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effects of physicochemical factors on the adhesion to cellulose avicel of the ruminal bacteria ruminococcus flavefaciens and fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes.ruminococcus flavefaciens adhered instantly to cellulose, while fibrobacter succinogenes had the highest percentage of adherent cells after about 25 min of contact between bacteria and cellulose. adhesion of r. flavefaciens was unaffected by high concentrations of sugars (5%), temperature, ph, oxygen, metabolic inhibitors, and lack of na. in contrast, the attachment was affected by the removal of divalent cations (mg and ca), the presence of cellulose derivatives (methylcellulose and hydroxyethy ...199016348315
differential fermentation of cellulose allomorphs by ruminal cellulolytic bacteria.in addition to its usual native crystalline form (cellulose i), cellulose can exist in a variety of alternative crystalline forms (allomorphs) which differ in their unit cell dimensions, chain packing schemes, and hydrogen bonding relationships. we prepared, by various chemical treatments, four different alternative allomorphs, along with an amorphous (noncrystalline) cellulose which retained its original molecular weight. we then examined the kinetics of degradation of these materials by two sp ...199116348578
alpha-glucuronidase and other hemicellulase activities of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 grown on crystalline cellulose or ball-milled barley straw.fibrobacter succinogenes produces an alpha-glucuronidase which cleaves 4-o-methyl-alpha-d-glucuronic acid from birch wood 4-o-methyl-alpha-d-glucuronoxylan. very low levels of alpha-glucuronidase activity were detected in extracellular enzyme preparations of f. succinogenes on birch wood xylan substrate. the release of 4-o-methyl-alpha-d-glucuronic acid was enhanced when the birch wood xylan substrate was predigested by either a purified schizophyllum commune xylanase or a cloned f. succinogenes ...199116348603
effect of ph and monensin on glucose transport by fibrobacter succinogenes, a cellulolytic ruminal bacterium.fibrobacter succinogenes s85, a cellulolytic ruminal bacterium, required sodium for growth and glucose uptake. cells which were deenergized with iodoacetate (500 mum) could not take up [c]glucose. however, deenergized cells which were treated with valinomycin, loaded with potassium, and diluted into sodium or sodium plus potassium to create an artificial electrical gradient (deltapsi) plus a chemical gradient of sodium (deltapna) or deltapna alone transported glucose at a rapid rate. cells which ...199216348682
effects of condensed tannins on endoglucanase activity and filter paper digestion by fibrobacter succinogenes s85.the effect of condensed tannins from birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus l.) on the cellulolytic rumen bacterium fibrobacter succinogenes s85 was examined. condensed tannins inhibited endoglucanase activity in the extracellular culture fluid, at concentrations as low as 25 mug ml. in contrast, cell-associated endoglucanase activity increased in concentrations of condensed tannins between 100 and 300 mug ml. inhibition of endoglucanase activity in both the extracellular and the cell-associated ...199316348990
real-time pcr detection of the effects of protozoa on rumen bacteria in cattle.a real-time pcr approach was used in this study to clarify the populations of major bacterial species in the rumens of faunated and unfaunated cattle. the sensitivity of this novel real-time pcr assay was evaluated by using 10(1) to 10(8) plasmid copies of target bacteria. the numbers of plasmid copies of ruminococcus albus, ruminococcus flavefaciens, prevotella ruminicola, and the cur-e cluster were higher in the unfaunated than in the faunated rumens. the cur-e cluster belongs to the clostridi ...200616467991
kinetics of cellulose digestion by fibrobacter succinogenes s85.growing cultures of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 digested cellulose at a rapid rate, but nongrowing cells and cell extracts did not have detectable crystalline cellulase activity. cells that had been growing exponentially on cellobiose initiated cellulose digestion and succinate production immediately, and cellulose-dependent succinate production could be used as an index of enzyme activity against crystalline cellulose. cells incubated with cellulose never produced detectable cellobiose, and ce ...199716535519
assessment of biases associated with profiling simple, model communities using terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism-based analyses.community profiles based on terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) analyses of amplified ribosomal rna genes are used to monitor changes in microbial community structure and are sometimes employed for semi-quantitative estimates of species richness and abundance in environmental samples. to assess the accuracy of t-rflp community profiles representing the relative abundance of bacteria in a sample, five species of ruminal bacteria were used to construct simple "communities". ...200616563536
in vitro bacterial growth and in vivo ruminal microbiota populations associated with bloat in steers grazing wheat forage.the role of ruminal bacteria in the frothy bloat complex common to cattle grazing winter wheat has not been previously determined. two experiments, one in vitro and another in vivo, were designed to elucidate the effects of fresh wheat forage on bacterial growth, biofilm complexes, rumen fermentation end products, rumen bacterial diversity, and bloat potential. in exp. 1, 6 strains of ruminal bacteria (streptococcus bovis strain 26, prevotella ruminicola strain 23, eubacterium ruminantium b1c23, ...200616971591
unravelling carbon metabolism in anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria.carbon metabolism in anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria has been investigated essentially in clostridium thermocellum, clostridium cellulolyticum, fibrobacter succinogenes, ruminococcus flavefaciens, and ruminococcus albus. while cellulose depolymerization into soluble sugars by various cellulases is undoubtedly the first step in bacterial metabolisation of cellulose, it is not the only one to consider. among anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria, c. cellulolyticum has been investigated metabolically the ...200617022659
development of a real-time pcr assay for monitoring anaerobic fungal and cellulolytic bacterial populations within the rumen.traditional methods for enumerating and identifying microbial populations within the rumen can be time consuming and cumbersome. methods that involve culturing and microscopy can also be inconclusive, particularly when studying anaerobic rumen fungi. a real-time pcr sybr green assay, using pcr primers to target total rumen fungi and the cellulolytic bacteria ruminococcus flavefaciens and fibrobacter succinogenes, is described, including design and validation. the dna and crude protein contents w ...200617117998
[cloning and identification of cellulase genes from uncultured microorganisms in pulp sediments from paper mill effluent].the metagenomic dna of pulp sediments from paper mill effluent was extracted and purified. the 16s rdna was amplified using the purified metagenomic dna as template and a 16s rdna library was prepared. sequence analysis of 16s rdna clones showed that diverse of uncultured bacteria inhabit in this environment, which can be classified into 4 clusters as spirochaetes, proteobacteria, bacteroidetes and firmicutes. a metagenomic library containing 10000 clones was constructed into cosmid vector, and ...200617172029
