Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| human rabies--california, 1994. | in january 1994, a 44-year-old california man died from a bat-associated strain of rabies; he had had no known animal bite or other rabies exposure. rabies was not clinically suspected nor confirmed until 1 month after his death. this report summarizes the case investigation. | 1994 | 8208235 |
| are hiv-infected injection drug users taking hiv tests? | knowledge of infection is essential for human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (hiv-1) treatment initiation and epidemic control. this study evaluates infection knowledge among infected injection drug users and acceptance of confidential testing among injection drug users, particularly those infected with hiv-1. | 1993 | 8214230 |
| hiv infection in the women's jail, orange county, california, 1985 through 1991. | the incidence and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection among injection drug users, prostitutes, and other women seeking confidential testing in the orange county women's jail were assessed from 1985 to 1991. a total of 4616 voluntary tests were completed on 3051 women, and 865 women were tested repeatedly. eighty-two women tested positively, a ratio of 1.8 positives per 100 tests or 2.7% of all persons tested. cumulative hiv prevalence increased from 2.5% to 2.7% between 19 ... | 1993 | 8214238 |
| chromosome 11q13 amplification in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. | to establish the frequency and clinicopathologic correlates of 11q13 amplification in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. | 1993 | 8217084 |
| initial cross-sectional results from the orinda longitudinal study of myopia. | although investigations of human refractive error development and normal ocular growth have been conducted for the last 50 years, no previous study of refractive error and the ocular components has measured all the ocular components. | 1993 | 8233371 |
| educating school nurses to care for hiv-infected children in school. | effects of an educational program on school nurses' knowledge and attitudes about human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in children and changes in practice was investigated. participants (n = 205) attended a one-day workshop held at 11 sites in new jersey. content was clinically focused and derived from a needs assessment of a sample of school nurses throughout new jersey. an adult education format was used, with interactive and affective teaching strategies modeled on the aids training p ... | 1993 | 8246463 |
| risk assessments in the pesticide regulatory process. | the risk assessment process offers regulators, registrants, public interest groups and users a means of weighing apparent health effects of pesticides and other chemicals, and measuring their safety for use. this report contains the method for developing relative measures of safety for acute toxicity and expressions of risk for chronic toxicity and assesses-human exposure under a variety of extreme scenarios. since workplace exposures usually exceed environmental exposures by two or more orders ... | 1993 | 8250475 |
| serotypes of salmonella isolated from california turkey flocks and their environment in 1984-89 and comparison with human isolates. | serotypes of salmonella from turkeys and their environment identified at the california veterinary diagnostic laboratory system (cvdls) between 1984 and 1989 are reported. between 1988 and 1989, salmonella serotypes from turkeys were compared from two sources: from routine submissions to the cvdls (primarily associated with the national poultry improvement plan), and from a random sample of turkey farms conducted by the national animal health monitoring system (nahms). serotype isolation frequen ... | 1993 | 8257361 |
| supporting ethnic and cultural diversity in nursing staff. | especially in california, there is a growing need to match the ethnic and cultural profiles of nurses and patients. two bay area healthcare programs pooled financial and human resources to develop long-range strategies aimed at increasing the number of minority graduate nurses. included were a work-study program, a russian immigrant nurse training program and a scholarship program for minority students. a cultural diversity enhancement committee is very active and various educational offerings h ... | 1994 | 8278129 |
| another shakeup at lbl genome center. | 1994 | 8290951 | |
| ethics in gynecologic surgical innovation. | j. marion sims' efforts in surgically curing vesicovaginal fistula are retold. the controversy surrounding his surgical innovation on black slaves is discussed in the context of the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, and justice. the relevance of his story to modern surgical innovation in incontinence surgery is emphasized in a discussion of the pereyra, gittes, and paravaginal procedures. a call is made to establish a gynecologic ethic to ensure that patients' rights are respected in ... | 1994 | 8296808 |
| human rabies--texas and california, 1993. | during november 1993, two persons, a resident of texas and a visitor to california, died from rabies. this report summarizes epidemiologic and clinical information about these cases. | 1994 | 8302264 |
| a meta-evaluation of nutrition education intervention research among pregnant women. | inadequate nutrition during pregnancy retards human fetal growth and increases the risk of delivering a low birthweight (lbw) infant. some studies place particular emphasis on reducing lbw through improved nutrition. consensus documents have strongly recommended intense nutrition education programs for patients at risk. despite this well-defined need few methodologically rigorous studies have been conducted to evaluate the behavioral impact of nutrition education for pregnant patients. criteria ... | 1993 | 8307758 |
| findings from the horizontes acquired immune deficiency syndrome education project: the impact of indigenous outreach workers as change agents for injection drug users. | a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) intervention using indigenous outreach workers was implemented with hispanic injection drug users (idus) and their sexual partners in three locations: laredo, texas; san diego, california; and san juan, puerto rico. a total of 2,169 subjects were contacted, given health education, hiv antibody testing, and follow-up counseling. this article reports on the 1,616 idus (75%) who completed the initial and follow-up inter ... | 1993 | 8307770 |
