Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| operational competency development in e and f grade nursing staff: preparation for management. | there is limited literature for operational management competency development in e and f grade nursing staff. these grades of nursing staff have to take over from g grade nurses ward managers on a regular basis. with human resources doing less of the operational management and taking more of an advisory role, nursing staff are now required to deal with disciplinary procedures and other management issues in a more consistent manner. therefore, this development programme in a scottish primary care ... | 2006 | 16787473 |
| prevalence of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in cervical adenocarcinoma and its precursors in scottish patients. | our aim was to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16 and 18 in cervical adenocarcinoma (and its precursors) in scottish patients. nucleic acid was extracted from paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissues. we examined 119 cases of invasive adenocarcinoma, 20 cases of adenocarcinoma in situ, and 16 cases of normal glandular epithelium. hpv dna was detected by polymerase chain reaction using type-specific primers for the e6 and e7 genes of hpv-16 and hpv-18 with conformati ... | 2006 | 16803480 |
| a crisis of governance? | contemporary legislative and constitutional developments in the united kingdom for public health. this article explores these implications. | 2007 | 16870992 |
| pre-exposure rabies booster vaccinations: a literature review. | in europe, more attention is turning towards human infection with european bat lyssaviruses (eblvs). following the death of a bat conservationist from eblv in scotland, in 2002, the department of health in the united kingdom (uk) recommended that all bat workers receive prophylactic rabies vaccination. this systematic literature review aims to review the evidence base for current uk policy on rabies booster vaccination. ten papers met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. most of the papers ... | 2006 | 16878478 |
| eblv-2 prevalence in the united kingdom as determined by surveillance testing. | five cases of eblv-2 have been detected in the uk since 1996, with all wildlife cases in the daubenton's bat: one on the south coast in sussex in 1996, one in lancashire in 2002, another in 2003, one in surrey in 2004 and a human fatality in angus, scotland, in 2002. as a result of the human case, a seroprevalence study, aimed primarily at the daubenton's bat was conducted in 2003 in scotland and at some sites in england. in scotland, 198 daubenton's, 20 natterer's and 6 pipistrelles were caught ... | 2006 | 16878484 |
| maternal and biochemical predictors of spontaneous preterm birth among nulliparous women: a systematic analysis in relation to the degree of prematurity. | nulliparous women are at increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth. other maternal and biochemical risk factors have also been described. however, it is unclear whether these associations are strong enough to offer clinically useful prediction. it is also unclear whether the predictive power of these factors varies in relation to the degree of prematurity. | 2006 | 16882673 |
| glutathione s-transferase m1 and p1 genotype, passive smoking, and peak expiratory flow in asthma. | our purpose with this work was to assess the contribution of glutathione s-transferase gene variants to asthma susceptibility and pulmonary function in relation to tobacco smoke exposure in the home. | 2006 | 16882827 |
| using human error theory to explore the supply of non-prescription medicines from community pharmacies. | the importance of theory in underpinning interventions to promote effective professional practice is gaining recognition. the medical research council framework for complex interventions has assisted in promoting awareness and adoption of theory into study design. human error theory has previously been used by high risk industries but its relevance to healthcare settings and patient safety requires further investigation. this study used this theory as a framework to explore non-prescription medi ... | 2006 | 16885248 |
| correlation between clinical severity in patients with rett syndrome with a p.r168x or p.t158m mecp2 mutation, and the direction and degree of skewing of x-chromosome inactivation. | rett syndrome (rtt) is an x-linked dominant neurodevelopmental disorder that is usually associated with mutations in the mecp2 gene. the most common mutations in the gene are p.r168x and p.t158m. the influence of x-chromosome inactivation (xci) on clinical severity in patients with rtt with these mutations was investigated, taking into account the extent and direction of skewing. | 2007 | 16905679 |
| estimating human inbreeding coefficients: comparison of genealogical and marker heterozygosity approaches. | we have used genealogies and genomic polymorphisms to estimate individual inbreeding coefficients (f) in 50 subjects with an expected range (based on recent genealogies) of f from 0.0 to 0.0625. the estimates were based on two approaches, using genotypes respectively from 410 microsatellite markers (410-str panel) and from 10,000 snps (10k-snp panel). the latter was performed in a sub-sample of 15 individuals. we concluded that for both marker panels measures of inbreeding based on the excess of ... | 2006 | 16907711 |
| the impact on histopathology practice of new human tissue legislation in the uk. | the undisclosed or unauthorized retention of tissue from autopsies in the uk and elsewhere has caused considerable public concern and much distress to some families. histopathologists involved in these cases have also been discomfited. these events have exposed deficiencies in prevailing legislation, principally in the human tissue act 1961 and the coroners rules 1984. new human tissue legislation comes into force in the uk in september 2006. the human tissue act 2004 and the human tissue (scotl ... | 2006 | 16918968 |
| escherichia coli o157: burger bug or environmental pathogen? | the three main pathways of escherichia coli o157 infection are foodborne, environmental (including direct contact with animals and their faeces and contaminated water supplies) or person to person contact. the disease is often nicknamed the 'burger bug' but it appears that environmental risk factors may be more important. in this study we use four techniques (outbreak analysis, case-control studies, disease mapping and quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra)) to determine whether burgers o ... | 2006 | 16934897 |