localization of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria on plant fibrous materials as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization and real-time pcr.to visualize and localize specific bacteria associated with plant materials, a new fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) protocol was established. by using this protocol, we successfully minimized the autofluorescence of orchard grass hay and detected rumen bacteria attached to the hay under a fluorescence microscope. real-time pcr assays were also employed to quantitatively monitor the representative fibrolytic species fibrobacter succinogenes and ruminococcus flavefaciens and also total ba ...200717209077
dominance of prevotella and low abundance of classical ruminal bacterial species in the bovine rumen revealed by relative quantification real-time pcr.relative quantification real-time pcr was used to quantify several bacterial species in ruminal samples from two lactating cows, each sampled 3 h after feeding on two successive days. abundance of each target taxon was calculated as a fraction of the total 16s rrna gene copies in the samples, using taxon-specific and eubacterial domain-level primers. bacterial populations showed a clear predominance of members of the genus prevotella, which comprised 42% to 60% of the bacterial rrna gene copies ...200717235560
characterization of a family 45 glycosyl hydrolase from fibrobacter succinogenes s85.fibrobacter succinogenes is one of the most active cellulolytic bacteria ever isolated from the rumen, but enzymes from f. succinogenes capable of hydrolyzing native (insoluble) cellulose at a rapid rate have not been identified. however, the genome sequence of f. succinogenes is now available, and it was hoped that this information would yield new insights into the mechanism of cellulose digestion. the genome has a single family 45 beta-glucanase gene, and some of the enzymes in this family hav ...200717292641
outer membrane proteins of fibrobacter succinogenes with potential roles in adhesion to cellulose and in cellulose digestion.comparative analysis of binding of intact glucose-grown fibrobacter succinogenes strain s85 cells and adhesion-defective mutants ad1 and ad4 to crystalline and acid-swollen (amorphous) cellulose showed that strain s85 bound efficiently to both forms of cellulose while mutant ad1 bound to acid-swollen cellulose, but not to crystalline cellulose, and mutant ad4 did not bind to either. one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) of outer membrane cellulose binding proteins and of outer membrane ...200717644604
characterization and synergistic interactions of fibrobacter succinogenes glycoside hydrolases.the objectives of this study were to characterize fibrobacter succinogenes glycoside hydrolases from different glycoside hydrolase families and to study their synergistic interactions. the gene encoding a major endoglucanase (endoglucanase 1) of f. succinogenes s85 was identified as cel9b from the genome sequence by reference to internal amino acid sequences of the purified native enzyme. cel9b and two other glucanases from different families, cel5h and cel8b, were cloned and overexpressed, and ...200717660301
coexpression of rumen microbial beta-glucanase and xylanase genes in lactobacillus reuteri.the aim of this study was to clone and coexpress two rumen fibrolytic enzyme genes in lactobacillus reuteri. the ability of the genetically modified strain to degrade beta-glucan and xylan was evaluated. the fibrobacter succinogenes beta-glucanase (1,3-1,4-beta-d: -glucan 4-glucanohydrolase [ec 3.2.1.73]) gene and the neocallimastix patriciarum xylanase gene, xyncdbfv, were constructed to coexpress and secrete under control of the lactococcus lactis laca promoter and its secretion signal and the ...200717694302
effect of sulfur supplements on cellulolytic rumen micro-organisms and microbial protein synthesis in cattle fed a high fibre diet.to examine the effect of sulfur-containing compounds on the growth of anaerobic rumen fungi and the fibrolytic rumen bacteria ruminococcus albus, ruminococcus flavefaciens and fibrobacter succinogenes in pure culture and within the cattle rumen.200717953586
quantification by real-time pcr of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen of sheep after supplementation of a forage diet with readily fermentable carbohydrates: effect of a yeast additive.to examine the effect of concentrate and yeast additive on the number of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen of sheep.200718045448
high-level expression of a truncated 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucanase from fibrobacter succinogenes in pichia pastoris by optimization of codons and fermentation.1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucanase is an important endoglycosidase in the brewing and animal feed industries. to achieve high-level expression of recombinant glucanase in pichia pastoris, we designed sequences encoding the alpha-factor signal peptide from saccharomyces cerevisiae and the truncated 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucanase from fibrobacter succinogenes as a whole. the codons encoding the 52 amino acids of the signal peptide and 106 residues of the glucanase protein were optimized for expression in p. pasto ...200818080120
genomic differences between fibrobacter succinogenes s85 and fibrobacter intestinalis dr7, identified by suppression subtractive hybridization.fibrobacter is a highly cellulolytic genus commonly found in the rumen of ruminant animals and cecum of monogastric animals. in this study, suppression subtractive hybridization was used to identify the genes present in fibrobacter succinogenes s85 but absent from f. intestinalis dr7. a total of 1,082 subtractive clones were picked, plasmids were purified, and inserts were sequenced, and the clones lacking homology to f. intestinalis were confirmed by southern hybridization. by comparison of the ...200818156324
cel9d, an atypical 1,4-beta-d-glucan glucohydrolase from fibrobacter succinogenes: characteristics, catalytic residues, and synergistic interactions with other cellulases.the increasing demands of renewable energy have led to the critical emphasis on novel enzymes to enhance cellulose biodegradation for biomass conversion. to identify new cellulases in the ruminal bacterium fibrobacter succinogenes, a cell extract of cellulose-grown cells was separated by ion-exchange chromatography and cellulases were located by zymogram analysis and identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. an atypical family 9 glycoside hydrolase (gh9), cel9d, with less than 20% identity to t ...200818203823
detection of novel fibrobacter populations in landfill sites and determination of their relative abundance via quantitative pcr.members of the bacterial genus fibrobacter have long been considered important components of the anaerobic cellulolytic community in the herbivore gut, but their presence and activity in other environments is largely unknown. in this study, a specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primer set, targeting the 16s rrna gene of fibrobacter spp., was applied to community dna from five landfill sites followed by temporal thermal gel electrophoresis (ttge) analysis of cloned amplification products. ph ...200818266756
semi-quantitative analysis of ruminococcus flavefaciens, fibrobacter succinogenes and streptococcus bovis in the equine large intestine using real-time polymerase chain reaction.there is a need to further our understanding of the role that the equine hindgut ecosystem plays in digestive processes and diseases. the aim of the present study was to utilise the real-time pcr technique to determine the abundance of candidate cellulolytic (ruminococcus flavefaciens; fibrobacter succinogenes) and non-cellulolytic (streptococcus bovis) bacteria in lumen contents from the caecum, ventral and dorsal colon, and rectum of healthy horses (n 14). total dna was extracted from frozen a ...200818377691
