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pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis.cystic fibrosis (cf) is an autosomal-recessive disorder and affects about 60,000 people worldwide. the cf gene, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr), was found in 1989 and over 800 mutations have been sequenced. although our understanding of the pathophysiology of cf has increased, pulmonary infections remain the major cause of morbidity and mortality. during the first decade of life, staphylococcus aureus and nontypable haemophilus influenza are most common, but pseudo ...200211891518
synergistic activities of macrolide antibiotics against pseudomonas aeruginosa, burkholderia cepacia, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and alcaligenes xylosoxidans isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis.azithromycin and clarithromycin were paired with other antibiotics to test synergistic activity against 300 multidrug-resistant pathogens isolated from cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. clarithromycin-tobramycin was most active against pseudomonas aeruginosa and inhibited 58% of strains. azithromycin-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin-ceftazidime, and azithromycin-doxycycline or azithromycin-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole inhibited 40, 20, and 22% of stenotrophomonas maltophilia, burkholder ...200211897598
ribosomal dna-directed pcr for identification of achromobacter (alcaligenes) xylosoxidans recovered from sputum samples from cystic fibrosis patients.the opportunistic human pathogen achromobacter (alcaligenes) xylosoxidans has been recovered with increasing frequency from respiratory tract culture of persons with cystic fibrosis (cf). however, confusion of this species with other closely related respiratory pathogens has limited studies to better elucidate its epidemiology, natural history, and pathogenic role in cf. misidentification of a. xylosoxidans as burkholderia cepacia complex is especially problematic and presents a challenge to eff ...200211923333
comparative evaluation of the bd phoenix and vitek 2 automated instruments for identification of isolates of the burkholderia cepacia complex.we evaluated two new automated identification systems, the bd phoenix (becton dickinson) and the vitek 2 (biomérieux), for identification of isolates of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc). the test sample included 42 isolates of the highly virulent and epidemic genomovar iii, 45 isolates of b. multivorans, and 47 isolates of other members of the bcc. rates of correct identification by the bd phoenix and vitek 2 were similar when all bcc isolates were considered (50 and 53%, respectively) but ...200211980954
prevalent bacterial species and novel phylotypes in advanced noma lesions.the purpose of this study was to determine the bacterial diversity in advanced noma lesions using culture-independent molecular methods. 16s ribosomal dna bacterial genes from dna isolated from advanced noma lesions of four nigerian children were pcr amplified with universally conserved primers and spirochetal selective primers and cloned into escherichia coli. partial 16s rrna sequences of approximately 500 bases from 212 cloned inserts were used initially to determine species identity or close ...200212037085
bacteria-degraders as the base of an amperometric biosensor for detection of anionic surfactants.several strains belonging to genera pseudomonas and achromobacter and characterized by the ability to degrade anionic surfactants were tested as potential bases of microbial biosensors for surfactant detection. for each strain the substrate specificity and stability of sensor signals were studied. the total amount of the substrates tested (including carbohydrates, alcohols, aromatics, organic acids, etc.) was equal to 60; the maximal signals were observed towards the anionic surfactants. the low ...200212052348
amino acid sequence of a thrombin like enzyme, elegaxobin, from the venom of trimeresurus elegans (sakishima-habu).the amino acid sequence of a thrombin like enzyme, named elegaxobin, isolated from the venom of trimeresurus elegans (sakishima-habu) was determined by edman sequencing of the peptides, derived from digests with cyanogen bromide, hydroxylamine, achromobacter protease i, trypsin, v8 protease, and chymotrypsin. elegaxobin showed conservation of the catalytic amino acid residues (his, asp, and ser) of trypsin like serine protease in the amino acid sequence. the carboxy-terminal amino acid, leu, was ...200212076650
