Publications

collagen/chitosan film containing biotinylated glycol chitosan nanoparticles for localized drug delivery.	the objective of this study was to design a drug delivery system consisting of biotinylated cholesterol-modified glycol chitosan (bio-chgc) nanoparticles and fish collagen/chitosan (col/ch) film for localized chemotherapy. bio-chgc was synthesized, and then its self-assembled nanoparticles were prepared by probe sonication. doxorubicin (dox)-loaded bio-chgc (dbc) nanoparticles prepared by dialysis had spherical shape, and their sizes were in the range of 330-397 nm. col/ch/dbc nanoparticle films ...	2015	25784300
molecular characterization of shewanella and aeromonas isolates associated with spoilage of common carp (cyprinus carpio).	storage in ice is a common way of preserving commercial fish species but some microorganisms can still contaminate and participate in the spoilage of the product; therefore, identification of potential harmful microbes is important. thirteen colonies were isolated from common carp (cyprinus carpio) that had been stored in ice, whose phenotypic identification revealed that they belonged to the genera aeromonas (n = 5) and shewanella (n = 8). molecular genotyping with eric-pcr showed clonality onl ...	2015	25790506
biomass and abundance biases in european standard gillnet sampling.	the european standard en 14757 recommends gillnet mesh sizes that range from 5 to 55mm (knot-to-knot) for the standard monitoring of fish assemblages and suggests adding gillnets with larger mesh sizes if necessary. our research showed that the recommended range of mesh sizes did not provide a representative picture of fish sizes for larger species that commonly occur in continental europe. we developed a novel, large mesh gillnet which consists of mesh sizes 70, 90, 110 and 135mm (knot to knot, ...	2015	25793776
erratum to: anti-carp antibodies as promising marker to measure joint damage and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.		2015	25796173
a mathematical model of the carp heart ventricle during the cardiac cycle.	the poikilothermic heart has been suggested as a model for studying some of the mechanisms of early postnatal mammalian heart adaptations. we assessed morphological parameters of the carp heart (cyprinus carpio l.) with diastolic dimensions: heart radius (5.73mm), thickness of the compact (0.50mm) and spongy myocardium (4.34mm), in two conditions (systole, diastole): volume fraction of the compact myocardium (20.7% systole, 19.6% diastole), spongy myocardium (58.9% systole, 62.8% diastole), trab ...	2015	25797310
use of droplet digital pcr for estimation of fish abundance and biomass in environmental dna surveys.	an environmental dna (edna) analysis method has been recently developed to estimate the distribution of aquatic animals by quantifying the number of target dna copies with quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr). a new quantitative pcr technology, droplet digital pcr (ddpcr), partitions pcr reactions into thousands of droplets and detects the amplification in each droplet, thereby allowing direct quantification of target dna. we evaluated the quantification accuracy of qpcr and ddpcr to estimate speci ...	2015	25799582
development of a regulatory testing procedure to study the metabolism of pesticides in farmed fish.	diets used in commercial fish farming use significant proportions of crop-derived commodities, and it is important to understand the potential for transfer of any pesticide residues on the crop into edible tissues in fish. it is a current requirement in the eu that fish metabolism studies must be performed when a pesticide is used in crops where commodities or processed fractions are fed to farmed fish. fish metabolism studies in both rainbow trout and common carp have been carried out, followin ...	2016	25800530
maintaining economic value of ecosystem services whilst reducing environmental cost: a way to achieve freshwater restoration in china.	freshwater fisheries are central to food security in china and this remains one of the most important priorities for the growing human population. thus, combining ecosystem restoration with economics is pivotal in setting successful conservation in china. here, we have developed a practical management model that combines fishery improvement with conservation. for six years, a ban on fertilizer and a reduction of planktivorous fish stocking along with the introduction of both mandarin fish sinipe ...	2015	25803696
fat-associated lymphoid cluster in cyprinus carpio: characterisation and its relation with peritoneal haemangiosarcoma.	falc cells are natural helper cells producing th2-type cytokines, which express c-kit, sca-1, il7r and cd45 in mouse and human. these cells are involved in allergic responses and contribute to the inflammatory reactions of adipose tissue; however, a lack of information prevails about the presence of these cells in other species. the aim of the study was to identify and characterise falc cells in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) using immunohistochemistry and molecular biology techniques as well ...	2015	25804491
de novo assembly and characterization of the spleen transcriptome of common carp (cyprinus carpio) using illumina paired-end sequencing.	common carp (cyprinus carpio) is one of the most important aquacultured species of the family cyprinidae, and breeding this species for disease resistance is becoming more and more important. however, at the genome or transcriptome levels, study of the immunogenetics of disease resistance in the common carp is lacking. in this study, 60,316,906 and 75,200,328 paired-end clean reads were obtained from two cdna libraries of the common carp spleen by illumina paired-end sequencing technology. total ...	2015	25804493
genomic variation in the hybrids of white crucian carp and red crucian carp: evidence from ribosomal dna.	in this study, we conducted a cross of white crucian carp (♀)×red crucian carp (♂) (wr), and characterized the morphology, reproduction and genetics of the progeny. different from parents, wr with the gray color showed the hybrid morphological traits of both parents. wr possessed normal gonads producing mature eggs or sperm, and exhibited high fertilization rate (90.2%) and high hatchery rate (80.5%), which contributed to produce and enlarge the population. wr with the same dna content as parent ...	2015	25804929
development and evaluation of a database of dietary bioaccumulation test data for organic chemicals in fish.	dietary bioaccumulation tests for fish have been conducted for about 40 years. standardized test guidance has recently been developed. test metrics of primary scientific and regulatory interest are the whole body depuration rate constant (kt), whole body growth corrected depuration rate constant (ktg), and corresponding chemical half-lives (t1/2 and t1/2g), dietary chemical absorption efficiency (ae), and biomagnification factor (bmf). a database of 3032 measurement end points for 477 discrete o ...	2015	25821900