| association of neuregulin 1 with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in a second cohort from the scottish population. | neuregulin 1 (nrg1) is a strong candidate for involvement in the aetiology of schizophrenia. a haplotype, initially identified as showing association in the icelandic and scottish populations, has shown a consistent effect size in multiple european populations. additionally, nrg1 has been implicated in susceptibility to bipolar disorder. in this first study to select markers systematically on the basis of linkage disequilibrium across the entire nrg1 gene, we used haplotype-tagging single-nucleo ... | 2007 | 16940976 |
| detection of htlv-i and -ii in scottish blood donor samples and archive donations. | positive samples identified during routine serological screening for hcv (hepatitis c virus), hbv (hepatitis b virus) and hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) are confirmed by nucleic acid testing in the snbts (scottish national blood transfusion service) pcr reference laboratory. serological screening for htlv-i (human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i) and -ii was implemented in scotland in november 2002, at which time a pcr assay was not available for confirmation. our aim was to develop a real- ... | 2006 | 16958835 |
| probable human anthrax death in scotland. | 2006 | 16966782 | |
| the medium of signs: nominalism, language and the philosophy of mind in the early thought of dugald stewart. | in 1792 dugald stewart published elements of the philosophy of the human mind. in its section on abstraction he declared himself to be a nominalist. although a few scholars have made brief reference to this position, no sustained attention has been given to the central role that it played within stewart's early philosophy of mind. it is therefore the purpose of this essay to unpack stewart's nominalism and the intellectual context that fostered it. in the first three sections i aver that his nom ... | 2006 | 16980184 |
| bodies at the edinburgh festival. | 2006 | 17007723 | |
| scottish scientists hope to supply human stem cells at low cost in 2007. | 2006 | 17023455 | |
| analysis of a scottish founder effect narrows the tapvr-1 gene interval to chromosome 4q12. | 2006 | 17036341 | |
| significant developments in stem cell research. conclusion. | 2005 | 17048372 | |
| herd-level risk factors associated with the presence of phage type 21/28 e. coli o157 on scottish cattle farms. | e. coli o157 is a bacterial pathogen that is shed by cattle and can cause severe disease in humans. phage type (pt) 21/28 is a subtype of e. coli o157 that is found across scotland and is associated with particularly severe human morbidity. | 2006 | 17140453 |
| renal function and cognition in the 1932 scottish mental survey lothian cohort. | 2007 | 17255090 | |
| life-course influences on health in british adults: effects of socio-economic position in childhood and adulthood. | little evidence exists on the role of socio-economic position (sep) in early life on adult disease other than for cardiovascular mortality; data is often retrospective. we assess whether childhood sep influences disease risk in mid-life, separately from the effect of adult position, and establish how associations vary across multiple measures of disease risk. | 2007 | 17255345 |
| contribution of the nod1/card4 insertion/deletion polymorphism +32656 to inflammatory bowel disease in northern europe. | nod1/card4 and nod2/card15 are both intracellular pattern-recognition receptors. the nod1/card4 gene lies within a previously described inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) locus (7p14). an association has been suggested between the nod1/card4+32656 deletion*1 variant of a complex deletion*1/insertion*2 polymorphism and ibd in 1 recent study in europe. our aim was to assess the influence of nod1/card4+32656 on disease susceptibility and phenotype in the scottish and swedish ibd populations. | 2007 | 17285593 |
| the contribution of the dlg5 113a variant in early-onset inflammatory bowel disease. | to assess the contribution of the 113 g-->a missense mutation within the discs, large homolog 5 (dlg5) gene in childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) in scotland. | 2007 | 17307543 |
| community children's nursing services in wales: will the nsf make a difference? | the 2006 edition of the rcn community children's nursing directory lists 239 services--16 of which are based in wales, 12 in northern ireland, two in the channel islands, one in the isle of man, 23 in scotland and 185 in england. this listing highlights the continued development and expansion of services across the uk, as well as the further developments that are needed to ensure equity of provision in many areas. the lack of uk or national strategies means that services continue to be developed ... | 2007 | 17326553 |
| il23r arg381gln is associated with childhood onset inflammatory bowel disease in scotland. | 2007 | 17337463 | |
| h5n1 influenza questionnaire: are scottish emergency departments ready to isolate and treat a possible index case? | h5n1 has emerged as a highly pathogenic strain of avian flu. cases of bird-to-human transmission have occurred and raised concerns that human-to-human transmission may be possible. therefore, it is vitally important to isolate any index case arising from bird-to-human transmission. questionnaires were sent out to emergency departments throughout scotland seeking information on the availability of facilities and supplies necessary to treat and prevent onward infection from a suspected index case ... | 2007 | 17384384 |
| host-shaped segregation of the cryptosporidium parvum multilocus genotype repertoire. | cattle are among the major reservoirs of cryptosporidium parvum in nature. however, the relative contribution of c. parvum oocysts originating from cattle to human disease burden is difficult to assess, as various transmission pathways -- including the human to human route -- can co-occur. in this study, multilocus genotype richness of representative samples of human and bovine c. parvum are compared statistically using analytical rarefaction and non-parametric taxonomic richness estimators. res ... | 2008 | 17394677 |