lysobacter strain with high lysyl endopeptidase production.a new lysyl endopeptidase producing strain, lysobacter sp. ib-9374, was isolated from soil. this strain secreted the endopeptidase to culture medium at 6-12-fold higher levels relative to achromobacter lyticus and lysobacter enzymogenes. the mature lysobacter sp. enzyme was enzymatically identical to achromobacter lysyl endopeptidase bearing lysyl bond specificity, a high peptidase activity, a wide ph optimum, and stability against denaturants. nucleotide sequence analysis of the lysobacter sp. ...200212127482
electrostatic role of aromatic ring stacking in the ph-sensitive modulation of a chymotrypsin-type serine protease, achromobacter protease i.achromobacter protease i (api) has a unique region of aromatic ring stacking with trp169-his210 in close proximity to the catalytic triad. this paper reveals the electrostatic role of aromatic stacking in the shift in optimum ph to the alkaline region, which is the highest ph range (8.5-10) among chymotrypsin-type serine proteases. the ph-activity profile of api showed a sigmoidal distribution that appears at ph 8-10, with a shoulder at ph 6-8. variants with smaller amino acid residues substitut ...200212180992
use of 16s rrna gene sequencing for identification of nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli recovered from patients attending a single cystic fibrosis center.during 1999, we used partial 16s rrna gene sequencing for the prospective identification of atypical nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients attending our cystic fibrosis center. of 1,093 isolates of nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli recovered from 148 patients, 46 (4.2%) gave problematic results with conventional phenotypic tests. these 46 isolates were genotypically identified as pseudomonas aeruginosa (19 isolates, 12 patients), achromobacter xylosoxidans (10 isolates, 8 ...200212354883
sulphoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase yields acetyl phosphate: purification from alcaligenes defragrans and gene clusters in taurine degradation.the facultatively anaerobic bacterium alcaligenes defragrans nkntau was found to oxidize taurine (2-aminoethanesulphonate) with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. taurine was transaminated to 2-sulphoacetaldehyde. this was not converted into sulphite and acetate by a "sulphoacetaldehyde sulpho-lyase" (ec 4.4.1.12), but into sulphite and acetyl phosphate, which was identified by three methods. the enzyme, which required the addition of phosphate, thiamin diphosphate and mg(2+) ions for ac ...200312358600
phosphorylation of calmodulin by ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase iv.calmodulin-dependent protein kinase iv (cam-kinase iv) phosphorylated calmodulin (cam), which is its own activator, in a poly-l-lys [poly(lys)]-dependent manner. although cam-kinase ii weakly phosphorylated cam under the same conditions, cam-kinase i, cam-kinase kinase alpha, and camp-dependent protein kinase did not phosphorylate cam. polycations such as poly(lys) were required for the phosphorylation. the optimum concentration of poly(lys) for the phosphorylation of 1 microm cam was about 10 m ...200212392717
nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant isolates of pseudomonas putida producing vim-1 metallo-beta-lactamase.successful carbapenem-based chemotherapy for the treatment of pseudomonas infections has been seriously hindered by the recent appearance of imp- and vim-type metallo-beta-lactamases, which confer high-level resistance to carbapenems and most other beta-lactams. recently, multidrug-resistant pseudomonas putida isolates for which carbapenem mics were >/=32 micro g/ml were recovered from cultures of urine from three inpatients in the general intensive care unit of the ospedale di circolo, varese, ...200212409373
identification of the active site residues of pseudomonas aeruginosa protease iv. importance of enzyme activity in autoprocessing and activation.protease iv is a lysine-specific endoprotease produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa whose activity has been correlated with corneal virulence. comparison of the protease iv amino acid sequence to other bacterial proteases suggested that amino acids his-72, asp-122, and ser-198 could form a catalytic triad that is critical for protease iv activity. to test this possibility, site-directed mutations by alanine substitution were introduced into six selected residues including the predicted triad and id ...200312419815