facile and eco-friendly synthesis of green fluorescent carbon nanodots for applications in bioimaging, patterning and staining.	we report a facile and eco-friendly strategy for the fabrication of green fluorescent carbon nanodots (cds), and demonstrate their applications for bio-imaging, patterning, and staining. a one-pot hydrothermal method using various plant petals yields bright green-emitting cds, providing an easy way for the production of green fluorescent cds without the need for a tedious synthetic methodology or the use of toxic/expensive solvents and starting materials. the as-prepared cds show small size dist ...	2015	25826612
[polychlorinated biphenyls and their methylsulfonyl metabolites in fish from an electronic waste recycling site in south china: tissue distribution and human dietary exposure].	in the present study, we determined polychlorinated biphenyls and their methylsulfonyl metabolites (meso2-pcbs) in the tissues of two fish species-mud carp and northern snakehead-from a natural pond in an electronic waste recycling site in the pearl river delta, southern china. the mean concentrations of pcbs (σ pcbs )varied from 560 to 10 462 ng x g(-1) wet weight, and from 580 to 50 492 ng x g(-1) wet weight in the tissues of mud carp and northern snakehead, respectively, with the highest leve ...	2014	25826938
development of an improved rt-pcr for specific detection of spring viraemia of carp virus.	spring viraemia of carp (svc) is a rhabdovirus infection, which has a significant economic impact in pond cultures of carp in europe and western independent states of the former soviet union. the causative agent of svc, spring viraemia of carp virus (svcv), has been divided into four subgroups, ia, ib, ic and id, on the basis of glycoprotein (g) protein gene sequences. in this study, a new primer set was designed from a g gene sequence of svcv to identify the four subtypes of svcv by reverse tra ...	2016	25832786
comparison of metal concentrations in the organs of two fish species from the zabol chahnimeh reservoirs, iran.	this study was conducted to measure the cd, pb, cu, zn, cr, co, ni, and fe concentrations in organs of cyprinus carpio and hypophthalmichthys molitrix, in zabol chahnimeh reservoirs, iran. the highest pb, cu, co, ni, and fe concentrations in both fish species were observed in the gill of c. carpio at 0.70, 3.7, 0.7, 0.8 and 31.2 µg/g, respectively; while the highest concentrations of cd, zn, and cr were found in the gill of h. molitrix at 0.13, 22.5, and 0.5 µg/g, respectively. the maximum allow ...	2015	25836264
fish peptone development using enzymatic hydrolysis of silver carp by-products as a nitrogen source in staphylococcus aureus media.	fish peptone was produced using enzymatic hydrolysis of silver carp filleting by-products by alcalase and trypsin. also, the efficiency of the hydrolysates as a nitrogen source in staphylococcus aureus medium was compared with commercial tsb. the results indicated that the protein hydrolysate from alcalase and trypsin had high protein content (92.92%, 91.53 respectively), and degree of hydrolysis (4.94%, 4.6% respectively).the results showed that silver carp filleting waste can be an efficient s ...	2015	25838893
identification and rapid diagnosis of the pathogen responsible for haemorrhagic disease of the gill of allogynogenetic crucian carp.	in recent years, an epizootic causing severe mortality among allogynogenetic crucian carp (acc), designated as haemorrhagic disease of acc gill, occurred in yancheng city of jiangsu province of china. obvious haemorrhage in the gills of moribund fish and a mortality rate of 100% were observed when accs were artificially infected with liver homogenate from diseased fish. a herpes-like virus, with enveloped virions ranged from 170 to 220 nm in diameter, could be observed in the tissues of challeng ...	2015	25839411
asian fish tapeworm, khawia japonensis (yamaguti, 1934), has expanded its european invasive range.	the invasive fish tapeworm, khawia japonensis (yamaguti, 1934) originally described in japan, is reported for the first time in slovakia. the tapeworm was found in farmed common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) from east-slovakian breeding fish pond. this finding is registered 4 years after the first announcement of this parasite in europe (po river basin in italy) in 2010 and increases its distribution area within this continent. morphological characterization of k. japonensis supplemented with dna se ...	2015	25843570
azadirachtin, a neem-derived biopesticide, impairs behavioral and hematological parameters in carp (cyprinus carpio).	azadirachtin (aza) is a promisor biopesticide used in organic production and aquaculture. although this compound is apparently safe, there is evidence that it may have deleterious effects on fish. behavioral and hematological tests are grouped into a set of parameters that may predict potential toxicity of chemical compounds. here, we investigate the effects of aza, in the commercial formulation neenmax(™) , on carp (cyprinus carpio) by defining lc50 (96 h), and testing behavioral and hematologi ...	2016	25847134
description of myxobolus balatonicus n. sp. (myxozoa: myxobolidae) from the common carp cyprinus carpio l. in lake balaton.	myxobolus balatonicus n. sp. was detected in the gill filaments of the common carp cyprinus carpio l. collected in lake balaton, hungary. its oval plasmodia measuring 600-800 × 300-400 µm were located intravasally in the filamental arteries. the spores measured 11.2 ± 0.92 × 9.5 ± 0.41 × 7.4 ± 0.33 µm and had two equal polar capsules with six filamental turns. both morphology and dna sequence analysis revealed that m. balatonicus n. sp. is distinct from the ten species of myxobolus bütschli, 188 ...	2015	25862034
in vitro antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of azolla microphylla phytochemically synthesized gold nanoparticles on acetaminophen - induced hepatocyte damage in cyprinus carpio l.	the present study aims to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of gold nanoparticles (gnap) biosynthesized through the mediation of azolla microphylla and a. microphylla extract on acetaminophen-induced hepatocyte damage in common carp fish (cyprinus carpio l.). the gold nanoparticles (100, 150, 200 μg/ml) and a. microphylla extract powder (100, 200, 400 μg/ml) were added to the primary hepatocytes in different conditions: treatment i (before 12 mm acetaminophen), treatment ii ( ...	2015	25862331
benzo(a)pyrene-induced cytochrome p4501a expression of four freshwater fishes (oryzias latipes, danio rerio, cyprinus carpio, and zacco platypus).	oryzias latipes, danio rerio, cyprinus carpio, and zacco platypus are useful indicator species for cyp1a biomarker studies; however, comparative studies have not been performed. to compare susceptibility, dose- and time-dependent cyp1a induction at the mrna and protein levels in response to benzo(a)pyrene (bap) exposure was analyzed. at the mrna level, a statistically significant difference was found among the four species; however, such was not observed at the protein level. c. carpio showed th ...	2015	25863331
adaptive expression of uncoupling protein 1 in the carp liver and kidney in response to changes in ambient temperature.	the expression of uncoupling protein (ucp1) is up-regulated in mammalian brown adipocytes during cold exposure. however, a previous study revealed that ucp1 was highly expressed in the liver of common carps, and that the hepatic expression of ucp1 was down-regulated during cold exposure. the present study examined the effects of temperature on the recovery of ucp1 expression levels and the expression of genes involved in ucp1 transcription in the livers and kidneys of common carps. the hepatic a ...	2015	25865906