| the dental caries experience of 5-year-old children in great britain (2005/6). surveys co-ordinated by the british association for the study of community dentistry. | this paper reports the results of standardized clinical caries examinations of 5-year-old children from across england, wales and scotland in 2005/6. these co-ordinated surveys are the latest in a series which seek to monitor the dental health of children and to assess the delivery of dental services. | 2007 | 17405473 |
| the pde4b gene confers sex-specific protection against schizophrenia. | phosphodiesterase 4b (pde4b) is a candidate gene for schizophrenia and affective disorders through its disruption by a chromosomal translocation in an individual with schizophrenia, its inhibition by the antidepressant rolipram, and its physical interaction with another key candidate, disrupted in schizophrenia (disc1). | 2007 | 17417055 |
| a differential paradox: the controversy surrounding the scottish mental surveys of intelligence and family size. | in 1947, the scottish council for research in education and the population investigation committee conducted a survey of scottish schoolchildren, exploring the relations between tested intelligence and fertility. the survey was not only significant for its size, measuring the iq of all 11-year-olds at school on the day of testing, some 80,805 children, but also because it was a repeat survey. its purpose was to establish whether the intelligence of the population had declined because of the nega ... | 2007 | 17421031 |
| il23r variation determines susceptibility but not disease phenotype in inflammatory bowel disease. | identification of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) susceptibility genes is key to understanding pathogenic mechanisms. recently, the north american ibd genetics consortium provided compelling evidence for an association between ileal crohn's disease (cd) and the il23r gene using genome-wide association scanning. external replication is a priority, both to confirm this finding in other populations and to validate this new technique. we tested for association between il23r and ibd in a large indep ... | 2007 | 17484863 |
| genetic diversity and population size: island populations of the common shrew, sorex araneus. | populations of many species are currently being fragmented and reduced by human interactions. these processes will tend to reduce genetic diversity within populations and reduce individual heterozygosities because of genetic drift, inbreeding and reduced migration. conservation biologists need to know the effect of population size on genetic diversity, as this is likely to influence a population's ability to persist. island populations represent an ideal natural experiment with which to study th ... | 2007 | 17498228 |
| a comparison of the mouse bioassay with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the detection of lipophilic toxins in shellfish from scottish waters. | some lipophilic shellfish toxins (lsts) can cause human illness due to eating shellfish that have become naturally contaminated following filter feeding on toxin producing algae. a mouse bioassay (mba) is widely used to detect lsts in regulatory monitoring of shellfish. however, the mba is imprecise giving only a positive or negative result and is prone to interference from other compounds. in this study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms) was compared to the mba, with the aim of su ... | 2007 | 17499325 |
| life-threatening human metapneumovirus infections in west of scotland. | 2007 | 17512777 | |
| sir john charnley (1911-1982): inspiration to future generations of orthopaedic surgeons. | for young doctors embarking on a career in medicine, the decision on which path to take is often influenced by their experiences as an undergraduate student and, in particular, by those doctors and teachers who have stimulated and encouraged them. likewise, inspiration can be derived from studying the life and work of eminent practitioners of the past. a final year elective module provided me with the opportunity to undertake a detailed critique of an aspect of the history of medicine of my choo ... | 2007 | 17536642 |
| 'crook' pipettes: embryonic emigrations from agriculture to reproductive biomedicine. | while cloning, stem cells, and regenerative medicine are often imagined in a futurial idiom--as expectations, hype, hope and promises--this article approaches the remaking of genealogy in such contexts from a historical route. through a series of somewhat disparate historical connections linking australian sheep to the development of clinical ivf and the cloning of dolly at the roslin institute in scotland in 1996, this article explores the linkages through which agriculture, embryology, and rep ... | 2007 | 17543836 |
| developing disaster management modules: a collaborative approach. | disasters, whether natural or human induced, can strike when least expected. the events of 9/11 in the us, the 7/7 bombings in the uk, and the anthrax incident in the us on 10th october 2001 indicate that there is a need to have a nursing workforce who is able to respond effectively to mass casualty events and incidents involving chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear substances. multi-agency collaboration is one of the fundamental principles of disaster preparedness and response. it was ... | 2007 | 17551443 |
| eponymous doctors associated with edinburgh, part 3--abraham colles, sir william ferguson, john s haldane, argyll robertson, thomas young. | in the first papers in this series, it was shown that eponyms were often bestowed on physicians and surgeons who were already famous, had made many discoveries never honoured with eponyms, and were often the leading doctors of their day. only occasionally was the eponym suggested by a friend or colleague; more usually it was a doctor abroad who wanted to show respect to a great man but the choice of the particular syndrome or discovery was a random one. eponyms may have had their uses. they were ... | 2007 | 17575738 |
| benefits of a blood donation archive repository: international survey of donor repository procedures and scottish experiences. | the use of a donation sample archive has been in place within the scottish national blood transfusion service for almost 35 years but the advent of human immunodeficiency virus donor testing led to this archive being kept for an indefinite period. this article describes the uses made of our archive repository. | 2007 | 17581151 |