metal-ligand interplay in blue copper proteins studied by 1h nmr spectroscopy: cu(ii)-pseudoazurin and cu(ii)-rusticyanin.the blue copper proteins (bcps), pseudoazurin from achromobacter cycloclastes and rusticyanin from thiobacillus ferrooxidans, have been investigated by (1)h nmr at a magnetic field of 18.8 t. hyperfine shifts of the protons belonging to the coordinated ligands have been identified by exchange spectroscopy, including the indirect detection for those resonances that cannot be directly observed (the beta-ch(2) of the cys ligand, and the nh amide hydrogen bonded to the s(gamma)(cys) atom). these dat ...200212431099
preliminary crystallographic studies of two c-terminally truncated copper-containing nitrite reductases from achromobacter cycloclastes: changed crystallizing behaviors caused by residue deletion.the c-terminal segment of copper-containing nitrite reductase from achromobacter cycloclastes (acnir) has been found essential for maintaining both the quaternary structure and the enzyme activity of acnir. c-terminal despentapeptide acnir (nirc-5) and desundecapeptide acnir (nirc-11) are two important truncated mutants whose activities and stability have been affected by residue deletion. in this study, the two mutants were crystallized using the hanging drop vapor diffusion method. crystals of ...200212437965
metal-ligand interactions in perturbed blue copper sites: a paramagnetic (1)h nmr study of co(ii)-pseudoazurin.pseudoazurin is an electron transfer copper protein, a member of the cupredoxin family. the protein is frequently found in denitrifying bacteria, where it is the electron donor of nitrite reductase. the copper at the active site is coordinated to his40, cys78, his81 and met86 in a distorted tetragonal geometry. we have recorded and assigned the (1)h nmr spectra of co(ii)-substituted pseudoazurin from achromobacter cycloclastes. the (1)h nmr spectrum of co(ii)-pseudoazurin closely resembles that ...200312459901
crystal structure of a no-forming nitrite reductase mutant: an analog of a transition state in enzymatic reaction.i257e was obtained by site directed mutagenesis of nitrite reductase from achromobacter cycloclastes. the mutant has no enzyme activity. its crystal structure determined at 1.65a resolution shows that the side-chain carboxyl group of the mutated residue, glu257, coordinates with the type 2 copper in the mutant and blocks the contact between the type 2 copper and its solvent channel, indicating that the accessibility of the type 2 copper is essential for maintaining the activity of nitrite reduct ...200312615072
characterization and function of met150gln mutant of copper-containing nitrite reductase from achromobacter cycloclastes iam1013.the mutant (m150q-nir) replacing the met150 ligand of the type 1 cu center in achromobacter cycloclastes nitrite reductase (acnir) with gln has been physicochemically and functionally characterized. the electronic absorption and cd spectra of m150q-nir are similar to those of mavicyanin and stellacyanin having the 2his, cys, and gln ligands, but the epr signal has an axial character, although their blue copper proteins show rhombic epr signals. the mutant has about 80% catalytic activity of acni ...200312659849
achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia: a 10-year analysis of 54 cases.fifty-four cases of achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia diagnosed over a 10-year period in patients from 2 months to 87 years of age were reviewed. fifty-two episodes were nosocomial. the most frequent underlying condition was neoplasm (solid or hematological). the source of infection was a contaminated intravenous catheter in 35 patients (60%) and pneumonia in 6 patients. eight (15%) patients died. the only risk factors significantly associated with mortality were age over 65 years and neutro ...200312750959
the structure of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from alcaligenes xylosoxidans at 1.7 a resolution.the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) from the gram-negative denitrifying bacterial species alcaligenes xylosoxidans was purified and crystallized as a contaminant protein during purification of nitrous oxide reductase. this is the first structure of a gapdh from a denitrifying species. the crystal structure was solved at 1.7 a resolution by molecular replacement using the structure of gapdh from bacillus stearothermophilus as a starting model. the quality of the structure ...200312777799