| distribution and molecular analysis of lyme disease spirochetes, borrelia burgdorferi, isolated from ticks throughout california. | previous studies describing the occurrence and molecular characteristics of lyme disease spirochetes, borrelia burgdorferi, from california have been restricted primarily to isolates obtained from the north coastal region of this large and ecologically diverse state. our objective was to look for and examine b. burdorferi organisms isolated from ixodes pacificus ticks collected from numerous regions spanning most parts of california where this tick is found. thirty-one isolates of b. burgdorferi ... | 1993 | 8308101 |
| diel oviposition periodicity of anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from the americas: anopheles albimanus wieldemann and anopheles freeborni aitken. | the diel oviposition patterns of anopheles albimanus and an. freeborni derived from panama and california, u.s.a., respectively, were studied in the laboratory by recording the egg-laying of individuals and colonies at 2-h intervals. anopheles freeborni oviposition patterns were almost exclusively nocturnal, with 80% of eggs being laid during the scotophase. a large, well-defined peak of oviposition, comprising about 70% of eggs laid, occurred 4-6 h before sunrise. anopheles albimanus ovipositio ... | 1993 | 8311576 |
| factors associated with multiple sex partners among junior high school students. | twenty-one percent of a sample of inner-city junior high school students were found to be sexually active (n = 403). only 31% of them reported a single lifetime sexual partner, 25% reported two partners, and 43% reported three or more partners. logistic regression analysis evaluated the influence of demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors on the adolescents' lifetime number of sex partners. respondents whose sexual debut occurred before age 13 years were nine times more likely to repor ... | 1993 | 8323931 |
| comparison of aids knowledge and hiv-related sexual risk behaviors among adolescents in low and high aids prevalence communities. | data were collected from students attending high school in a rural, low acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) prevalence community in northern california, and compared with students in an inner-city aids epicenter (san francisco). the findings demonstrate that rural adolescents have higher levels of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) knowledge, especially about risk-reduction strategies. however, rural adolescents also report higher rates of hiv-related sexual risk behaviors. rural adolescen ... | 1993 | 8323936 |
| self-reported sexually transmitted diseases among family planning clients: ethnic differences in sexual risk behavior and hiv risk reduction. | the relationship between sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has been established. little is known, however, about the relationship between being infected with an std and initiating hiv risk-reduction behavior. we interviewed 267 young women who were family planning clients of the san francisco bay-area planned parenthood clinics, of whom 40% were white, 37% african american, and 23% women of other ethnic origins. fifty-three percent of the women ... | 1993 | 8324496 |
| hiv knowledge, communication, and risk behaviors among white, chinese-, and filipino-american adolescents in a high-prevalence aids epicenter: a comparative analysis. | we conducted a comparative analysis of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) knowledge, communication, and risk behaviors among 1272 white, chinese-, and filipino-american 10th and 11th graders in san francisco, california, a high-prevalence aids epicenter. we performed principal components analysis on an epidemiologic survey instrument, and we identified five factors: hiv prevention knowledge, sexual behavior risk index, drug use risk index, hiv misconceptions, and communication about hiv. white s ... | 1993 | 8324499 |
| pitfalls inherent in retrospective time-to-event studies: the example of time to pregnancy. | retrospective studies of time from initiation of risk (for example, transfusion of hiv-infected blood) to the occurrence of an endpoint of interest are useful in epidemiology. one example is studies of time to pregnancy, which have evaluated exposures that may affect human fertility. one can reconstruct the non-contracepting interval required for each woman's most recent pregnancy and then treat the data as if the couples had been studied prospectively. as we illustrate, however, failure-time mo ... | 1993 | 8327803 |
| emergency department response to domestic violence--california, 1992. | a 1993 national poll found that 34% of adults in the united states report having witnessed a man beating his wife or girlfriend and that 14% of women report that a husband or boyfriend has been violent with them (1). studies suggest that as many as 30% of women treated in emergency departments (eds) have injuries or symptoms related to physical abuse (2). a national health objective for the year 2000 is for at least 90% of hospital eds to have protocols for routinely identifying, treating, and r ... | 1993 | 8341235 |
| human t-lymphotropic virus type i seroprevalence among japanese americans. | the epidemiology of human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) infection is not well defined in japanese americans. this impairs using approaches that could reduce viral transmission and monitor carriers for the disease. using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and p21e recombinant western blot testing, htlv-i antibody was measured in unlinked samples from japanese-american patients at 4 physicians' offices in san francisco, california. of 442 patients, 4 (0.9%; 95% confidence interval 0.25%, 2.3 ... | 1993 | 8342263 |
| crack cocaine use and high-risk behaviors among sexually active black adolescents. | the recent spread of crack cocaine use among inner-city teenagers has been accompanied by dramatic increases in juvenile delinquency and sexually transmitted diseases (stds) among teenagers. this study examined the prevalence of five factors which promote stds, including human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), among a sample of sexually active black adolescent crack users and non-users from the san francisco bay area. significant differences were observed between these groups with respect to history ... | 1993 | 8347641 |