| mutations in the ap1s2 gene encoding the sigma 2 subunit of the adaptor protein 1 complex are associated with syndromic x-linked mental retardation with hydrocephalus and calcifications in basal ganglia. | fried syndrome, first described in 1972, is a rare x-linked mental retardation that has been mapped by linkage to xp22. clinical characteristics include mental retardation, mild facial dysmorphism, calcifications of basal ganglia and hydrocephalus. a large four-generation family in which the affected males have striking clinical features of fried syndrome were investigated for linkage to x-chromosome markers; the results showed that the gene for this condition lies within the interval dxs7109-dx ... | 2007 | 17617514 |
| outbreak of legionnaires' disease in west fife: review of environmental guidelines needed. | the objectives of this study were to investigate the source of and outbreak of legionnaires' disease in west fife in 2004; to control the spread of legionella from this source; and to make recommendations for future practice based on the findings from the investigation. | 2008 | 17663011 |
| public awareness that hpv is a risk factor for cervical cancer. | we assessed awareness of human papillomavirus (hpv) in a population sample of british women (n=1620) using similar questions to those in a survey in 2002. only 2.5% cited hpv as the cause of cervical cancer without prompting; up from 0.9% in 2002. public education about hpv is urgently needed. | 2007 | 17687335 |
| quantification of human pharmaceuticals in water samples by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. | an improved analytical method for determination of human pharmaceuticals in natural and wastewaters with ng l(-1) sensitivity is presented. the method is applicable to pharmaceuticals from a wide range of therapeutic classes including antibiotics, analgesics, anti-inflammatories and anti-cancer compounds. pharmaceuticals were extracted from waters using solid-phase extraction, and after concentration, analysed by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection (hp ... | 2007 | 17693311 |
| tissue banking in a regulated environment--does this help the patient? part 1--legislation, regulation and ethics in the uk. | the difficulties with 'retained organs' in the uk have resulted in a new legislation relating to human organs, tissues, and bodies - the human tissue act 2004 and the human tissue act scotland 2006 are now in place. the new laws apply to a wide range of activities including transplantation, education, clinical audit, the practice of autopsies, anatomical examination and others, including the use of human tissues in research. pathobiology research that uses human tissues is now undertaken in a re ... | 2007 | 17709963 |
| a high frequency of the mthfr 677c>t polymorphism in scottish women with epilepsy: possible role in pathogenesis. | the inheritance of most forms of epilepsy is usually considered to be multifactorial, although a number of single gene causes are known. most previous studies of epilepsy genetics have implicated ion channel genes or ligand receptors. in a previous study of children with adverse effects of prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs, we noted an increased frequency of the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (mthfr) 677c>t polymorphism in the mothers. to investigate this further, a new cohort of wo ... | 2008 | 17904392 |
| [association study of an (ac)n dinucleotide repeat and schizophrenia in asian and european populations]. | linkage studies have suggested that chromosome 15q13-q14 may harbor a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia. in the current study, the association between a (ac)n dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at d15s118 and schizophrenia was investigated using three independent samples from the han chinese population and the scotland population. in the population-based study, a significant difference was found between the allele frequency distributions in schizophrenia patients and control subjects in the s ... | 2007 | 17905710 |
| developments in influenza vaccination coverage in england, scotland and wales covering five consecutive seasons from 2001 to 2006. | this study aims at assessing trends in influenza vaccination coverage from 2001 to 2006 in great britain, at understanding drivers and barriers to vaccination and at identifying vaccination intentions for influenza season 2006/2007. in seasons 2001/2002 to 2005/2006, telephone-based household surveys representative of the population from age 16 were conducted, with about 2000 interviews per season (10,095 in total). overall influenza vaccination coverage rate in great britain reached 25.9% in se ... | 2007 | 17942197 |
| tissue and organ donation for research in forensic pathology: the mrc sudden death brain and tissue bank. | novel methodological approaches to the investigation of brain and non-central nervous system disorders have led to increased demand for well-characterized, high quality human tissue samples, particularly from control cases. in the setting of the new human tissue legislation, we sought to determine whether relatives who have been suddenly bereaved are willing to grant authorization for research use of post mortem tissue samples and organs in sufficient numbers to support the establishment of a br ... | 2007 | 17990279 |
| sir robert christison (1797-1882): the man, his times, and his contributions to nephrology. | sir robert christison was a professor of medicine in edinburgh for 50 years, and twice president of the royal college of physicians there. despite this, few modern descriptions and assessments of either him or his work have been published. in particular, his major work in the field of renal disease, which allows him to be considered one of the fathers of nephrology, has been almost completely forgotten, even in scotland. in this paper, christison and his work in renal disease are described, tryi ... | 2007 | 17993085 |
| behavioral genetics. evidence linking disc1 gene to mental illness builds. | 2007 | 18006721 | |