three microbial strategies for plant cell wall degradation.cellulolytic bacteria and fungi have been shown to use two different approaches to degrade cellulose. most aerobic microbes secrete sets of individual cellulases, many of which contain a carbohydrate binding molecule (cbm), which act synergistically on native cellulose. most anaerobic microorganisms produce large multienzyme complexes called cellulosomes, which are usually attached to the outer surface of the microorganism. most of the cellulosomal enzymes lack a cbm, but the cohesin subunit, to ...200818378599
changes in microbial community structure, methanogenesis and rumen fermentation in response to saponin-rich fractions from different plant materials.investigation of the effects of saponin-rich fractions on rumen fermentation, methane production and the microbial community.200818422554
utility of enzymes from fibrobacter succinogenes and prevotella ruminicola as detergent additives.in this study, we investigated the application of cellulase and protease purified from rumen bacteria as detergent additives. cellulase and protease were purified from the rumen cellulytic bacteria fibrobacter succinogenes s85, and prevotella ruminicola 23, respectively. an inhibitor test indicated that the purified protease belongs to the category of serine proteases and metalloproteases. both the enzymes were effective at a high temperature (50 degrees c) and neutral ph (ph 7-8), but the prote ...200818463911
growth monitoring of fibrobacter succinogenes by pressure measurement.in life support systems, such as the melissa (micro-ecological life support alternative) project, developed by the european space agency, the aim is to understand and assemble artificial ecosystems for ensuring human subsistence in space. fibrobacter succinogenes, an anaerobic bacterium, was used for the degradation of vegetable wastes produced in higher plants chambers, but the process does not allow the monitoring of biomass concentration and degradation rates. this study proposes a growth and ...200918488253
nmr study of cellulose and wheat straw degradation by ruminococcus albus 20.cellulose and wheat straw degradation by ruminococcus albus was monitored using nmr spectroscopy. in situ solid-state (13)c-cross-polarization magic angle spinning nmr was used to monitor the modification of the composition and structure of cellulose and (13)c-enriched wheat straw during the growth of the bacterium on these substrates. in cellulose, amorphous regions were not preferentially degraded relative to crystalline areas by r. albus. cellulose and hemicelluloses were also degraded at the ...200818513327
the release of fermentable carbohydrate from peat by steam explosion and its use in the microbial production of solvents.steam treatment of peat at 200 degrees c for 3 min, followed by instantaneous decompression (steam explosion), solubilized up to 28% of the dry matter. seventy-five percent of the solubilized material was carbohydrate, 33% of which was composed of mono- and disaccharides, including galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, and cellobiose, in order of decreasing concentration. the solubilized materials served as the sole source of carbohydrate for growth and solvent production by clostridiu ...198618555312
application of a data reconciliation method to the stoichiometric analysis of fibrobacter succinogenes growth.fibrobacter succinogenes s85, a strictly anaerobic gram-negative bacterium, was grown in continuous culture in a bioreactor at different dilution rates (0.02 to 0.092 h(-1)) on a fully synthetic culture medium with glucose as carbon source. glucose and ammonium sulfate consumption, as well as biomass, succinate, acetate, formate, and carbohydrate production were regularly measured. the relevant biomass elemental compositions were established for each dilution rate. robustness of the experimental ...200818581268
ecological and physiological characterization shows that fibrobacter succinogenes is important in rumen fiber digestion - review.fibrobacter succinogenes is a major cellulolytic species in the rumen. on the basis of molecular data, this species can be classified into four phylogenetic groups. recently gathered ecological and physiological data have revealed the importance of this species, particularly phylogenetic group 1, in rumen fiber digestion. these data indicate that group 1 should be the focus of future efforts to maximize the fibrolytic function of the rumen.200818661290
structural modeling of glucanase-substrate complexes suggests a conserved tyrosine is involved in carbohydrate recognition in plant 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucanases.glycosyl hydrolase family 16 (ghf16) truncated fibrobacter succinogenes (tfs) and ghf17 barley 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucanases (beta-glucanases) possess different structural folds, beta-jellyroll and (beta/alpha)8, although they both catalyze the specific hydrolysis of beta-1,4 glycosidic bonds adjacent to beta-1,3 linkages in mixed beta-1,3 and beta-1,4 beta-d-glucans or lichenan. differences in the active site region residues of tfs beta-glucanase and barley beta-glucanase create binding site topogr ...200818663584
degradation of forage chicory by ruminal fibrolytic bacteria.determine the susceptibility of forage chicory (cichorium intybus l.) to degradation by ruminal fibrolytic bacteria and measure the effects on cell-wall pectic polysaccharides.200818713292
biotransformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by pure culture ruminal bacteria.twenty-one ruminal bacteria species were tested for their ability to degrade 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) within 24 h. butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, fibrobacter succinogenes, lactobacillus vitulinus, selenomonas ruminantium, streptococcus caprinus, and succinivibrio dextrinosolvens were able to completely degrade 100 mg/l tnt, with <5% of the original tnt recovered as diaminonitrotoluene metabolites. eubacterium ruminantium, lactobacillus ruminis, ruminobacter amylophilus, streptococcus bovis, and w ...200918839246
mutational and structural studies of the active-site residues in truncated fibrobacter succinogenes1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucanase.1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucanases (ec 3.2.1.73) specifically hydrolyze beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds located prior to beta-1,3-glycosidic linkages in lichenan or beta-d-glucans. it has been suggested that truncated fibrobacter succinogenes 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucanase (tfsbeta-glucanase) can accommodate five glucose rings in its active site upon enzyme-substrate interaction. in this study, 12 mutant enzymes were created by mutating the conserved residues gln70, asn72, gln81 and glu85 proposed to bind to substra ...200819018102
use of real-time pcr technique in studying rumen cellulolytic bacteria population as affected by level of roughage in swamp buffalo.a real-time polymerase chain reaction approach was used in this study to determine the population of major ruminal bacterial species (fibrobacter succinogenes, ruminococcus albus, and ruminococcus flavefaciens) in digesta and rumen fluid of swamp buffalo (bubalus bubalis). four rumen-fistulated, male swamp buffalo were randomly assigned according to a 4 x 4 latin square design to evaluate the effect of the urea-treated rice straw (roughage source)-to-concentrate ratio on cellulolytic bacterial d ...200919018588