| development of an integrated case management program for vulnerable children. | although case management is a recognized technique to organize and coordinate human services, its use with high-risk children is relatively new. this article describes the development of a case management program for children at the center for the vulnerable child at children's hospital, oakland, california, a health care setting that brings together health, social work, and child welfare services. case management was introduced into multidisciplinary clinical programs for foster children, drug- ... | 1993 | 8348846 |
| seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus among family practice outpatients. | because the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is extremely heterogeneous in its impact on various subpopulations, it is important to carry out hiv seroprevalence studies in different subpopulations using standardized techniques. the present study is the first to report seroprevalence rates of hiv in family medicine outpatient populations. | 1993 | 8352037 |
| exploring norms and beliefs related to aids prevention among california hispanic men. | a focus-group study gathered qualitative information from hispanic males in california regarding ethnic factors that might enhance or interfere with aids prevention efforts. a predominantly working-class convenience sample of 75 men aged 18-40 participated in seven groups of 10-12 participants each. three groups were composed of single men, three of married men and one was composed of homosexual and bisexual men. four groups included only participants born outside the united states; and spanish ... | 1993 | 8354375 |
| mouse pathogenicity studies of nocardia asteroides complex species and clinical correlation with human isolates. | nocardia asteroides complex organisms derived from human specimens between 1979 and 1992 were identified to the species level. of 117 n. asteroides complex organisms, 34 (29%) were n. farcinica, 28 (24%) were n. nova, and 55 (47%) were n. asteroides sensu stricto. an analysis of the specimen sites from which the organisms were derived showed that isolates derived from blood, brain, or bone marrow were more likely to be n. farcinica than the other two species. a study of the virulence of ten stra ... | 1993 | 8354460 |
| a unique haplotype of the apolipoprotein b-100 allele associated with familial defective apolipoprotein b-100 in a chinese man discovered during a study of the prevalence of this disorder. | the prevalence of familial defective apolipoprotein (apo) b-100 (fdb) was determined by sampling 5,160 volunteer subjects from among 14,058 eligible employees of a bank in california. the sample was ethnically diverse (44.6% of the population was non-caucasian). the prevalence of fdb in the study population was 0.08% with a 90% confidence interval of 0.01-0.14%. four subjects were found to have the apob 3500 codon mutation by mutagenic polymerase chain reaction, which creates an mspi site at the ... | 1993 | 8371062 |
| duty, truth, and whole human beings. | 1993 | 8407294 | |
| outbreaks of salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis--california, 1993. | foodborne infections cause an estimated 6.5 million cases of human illness and 9000 deaths annually in the united states. salmonella is the most commonly reported cause of foodborne outbreaks, accounting for 28% of such outbreaks of known etiology and 45% of outbreak-associated cases during 1973-1987. during 1985-1992, state and territorial health departments reported 437 salmonella enteritidis (se) outbreaks (table 1), which accounted for 15,162 cases of illness, 1734 hospitalizations, and 53 d ... | 1993 | 8413165 |
| hhs honors nurses on world aids day. | 1993 | 8422125 | |
| ectopic pregnancy in the united states: economic consequences and payment source trends. | to estimate the annual direct and indirect costs of ectopic pregnancy in the united states and to examine trends in payment source. | 1993 | 8423966 |
| mycobacterium bovis infections in san diego: a clinicoepidemiologic study of 73 patients and a historical review of a forgotten pathogen. | we have presented 73 patients (48 adults and 25 children) with microbiologically documented m. bovis infections identified over the 12-year period from 1980 through 1991. epidemiologic investigation of these patients revealed that the majority (80%) were of hispanic origin. the non-hispanic patients either had traveled extensively outside the united states, were born in the united states during its endemic period or in other countries with endemic bovine tuberculosis, or were exposed to a close ... | 1993 | 8426535 |
| fleas (siphonaptera) infesting giant kangaroo rats (dipodomys ingens) on the elkhorn and carrizo plains, san luis obispo county, california. | the giant kangaroo rat, dipodomys ingens (merriam), has a limited distribution in the san joaquin valley, ca. because of reductions in its geographic range, largely resulting from humans, the species was listed as an endangered species in 1980 by the california fish and game commission. as part of a study of the community ecology of southern california endangered species, including d. ingens, we were able to make flea collections from the rats when they were trapped and marked for population stu ... | 1993 | 8433341 |
| prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in a sample of immigrants in the united states. | editor's note: years ago, experts predicted that the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome would spread to every part of the world and every part of society. the articles by studemeister and kent and calonge and co-workers(*) that follow are further evidence that this is happening. these and other articles we will publish in the next few months confirm our worst fears and challenge all of us to continue engaging in basic, applied, and behavioral research and to continue providing the very best care ... | 1993 | 8434465 |
| a suburban focus of endemic typhus in los angeles county: association with seropositive domestic cats and opossums. | thirty-three cases of locally acquired murine typhus were reported in los angeles county residents from may 1984 through february 1988. only eight cases were reported over the previous 20-year period. thirty (91%) cases resided within a suburban area encompassing approximately 50 km2 in northcentral los angeles or had contact with an animal from this area. serologic testing (complement fixation and indirect fluorescent antibody) of selected animals in close association with human cases revealed ... | 1993 | 8447530 |