| classification of ambiguous mutations in dna mismatch repair genes identified in a population-based study of colorectal cancer. | identification of germline mutations in dna mismatch repair genes in colorectal cancer probands without an extensive family history can be problematic when ascribing relevance to cancer causation. we undertook a structured assessment of the disease-causing potential of sequence variants identified in a prospective, population-based study of 932 colorectal cancer patients, diagnosed at <55 years of age. patient samples were screened for germline mutations in mlh1, msh2, and msh6. of 110 carriers, ... | 2008 | 18033691 |
| can the high levels of human verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli o157 infection in rural areas of ne scotland be explained by consumption of contaminated meat? | to determine if contamination levels of escherichia coli o157 and generic e. coli in retail-minced meat products are greater in rural shops compared with urban shops in grampian, ne scotland. we also investigated whether meat from supermarkets and meat from local butcher shops had a similar bacteriological quality. | 2007 | 18045444 |
| has retail chicken played a role in the decline of human campylobacteriosis? | between 2001 and 2006, the incidence of human campylobacter infections decreased by 10 and 27% in scotland and the grampian region of scotland, respectively. contemporaneous collection and analyses of human and retail-chicken isolates from grampian were carried out over a 10-week period in 2001 and again in 2006 in order to determine whether the fall in the incidence of human infections was related to the retail-chicken exposure route. rates of carriage of campylobacter on chicken carcasses from ... | 2008 | 18065605 |
| seasonality, cohort-dependence and the development of immunity in a natural host-nematode system. | acquired immunity is known to be a key modulator of the dynamics of many helminth parasites in domestic and human host populations, but its relative importance in natural populations is more controversial. a detailed long-term dataset on the gastrointestinal nematode trichostrongylus retortaeformis in a wild population of european rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) shows clear evidence of seasonal acquired immunity in the age-structured infection profiles. by fitting a hierarchy of demographic infe ... | 2008 | 18077257 |
| the microbial status of natural waters in a protected wilderness area. | waters derived from remote 'wilderness' locations have been assumed to be largely free of bacterial contamination and thus such, near-pristine, protected catchments, unused for agriculture, have been first in the multiple line of protection (pristine catchment-long storage-treatment-disinfection) employed by the water industry. this assumption is challenged by a bacterial survey of the waters derived from the new cairngorm national park, scotland. over 480 spot samples were taken for 59 sites be ... | 2008 | 18082931 |
| autophagy gene atg16l1 influences susceptibility and disease location but not childhood-onset in crohn's disease in northern europe. | the rs2241880a/g variant of the atg16l1 gene has been associated with susceptibility to ileal crohn's disease (cd) in adults. our aim was to assess whether germline variation of atg16l1 acts as an independent determinant of susceptibility to childhood-onset cd in the high-incidence scottish population. | 2008 | 18088053 |
| spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 in scotland: frequency, neurological, neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric findings. | the objectives of this study were to: (i) establish whether the spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (sca 8) expansion is associated with ataxia in scotland; (ii) test the hypothesis that sca 8 is associated with neuropsychological impairment; and (iii) review neuroradiological findings in sca 8. | 2008 | 18095954 |
| detection and surveillance for animal trichinellosis in gb. | the zoonotic disease trichinellosis is considered one of the re-emerging diseases with surveillance and control methods constantly gaining more importance worldwide. recent change in european union (eu) legislation introduces trichinella-free production, and the possibility of risk-based monitoring for trichinella in pigs. this has increased the role of wildlife surveillance programmes and their impact on protecting human health as well as highlighted the need for harmonised surveillance protoco ... | 2008 | 18160221 |
| brominated and chlorinated dioxins, pcbs and brominated flame retardants in scottish shellfish: methodology, occurrence and human dietary exposure. | the most commonly consumed shellfish species produced in scotland - mussels, oysters and scallops - were investigated for the occurrence of a range of brominated and chlorinated contaminants in order to establish current levels and estimate human dietary exposure. flesh from individual sub-samples was representatively pooled and 35 composites were analysed for brominated and chlorinated dioxins (pbdd/fs, pcdd/fs), brominated and chlorinated biphenyls (pbbs, pcbs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers ... | 2008 | 18186102 |
| scottish psychoanalysis: a rational religion. | the ambition to rationally preserve a christian religious inheritance distinctively informs scottish psychoanalytic ideas. scottish psychoanalysis presents the human personality as born into communion with others. the aim of therapy is to restore, preserve, and promote genuinely interpersonal relations. the scottish psychoanalysis apparent in the work of w. r. d. fairbairn, ian suttie, hugh crichton-miller, and in the philosophy of john macmurray, is exported to new zealand, where it is promoted ... | 2008 | 18196544 |
| penalized loss functions for bayesian model comparison. | the deviance information criterion (dic) is widely used for bayesian model comparison, despite the lack of a clear theoretical foundation. dic is shown to be an approximation to a penalized loss function based on the deviance, with a penalty derived from a cross-validation argument. this approximation is valid only when the effective number of parameters in the model is much smaller than the number of independent observations. in disease mapping, a typical application of dic, this assumption doe ... | 2008 | 18209015 |
| human and animal infections with mycobacterium microti, scotland. | during 1994-2005, we isolated mycobacterium microti from 5 animals and 4 humans. only 1 person was immunocompromised. spoligotyping showed 3 patterns: vole type, llama type, and a new variant llama type. | 2007 | 18258049 |