effect of tea saponin on methanogenesis, microbial community structure and expression of mcra gene, in cultures of rumen micro-organisms.to determine the in-vitro effect and mode of action of tea saponin on the rumen microbial community and methane production.200819146532
isolation and identification of cellulose-binding proteins from sheep rumen contents.to extend our understanding of the mechanisms of plant cell wall degradation in the rumen, cellulose-binding proteins (cbps) from the contents of a sheep rumen were directly isolated and identified using a metaproteomics approach. the rumen cbps were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and some cbps revealed endoglucanase activities toward carboxymethyl cellulose. using mass spectrometry analyses, four cbps were identified and annotated as known proteins from ...200919151184
production of oligosaccharides and cellobionic acid by fibrobacter succinogenes s85 growing on sugars, cellulose and wheat straw.extracellular culture fluid of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 grown on glucose, cellobiose, cellulose or wheat straw was analysed by 2d-nmr spectroscopy. cellodextrins did not accumulate in the culture medium of cells grown on cellulose or straw. maltodextrins and maltodextrin-1p were identified in the culture medium of glucose, cellobiose and cellulose grown cells. new glucose derivatives were identified in the culture fluid under all the substrate conditions. in particular, a compound identified ...200919184595
inhibition of methanogens by bromochloromethane: effects on microbial communities and rumen fermentation using batch and continuous fermentations.bromochloromethane (bcm), a halogenated methane analogue, was evaluated for its anti-methanogenic activity in both batch and continuous fermentation systems. for batch fermentation, a roughage-based substrate was incubated with mixed rumen microflora for 24 h at two concentrations of bcm (5 and 10 microm). a 89-94 % reduction in methane was obtained in terms of volume and truly degraded substrate (tds; p < 0.05). the partitioning factor (an index of efficiency of microbial protein production; ex ...200919243639
development of a rt-qpcr method for the quantification of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 glycoside hydrolase transcripts in the rumen content of gnotobiotic and conventional sheep.an improved rna isolation method based on the acid guanidinium-phenol-chloroform (agpc) procedure using saline precipitation but no column purification was evaluated for quantifying microbial gene expression using reverse transcription quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) in rumen contents. the method provided good rna integrity and quantity extracts. the transcript levels of eight glycoside hydrolase (gh) genes of the major rumen fibrolytic bacterium fibrobacter succinogenes were quantified in the comple ...200919318052
fibrolytic capabilities of ruminal bacterium fibrobacter succinogenes in relation to its phylogenetic grouping.to characterize the fibrolytic function of fibrobacter succinogenes strains in relation to their phylogenetic grouping, 32 strains were newly isolated from the rumen of sheep. all new strains were classified into phylogenetic groups 1 or 2 including a novel subgroup of group 2. importantly, the majority of the strains belonging to group 1 were isolated from ruminally incubated hay. although almost complete degradation of avicel was observed among all strains, significantly lower digestibility of ...200919431237
molecular biological detection and quantification of novel fibrobacter populations in freshwater lakes.pcr and quantitative pcr (qpcr) primers targeting the 16s rrna gene were used to detect and quantify members of the genus fibrobacter in lake water, sediment and colonized cotton taken from two freshwater lakes. phylogenetic analysis identified two groups of sequences; those clustered with fibrobacter succinogenes, the type species, and a defined cluster of clones loosely associated with several fibrobacter sequences observed previously in clone libraries from freshwater environments. 16s rrna g ...200919502438
analysis of a continuous culture of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 on a standardized glucose medium.continuous cultures of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 were performed on a standardized fully synthetic culture medium with glucose as carbon source at a dilution rate (d = 0.02 h(-1)) in a 5-l bioreactor. the culture was stabilized during 20 days and demonstrated the ability of fibrobacter succinogenes to grow in this synthetic medium. co(2) partial pressure and redox potential probes were used to check the anaerobic state of the culture. the biomass yield was calculated 0.206 g (g glucose)(-1) an ...201019548008
microbial diversity in ostrich ceca as revealed by 16s ribosomal rna gene clone library and detection of novel fibrobacter species.the ostrich (struthio camelus) is a herbivorous bird and although the hindgut is known as the site for fiber digestion, little is known about the microbial diversity in the ostrich hindgut. our aim was to analyze the microbial diversity in ostrich ceca using a 16s ribosomal rna gene (rdna) clone library approach. a total of 310 clones were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed and were classified into 110 operational taxonomy units (otus) based on a 98% similarity criterion. the similarity of ...201019632349
structural and catalytic roles of residues located in beta13 strand and the following beta-turn loop in fibrobacter succinogenes 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucanase.fibrobacter succinogenes 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucanase (fsbeta-glucanase) is the only naturally occurring circularly permuted beta-glucanase among bacterial glucanases with reverse protein domains. we characterized the functional and structural significance of residues 200-209 located in the domain b of fsbeta-glucanase, corresponding to the major surface loop in the domain a region of bacillus licheniformis glucanase.200919714803
ionized calcium requirement of rumen cellulolytic bacteria.ionized calcium (ca(+2)) appears to be required by the 3 predominant species of rumen cellulolytic bacteria, fibrobacter succinogenes, ruminococcus flavefaciens, and ruminococcus albus. the present study evaluated the role of ionized calcium in growth and cellulose digestion. maximum growth or rate and extent of digestion and lag time were the criteria used to evaluate ca(+2) requirements. all cultures except f. succinogenes a3c grew when repeatedly transferred in a medium without added ca(+2). ...200919762826
detection of fiber-digesting bacteria in the ceca of ostrich using specific primer sets.the purpose of this study was to detect three fibrolytic bacteria, fibrobacter succinogenes, ruminococcus flavefaciens, and ruminococcus albus, in the cecal digesta of the ostrich (struthio camelus) by pcr using a species-specific primer set for each 16s ribosomal rna gene (16s rdna). although amplified dna fragments obtained from each primer set had the expected size, the clone library derived from the amplimer contained non-specific sequences. the f. succinogenes-specific primer set recovered ...201019787401