| determination of human t lymphotropic virus type by polymerase chain reaction and correlation with risk factors in northern california blood donors. | to determine the relative prevalence of human t lymphotropic virus (htlv) types i and ii, type-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was done on seropositive northern california blood donors. from october 1988 through march 1990, 67 (0.055%) of 122,517 blood donors had confirmed htlv antibody. seropositive donors were more likely to be middle-aged, female, and nonwhite than the overall donor base. pcr of samples from 30 htlv-seropositive donors yielded 19 (63%) with htlv-ii and 9 (30%) with h ... | 1993 | 8450261 |
| hiv-1 seroprevalence among women attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in california. california family of surveys and sentinel surveillance consortia. | to evaluate the distribution of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) epidemic among california women, we analyzed hiv-1 seroprevalence and risk factors among women attending sexually transmitted disease (std) clinics in 21 local health jurisdictions. using standardized protocols developed by the centers for disease control, we tested unlinked serum specimens from women attending participating std clinics in 1989. we analyzed demographic characteristics, hiv risk exposure groups, and r ... | 1993 | 8470383 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type-1 antibody in 6703 institutionalized mentally retarded clients: an unlinked serosurvey at seven california developmental centers. | all clients residing in seven california developmental centers were tested for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv) antibody in an unlinked serosurvey. of 6703 clients, 11 (0.16%) were found positive for hiv-1 antibody by confirmatory western blot and immunofluorescent antibody tests. universal blood and body fluid precautions should be rigorously enforced to prevent institutional spread of hiv even in this low-risk population. | 1993 | 8471315 |
| health practices and disability: some evidence from alameda county. | with greater longevity people are increasingly concerned about how to avoid disability during their longer lives. policy decisions concerning ways to extend health as well as life have become part of the nation's health agenda. opportunity to examine that issue has arisen in the alameda county human population laboratory. earlier studies there established seven health practices as risk factors for higher mortality: excessive alcohol consumption, smoking cigarettes, being obese, sleeping fewer or ... | 1993 | 8475014 |
| property rights and payment to patients for cell lines derived from human tissues: an economic analysis. | the increasing potential for commercial applications in biotechnology has given rise to new legal and ethical questions with regard to ownership of human tissue. as the potential value of human cells and tissue has risen, so have donors' calls for a share in the profits. however, in a recent california ruling (john moore vs the regents of the university of california), the court once again held to its traditional position that individuals do not hold property rights in their own tissue and cells ... | 1993 | 8475423 |
| pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection in a low seroprevalence area. | although increasing information is available regarding human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infections of children in high seroprevalence areas, few data are available describing trends in low seroprevalence populations. in san diego county approximately 1 in 1450 live births are to women infected with hiv as identified by nonlinked heel stick testing. seventy-seven hiv-infected children were identified and followed in our clinics during the period 1983 to 1991, of whom 32 (42%) were infected peri ... | 1993 | 8483625 |
| epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection among homosexual men participating in hepatitis b vaccine trials in amsterdam, new york city, and san francisco, 1978-1990. | homosexual/bisexual men from amsterdam, the netherlands, new york, new york, and san francisco, california, were entered into trials of the efficacy of hepatitis b vaccine shortly before the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic was recognized (1978-1980). the authors analyzed data, including serial blood samples tested for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) as well as demographic and behavioral information, to characterize the spread of hiv-1 infection within t ... | 1993 | 8484382 |
| aquatic biomonitoring of reclaimed water for potable use: the san diego health effects study. | highly treated reclaimed wastewater was evaluated as a possible supplement to raw water sources required to meet san diego's growing need for potable water. biomonitoring experiments employing fathead minnows (pimephales promelas) were used to compare reclaimed water with the city's current raw water supply. juvenile fish were exposed in flow-through aquaria in field laboratories located at the reclamation plant (aqua ii) and at a municipal potable water treatment facility (miramar). biomonitori ... | 1993 | 8492326 |
| the pedestrian trauma patient. perspectives from a psychiatric consultation service. | the hospital course of adult pedestrians injured by automobiles and treated by a university trauma service over a 12-month period was reviewed to evaluate the prevalence, recognition, and intervention of substance use and suicidal behavior. the study showed that the pedestrian trauma patient had a dramatically high rate of substance use and a surprisingly low index of suspicion of suicide attempt by the treatment team as a cause of the accident. appropriate intervention might greatly reduce the ... | 1993 | 8493303 |