involvement of the mitfa gene in the development of pigment cell in japanese ornamental (koi) carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	a colored phenotype is an important feature of ornamental fish. in mammals, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (mitf) was found to regulate the development of melanocytes. in this study, the mitfa cdna was first cloned from the japanese ornamental (koi) carp (cyprinus carpio l.), an important ornamental freshwater fish. the full-length cdna of the mitfa gene contains 1634 bp, coding for 412 amino acids in koi. the identity degree of mitfa amino acid sequences between the koi carp and ...	2015	25867426
alkylphenol ethoxylates and brominated flame retardants in water, fish (carp) and sediment samples from the vaal river, south africa.	alkylphenol ethoxylates (apes) and brominated flame retardants (bfrs) are known to be bio-accumulative, persistent, and endocrine disruptors and can cause adverse health effects in animals and humans. in this study, environmental samples were collected from sites along the vaal river, south africa in order to determine the concentrations of apes and bfrs in water, sediment, and fish samples. the highest concentrations of these pollutants were observed from discharge of the rietspruit wwtw. measu ...	2015	25869432
enantioselective analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in freshwater fish based on microextraction with a supramolecular liquid and chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.	toxicity of pharmaceuticals to aquatic biota is still largely unknown, and no research on the stereoselective toxicity of chiral drugs to these organisms has been undertaken to date. because of the lack of analytical methods available for this purpose, this manuscript deals, for the first time, with the enantioselective analysis of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) ibuprofen, naproxen and ketoprofen in freshwater fish. the method was based on the microextraction of nsaids from f ...	2015	25869485
transcriptome analysis of the plateau fish (triplophysa dalaica): implications for adaptation to hypoxia in fishes.	triplophysa dalaica, endemic species of qinghai-tibetan plateau, is informative for understanding the genetic basis of adaptation to hypoxic conditions of high altitude habitats. here, a comprehensive gene repertoire for this plateau fish was generated using the illumina deep paired-end high-throughput sequencing technology. de novo assembly yielded 145, 256 unigenes with an average length of 1632 bp. blast searches against genbank non-redundant database annotated 74,594 (51.4%) unigenes encodin ...	2015	25869933
[the effect of magnetic fields on the activity of proteinases and glycosidases in the intestine of the crucian carp carassius carassius].	it has been demonstrated by the example of the crucian carp (carassius carassius) that a 1-hour stay of fish in a combined magnetic field with resonance parameters for calcium ions decreases the proteolytic and amylolytic activities of their intestinal enzymes. it has been found that a 1-hour exposure to a combined magnetic field with resonance parameters for potassium ions has almost no effect on the activity of proteinases, but it decreases the amylolytic activity. it has been noted that the a ...	2016	25872402
bioaccumulative characteristics of tetrabromobisphenol a and hexabromocyclododecanes in multi-tissues of prey and predator fish from an e-waste site, south china.	tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) and hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds) were analyzed in 12 tissues of prey (mud carp) and predator (northern snakehead) fish from an e-waste area, south china. the tbbpa concentrations in different tissues ranged from 0.03 to 2.85 ng/g wet weight (ww) in mud carp and 0.04 to 1.30 ng/g ww in northern snakehead. the concentrations of hbcds ranged from 0.07 to 96.9 ng/g ww in mud carp and 0.18 to 240 ng/g ww in northern snakehead. hbcd levels in tissues were correlated wi ...	2015	25874430
evaluation of an extended-release formulation of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid in koi (cyprinus carpio).	the use of an extended release ceftiofur crystalline-free acid formulation (ccfa, excede for swine(®) , pfizer animal health) in koi was evaluated after administration of single intramuscular (i.m.) or intracoelomic (i.c.) doses. twenty koi were divided randomly into a control group and four treatment groups (20 mg/kg i.m., 60 mg/kg i.m., 30 mg/kg i.c., and 60 mg/kg i.c.). serum ceftiofur-free acid equivalents (cfae) concentrations were quantified. the pharmacokinetic data were analyzed using a ...	2015	25876672
chronic exposure to tributyltin induces brain functional damage in juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio).	the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of tributyltin (tbt) on brain function and neurotoxicity of freshwater teleost. the effects of long-term exposure to tbt on antioxidant related indices (mda, malondialdehyde; sod, superoxide dismutase; cat, catalase; gr, glutathione reductase; gpx, glutathione peroxidase), na+-k+-atpase and neurological parameters (ache, acetylcholinesterase; mao, monoamine oxidase; no, nitric oxide) in the brain of common carp were evaluated. fish were ...	2015	25879203
temperature and species-specific effects on ß3-adrenergic receptor cardiac regulation in two freshwater teleosts: channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) and common carp (cyprinus carpio).	β₃-adrenergic receptors (ar) are important in teleost cardiovascular regulation. to date, it is unknown whether temperature acclimation changes ß₃-ar functionality and consequently the involvement of this ar subtype in teleost cardiac regulation. common carp (cyprinus carpio) were acclimated at 12 °c or 23 °c (minimum 3 weeks) after which cardiovascular variables (cardiac output (q), stroke volume (sv) and heart rate (fh)) were measured upon injection of the ß₃-ar agonist, brl(37344), and antago ...	2015	25882086
native and non-native plants provide similar refuge to invertebrate prey, but less than artificial plants.	non-native species introductions are widespread and can affect ecosystem functioning by altering the structure of food webs. invading plants often modify habitat structure, which may affect the suitability of vegetation as refuge and could thus impact predator-prey dynamics. yet little is known about how the replacement of native by non-native vegetation affects predator-prey dynamics. we hypothesize that plant refuge provisioning depends on (1) the plant's native status, (2) plant structural co ...	2015	25885967
cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) disturbs osmotic balance in carp (cyprinus carpio l.)--a potential cause of mortality.	cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) causes a fatal disease in carp (cyprinus carpio) and its ornamental koi varieties which seriously affects production and trade of this fish species globally. up to now, the pathophysiology of this disease remains unclear. affected individuals develop most prominent lesions in gills, skin and kidney, in tissues which are involved in the osmotic regulation of freshwater teleosts. therefore, here serum and urine electrolyte levels were examined during the course of a ...	2015	25888311