ambient stm and in situ afm study of nitrite reductase proteins adsorbed on gold and graphite: influence of the substrate on protein interactions.trimeric achromobacter cycloclastes cu-containing nitrite reductase (cunir) proteins adsorbed on gold and graphite have been studied by ambient stm and in situ afm. stm resolves them individually and in layers, distinguishing the sub-molecular individual units of the trimer. the cu atoms are not visible to stm. stm shows that individual cunir denatures as it adsorbs on au, although a deformed trimeric shape can be identified in some cases. cunir forms disordered layers on gold. on graphite, orde ...200312801658
isolation and characterization of a new strain of achromobacter sp. with beta-lactam antibiotic acylase activity.a bacterial strain producing a beta-lactam antibiotic acylase, able to hydrolyze ampicillin to 6-aminopenicillanic acid more efficiently than penicillin g, was isolated from soil and characterized. the isolate was identified as achromobacter sp. using the phenotypic characteristics, composition of cellular fatty acids and 16s rrna gene sequence. the enzyme synthesis was fully induced by phenylacetic acid (paa) at a concentration of 2 g l(-1). paa at concentrations up to 12 g l(-1) had no negativ ...200312827318
classification of ralstonia pickettii-like isolates from the environment and clinical samples as ralstonia insidiosa sp. nov.thirteen ralstonia pickettii-like isolates from the environment (water, soil and activated sludge) and human clinical samples (including respiratory secretions of cystic fibrosis patients) were investigated in a polyphasic taxonomic study that employed 16s rdna sequence analysis, dna-dna hybridization, determination of dna base composition, whole-cell protein analysis, biochemical characterization and pcr-based assays. all isolates were classified as a novel ralstonia species, for which the name ...200312892129
the biphenyl- and 4-chlorobiphenyl-catabolic transposon tn4371, a member of a new family of genomic islands related to incp and ti plasmids.the nucleotide sequence of the biphenyl catabolic transposon tn4371 has been completed and analyzed. it confirmed that the element has a mosaic structure made of several building blocks. in addition to previously identified genes coding for a tyrosine recombinase related to phage integrases and for biphenyl degradation enzymes very similar to those of achromobacter georgiopolitanum kks102, tn4371 carries many plasmid-related genes involved in replication, partition, and other, as-yet-unknown, pl ...200312902278
[phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of non fermenting atypical strains recovered from cystic fibrosis patients].we used partial 16s rrna gene (16s dna) sequencing for the prospective identification of nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli recovered from patients attending our cystic fibrosis center (hôpital necker-enfants malades), which gave problematic results with conventional phenotypic tests. during 1999, we recovered 1093 isolates of nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli from 702 sputum sampled from 148 patients. forty-six of these isolates (27 patients) were not identified satisfactorily in routine lab ...200312948761
exposure of sink drain microcosms to triclosan: population dynamics and antimicrobial susceptibility.recent concern that the increased use of triclosan (tcs) in consumer products may contribute to the emergence of antibiotic resistance has led us to examine the effects of tcs dosing on domestic-drain biofilm microcosms. tcs-containing domestic detergent (tcsd) markedly lowered biofouling at 50% (wt/vol) but was poorly effective at use levels. long-term microcosms were established and stabilized for 6 months before one was subjected to successive 3-month exposures to tcsd at sublethal concentrat ...200312957932
acute postoperative alcaligenes xylosoxidans endophthalmitis. 200312972784
effect of lysozyme on the cell structure of achromobacter fischeri. 195212999675
aerobic glucose dissimilation by achromobacter species. i. fate of the carbon substrate. 195213011154
aerobic glucose dissimilation by achromobacter species. ii. indications of intermediate pathways. 195213011155
the requirement of riboflavin phosphate for bacterial luminescence. 195313101761
factors affecting the luminescence of cell-free extracts of the luminous bacterium, achromobacter fischeri. 195313114872
[essay on the system of the genus achromobacter]. 195313124988
[comparative study of the genera moraxella, achromobacter and alcaligenes]. 195313148811