| risks of human immunodeficiency virus infection among adolescents attending three diverse clinics. | this study was performed to identify specific high-risk behaviors, such as unprotected oral, anal, and vaginal intercourse and substance abuse, associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection among adolescents attending three diverse clinics located in a localized geographic area: a university-based clinic, a planned parenthood clinic, and an inner-city public health clinic (phc). six hundred seventy-one female and 207 male adolescents attending one of the three clinics completed a struct ... | 1993 | 8496769 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis applied for comparing listeria monocytogenes strains involved in outbreaks. | recent food-borne outbreaks of human listeriosis as well as numerous sporadic cases have been mainly caused by listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b strains. thus, it was of interest to find out whether a certain clone or a certain few clones were responsible for these cases and especially for outbreaks. we used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of large chromosomal dna restriction fragments generated by apai, smai, or noti to analyse 75 l. monocytogenes strains isolated during six major and eight sm ... | 1993 | 8500010 |
| hiv infection as leading cause of death among young adults in us cities and states. | to describe the extent to which human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has become the leading cause of death among young adults (25 to 44 years of age) in us states and cities of at least 100,000 population. | 1993 | 8501840 |
| human resources. not whistling while they work. | 1995 | 8528328 | |
| animal organs for human patients? | 1995 | 8530269 | |
| respiratory cancer and other chronic disease mortality among silicotics in california. | silicotics have increased mortality from tuberculosis (tb) and from nonmalignant respiratory diseases (nmrd), including silicosis and silicotuberculosis. since the publication of the international agency for research on cancer monograph in 1987 indicating that silica was a probable human carcinogen, there has been an extensive debate about the cancer risks among silicotics. the authors identified 590 claims for silicosis among a registry of lung diseases compiled from california workers' compens ... | 1995 | 8533788 |
| international unity conference. | 1995 | 8536171 | |
| role of zidovudine antiretroviral therapy in the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphoma. | the role of zidovudine and other antiretroviral agents in the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related lymphomas has been somewhat controversial. in an attempt to elucidate the precise role of antiretroviral agents in the subsequent development of aids-related lymphoma, we performed a population-based, case-control study of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositive patients with intermediate- or high-grade lymphoma in los angeles county, california, in which inform ... | 1995 | 8541552 |
| health effects of outdoor air pollution. committee of the environmental and occupational health assembly of the american thoracic society. | particles, sox, and acid aerosols are a complex group of distinct pollutants that have common sources and usually covary in concentration. during the past two decades, the chemical characteristics and the geographic distribution of sulfur oxide and particulate pollution have been altered by control strategies, specifically taller stacks for power plants, put in place in response to air pollution regulations adopted in the early 1970s. while the increasing stack heights have lowered local ambient ... | 1996 | 8542133 |
| infections associated with bartonella species in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | two members of the genus bartonella, bartonella quintana (formerly rochalimaea quintana) and bartonella henselae (formerly rochalimaea henselae), have recently been recognized as agents of severe or fatal disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the development of infection with b. henselae in hiv-infected individuals has been associated with traumatic contact with cats (scratches or bites), and domestic cats have been identified as a major reservoir for this organis ... | 1995 | 8547519 |
| physician satisfaction with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis b virus testing in san diego county. | physician satisfaction with the laboratory testing process is one indicator of the physician's perception of the quality of laboratory testing and the effectiveness of the communication of the laboratory results. this study compares the level of satisfaction of physicians reporting their experience with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) testing with the satisfaction levels of those physicians reporting their experience with hepatitis b virus (hbv) testing. by mail, 6,570 licensed san d ... | 1996 | 8551808 |
| fetal viability as a threshold to personhood. a legal analysis. | this essay opens with an examination of us laws concerning fetal viability as they apply to induced abortion, to a mother's right to refuse medical treatment necessary to save the life of a fetus, and to the rights to file suit for the wrongful death of unborn children. the history of abortion policies in the us is traced from the common law period of the early 19th century to the restrictive post-civil war laws and the decisions of the supreme court in roe vs. wade, which upheld the constituti ... | 1995 | 8568420 |
| occupational exposure to hepatitis b virus and human immunodeficiency virus: a comparative risk analysis. | health care workers have expressed concern regarding the risk of infection from patients with aids. much less attention is given to the possibility of exposure to patients infected with the hepatitis b virus. this article reviews the data on the probability of exposure to hiv or hepatitis b and subsequent seroconversion, as well as the mortality and morbidity rates associated with both viruses. a decision-analytic analysis of the occupational risk for hiv and hepatitis b is also presented. this ... | 1995 | 8585639 |
| 'fraud police' face dilemma over warning medical boards. | 1996 | 8596620 | |
| human rabies--california, 1995. | in september and november 1995, two men in california died from infection with bat-associated variants of rabies virus. this report summarizes the investigations of these cases. | 1996 | 8604213 |
| semen analyses in 1,283 men from the united states over a 25-year period: no decline in quality. | to determine whether semen quality has changed in the united states over the last 25 years. | 1996 | 8612826 |