interactions of highly and low virulent flavobacterium columnare isolates with gill tissue in carp and rainbow trout.	the interactions of flavobacterium columnare isolates of different virulence with the gills of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) were investigated. both fish species were exposed to different high (hv) or low virulence (lv) isolates and sacrificed at seven predetermined times post-challenge. histopathological and ultrastructural examination of carp and rainbow trout inoculated with the hv-isolate disclosed bacterial invasion and concomitant destruction of ...	2015	25889257
anti-carbamylated protein antibodies in the pre-symptomatic phase of rheumatoid arthritis, their relationship with multiple anti-citrulline peptide antibodies and association with radiological damage.	the presence of a new autoantibody system, anti-carbamylated protein (anti-carp) antibodies, has been identified in rheumatoid arthritis (ra). the presence of anti-carp antibodies was evaluated in samples taken from individuals who subsequently developed ra before and after onset of symptoms and related to previously analysed antibodies against citrullinated peptides (acpa specificities) and anti-ccp2.	2015	25889922
carp-1/ccar1: a biphasic regulator of cancer cell growth and apoptosis.	targeted cancer therapy using small molecule inhibitors (smis) has been useful in targeting the tumor cells while sparing the normal cells. despite clinical success of many targeted therapies, their off-target effects and development of resistance are emerging as significant and challenging problems. thus, there is an urgent need to identify targets to devise new means to treat cancers and their drug-resistant phenotypes. carp-1/ccar1 (cell division cycle and apoptosis regulator 1), a peri-nucle ...	2015	25894788
sodium cyanide induced alteration in the whole animal oxygen consumption and behavioural pattern of freshwater fish labeo rohita.	sodium cyanide is a common environmental pollutant which is mainly used in many industries such as mining, electroplating, steel manufacturing, pharmaceutical production and other specialized applications including dyes and agricultural products. it enters aquatic environment through effluents from these industries. static renewal bioassay test has been conducted to determine lc, of sodium cyanide on indigenous freshwater carp, labeo rohita. the behavioural pattern and oxygen consumption were ob ...	2015	25895263
monoclonal antibody against m protein of spring viremia of carp virus.	m protein of spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) was expressed in escherichia coli and then used to immunize balb/c mice. one monoclonal antibody (5a1) against m protein was generated by fusion of mouse myeloma cell line sp2/0 and spleen lymphocytes from immunized mice. the characterizations of this mab were confirmed by elisa (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), ifa (immunofluorescent assay), and western blot analysis. all results indicate that mab 5a1 was specific to svcv m protein.	2015	25897611
oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced by ketorolac on the common carp cyprinus carpio.	the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketorolac is extensively used in the treatment of acute postoperative pain. this pharmaceutical has been found at concentrations of 0.2-60 µg/l in diverse water bodies around the world; however, its effects on aquatic organisms remain unknown. the present study, evaluated the oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced by sublethal concentrations of ketorolac (1 and 60 µg/l) on liver, brain, and blood of the common carp cyprinus carpio. this toxicant induced ...	2016	25899151
sublethal toxicity of quinalphos on oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in a freshwater fish cyprinus carpio.	extensive use of quinalphos, an organophosphorus pesticide, is likely to reach the aquatic environment and thereby posing a health concern for aquatic organisms. oxidative stress and antioxidant responses may be good indicators of pesticide contamination in aquatic organisms. the data on quinalphos induced oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in carps are scanty. this study is aimed to assess the two sublethal concentrations of quinalphos (1.09 and 2.18 μl l(-1) ) on oxidative stress and a ...	2016	25899319
the first report of dactylogyrus formosus kulwiec, 1927 (monogenea: dactylogyridae) from goldfish (carassius auratus) in central china.	dactylogyrus formosus kulwiec, 1927 (monogenea: dactylogyridae), widely distributed across eurasia, is considered as one of the most frequently encountered ectoparasites of goldfish (carassius auratus). in the present study, d. formosus on gills of cultured goldfish was reported in central china for the first time, using the methods of morphological characters and molecular markers. it was characterized by "anchoratoid-wegeneri" type anchor with elongate inner and unobvious outer root. the morph ...	2015	25899326
mercury in sediment, water, and fish in a managed tropical wetland-lake ecosystem.	mercury pollution has not been well documented in the inland lakes or fishes of mexico, despite the importance of freshwater fish as a source of protein in local diets. total mercury and methylmercury in waters, sediments, and the commercial fish catch were investigated in lake zapotlán, mexico. concentrations of total and methylmercury were very high in runoff and wastewater inputs, but very low in sediments and surface waters of the open water area of the lake. concentrations of total mercury ...	2015	25909268
genetic differentiation in indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala (hamilton, 1822) from indian rivers, as revealed by direct sequencing analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b region.	a 307 bp segment of cytochrome b gene of mtdna was sequenced and analyzed for 90 individuals of cirrhinus mrigala collected across the three rivers, namely ganges, narmada and brahmaputra. analyses revealed the presence of 14 haplotypes with haplotype diversity (h) ranging from 0.304 to 0.692, and nucleotide diversity (π) 0.002-0.043. the majority of variation was found within the population (96.21%), and the fst value (0.035) as well as the value of exact test of population differentiation (0.8 ...	2015	25909754
improved memetic algorithm based on route distance grouping for multiobjective large scale capacitated arc routing problems.	the capacitated arc routing problem (carp) has attracted considerable attention from researchers due to its broad potential for social applications. this paper builds on, and develops beyond, the cooperative coevolutionary algorithm based on route distance grouping (rdg-maens), recently proposed by mei et al. although mei's method has proved superior to previous algorithms, we discuss several remaining drawbacks and propose solutions to overcome them. first, although rdg is used in searching for ...	2016	25910271