biochemical and domain analyses of fsuaxe6b, a modular acetyl xylan esterase, identify a unique carbohydrate binding module in fibrobacter succinogenes s85.acetyl xylan esterase (ec 3.1.1.72) is a member of a set of enzymes required to depolymerize hemicellulose, especially xylan that is composed of a main chain of beta-1,4-linked xylopyranoside residues decorated with acetyl side groups. fibrobacter succinogenes s85 axe6b (fsuaxe6b) is an acetyl xylan esterase encoded in the genome of this rumen bacterium. the enzyme is a modular protein comprised of an esterase domain, a carbohydrate-binding module, and a region of unknown function. sequences tha ...201019897648
detection and identification of rumen bacteria constituting a fibrolytic consortium dominated by fibrobacter succinogenes.a fibrolytic consortium, dominated by the rumen cellulolytic bacterium fibrobacter succinogenes, was artificially constructed on hay stems to detect and identify rumen bacteria that can potentially interact with f. succinogenes. consortium-bacterial members were determined by dgge and sequencing analysis targeted bacterial 16s rdna. an artificial consortium was formed in a 2-step incubation of hay stems; the first step with group 1, 2 or 3 f. succinogenes strains, the second step with rumen flui ...201020163675
forage type and fish oil cause shifts in rumen bacterial diversity.despite evidence supporting improved incorporation of beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) into ruminant products, such as meat and milk, following red clover and fish oil (fo) inclusion in the ruminant diet, little is known regarding the concomitant bacterial diversity. we evaluated the effects of feeding grass vs. red clover silage with incremental fo inclusion on known lipolytic, biohydrogenating, cellulolytic and proteolytic rumen bacterial communities of steers. following 14 days o ...201020491929
mining dictyoglomus turgidum for enzymatically active carbohydrases.the genome of dictyoglomus turgidum was sequenced and analyzed for carbohydrases. the broad range of carbohydrate substrate utilization is reflected in the high number of glycosyl hydrolases, 54, and the high percentage of cazymes present in the genome, 3.09% of its total genes. screening a random clone library generated from d. turgidum resulted in the discovery of five novel biomass-degrading enzymes with low homology to known molecules. whole genome sequencing of the organism followed by bioi ...201120635162
structural and catalytic roles of amino acid residues located at substrate-binding pocket in fibrobacter succinogenes 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucanase.we created 12 mutant enzymes (e11l, f40i, y42l, n44l, n44q, e47i, l62g, k64a, k64m, r137m, r137q, and n139a) from the truncated fibrobacter succinogenes 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucanase (tf-glucanase). the enzymes were used to investigate the structural and catalytic roles of specific amino acid residues located at the catalytic pocket and having direct interactions with glucose subsites of the product beta-1,3-1,4-cellotriose (cltr). fluorescence spectrometry showed no discernible changes in secondary ...201020635417
succinic acid production from orange peel and wheat straw by batch fermentations of fibrobacter succinogenes s85.succinic acid is a platform molecule that has recently generated considerable interests. production of succinate from waste orange peel and wheat straw by consolidated bioprocessing that combines cellulose hydrolysis and sugar fermentation, using a cellulolytic bacterium, fibrobacter succinogenes s85, was studied. orange peel contains d-limonene, which is a well-known antibacterial agent. its effects on batch cultures of f. succinogenes s85 were examined. the minimal concentrations of limonene f ...201020645087
domain analysis of a modular alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase with a unique carbohydrate binding strategy from the fiber-degrading bacterium fibrobacter succinogenes s85.family 43 glycoside hydrolases (gh43s) are known to exhibit various activities involved in hemicellulose hydrolysis. thus, these enzymes contribute to efficient plant cell wall degradation, a topic of much interest for biofuel production. in this study, we characterized a unique gh43 protein from fibrobacter succinogenes s85. the recombinant protein showed α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity, specifically with arabinoxylan. the enzyme is, therefore, an arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase (axh). the ...201020709893
quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization of microbial communities in the rumens of cattle fed different diets.at present there is little quantitative information on the identity and composition of bacterial populations in the rumen microbial community. quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization using newly designed oligonucleotide probes was applied to identify the microbial populations in liquid and solid fractions of rumen digesta from cows fed barley silage or grass hay diets with or without flaxseed. bacteroidetes, firmicutes, and proteobacteria were abundant in both fractions, constituting 31. ...201020802069
functional annotation of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 carbohydrate active enzymes.fibrobacter succinogenes is a cellulolytic bacterium that degrades plant cell wall biomass in ruminant animals and is among the most rapidly fibrolytic of all mesophilic bacteria. the complete genome sequence of fisuc was completed by the doe joint genome institute in late 2009. using new expression tools developed at lucigen and c5-6 technologies and a multi-substrate screen, 5,760 random shotgun expression clones were screened for biomass-degrading enzymes, representing 2× genome expression co ...201120803100
rumen microbial population dynamics during adaptation to a high-grain diet.high-grain adaptation programs are widely used with feedlot cattle to balance enhanced growth performance against the risk of acidosis. this adaptation to a high-grain diet from a high-forage diet is known to change the rumen microbial population structure and help establish a stable microbial population within the rumen. therefore, to evaluate bacterial population dynamics during adaptation to a high-grain diet, 4 ruminally cannulated beef steers were adapted to a high-grain diet using a step-u ...201020851965
influence of the composition of the cellulolytic flora on the development of hydrogenotrophic microorganisms, hydrogen utilization, and methane production in the rumens of gnotobiotically reared lambs.we investigated the influence of the composition of the fibrolytic microbial community on the development and activities of hydrogen-utilizing microorganisms in the rumens of gnotobiotically reared lambs. two groups of lambs were reared. the first group was inoculated with fibrobacter succinogenes, a non-h(2)-producing species, as the main cellulolytic organism, and the second group was inoculated with ruminococcus albus, ruminococcus flavefaciens, and anaerobic fungi that produce hydrogen. the ...201020971877
paenibacillus polymyxa jb05-01-1 and its perspectives for food conservation and medical applications.the aim of this study was to isolate a novel bacterial strain with strong and broad spectrum antibacterial activity from a livestock feed prebiotic supplement. a novel strain, termed paenibacillus polymyxa jb05-01-1, was isolated using traditional microbiological methods and identified on the basis of its phenotypic and biochemical properties as well as its 16s rrna gene sequence. this strain was able to inhibit growth of gram-negative bacteria including escherichia coli rr1, pseudomonas fluores ...201021132276