| seasonal variation in human illumination exposure at two different latitudes. | the authors measured ambient illumination exposure in healthy volunteers in san diego, california (latitude 32 degrees 43' n, n = 30), and rochester, minnesota (latitude 44 degrees 1' n, n = 24), during each of the four quarters of the year, which were centered on the solstices and equinoxes. subjects wore photosensors on their wrists and lapels (or foreheads while in bed) 24 h per day for an average of 5-6 days per quarter. the maximum of the two illumination readings was stored each minute. an ... | 1995 | 8639941 |
| risk assessment of carcinogens in food with special consideration of non-genotoxic carcinogens. scientific arguments for use of risk assessment and for changing the delaney clause specifically. | the document "risk assessment of carcinogens in food with special consideration of non-genotoxic carcinogens" was produced by the international federation of societies of toxicologic pathologists on the occasion of its triannual meeting in tours, france, april 23-26, 1995. subsequently, it was endorsed by the north american society of toxicologic pathologists at its annual meeting in san diego, ca, usa, june 11-15, 1995. this document was written to address up-to-date risk assessment of carcinog ... | 1996 | 8672879 |
| physician attitudes toward human immunodeficiency virus testing in pregnancy. | our purpose was to determine physician attitudes regarding voluntary versus mandatory status of human immunodeficiency virus testing in pregnant women. | 1996 | 8678136 |
| aids-related experiences of primary care physicians in rural california, 1995. | a telephone survey was conducted of primary care physicians in nonmetropolitan counties of california. in a random sample of those counties reporting fewer than 30 cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) as of december 1994, all physicians in practice were called; in counties reporting from 31 to 150 cases of aids as of the same date, a 30% random sample was selected for interviewing. completion rates were 82% in the smallest counties and 70% in the larger counties (overall 72%). ... | 1996 | 8686298 |
| unrecognized hiv-1 infection in inner-city hospital emergency department patients. | to determine the prevalence of unrecognized human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 infections in patients presenting to an inner-city hospital emergency department, medical records were reviewed from 1,945 patients diagnosed with diseases not related to hiv or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the overall seroprevalence was 2.1% (40): 1.8% (11) in nontrauma versus 3.0% (29) in trauma patients. the highest prevalence was found in black, male, uninsured patients. | 1996 | 8708358 |
| risk factors for hiv-related orofacial soft-tissue manifestations in children. | a retrospective review of the medical records of 492 children perinatally exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) compared the prevalence of orofacial soft-tissue manifestations in hiv-infected and noninfected children, identified risk factors for occurrence of orofacial lesions in hiv-infected children, and investigated specific orofacial lesions as indicators of progression of hiv disease. application of eligibility criteria and the centers for disease control classification of pedia ... | 1996 | 8710713 |
| the other side of the coin: growing up with a learning disability. | this study is a narrative analysis of the life history of dale, a 25-year-old man with a learning disability who received sensory integrative treatment in early childhood. the analysis revealed that dale's self likely developed through occupational engagement with three interconnected themes: "my mother said" and "parental tricks"; "adrenaline surges" and "hell-raising"; and work, "deal making," and self-construction. these themes depict dale's self-construction, character development, occupatio ... | 1996 | 8712247 |
| human t-lymphotropic virus type ii seroprevalence among emergency department and clinic patients. | to determine the seroprevalence of human t-lymphotropic virus types i and ii (htlv-i and htlv-ii) among emergency department and clinic patients at a san francisco, california, hospital, consecutive patients from 4 outpatient settings-emergency department, medical clinic, antenatal clinic, and neighborhood health centers-were tested for antibody to 1 of the viruses using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot test. of 4,019 patients, 169 (4.2%) had antibody to htlv-i or -ii; the s ... | 1996 | 8764621 |
| a human case of monocytic ehrlichiosis with adult respiratory distress syndrome in northern california. | 1996 | 8764635 | |
| the effect of insurance status on use of recombinant erythropoietin therapy among end-stage renal disease patients in three states. | recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuepo) has been demonstrated to be effective in ameliorating anemia among persons with chronic renal failure, and is associated with improved functional status and quality of life. access to rhuepo has been examined by a variety of clinical, demographic, geographic, and facility characteristics. however, rhuepo utilization based on insurance status has not been previously examined. all medicare and medicaid prevalent end-stage renal disease (esrd) patients rece ... | 1996 | 8768919 |
| human immunodeficiency virus disease in california. effects of the 1993 expanded case definition of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | on january 1, 1993, the case definition of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in adults and adolescents used for monitoring the aids epidemic in california was expanded to include persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) with cd4 t-lymphocyte counts of less than 200 x 10(6) per liter (< 200 per mm3), pulmonary tuberculosis, recurrent pneumonia, or invasive cervical cancer. to assess the implications of this revision on aids case reporting in california, we compared ... | 1996 | 8775725 |
| risk of human exposure to vector ticks (acari: ixodidae) in a heavily used recreational area in northern california. | the risk of humans encountering vector ticks along hiking trails or in picnic grounds in a lyme disease-endemic area was evaluated in a multipurpose recreational area (tilden regional park) in the populous san francisco bay region of california. four hillside hiking trails (two high-use, two low-use) were sampled by dragging and walking through low vegetation biweekly for one year; four heavily used picnic areas were sampled concurrently by dragging. adults of three human-biting ticks were enume ... | 1996 | 8780455 |