first evidence of molecular characterization of rohu carp sox2 gene being expressed in proliferating spermatogonial cells.	because little is known about the function of sox2 (sry-related box-2) in teleosts, the objective of this study was to clone and characterize sox2 complementary dna (cdna) from the testis of indian major carp, labeo rohita (rohu). the full-length cdna contained an open reading frame of 936 nucleotides bearing the typical structural features. phylogenetically, sox2 of l rohita was most closely related to freshwater counterparts than marine water. the sequence information of cdna and genomic dna t ...	2015	25913275
pp2a (pr65) in silver carp: cdna cloning and expression analysis.	the full-length sequence of the protein phosphatase 2a subunit a (pp2a-a) cdna from silver carp was cloned and sequenced. additionally, the transcription of pp2a-a in the liver, kidney, and spleen of fish after microcystin (mc)-exposure were also determined in this study. the results reveal that pp2a-a cdna is 2833 base pair (bp) long and contains an open reading frame of 1767 bp encoding a protein of 589 amino acids. sequence analysis demonstrates that pp2a is highly conserved in fish. furtherm ...	2015	25914120
[molecular cloning and expression patterns of two tumor necrosis factor al pha genes in crucian carp (carassius carassius)].	tumor necrosis factor (tnf) is a potent inflammatory cytokine produced during inflammation. in this study, two crucian carp tnf-alpha genes, tnfalpha-1 and tnfalpha-2 were cloned and sequenced. the tnfalpha-1 was 720 bp and-consisted of a 699 bp opening reading frame encoding 232 amino acids and tnfalpha-2 was 793 bp and contained an open reading frame of 687 bp which encoded 228 amino acids. the genomic structure of both genes consists of4 exons and 3 introns similar to other known tnf-alpha ge ...	2015	25916118
kinetics of lymphocyte subpopulations in allogeneic grafted scales of ginbuna crucian carp.	in mammals the rejection of allografts is primarily accomplished by cell-mediated immunity including t cells. recently, considerable studies reveal the existence of helper and cytotoxic t cell subsets in fish. here we investigate the kinetics of cd4(+) and cd8α(+) t cells along with sigm(+) cells and phagocytic cells in an allogeneic scale graft model using ginbuna crucian carp for understanding the mechanisms of cell-mediated immune response. the results showed that cd4(+) t cells first infiltr ...	2015	25917429
acute and subchronic toxic effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on common carp (cyprinus carpio l.): immunotoxicity assessments.	atrazine (atr) and chlorpyrifos (cpf) are widely used pesticides in agricultural practices throughout world. it has resulted in a series of toxicological and environmental problems, such as impacts on many non-target aquatic species, including fish. the spleen and head kidney in the bony fish are the major hematopoietic organs, and play a crucial part in immune responses. this study evaluated the subchronic effects of atr and cpf on the mrna and protein levels of hsp60, hsp70 and hsp90 in the im ...	2015	25917970
optimizing techniques to capture and extract environmental dna for detection and quantification of fish.	few studies have examined capture and extraction methods for environmental dna (edna) to identify techniques optimal for detection and quantification. in this study, precipitation, centrifugation and filtration edna capture methods and six commercially available dna extraction kits were evaluated for their ability to detect and quantify common carp (cyprinus carpio) mitochondrial dna using quantitative pcr in a series of laboratory experiments. filtration methods yielded the most carp edna, and ...	2016	25919417
scales tell a story on the stress history of fish.	fish faced with stressful stimuli launch an endocrine stress response through activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (hpi-) axis to release cortisol into the blood. scientifically validated biomarkers to capture systemic cortisol exposure over longer periods of time are of utmost importance to assess chronic stress in governmental, wildlife, aquaculture and scientific settings. here we demonstrate that cortisol in scales of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) is the long-sought biomark ...	2015	25922947
identification and characterization of cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) encoded micrornas.	micrornas (mirnas) are a class of small non-coding rnas involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. some viruses encode their own mirnas and these are increasingly being recognized as important modulators of viral and host gene expression. cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) is a highly pathogenic agent that causes acute mass mortalities in carp (cyprinus carpio carpio) and koi (cyprinus carpio koi) worldwide. here, bioinformatic analyses of the cyhv-3 genome suggested the presence of non-cons ...	2015	25928140
local and systemic adaptive immune responses toward viral infection via gills in ginbuna crucian carp.	recent studies on fish immunity highlighted the significance of gills as mucosal immune tissues. to understand potential of gills as vaccination sites for inducing adaptive systemic immunity, we investigated virus-specific cell-mediated and humoral immune responses following a "per-gill infection method", which directly exposes virus only to gills. the viral load in crucian carp hematopoietic necrosis virus (chnv)-infected gills decreased after peaking at a particular time point. furthermore, th ...	2015	25936589
relationships between climate and growth of gymnocypris selincuoensis in the tibetan plateau.	the consequences of climate change are becoming increasingly evident in the tibetan plateau, represented by glaciers retreating and lakes expanding, but the biological response to climate change by plateau-lake ecosystems is poorly known. in this study, we applied dendrochronology methods to develop a growth index chronology with otolith increment widths of selincuo naked carp (gymnocypris selincuoensis), which is an endemic species in lake selincuo (4530 m), and investigated the relationships b ...	2015	25937912
local adaptation of gymnocypris przewalskii (cyprinidae) on the tibetan plateau.	divergent selection among environments affects species distributions and can lead to speciation. in this article, we investigated the transcriptomes of two ecotypes of scaleless carp (gymnocypris przewalskii przewalskii and g. p. ganzihonensis) from the tibetan plateau. we used a transcriptome sequencing approach to screen approximately 250,000 expressed sequence tags (ests) from the gill and kidney tissues of twelve individuals from the ganzi river and lake qinghai to understand how this freshw ...	2015	25944748
three-dimensional structure and ligand-binding site of carp fishelectin (fel).	carp fel (fishelectin or fish-egg lectin) is a 238-amino-acid lectin that can be purified from fish eggs by exploiting its selective binding to sepharose followed by elution with n-acetylglucosamine. its amino-acid sequence and other biochemical properties have previously been reported. the glycoprotein has four disulfide bridges and the structure of the oligosaccharides linked to asn27 has been described. here, the three-dimensional structures of apo carp fel (cfel) and of its complex with n-ac ...	2015	25945578