| landscape features affect gene flow of scottish highland red deer (cervus elaphus). | landscape features have been shown to strongly influence dispersal and, consequently, the genetic population structure of organisms. studies quantifying the effect of landscape features on gene flow of large mammals with high dispersal capabilities are rare and have mainly been focused at large geographical scales. in this study, we assessed the influence of several natural and human-made landscape features on red deer gene flow in the scottish highlands by analysing 695 individuals for 21 micro ... | 2008 | 18261043 |
| tooth loss and mortality patterns. | 2008 | 18276821 | |
| association of genetic variants at 8q24 with breast cancer risk. | recent whole genome association studies of prostate, breast, and colorectal cancer have identified susceptibility loci on 8q24. we genotyped three variants associated with prostate cancer (rs10090154, rs13254738, and rs7000448), one associated with both prostate and colorectal cancer (rs6983267), and one associated with breast cancer (rs13281615) in a series of 1,499 breast cancer cases and 1,390 controls. 1,267 (85%) of the cases had two primary breast cancers. our analysis provides further evi ... | 2008 | 18349290 |
| online corrections in children with and without dcd. | human arm movements need 'online' corrections due to noise in perception and action. a step-perturbation paradigm explored online corrections in control children and children with dcd aged between 7 and 13 years. control children found the task straightforward: a distracter had no effect and they managed to stop relatively quickly. children with dcd found the task difficult and the apparatus was modified accordingly (decreased postural and force production demands). the distracter affected some ... | 2008 | 18367278 |
| estimates of daily net endogenous acid production in the elderly uk population: analysis of the national diet and nutrition survey (ndns) of british adults aged 65 years and over. | dietary intake has been shown to influence acid-base balance in human subjects under tightly controlled conditions. however, the net effect of food groups on alkali/acid loading in population groups is unclear. the aims of the present study were to: (1) quantify estimates of daily net endogenous acid production (neap) (meq/d) in a representative group of british elderly aged 65 years and older; (2) compare and characterise neap by specific nutrients and food groups likely to influence dietary ac ... | 2008 | 18394215 |
| the eu optimal blood use project. | the eu optimal blood use project (euobup) is co-funded by the european commission and led by the scottish national blood transfusion service (snbts). its purpose is to develop, evaluate and disseminate a manual that provides practical guidance and support for those seeking to improve the safety of the clinical transfusion process and the effectiveness of the prescribing of blood components. we define the optimal use of blood components as the safe, clinically effective and efficient use of the s ... | 2008 | 18430601 |
| exploring scotland's influenza pandemic of 1918-19: lest we forget. | the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic resulted in more deaths than any other medical event in human history; the most recent scholarship puts the death toll worldwide at 100 million. scotland suffered a proportionate loss of life but it was little reported at the time and has been little studied by social historians since. the great war had been such a traumatic experience that the authorities, and the general public, could take no more tragic news and the result was an uncanny silence. there is litt ... | 2007 | 18447202 |
| clinicopathological presentation of cardiac disease in cattle and its impact on decision making. | the records of 116 cattle suffering from cardiac disease were examined retrospectively. on the basis of the results of postmortem examinations there were 52 cases of endocarditis, 39 of pericarditis and 25 congenital cardiac defects. the most useful clinical tool for differentiating between these conditions was auscultation of the heart. the cases of pericarditis were characterised by muffled heart sounds, and the cases of endocarditis and congenital cardiac defects were characterised by a cardi ... | 2008 | 18453376 |
| anthropometric cartography: constructing scottish racial identity in the early twentieth century. | 2001 | 18459237 | |
| [archie cochrane--the man behind evidence-based medicine. he died four years before the concept was coined]. | 2008 | 18522269 | |
| the effectiveness of national influenza vaccination policies for at-risk populations over 5 seasons in a scottish general practice. | to determine the effectiveness of serial influenza vaccination. | 2008 | 18524431 |
| quality in healthcare and the quest for improvement. | improvement in the quality of healthcare is desired by everyone. delivering this however, is hindered by lack of clear, widely embraced perceptions of what is encompassed within quality and how improvement can best be brought about. this paper, written from the viewpoint of a clinician now with a responsibility for this field in scotland, presents a multidimensional concept of quality, as encompassing effectiveness, safety, patient centeredness, timeliness, efficiency and equity. this approach a ... | 2008 | 18549060 |
| polymorphisms of the fto gene are associated with variation in energy intake, but not energy expenditure. | the fto gene has significant polymorphic variation associated with obesity, but its function is unknown. we screened a population of 150 whites (103f/47m) resident in ne scotland, united kingdom, for variants of the fto gene and linked these to phenotypic variation in their energy expenditure (basal metabolic rate (bmr) and maximal oxygen consumption vo(2)max) and energy intake. there was no significant association between the fto genotype and bmr or vo(2)max. the fto genotype was significantly ... | 2008 | 18551109 |
| postmortem tissue donation for research: a positive opportunity? | previous research using human brain tissue has increased the understanding of many brain disorders, such as alzheimer's disease and creutzfeldt jakob disease. however, there are other conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, which remain poorly understood and which require further investigation. the ongoing decline in the consented postmortem rate poses a threat to tissue collections and, consequently, future research. in the setting of the new human tissue legislation the authors set out to asce ... | 2008 | 18563005 |