| ethylene oxide exposure may increase the risk of spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, and postterm birth. | ethylene oxide is a gas used in some dental offices to sterilize equipment. in pregnant laboratory animals, ethylene oxide increases malformations and feral loss. increased gestation length has also been reported. in humans, two studies have reported increased spontaneous abortions among ethylene oxide-exposed women, but few other data exist. we sent questionnaires to 7,000 dental assistants, age 18-39 years, registered in california in 1987; 4,856 responded (69%). we based our analysis on 1,320 ... | 1996 | 8793361 |
| conferring a federal property right in genetic material: stepping into the future with the genetic privacy act. | 1996 | 8819598 | |
| nursing grand rounds. | therapeutic touch is an energy-based nursing intervention performed with the goals of restoring harmony and balance in the human energy field and helping the patient self-heal. this article discusses the process of therapeutic touch and describes case studies of ccu patients on whom therapeutic touch was used as part of the treatment plan. therapeutic touch was applied to help stabilize patients, calm agitated and intubated patients, and relieve pain. the experiences related had a calming effect ... | 1996 | 8820319 |
| the effects of ambient ozone on lung function in children: a reanalysis of six summer camp studies. | studies of children attending summer camps often have observed relationships between daily outdoor ozone (o3) concentrations and decreased lung function that are qualitatively similar to results seen in human chamber studies. the former studies, focusing on the pulmonary effects of o3 and associated pollutants on children under natural conditions of exposure, are potentially of great importance to understanding the public health impact of ambient o3. however, a thorough assessment of the results ... | 1996 | 8820584 |
| parvovirus b19 outbreak in a developmental center. | of 49 employees serving developmentally disabled persons, 13 (27%) were found to have parvovirus b19 infection on the basis of serum positivity for parvovirus b19 igm by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. two employees had severe peripheral symmetric polyarthropathy lasting longer than 6 months. infection control measures are described. | 1995 | 8821114 |
| youth suicide trends in california: an examination of immigrant and ethnic group risk. | although immigrants are in better health than the u.s.-born population according to a variety of indicators, little research has investigated current foreign-born/u.s.-born differentials in suicide. a review of 32,928 california death certificates from 1970 to 1992 indicates that although foreign-born persons are consistently underrepresented in the suicide deaths of 15- to 34-year-olds (risk ratio = 0.60), any foreign-versus u.s.-born difference by ethnicity appears to be decreasing. specifical ... | 1996 | 8840418 |
| mast 96. | the military anti-shock trouser, or mast suit, is a controversial device that has been used to support blood pressure in hypotensive trauma patients. most studies on humans have shown that the device has limited clinical utility. in this study, a telephone survey of all 50 state emergency medical services was conducted to determine the nature and extent of mast suit usage in the united states. the trend in mast suit usage in san diego county over the last 7 years was also analyzed. thirty (60%) ... | 2006 | 8842913 |
| holoprosencephaly: epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of a california population. | holoprosencephaly is a brain defect resulting from incomplete cleavage of the embryonic forebrain. it involves forebrain and facial malformations that can range from mild to severe. the epidemiology of holoprosencephaly is largely unknown. published prevalence estimates have been derived from clinic-based case series, and suggested risk factors for holoprosencephaly have been identified in case reports, without confirmation from systematically conducted population-based studies. using data from ... | 1996 | 8862623 |
| california encephalitis in alabama. | arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) infections in humans are primarily central nervous system infections, but other clinical manifestations include febrile illness and fever with hemorrhagic diathesis. in the genus bunyavirus there are several viruses that cause disease in humans, especially in north america; these include lacrosse, jamestown canyon, trivittatus, and snowshoe hare viruses. the disease seen mainly in children is california encephalitis (usually of the lacrosse subtype); this infect ... | 1996 | 8865793 |
| human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: report of a case in northern california. | 1996 | 8879806 | |
| california residential air exchange rates and residence volumes. | air exchange rate data from two residential indoor air quality studies are presented. in the first investigation, over 500 residences in southern california were sampled for three one-week periods from 1984 to 1985. those data provided seasonal information for a broad range of residential characteristics in a large metropolitan area. in the second study, a probability sample of nearly 300 residences were sampled for a two-day period during the winter of 1991-1992 throughout the state of californ ... | 1996 | 8889951 |
| it's my body and i'll die if i want to: a property-based argument in support of assisted suicide. | 1995 | 8907111 | |
| epidemic salmonella enteritidis infection in los angeles county, california. the predominance of phage type 4. | between april and july 1994, 501 cases of salmonella enteritidis infection were reported in los angeles county, california, nearly 5 times the number reported between april and july 1993; of these, 422 (84%) were sporadic (not related to known outbreaks). a case-control study was done to determine risk factors for sporadic illness; the distribution of s enteritidis phage types was evaluated. case-patients (n = 58) were county residents older than 1 year with culture-confirmed s enteritidis infec ... | 1996 | 8909164 |