behavioral and biochemical responses in freshwater fish carassius auratus exposed to sertraline.	sertraline is one of the most commonly prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and is frequently detected in the aquatic environment. however, knowledge regarding relationships among molecular or biochemical endpoints involved in modes of action (moas) of sertraline and ecologically important behavioral responses of fish is insufficient. the present study aimed to investigate the bioconcentration and possible adverse outcomes pathways (aops) in crucian carp (carassius auratus) exposed ...	2015	25950408
effect of cacl2 on denaturation and aggregation of silver carp myosin during setting.	the effect of cacl2 on denaturation and aggregation of silver carp myosin incubated at 40 °c was investigated by circular dichroism spectroscopy, surface hydrophobicity (s0-ans), total sulfhydryl (sh) group content, zeta potential, turbidity, z-average diameter (dz), and dynamic rheological analysis. during setting at 40 °c, both cacl2 and heating induced conformational changes of the fish myosin, and exposure of more hydrophobic amino acid residues and free sh groups, followed by myosin aggrega ...	2015	25952860
comparative analysis of adaptive immune response after vaccine trials using live attenuated and formalin-killed cells of edwardsiella tarda in ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii).	edwardsiella tarda is an intracellular pathogen that causes edwardsiellosis in fish. although vaccine trials with formalin-killed cells (fkc) have been reported, the vaccinations failed in protect against e. tarda infection. on the other hand, a live attenuated vaccine strategy is effective against edwardsiellosis; however, the mechanism underlying its effectiveness in fish is unclear. in the present study, we compared the adaptive immune responses in fish vaccinated with fkcs and live attenuate ...	2015	25959574
distribution and age-related bioaccumulation of lead (pb), mercury (hg), cadmium (cd), and arsenic (as) in tissues of common carp (cyprinus carpio) and european catfish (sylurus glanis) from the buško blato reservoir (bosnia and herzegovina).	the purpose of this study was to quantify the bioaccumulation of pb, hg, cd, and as in tissues of carp (cyprinus carpio) and catfish (silurus glanis) from buško blato in bosnia and herzegovina. arsenic concentrations were below the maximal admissible concentration (mac) for croatia and other countries. mercury concentrations were below 1 mg kg(-1), but in most muscle samples of both species and all catfish liver samples, the values were higher than 0.5 mg kg(-1) (higher than the mac for many cou ...	2015	25966047
genetic analysis of qtl for eye cross and eye diameter in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) using microsatellites and snps.	a group of 107 f1 hybrid common carp was used to construct a linkage map using joinmap 4.0. a total of 4877 microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers isolated from a genomic library (978 microsatellite and 3899 snp markers) were assigned to construct the genetic map, which comprised 50 linkage groups. the total length of the linkage map for the common carp was 4775.90 cm with an average distance between markers of 0.98 cm. ten quantitative trait loci (qtl) were associated w ...	2015	25966124
body color development and genetic analysis of hybrid transparent crucian carp (carassius auratus).	the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic mechanism of the transparent trait in transparent crucian carp. we observed body color development in transparent crucian carp larvae and analyzed heredity of color in hybrids produced with red crucian carp, ornamental carp, and red purse carp. the results showed that the body color of the newly hatched larvae matured into the adult pattern at approximately 54 days post-hatching. two inter-species reciprocal crosses between transparent crucian ...	2015	25966213
metabolic disposition and elimination of cyadox in pigs, chickens, carp, and rats.	the metabolism, distribution, and elimination of cyadox (cya) is investigated in pigs, chickens, carp, and rats to identify the marker residue and target tissue of cya in food animals for food safety concerns. following a single oral gavage of [(3)h]-cya, the total radioactivity was rapidly excreted, with more than 95% of the dose excreted within 14 days in the four species. fecal excretion of the total radioactivity was 66.2% and 51.6%, and urinary excretion of the total radioactivity was 28.35 ...	2015	25973850
environmental degradation in a eutrophic shallow lake is not simply due to abundance of non-native cyprinus carpio.	non-native species are often major drivers of the deterioration of natural ecosystems. the common carp cyprinus carpio are known to cause major changes in lentic systems, but may not be solely responsible for large scale changes in these ecosystems. we used data from extensive collection efforts to gain insight into the importance of carp as drivers of ecosystem change in lake patzcuaro, mexico. we compared the structure (fish density, biomass, diversity, and evenness) of fish assemblages from s ...	2015	25975439
another potential carp killer?: carp edema virus disease in germany.	infections with carp edema virus, a pox virus, are known from japanese koi populations since 1974. a characteristic clinical sign associated with this infection is lethargy and therefore the disease is called "koi sleepy disease". diseased koi also show swollen gills, enophthalmus, and skin lesions. mortality rates up to 80 % are described. for a long period of time, disease outbreaks seemed to be restricted to japan. however, during the last years clinical outbreaks of koi sleepy disease also o ...	2015	25976542
carp thrombocyte phagocytosis requires activation factors secreted from other leukocytes.	thrombocytes are nucleated blood cells in non-mammalian vertebrates, which were recently focused on not only as hemostatic cells but also as immune cells with potent phagocytic activities. we have analyzed the phagocytic activation mechanisms in common carp (cyprinus carpio) thrombocytes. macs-sorted mab(+) thrombocytes showed no phagocytic activity even in the presence of several stimulants. however, remixing these thrombocytes with other anti-thrombocyte mab(-) leukocyte populations restored t ...	2015	25978929
barcoding of fresh water fishes from pakistan.	dna bar-coding is a taxonomic method that uses small genetic markers in organisms' mitochondrial dna (mt dna) for identification of particular species. it uses sequence diversity in a 658-base pair fragment near the 5' end of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (co1) gene as a tool for species identification. dna barcoding is more accurate and reliable method as compared with the morphological identification. it is equally useful in juveniles as well as adult stages of fishes. the p ...	2016	25980661