| detailed assessment of nod2/card15 exonic variation in inflammatory bowel disease in scotland: implications for disease pathogenesis. | the high incidence of scottish crohn's disease (cd) is not explained by the common three nod2/card15 variants. we aimed to identify population-specific nod2/card15 coding variants. a total of 1478 (320 inflammatory bowel disease patients <16 years, 343 adult cd patients, 542 parents and 273 controls). all nod2/card15 exons were sequenced in 24 cd patients. sequencing identified 18 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) including 4 non-synonymous coding snps altering the structure of the leucine- ... | 2008 | 18563169 |
| psychiatric genetics: the brains of the family. | 2008 | 18615056 | |
| a link between lunar phase and medically unexplained stroke symptoms: an unearthly influence? | lunar effects on human behaviour and health have been postulated for centuries; associations between phase of the moon and both vascular and psychiatric disease have been reported. we hypothesised that admission with medically unexplained stroke symptoms would be influenced by lunar cycle. | 2008 | 18655857 |
| distribution and host range of the microsporidian pleistophora mulleri. | microsporidia of the genus pleistophora are important parasites of fish and crustacea. pleistophora mulleri has been described previously as a parasite of the gammarid amphipod crustacean gammarus duebeni celticus in irish freshwater habitats. through a survey of european g. duebeni populations, p. mulleri was found to be widely distributed in the western british isles (wales, scotland, and the isle of man), and populations of the subspecies gammarus duebeni duebeni as well as g. d. celticus wer ... | 2008 | 18681850 |
| us and scottish health professionals attitudes toward dna biobanking. | the authors used a fifteen item survey to canvass 200 health care professionals in the united states and scotland about their attitudes toward the potential utility of a dna biobank. results indicate a broadly favorable opinion in both locations. this finding seems to support further development of such a tool. | 2007 | 18694125 |
| cercarial dermatitis in the uk. | 'swimmer's itch' or cercarial dermatitis (cd) results from an immunological reaction to free-swimming non-human schistosome parasites released from aquatic snails. affected bathers develop a self-limiting, pruritic, macular or papular eruption shortly after leaving the water. the condition is well-recognized in continental europe, asia and america, but has not to date been recorded in the uk. | 2009 | 18699837 |
| surgical scrubbing: can we clean up our carbon footprints by washing our hands? | a growing scientific consensus states that the global climate is changing and that human activity is responsible for these changes. it follows that each of us has a responsibility to look at how our own lives impact on the environment. this study aimed to investigate water use during surgical scrubbing. two water delivery systems were assessed to see whether technological innovation can promote more 'environmentally friendly' scrubbing behaviour. at least 10 different individuals, comprising sur ... | 2008 | 18701193 |
| of mice and (viking?) men: phylogeography of british and irish house mice. | the west european subspecies of house mouse (mus musculus domesticus) has gained much of its current widespread distribution through commensalism with humans. this means that the phylogeography of m. m. domesticus should reflect patterns of human movements. we studied restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and dna sequence variations in mouse mitochondrial (mt) dna throughout the british isles (328 mice from 105 localities, including previously published data). there is a major mtdna li ... | 2009 | 18826939 |
| mdm2 snp309 is associated with high grade node positive breast tumours and is in linkage disequilibrium with a novel mdm2 intron 1 polymorphism. | a functional polymorphism within mdm2, snp309 t>g, has been linked to early onset cancer. this study examined clinical associations of breast cancer with snp309 in a scottish caucasian population and investigated additional mdm2 intron 1 polymorphisms. | 2008 | 18828900 |
| packed with salmonella--investigation of an international outbreak of salmonella senftenberg infection linked to contamination of prepacked basil in 2007. | salmonella senftenberg is uncommon in the united kingdom. in january-june 2007, the health protection agency reported on 55 primary human cases of salmonella senftenberg in england and wales. in may 2007, fresh basil sold in the united kingdom was found to be contaminated with salmonella senftenberg. we launched an investigation to elucidate the cause of this outbreak. isolates were examined using plasmid profiling and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the outbreak strain (ssftxb.0014) was i ... | 2008 | 18851676 |
| outcome of patients from the west of scotland traveling to pakistan for living donor kidney transplants. | the aim of this study was to analyze the 3-year outcome of patients traveling from the west of scotland to pakistan for living donor kidney transplant. baseline data and outcomes of 18 consecutive recipients who traveled to pakistan between 2000 and 2007 and returned for follow-up at the regional transplant unit in the west of scotland were retrieved from the electronic patient record. mean follow-up was 775 days. no patients died. two kidneys failed at 12 and 1400 days, respectively. the incide ... | 2008 | 18946355 |
| psychological models of mental disorder, human rights, and compulsory mental health care in the community. | recent amendments to the 1983 mental health act in the uk (mental health act 2007) include the controversial provision for: "supervised treatment in the community for suitable patients following an initial period of detention and treatment in hospital". this provision is widespread, and more formal, in other english-speaking jurisdictions. reviews of the international literature, human rights considerations and the perspective of psychological approaches to mental health care suggest that propos ... | 2008 | 18954904 |
