin. cloning and expression of the toxin in sporogenic and asporogenic strains of bacillus subtilis. | a plasmid-borne gene from bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis encoding a 27,340 mr insecticidal delta-endotoxin has been cloned on a bifunctional multicopy plasmid in a wild-type sporogenic strain and two asporogenic mutants of bacillus subtilis. the delta-endotoxin gene is expressed at a low level during vegetative growth in all three strains, but the synthesis of the toxin increases markedly during the third hour of stationary phase for both the sporogenic strain and an asporogenic mutant ... | 1986 | 3025453 |
| purification and characterization of the active fragment from bacillus thuringiensis delta-toxin. | limited tryptic hydrolysis of a partially purified delta-toxin (mr = 100,000) from bacillus thuringiensis, has produced a polypeptide fragment of mr = 60,000 containing the full biological activity. the fragment was the only polypeptide observed in the polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the delta-toxin after treatment with trypsin and could be purified by deae-cellulose chromatography. amino acid and partial sequence analyses indicate that the 60,000 mr fragment has been derived from the mid- ... | 1986 | 3026371 |
| integration of the delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis into the chromosome of root-colonizing strains of pseudomonads using tn5. | the delta-endotoxin gene (tox) from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 was cloned into tn5 and the resulting tn5-tox element transposed from a vector plasmid into the chromosome of six corn-root-colonizing strains of pseudomonas fluorescens and agrobacterium radiobacter. chromosomal integration of the tox gene maximized stability and minimized the potential for horizontal transfer of the tox gene to other bacterial species. expression of the tox gene was demonstrated by western blot ana ... | 1986 | 3026918 |
| characterization and partial purification of a plasma membrane receptor for bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki lepidopteran-specific delta-endotoxin. | the lepidopteran-specific p1 delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1 was activated in vitro using insect gut proteases and found to be highly specific for the lepidopteran cell line choristoneura fumiferana cf1 among a wide range of lepidopteran and dipteran cell lines tested. the toxicity of p1 against cf1 cells is inhibited by n-acetylgalactosamine (galnac), and the lectins soybean agglutinin (sba) and wheat-germ agglutinin. protein blotting was used to identify a glycopro ... | 1986 | 3027110 |