| increased incidence of cancer among homosexual men, new york city and san francisco, 1978-1990. | several studies have shown that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) is associated with an increase in the incidence of kaposi's sarcoma and non-hodgkin's lymphoma among homosexual men. the role of hiv-1 in increasing the incidence of other malignancies is more controversial. the incidence of non-kaposi's sarcoma cancer was examined from 1978 to 1990 among 15,565 homosexual men who participated in studies of hepatitis b virus infection in the late 1970s in new york city, new york, and san ... | 1996 | 8916502 |
| dna-confirmed taenia solium cysticercosis in black bears (ursus americanus) from california. | three cases of cysticercosis in black bears (ursus americanus) in three northern california counties between 1990 and 1994 have been identified as due to the tapeworm taenia solium. both morphologic characteristics as well as the presence of t. solium mitochondria cytochrome oxidase i gene sequences, as detected by the polymerase chain reaction, confirmed the diagnosis. the number and geographic separation of the cases suggests that infection of the bears was not due to a single contamination. h ... | 1996 | 8916808 |
| analysis of diesel-exhaust unit-risk estimates derived from animal bioassays. | chronic inhalation of diesel exhaust (de) causes lung tumors in rats; epidemiologic studies suggest that de may be a potential human carcinogen. we compared the de unit risks for human lung cancer as derived by smith and stayner (1991), hattis and silver (1992), pepelko and chen (1993), california environmental protection agency, office of environmental health hazard assessment (1994), and the u.s. environmental protection agency (usepa) (1994). all five sets of authors used identical rat bioass ... | 1996 | 8921544 |
| the epidemiology of hodgkin's disease. | much of the epidemiological heterogeneity of hd incidence reflects the behaviour of the ns subtype, at least in the usa. incidence variation across races (except asians) and time periods is most marked in this subtype. in young adults with hd, there is compelling evidence for social class modification of risk consistent with an infectious aetiology; limited data suggest that this effect occurs within the ns subtype, but considerable evidence indicates that it does not primarily involve ebv infec ... | 1996 | 8922237 |
| evaluation of crystalline silica as a threshold carcinogen. | the office of scientific affairs within the california department of toxic substances control has reviewed the evidence on the carcinogenicity of crystalline silica. the authors consider the current evidence to be convincing to classify crystalline silica as a human carcinogen by the inhalation route. the weight of evidence for both rats and humans indicates that fibrotic and silicotic lesions in the lung result from inhalation exposure to crystalline silica and that lung cancer is secondary to ... | 1995 | 8929702 |
| cancer risk assessment for crystalline silica to implement california's hot spots act. | crystalline silica has been identified as a probable human carcinogen. to assess the potential for adverse health effects due to environmental exposures to respirable crystalline silica, a quantitative estimate of carcinogenicity has been made using incidence data from three studies in which long-term silica inhalation caused lung tumors in rats. the uncertainties in risk assessment in general and in the risk assessment for silica in particular are discussed. | 1995 | 8929703 |
| latex allergens in tire dust and airborne particles. | the prevalence and severity of latex allergy has increased dramatically in the last 15 years due to exposure to natural rubber products. although historically this health risk has been elevated in hospital personnel and patients, a recent survey has indicated a significant potential risk for the general population. to obtain a wide-spread source for latex exposure, we have considered tire debris. we have searched for the presence of latex allergens in passenger car and truck tire tread, in debri ... | 1996 | 8959407 |
| worldwide variations in sperm counts. | based on the premise that various human disease processes manifest differently depending on geography, we set out to determine whether sperm counts vary from different nations and different regions within the united states. | 1996 | 8973676 |
| human babesiosis and ehrlichioses--emerging tick-borne diseases. | 1996 | 8987430 | |
| dangerous and cancer-causing properties of products and chemicals in the oil-refining and petrochemical industry--part xxii: health hazards from exposure to gasoline containing methyl tertiary butyl ether: study of new jersey residents. | methyl tertiary butyl ether has caused the following cancers in rats and mice: kidney, testicular, liver, lymphomas, and leukemias. thus, in the absence of adequate data on humans, it is biologically plausible and prudent to regard methyl tertiary butyl ether-for which there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals-as a probable human carcinogen. this means that some humans are at extreme risk of contracting cancers resulting from their exposure to oxygenated gasoline co ... | 1996 | 8989842 |
| the oldest man ever? a case study of exceptional longevity. | this article summarizes recent findings in a case study of exceptional longevity. cm, a resident of san rafael, california, was 114 years old in august 1996. he is the first properly verified case of a 114-year-old man in human history (although a few women have been known to live longer). our investigation of cm continues as we attempt to gather additional information about his life, family history, and current condition. here, we consider only two aspects of this case: its authenticity and its ... | 1996 | 8990590 |
| risk factors for invasive cervical cancer in latino women. | most invasive cervical cancer research in the united states has been conducted on non-latino-white (nlw) and african-american women. incidence, mortality, stage at diagnosis and survival indicators for invasive cervical cancer in latino women in california are compared to nlw and african-american women. a model is presented which depicts structural, behavioral, genetic and biological risk factors for invasive cervical cancer. a literature review of risk factors and their association with invasiv ... | 1996 | 9001995 |
| highlights from the university of california san diego center for aids research. | 1997 | 9007196 |