recombinant lactobacillus expressing g protein of spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) combined with orf81 protein of koi herpesvirus (khv): a promising way to induce protective immunity against svcv and khv infection in cyprinid fish via oral vaccination.	spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) and koi herpesvirus (khv) are highly contagious and pathogenic to cyprinid fish, causing enormous economic losses in aquaculture. although dna vaccines reported in recent years could induce protective immune responses in carps against these viruses via injection, there are a number of consequences and uncertainties related to dna vaccination. therefore, more effective and practical method to induce protective immunity such as oral administration would be highl ...	2015	25981489
expression characterization, genomic structure and function analysis of fish ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (usp18) genes.	in mammals, usp18 (ubiquitin-specific protease 18) is an interferon (ifn) inducible protein and plays a role in regulation of ifn response upon viral infection. in this study, we first cloned a usp18 homologous gene from virally-infected crucian carp (carassius auratus) blastula embryonic (cab) cells, and later found in other fish species including zebrafish. all fish usp18 genes have 10 exons and 9 introns comparable to 11 exons and 10 introns in non-fish vertebrates. expression analysis reveal ...	2015	25981749
crystal structure of the c-terminal domain of tubulin-binding cofactor c from leishmania major.	tubulin-binding cofactor c stimulates gtpase activity and contributes to the release of the heterodimeric α/β-tubulin from a super-complex of tubulin monomers and two ancillary cofactors. we have determined the 2.2 å resolution crystal structure of the c-terminal domain of tubulin-binding cofactor c from leishmania major based on single wavelength anomalous dispersion measurements targeting a selenomethionine derivative. although previously predicted to consist of two domains the structure is be ...	2015	25982270
acute and subchronic effects on immune responses of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) after exposure to deoxynivalenol (don) in feed.	the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (don) has been shown to regularly occur at relevant concentrations in feed designed for aquaculture use, but little is known about the consequences of its presence on the organisms that consume the don-contaminated feed. previous studies indicated a down-regulation of pro-inflammatory responses in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) after 4 weeks of feeding don. the present study examined the time course of innate immune responses of carp to orally administered don. changes in ...	2015	25989849
compression anastomotic ring-locking procedure (carp) is a safe and effective method for intestinal anastomoses following left-sided colonic resection.	compression anastomotic ring-locking procedure (carp) is a novel procedure for creating colonic anastomoses. the surgical procedure allows perioperative quantification of the compression pressure between the intestinal ends within the anastomosis and postoperative monitoring of the anastomotic integrity. we have recently shown that carp is a safe and effective method for colonic anastomoses in pigs, and the purpose of the present study was to evaluate carp for colonic anastomoses in humans.	2015	25989929
establishment and characterization of fin-derived cell line from ornamental carp, cyprinus carpio koi, for virus isolation in india.	cyprinus carpio koi fin (cckf) cell line was established and characterized from the caudal fin tissue of ornamental common carp, c. carpio koi. this cell line has been maintained in l-15 medium supplemented with 15% foetal bovine serum (fbs) and subcultured more than 52 times over a period of 24 mo. the cckf cell line consisted of epithelial cells and was able to grow at temperatures between 22 and 35°c with an optimum temperature of 28°c. the growth rate of these cells increased as the proporti ...	2015	25990269
effects of glutamate on growth, antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant-related signaling molecule expression in primary cultures of fish enterocytes.	the present study explored the effects of glutamate (glu) on the growth, antioxidant capacity, and gene expression of nf-e2-related nuclear factor 2 (nrf2) signaling molecule in enterocytes of jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). the enterocytes were incubated in media containing 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm/l glu for 96 h. the results showed that glu could promote fish enterocytes proliferation and differentiation. additionally, activities of alkaline phosphatase, na(+), k(+)-atpase, γ-glutamyl t ...	2015	25999304
genome-wide identification, evolution and expression analysis of nuclear receptor superfamily in nile tilapia, oreochromis niloticus.	the nuclear receptor (nr) superfamily, which is divided into 7 subfamilies, constitutes one of the largest classes of transcription factors. in this study, through comprehensive database search, we identified all nrs (including 4 novel members) from the tilapia (75), common carp (137), zebrafish (73), fugu (73), tetraodon (72), stickleback (70), medaka (69), coelacanth (55), spotted gar (51) and elephant shark (50). for 21 nrs, two duplicates were found in teleosts, while only one in tetrapods. ...	2015	26024593
nsaid-manufacturing plant effluent induces geno- and cytotoxicity in common carp (cyprinus carpio).	the pharmaceutical industry generates wastewater discharges of varying characteristics and contaminant concentrations depending on the nature of the production process. the main chemicals present in these effluents are solvents, detergents, disinfectants - such as sodium hypochlorite (naclo) - and pharmaceutical products, all of which are potentially ecotoxic. therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the geno- and cytotoxicity induced in the common carp cyprinus carpio by the effluent emanating f ...	2015	26026403
mass mortality in ornamental fish, cyprinus carpio koi caused by a bacterial pathogen, proteus hauseri.	moribund koi carp, cyprinus carpio koi, from a farm with 50% cumulative mortality were sampled with the aim of isolating and detecting the causative agent. three bacterial species viz., citrobacter freundii (nscf-1), klebsiella pneumoniae (nskp-1) and proteus hauseri [genomospecies 3 of proteus vulgaris bio group 3] (nsph-1) were isolated, identified and characterized on the basis of biochemical tests and sequencing of the 16s rdna gene using universal bacterial primers. challenge experiments wi ...	2015	26028178
[the bipolarity of the genetic structure of communities of the crucian carp (carassius linnaeus, 1758) as a reflection of paradoxal reproductive relationships].	an analysis of 133 populations of carasiius spp. from water bodies in ukraine showed their polyspecific structure: 62% of individuals of the studied 3453 specimens. turned out to be bisexual goldfishes c. auratus, 25%. were unisexual prissian carps c. gibelio, 6% accounted for the aboriginal species crucian carp c. carassius, and 6% were hybrids c. auratus x c. carassius. in this case a clear trend has been revealed towards the formation of homogeneous alternative populations, specifically: eith ...	2015	26030976