partial purification and properties of bacterial luciferin and luciferase. 195413152050
[new species and varieties of achromobacter isolated from marine environment]. 195413158938
[not available]. 195413160586
the influence of amino acids on fructose utilization in the luminous bacterium, achromobacter fischeri. 195413162998
denitrification of nitrite by a species of achromobacter. 195413165657
observations on effects of x-irradiation on achromobacter fischerii. 195413177660
suppression of certain viral lesions by a microbial product, xerosin, lacking in demonstrable antiviral properties and produced by achromobacter xerosis, n. sp. 195413183891
[studies on bacterial taxonomy. x. the revision of species under acromobacter group]. 195413197842
nutrition and metabolism of marine bacteria. i. survey of nutritional requirements. 195413221543
bacterial oxidation of arsenite. i. description of bacteria isolated from arsenical cattle-dipping fluids. 195413229843
factors controlling the occurrence of various bacteria in semi-preserved meats (achromobacter, pseudomonas, micrococcus, corynebacterium, lactobacilli). 195513259206
suppression of influenza viral pneumonia in mice by the non-specific action of xerosin. 195513271766
neuropathic effect of newcastle disease virus in mice and modification of host response by receptor destroying enzyme, viral interference, and xerosin. 195613295600
suppression and modification of virus-induced rous sarcoma in chicks by xerosin. 195613324148
the effect of increased pressures of oxygen upon the luminescence of achromobacter fischeri. 195613332031
suppressive activity of xerosin on allergic and other inflammatory reactions of the skin in guinea pigs. 195613346094
comparative effects of hydrocortisone, a derived pyridopyrimidine, and xerosin on pneumonia produced in mice by viral and bacterial toxin. 195613376503
flavin stimulation of methemoglobin reduction in cell-free bacterial extracts. 195613382846
bacterial denitrification in shaken cultures. 195613397511
nitrate reductase from achromobacter fischeri; purification and properties: function of flavines and cytochrome. 195713412117
decomposition of actinomycin by a soil organism. 195713467219
[classification of pseudomonadaceae]. 195713470460
quantum efficiency determinations on components of the bacterial luminescence system. 195713471559
some morphological and biochemical characteristics of a soil bacterium which decomposes 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. 195713472508
action of selected redox substances on bacterial bioluminescence. 195813495498
[nitrate-reducing achromobacter without action on carbohydrates & proteins]. 195813534019
[study of achromobacter desmolyticus isolated during the breeding of frogs]. 195813534078
a new nitrogen fixing bacterium from a danish watercourse. 195813534442
the influence of oxygen on the reduction of nitrite by washed suspensions of adapted cells of achromobacter liquefaciens. 195813536909
adaptive patterns in the bacterial oxidation of 2:4-dichloro- and 4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxyacetic acid. 195813549700
microbial degradation of nicotine. i. morphology and physiology of achromobacter nicotinophagum n. sp. 195813563387
effect of antibodies on the luminescence of achromobacter fischeri as a criterion of cellular penetration. 195813575820
studies on 4-keto-l-proline.the administration of ketoproline to chick embryos resulted in an increase in the free hydroxyproline. this phenomenon is explained by the inhibitory action of ketoproline on the catabolism of hydroxyproline as well as by the conversion of the former to the latter. ketoproline was found to be reduced to hydroxyproline by the supernatant fraction of rat-kidney homogenate in the presence of a reduced pyridine nucleotide.195913615324
nitrogen fixation by achromobacter spp. 195913628092
[study of a strain of achromobacter; achromobacter stereotropis]. 195913650298
[non-pigmented pseudomonas and achromobacter]. 196113689484
[the sensitivity to antibio otics of pseudomonas, achromobacter and "b5w-bacterium anitratum"]. 196113692107
taxonomic relationships among the pseudomonads.colwell, r. r. (university of washington, seattle), and j. liston. taxonomic relationships among the pseudomonads. j. bacteriol. 82:1-14. 1961.-an electronic computer technique, utilizing the adansonian principle that every feature should have equal weight, was applied in an effort to derive a taxonomy of the pseudomonas-achromobacter group of gram-negative, asporogenous, rodlike bacteria. the validity of the general method was tested by an analysis of 40 well defined strains, principally derive ...196113694873