effect of incremental levels of fish oil supplementation on specific bacterial populations in bovine ruminal fluid.the objective of this study was to determine the effects of incremental replacement of dietary linoleic acid by >20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) on changes in population of ruminal micro-organisms associated with fibre digestion and biohydrogenation using real-time pcr of bacterial 16s rrna sequences. four beef steers with ruminal cannulas were randomly assigned to control (ck, 65:35 forage to concentrate), ck with 3% sunflower oil plus 1% fish oil (s3f1), 2.5% sunflower oil plus 1. ...201121198963
display of fibrobacter succinogenes ß-glucanase on the cell surface of lactobacillus reuteri.the aim of this study was to display a rumen bacterial ß-glucanase on the cell surface of a probiotic lactobacillus reuteri strain. the ß-glucan degrading ability and the adhesion capability of the genetically modified strain were evaluated. the ß-glucanase (glu) from fibrobacter succinogenes was fused to the c-terminus of collagen-binding protein (cnb) from l. reuteri and then expressed by l. reuteri pg4 as a recombinant cnb-glu-his(6) fusion protein. confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and ...201121302894
long-term defaunation increases the abundance of cellulolytic ruminococci and methanogens but does not affect the bacterial and methanogen diversity in the rumen of sheep.protozoa are commensal eukaryotes in the rumen of herbivores. protozoa are large producers of hydrogen, which is utilized by methanogenic archaea to produce methane, a greenhouse gas. the removal of protozoa from the rumen (defaunation) decreases methanogenesis, but also negatively affects fiber digestion, which is the main function of the rumen. the aim of this study was to examine the effect of long-term defaunation on the structure of the microbiota and particularly methanogenic archaea and f ...201121346137
effects of methanogenic inhibitors on methane production and abundances of methanogens and cellulolytic bacteria in in vitro ruminal cultures.the objective of this study was to systematically evaluate and compare the effects of select antimethanogen compounds on methane production, feed digestion and fermentation, and populations of ruminal bacteria and methanogens using in vitro cultures. seven compounds, including 2-bromoethanesulphonate (bes), propynoic acid (pa), nitroethane (ne), ethyl trans-2-butenoate (etb), 2-nitroethanol (2neoh), sodium nitrate (sn), and ethyl-2-butynote (eb), were tested at a final concentration of 12 mm. gr ...201121357427
the complete genome sequence of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 reveals a cellulolytic and metabolic specialist.fibrobacter succinogenes is an important member of the rumen microbial community that converts plant biomass into nutrients usable by its host. this bacterium, which is also one of only two cultivated species in its phylum, is an efficient and prolific degrader of cellulose. specifically, it has a particularly high activity against crystalline cellulose that requires close physical contact with this substrate. however, unlike other known cellulolytic microbes, it does not degrade cellulose using ...201121526192
effect of ruminal pulse dose of polyunsaturated fatty acids on ruminal microbial populations and duodenal flow and milk profiles of fatty acids.the objective of this study was to examine the effect of ruminal pulse dose of free linoleic acid (la) and free docosahexaenoic acid (dha) on microbial populations in the rumen, duodenal fatty acid (fa) flow, milk composition, and milk fa profiles of chinese holstein dairy cows. four rumen- and duodenal-fistulated chinese holstein cows in mid lactation (138.5±10d in milk) were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups and 1 control group in a 4×4 latin square design over 4 periods (3 wk per period ...201121605768
influence of urea-calcium mixtures as rumen slow-release feed on in vitro fermentation using a gas production technique.in this experiment the effects of different urea products (urea [u] and urea-calcium mixtures [ucm]) on rumen fermentation were investigated in dependence of different energy sources by using in vitro techniques. the 7 x 2 factorial arrangement followed a completely randomised design using seven urea products (u100, u40cacl2, u50cacl2, u60cacl2, u40caso4, u50caso4 and u60caso4) in combination with cassava chips (cc) or corn meal (cm). compared with other treatments, the cumulative gas production ...201121776840
effects of monolaurin on ruminal methanogens and selected bacterial species from cattle, as determined with the rumen simulation technique.before being able to implement effective ruminal methane mitigation strategies via feed supplementation, the assessment of side effects on ruminal fermentation and rumen microbial populations is indispensable. in this respect we investigated the effects of monolaurin, a methane-mitigating lipid, on methanogens and important carbohydrate-degrading bacteria present in ruminal fluid of dairy cattle in continuous culture employing the rumen simulation technique. in six experimental runs, each lastin ...201121787874
nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation characteristic in swamp buffaloes fed on chemically treated rice straw and urea.the experiment was conducted to determine effects of urea-lime-treated rice straw and urea levels in concentrate on rumen fermentation, apparent nutrient digestibility, and cellulolytic bacteria population of 4-year-old, rumen-fistulated swamp buffaloes. all animals were randomly assigned according to a 2?×?2 factorial arrangement in a 4?×?4 latin square design to receive four dietary treatments: factor a, two sources of roughage (rice straw and 2%urea?+?2%lime-treated rice straw); factor b, two ...201121805305
populations of select cultured and uncultured bacteria in the rumen of sheep and the effect of diets and ruminal fractions.the objective of this study was to assess the importance of select cultured and uncultured bacteria in the rumen by quantifying their populations and the effect of diets and ruminal fractions. full-length 16s rrna gene (rrs) sequences were recovered from rumen samples using specific primers designed from partial sequences recovered previously. five uncultured bacterial operational taxonomic units (otus) were quantified using specific quantitative pcr (qpcr) in fractionated ruminal samples from s ...201121822435
rational design to improve thermostability and specific activity of the truncated fibrobacter succinogenes 1,3-1,4-β-d: -glucanase.1,3-1,4-β-d: -glucanase has been widely used as a feed additive to help non-ruminant animals digest plant fibers, with potential in increasing nutrition turnover rate and reducing sanitary problems. engineering of enzymes for better thermostability is of great importance because it not only can broaden their industrial applications, but also facilitate exploring the mechanism of enzyme stability from structural point of view. to obtain enzyme with higher thermostability and specific activity, st ...201121959377
In vitro rumen fermentation and methane production are influenced by active components of essential oils combined with fumarate.Two trials were conducted to identify the optimal levels of essential oil active components (EOAC) and their combination with fumarate on in vitro rumen fermentation. In trial 1, eugenol, carvacrol, citral and cinnamaldehyde were mixed at ratios of 1:2:3:4, 2:1:4:3, 3:4:1:2, 4:3:2:1 and 1:1:1:1 to make up five combinations (EOAC1, EOAC2, EOAC3, EOAC4 and EOAC5 respectively). The mixtures were supplied at levels of 0, 50, 200 or 500 mg/l to identify the optimal combination for methane reduction. ...201121966888