| strategies for improving human health in contaminated situations: a review of past, present and possible future approaches. | strategies for improving human health in contaminated situations have traditionally been based on restricting emissions, remedial reduction of exposure and, where appropriate and possible, medical reconnaissance of efficacy. we review these and the broader aspects of general public health approaches, including necessary understanding of epidemiology and the wider social context, before considering a specific local case study involving health issues associated with chromium-contaminated land and ... | 2009 | 18958399 |
| oxidative stress, telomere length and biomarkers of physical aging in a cohort aged 79 years from the 1932 scottish mental survey. | telomere shortening is a biomarker of cellular senescence and is associated with a wide range of age-related disease. oxidative stress is also associated with physiological aging and several age-related diseases. non-human studies suggest that variants in oxidative stress genes may contribute to both telomere shortening and biological aging. we sought to test whether oxidative stress-related gene polymorphisms contribute to variance in both telomere length and physical biomarkers of aging in hum ... | 2008 | 18977241 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of scottish highland red deer (cervus elaphus) populations: a mitochondrial survey. | the largest population of red deer (cervus elaphus) in europe is found in scotland. however, human impacts through hunting and introduction of foreign deer stock have disturbed the population's genetics to an unknown extent. in this study, we analysed mitochondrial control region sequences of 625 individuals to assess signatures of human and natural historical influence on the genetic diversity and population structure of red deer in the scottish highlands. genetic diversity was high with 74 hap ... | 2009 | 19002206 |
| campylobacter immunity and coinfection following a large outbreak in a farming community. | an outbreak of campylobacteriosis affected approximately one-half of 165 people attending an annual farmers' dance in montrose, scotland, in november 2005. epidemiological investigations, including a cohort study (n = 164), identified chicken liver paté as the most likely vehicle of infection. paté preparation involved deliberate undercooking of chicken livers by flash-frying, followed by mechanical homogenization. typing of 32 campylobacter strains (isolated from submitted stools) by multilocus ... | 2009 | 19005146 |
| accumulation of elements (s, as, br, sr, cd, hg, pb) in two populations of cancer pagurus: ecological implications to human consumption. | the brown crab cancer pagurus is highly appreciated in southern european countries and edible tissues are consumed separately or as mixtures. this species is mostly harvested along the scottish coast and english channel and has different market prices depending on the catching area and sex. the aim of this study was to quantify and characterize the contents of s, as, br, sr, cd, hg and pb in muscle, hepatopancreas, gonads and gills of female and male crabs from both catching areas. additionally, ... | 2009 | 19010376 |
| a population-based record linkage study of mortality in hepatitis c-diagnosed persons with or without hiv coinfection in scotland. | infection with the hepatitis c virus (hcv) is known to increase the risk of death from severe liver disease and, because hcv status is strongly associated with a history of injecting drug use, the effect of a key disease progression cofactor, infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), is of interest. we examined all-cause, liver-related and drug-related mortality and excess risk of death from these causes in a large cohort of hcv-monoinfected and hiv-coinfected persons in scotland. the s ... | 2009 | 19036907 |
| a threonine to isoleucine missense mutation in the pericentriolar material 1 gene is strongly associated with schizophrenia. | markers at the pericentriolar material 1 gene (pcm1) have shown genetic association with schizophrenia in both a university college london (ucl) and a usa-based case-control sample. in this paper we report a statistically significant replication of the pcm1 association in a large scottish case-control sample from aberdeen. resequencing of the genomic dna from research volunteers who had inherited haplotypes associated with schizophrenia showed a threonine to isoleucine missense mutation in exon ... | 2010 | 19048012 |
| analysis of germline gli1 variation implicates hedgehog signalling in the regulation of intestinal inflammatory pathways. | ulcerative colitis (uc) and crohn's disease (cd) are polygenic chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd) of high prevalence that are associated with considerable morbidity. the hedgehog (hh) signalling pathway, which includes the transcription factor glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (gli1), plays vital roles in gastrointestinal tract development, homeostasis, and malignancy. we identified a germline variation in gli1 (within the ibd2 linkage region, 12q13) in patients with ibd. since this ib ... | 2008 | 19071955 |
| variation in the dysbindin gene and normal cognitive function in three independent population samples. | the association between dtnbp1 genotype and cognitive abilities was investigated in three population samples (1054 scottish, 1806 australian and 745 english) of varying age. there was evidence in each of the cohorts for association (p < 0.05) to single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and haplotypes previously shown to relate to cognition. by comparison with previous findings, these associations included measures of memory, and there was at best equivocal evidence of association with general cogn ... | 2009 | 19077176 |
| human immunodeficiency virus 1 subtypes detected in scottish blood donors. | the aim of our study was to determine human immunodeficiency virus 1 subtypes in scottish blood donors. we were able to document virus subtypes present in this population over a period of 19 years and examine associated risk factors where available. subtype b was found to be the predominant cause of human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection in scottish blood donors with subtype c increasing in this population after 2002. non-b subtypes were found mainly in heterosexuals but also in all other risk ... | 2009 | 19152609 |