[human achromobacter infections]. 196013696928
[current problems of the identification of pseudomonas, achromobacter and analogous bacteria]. 196113696931
achromobacter septicemia-fatalities in prematures. i. clinical and epidemiological study. 196113700522
physiology of nitrogen fixation by a species of achromobacter. 196113706264
proteus, pseudomonas and achromobacter septicemias as complications of chronic infection in anatomically predisposed urinary tracts. 196113726980
bacterium anitratum (acinetobacter anitratum) isolated from a case with cerebral abscess and purulent meningitis. 196113731079
[study of some pseudomonadaceae isolated from marine environment in new caledonia]. 196113734027
benzalkonium chloride-source of hospital infection with gram-negative bacteria. 196113760236
effect of incubation temperature on biochemical tests in the genera pseudomonas and achromobacter. 196013792633
studies on a soil achromobacter which degrades 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. 196013798498
[isolation of an urease-positive acinetobacter group in man]. 195913820423
fulminating and fatal pneumonia and septicaemia due to achromobacter antitratus. 196013826519
[studies on the formation of volatile acids by microorganisms from the family of achromobacter. pseudomonas and chromobacterium by means of paper chromatography]. 195913851129
four cases of human infection with achromobacter anitratus.four cases of human infection with achromobacter anitratus, one of which was fatal, are described. they all occurred at one hospital within a period of two months. the bacteriology, antibiotic sensitivity, and pathogenicity of the organisms are discussed. one of the strains was found to differ from the other three.196113862850
alpha-ketoglutarate reductase from achromobacter. 196113867429
[on the biochemical function of biotin. iv. the biosynthesis of biotin]. 196313930373
[multiple myocardial abscess caused by acinetobacter lwoffi]. 196213933173
[bacterium anitratum as the pathogen of postoperative infection of the central nervous system]. 196313935180
intermediates in the bioluminescent oxidation of reduced flavin mononucleotide. 196313960925
an induction-like effect of acetate on the synthesis of isocitrate lyase. 196213974915
the purification of nitrate reductase of achromobacter fischeri. 196313975963
repression of staphylococcus aureus by food bacteria. i. effect of environmental factors on inhibition.the effects of environmental factors on the inhibition of an enterotoxin-producing strain of staphylococcus aureus by food bacteria were investigated. type of medium and temperature of incubation were important factors in determining the amount of inhibition. the ph range of maximal inhibition was found to be 7.4 to 6.2. availability of oxygen was not a factor. as the ratios of inhibitor to staphylococcus were increased from 1:1 to 10:1 and 100:1, the amount of inhibition was markedly increased. ...196313994250
repression of staphylococcus aureus by food bacteria. ii. causes of inhibition.two food bacteria, serratia marcescens and pseudomonas sp. cs-1, inhibited an enterotoxigenic strain of staphylococcus aureus, apparently by out-competing it for nutrients. five others, bacillus cereus, proteus vulgaris, escherichia coli h-52, aerobacter aerogenes, and achromobacter sp., inhibited by means of antibiotic substances which were seitz-filterable, dialyzable, and stable at 90 c for 10 min. inhibition was not caused by changes in ph, oxidation-reduction potential, or production of per ...196313994251
crystalline l-aspartate 4-carboxy-lyase. 196314001020
[on the subject of the classification of pseudomonas and achromobacter]. 195814017425
[bacterial flora in unboiled human milk]. 196214033538
bacterial oxidation of dipicolinic acid. ii. identification of alpha-ketoglutaric acid and 3-hydroxydipicolinic acid and some properties of cell-free extracts.kobayashi, yasuo (university of tokyo, tokyo, japan) and kei arima. bacterial oxidation of dipicolinic acid. ii. identification of alpha-ketoglutaric acid and 3-hydroxydipicolinic acid and some properties of cell-free extracts. j. bacteriol. 84:765-771. 1962-when a dipicolinic acid (dpa)-decomposing bacterium, achromobacter strain 1-2, was incubated at 30 c with shaking in a dpa solution containing 10(-3)m arsenite, a keto acid was accumulated. the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of this acid was syn ...196214033954
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