Effects of nitrate on methane production, fermentation, and microbial populations in in vitro ruminal cultures.The objective of this study was to examine the effects of nitrate on methane production, important fermentation characteristics, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, total bacteria, and methanogens using in vitro ruminal cultures. Potential adaptation of the above microbes and persistency of nitrate to mitigate CH4 production were also evaluated. Methane production was reduced by 70% at 12 µmol ml(-1) and nearly completely at =24 µmol ml(-1) nitrate. Productio ...201222047657
Responses in digestion, rumen fermentation and microbial populations to inhibition of methane formation by a halogenated methane analogue.The effects of the anti-methanogenic compound, bromochloromethane (BCM), on rumen microbial fermentation and ecology were examined in vivo. Japanese goats were fed a diet of 50 % Timothy grass and 50 % concentrate and then sequentially adapted to low, mid and high doses of BCM. The goats were placed into the respiration chambers for analysis of rumen microbial function and methane and H2 production. The levels of methane production were reduced by 5, 71 and 91 %, and H2 production was estimated ...201122059589
Evidence for the possible involvement of Selenomonas ruminantium in rumen fiber digestion.Selenomonas ruminantium strains were isolated from sheep rumen, and their significance for fiber digestion was evaluated. Based on the phylogenetic classification, two clades of S. ruminantium (clades I and II) were proposed. Clade II is newly found, as it comprised only new isolates that were phylogenetically distant from the type strain, while all of the known isolates were grouped in the major clade I. More than half of clade I isolates displayed CMCase activity with no relation to the degree ...201122092507
Effects of chestnut tannins and coconut oil on growth performance, methane emission, ruminal fermentation, and microbial populations in sheep.This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chestnut tannins (CT) and coconut oil (CO) on growth performance, methane (CH4) emission, ruminal fermentation, and microbial populations in sheep. A total of 48 Rideau Arcott sheep (average body weight 31.5±1.97 kg, 16 wk old) were randomly assigned into 6 treatment groups in a 3 × 2 factorial design, with CT and CO as the main effects (8 sheep per group). The treatments were control diet (CTR), 10 or 30 g of CT/kg of diet (CT10 and CT30), 25 ...201122118094
the fibrobacteres: an important phylum of cellulose-degrading bacteria.the phylum fibrobacteres currently comprises one formal genus, fibrobacter, and two cultured species, fibrobacter succinogenes and fibrobacter intestinalis, that are recognised as major bacterial degraders of lignocellulosic material in the herbivore gut. historically, members of the genus fibrobacter were thought to only occupy mammalian intestinal tracts. however, recent 16s rrna gene-targeted molecular approaches have demonstrated that novel centres of variation within the genus fibrobacter a ...201222213055
in situ identification of carboxymethyl cellulose-digesting bacteria in the rumen of cattle fed alfalfa or triticale.a method was developed and used to arrest and stain reducing sugars (glucose) produced by bacteria with cell-surface-associated carboxymethyl cellulase (cmcase) and endoglucanase activities (cmc bacteria) in the rumen of cows fed alfalfa or triticale. precipitation of silver oxide on the surface of individual cells was observed using cellulolytic bacterial pure cultures with known cmcase activity and rumen mixed cultures. the cmc bacteria in the liquid and solid fractions of the rumen digesta we ...201222224860
bean husks as a supplemental fiber for ruminants: potential use for activation of fibrolytic rumen bacteria to improve main forage digestion.this study evaluated the suitability of easily digested fiber sources as a supplemental fiber to improve overall fiber digestion in ruminants. first, the degradation of five fibrous feedstuffs and the stimulatory effects on rumen bacteria were examined in situ. chickpea and lablab bean husks were selected for their potential use due to their large degradable fraction (> 94%), which had a stimulatory effect on fibrolytic rumen bacteria such as fibrobacter succinogenes. second, a possible improvem ...201222250738
rumen microbial variation and nutrient utilisation in mithun (bos frontalis) under different feeding regimes.the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of feeding different diets on fermentation, enzyme activities and microbial population in the rumen fluid of mithun (bos frontalis). in a randomized block design, 20 male mithun (6-8 months of age, 152 ± 12.6 kg body weight) were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 5/group) and fed experimental diets ad libitum for 180 days. the diet r1 contained tree foliages (tf), r2 comprised of 50% concentrate mixture (cm) and 50% tf, r3 cont ...201322289020
microbial population in the rumen of swamp buffalo (bubalus bubalis) as influenced by coconut oil and mangosteen peel supplementation.four, rumen fistulated swamp buffalo bulls were used to study microbial populations in the rumen when supplemented with coconut oil and mangosteen peel. animals were randomly assigned to a 4 × 4 latin square design. four treatments were un-supplemented (control), supplementation with coconut oil at 50 g/kg (co5), supplementation with mangosteen peel at 30 g/kg (mp3) and supplementation with co5 and mp3 (com), of total dm intake. animals received concentrate at 10 g/kg of bw, and rice straw was g ...201322356106
a fibrolytic enzyme additive for lactating holstein cow diets: ruminal fermentation, rumen microbial populations, and enteric methane emissions.the objective was to determine if supplementing a dairy cow diet with an exogenous fibrolytic enzyme additive (econase rde; ab vista, marlborough, wiltshire, uk) altered fermentation, ph, and microbial populations in the rumen or enteric methane (ch(4)) emissions. in a companion study, this enzyme additive improved efficiency of fat-corrected milk production in a dose-dependent manner by up to 11% for early lactation dairy cows. nine ruminally cannulated, lactating holstein cows were used in a r ...201222365224
reducing methane emissions and the methanogen population in the rumen of tibetan sheep by dietary supplementation with coconut oil.the objective was to evaluate the effect of dietary coconut oil on methane (ch(4)) emissions and the microbial community in tibetan sheep. twelve animals were assigned to receive either a control diet (oaten hay) or a mixture diet containing concentrate (maize meal), in which coconut oil was supplemented at 12 g/day or not for a period of 4 weeks. ch(4) emissions were measured by using the 'tunnel' technique, and microbial communities were examined using quantitative real-time pcr. daily ch(4) p ...201222367716
gut microbiology - broad genetic diversity, yet specific metabolic niches.analysis of 16s ribosomal rna (rrna)-encoding gene sequences from gut microbial ecosystems reveals bewildering genetic diversity. some metabolic functions, such as glucose utilisation, are fairly widespread throughout the genetic spectrum. others, however, are not. despite so many phylotypes being present, single species or perhaps only two or three species often carry out key functions. among ruminal bacteria, only three species can break down highly structured cellulose, despite the prevalence ...200822443591
the stimulatory effect of the organic sulfur supplement, mercaptopropane sulfonic acid on cellulolytic rumen microorganisms and microbial protein synthesis in cattle fed low sulfur roughages.two metabolism trials (experiments 1 and 2) were conducted to examine the effect of the organic s compound, sodium 3-mercapto-1-propane sulfonic acid (mps) on feed intake, fiber digestibility, rumen fermentation and abundance of cellulolytic rumen microorganisms in cattle fed low s (<0.11%) roughages. urea was provided in all treatments to compensate for the n deficiency (<0.6%) in the roughages. in experiment 1, steers (333 ± 9.5 kg liveweight) were fed angleton grass (dicanthium aristatum) sup ...200922444766
soybean oil and linseed oil supplementation affect profiles of ruminal microorganisms in dairy cows.the objective of this study was to evaluate changes in ruminal microorganisms and fermentation parameters due to dietary supplementation of soybean and linseed oil alone or in combination. four dietary treatments were tested in a latin square designed experiment using four primiparous rumen-cannulated dairy cows. treatments were control (c, 60 : 40 forage to concentrate) or c with 4% soybean oil (s), 4% linseed oil (l) or 2% soybean oil plus 2% linseed oil (sl) in a 4 × 4 latin square with four ...200922444989
engineering escherichia coli for succinate production from hemicellulose via consolidated bioprocessing.the recalcitrant nature of hemicellulosic materials and the high cost in depolymerization are the primary obstacles preventing the use of xylan as feedstock for fuel and chemical production. consolidated bioprocessing, incorporating enzyme-generating, biomass-degrading and bioproduct-producing capabilities into a single microorganism, could potentially avoid the cost of the dedicated enzyme generation in the process of xylan utilization. in this study, we engineered escherichia coli strains capa ...201222455836
effects of essential oils on methane production and fermentation by, and abundance and diversity of, rumen microbial populations.five essential oils (eos), namely, clove oil (clo), eucalyptus oil (euo), garlic oil (gao), origanum oil (oro), and peppermint oil (peo), were tested in vitro at 3 different doses (0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 g/liter) for their effect on methane production, fermentation, and select groups of ruminal microbes, including total bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria, archaea, and protozoa. all the eos significantly reduced methane production with increasing doses, with reductions by 34.4%, 17.6%, 42.3%, 87%, and ...201222492451
characterization of rumen bacterial diversity and fermentation parameters in concentrate fed cattle with and without forage.to determine the effects of the removal of forage in high-concentrate diets on rumen fermentation conditions and rumen bacterial populations using culture-independent methods.201222533638
effects of disodium fumarate on ruminal fermentation and microbial communities in sheep fed on high-forage diets.this study was conducted to investigate effects of disodium fumarate (df) on fermentation characteristics and microbial populations in the rumen of hu sheep fed on high-forage diets. two complementary feeding trials were conducted. in trial 1, six hu sheep fitted with ruminal cannulae were randomly allocated to a 2 × 2 cross-over design involving dietary treatments of either 0 or 20 g df daily. total dna was extracted from the fluid- and solid-associated rumen microbes, respectively. numbers of ...201222558929
effect of phenotypic residual feed intake and dietary forage content on the rumen microbial community of beef cattle.feed-efficient animals have lower production costs and reduced environmental impact. given that rumen microbial fermentation plays a pivotal role in host nutrition, the premise that rumen microbiota may contribute to host feed efficiency is gaining momentum. since diet is a major factor in determining rumen community structure and fermentation patterns, we investigated the effect of divergence in phenotypic residual feed intake (rfi) on ruminal community structure of beef cattle across two contr ...201222562991
effects of hop varieties on ruminal fermentation and bacterial community in an artificial rumen (rusitec).there is a growing interest in the use of hops (humulus lupulus) as an alternative to antibiotics to manipulate ruminal fermentation. however, the effects of different hop varieties on ruminal fermentation and bacterial populations have not been studied. here the effects of three hop varieties, cascade (cas), millennium (mil) and teamaker (tm), at a level of 800 µg ml(-1) inoculum on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations in an artificial rumen system (rusitec) fed a barley silage-based ...201322692875
effect of disodium fumarate on microbial abundance, ruminal fermentation and methane emission in goats under different forage: concentrate ratios.this study investigated the effects of disodium fumarate (df) on methane emission, ruminal fermentation and microbial abundance in goats under different forage (f) : concentrate (c) ratios and fed according to maintenance requirements. four ruminally fistulated, castrated male goats were used in a 4 × 4 latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments and the main factors being the f : c ratios (41 : 59 or 58 : 42) and df supplementation (0 or 10 g/day). df reduced methane pr ...201222717128
involvement of recently cultured group u2 bacterium in ruminal fiber digestion revealed by coculture with fibrobacter succinogenes s85.in a previous study, we reported the ecological significance of uncultured bacterial group u2 in the rumen. in this study, the involvement of a recently cultured group u2 bacterium, strain r-25, in fiber digestion was tested in coculture with the fibrolytic bacterium fibrobacter succinogenes s85. dry matter (dm) digestion, growth and metabolites were examined in culture using rice straw as the carbon source. although strain r-25 did not digest rice straw in monoculture, coculture of strain r-25 ...201222849722
screening of a xylanase clone from a fosmid library of rumen microbiota in hu sheep.the glycosyl hydrolase family 11, which is responsible for carbohydrate metabolism, was identified in the open reading frame (orf) 6 of a xylanase positive clone from a fosmid library of rumen microbiota of hu sheep. a blastp search of genbank revealed that orf6 encoded a 355-amino acid putative endoxylanase, having 61% similarity (e(-73)) to endo-1,4-β-xylanase of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 (yp_003250510.1). predicted with the swiss-model, there were two separate β-sandwich clusters linked wi ...201222870871
use of prevotella bryantii 25a and a commercial probiotic during subacute acidosis challenge in midlactation dairy cows.the objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of prevotella bryantii 25a as a probiotic during a subacute ruminal acidosis (sara) challenge using a commercial probiotic as a positive control. six multiparous ruminally fistulated cows (bw=685 ± 65 kg; (mean ± sd) in the mid-phase of lactation (70 to 148 dim) received the following treatments in a replicated 3×3 latin square design: (1) total mixed ration (tmr; control, con), (2) tmr + 2g/head per day of a probiotic combination of ente ...201222901468
effects of quillaja and yucca saponins on communities and select populations of rumen bacteria and archaea, and fermentation in vitro.the objective of this study was to comprehensively evaluate quillaja (qsp) and yucca saponin (ysp) products with respect to their effects on diversity of rumen bacteria and archaea, abundance of selected microbes, and feed degradability and fermentation.201222925153
quantitative comparisons of select cultured and uncultured microbial populations in the rumen of cattle fed different diets. 201222958370
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