interactions between water temperature and contaminant toxicity to freshwater fish.	warming of freshwaters as a result of climate change is expected to have complex interactions with the toxicity of contaminants to aquatic organisms. the present study evaluated the effects of temperature on the acute toxicity of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, and phenol to 3 warm water species of fish-silver perch, rainbowfish, and western carp gudgeon-and 1 cold water species, rainbow trout. endosulfan was more toxic to silver perch at 30 °c and 35 °c than at 15 °c, 20 °c and 25 °c during short exp ...	2015	26033197
risk factors for development of internal neoplasms in koi carp cyprinus carpio koi.	fish, like mammals, can be affected by neoplastic proliferations. as yet, there are only a very small number of studies reporting on the occurrence of tumours in koi carp cyprinus carpio koi and only sporadic reports on the nature of the tumours or on risk factors associated with their development. between 2008 and 2012, koi with abdominal swelling were examined pathologically: neoplastic lesions were diagnosed and classified histologically. we evaluated possible risk factors for the development ...	2015	26036827
trichlorfon-induced haematological and biochemical changes in cyprinus carpio: ameliorative effect of propolis.	trichlorfon is among the most commonly used products to treat fish parasites in aquaculture. we investigated the effectiveness of propolis in alleviating the toxicity of trichlorfon on haematological and oxidant/antioxidant parameters in carp cyprinus carpio. fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations (11 and 22 mg l-1) of trichlorfon, and propolis (10 mg kg-1 of fish weight) was simultaneously administered. at the end of 14 d administration, blood and tissue (liver, kidney, gill) samples wer ...	2015	26036828
biochemical responses over time in common carp cyprinus carpio (teleostei, cyprinidae) during fed supplementation with α-lipoic acid.	the current study aimed to evaluate the influence of lipoic acid (la) supplementation (439.84±6.71 mg la/kg feed) on antioxidants responses throughout the time in intestine, liver and muscle of juvenile common carp cyprinus carpio. two experimental groups were fed during four weeks with a diet with or without la. glutathione-s-transferase (gst) activity, glutathione (gsh) content, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (acap) and lipid peroxidation (tbars) were evaluated in these organs. ...	2015	26037328
bioaccumulation of heavy metals and microelements in silver bream (brama brama l.), northern pike (esox lucius l.), sterlet (acipenser ruthenus l.), and common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) from tisza river, serbia.	the aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of al, as, b, cd, co, cr, cu, fe, hg, mn, ni, pb, se, sr, and zn in liver, gills, gonads, and brain of four ecologically different fish species in serbia: piscivorous northern pike, benthivorous sterlet and silver bream, and omnivorous common carp. fish were caught at four sites along the stretch of the river tisza in the pannonian part of serbia during october 2010. results revealed that heavy metals and microelements with the highest va ...	2015	26039743
activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis (hpi axis) and immune response in carp lines with different susceptibility to disease.	the stress response transmitted by the hpa axis is one of the best examples of neuroendocrine-immune interactions that are critical for survival. analogous to the situation in mammals, the stress response in fish is characterized by the activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal axis (hpi). effects of cortisol on the fish immune system comply with findings in mammals and suggest that the differences in sensitivity to stress will influence the immune response and as a consequence of survi ...	2015	26041250
meiosis completion and various sperm responses lead to unisexual and sexual reproduction modes in one clone of polyploid carassius gibelio.	unisexual polyploid vertebrates are commonly known to reproduce by gynogenesis, parthenogenesis, or hybridogenesis. one clone of polyploid carassius gibelio has been revealed to possess multiple modes of unisexual gynogenesis and sexual reproduction, but the cytological and developmental mechanisms have remained unknown. in this study, normal meiosis completion was firstly confirmed by spindle co-localization of β-tubulin and spindlin. moreover, three types of various nuclear events and developm ...	2015	26042995
isolation of cathepsin b from the muscle of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and comparison of cathepsins b and l actions on surimi gel softening.	cathepsin b from silver carp muscle was purified to 263-fold by acid treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by a series of chromatographic separations. the molecular mass of the purified enzyme was 29kda as determined by sds-page and immunoblotting. the purified enzyme was activated by dithiothreitol and cysteine while it was substantially inhibited by e-64, suggesting the purified enzyme belongs to the cysteine proteinase family. optimal ph and temperature were 5.5 and 35°c, respec ...	2008	26049221
purification and characterisation of trypsins from the pyloric caeca of mandarin fish (siniperca chuatsi).	two trypsins of anionic form (trypsin a) and cationic form (trypsin b) from the pyloric caeca of mandarin fish (siniperca chuatsi) were highly purified by a series of chromatographies, including deae-sephacel, sephacryl s-200 hr, q-sepharose or sp-sepharose. purified trypsins revealed a single band on native-page. the molecular weights of trypsin a and b were 21kda and 21.5kda, respectively, as estimated by sds-page, both under reducing and non-reducing conditions. zymography analysis showed tha ...	2008	26049226
functional characterization of viral tumor necrosis factor receptors encoded by cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv3) genome.	cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv3) is a large double-stranded dna virus of alloherpesviridae family in the order herpesvirales. it causes significant morbidity and mortality in common carp and its ornamental koi variety, and threatens the aquaculture industries worldwide. mimicry of cytokines and cytokine receptors is a particular strategy for large dna viruses in modulating the host immune response. here, we report the identification and characterization of two novel viral homologues of tumor necro ...	2015	26052019
in vivo and in vitro isomer-specific biotransformation of perfluorooctane sulfonamide in common carp (cyprinus carpio).	biotransformation of pfos-precursors (prefos) may contribute significantly to the level of perfluorooctanesulfonate (pfos) in the environment. perfluorooctane sulfonamide (pfosa) is one of the major intermediates of higher molecular weight prefos. its further degradation to pfos could be isomer specific and thereby explain unexpected high percentages of branched (br-) pfos isomers observed in wildlife. in this study, isomeric degradation of pfosa was concomitantly investigated by in vivo and in ...	2015	26053759
phylogeny and evolution of multiple common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) populations clarified by phylogenetic analysis based on complete mitochondrial genomes.	common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) is one of the oldest, most widely farmed commercially important freshwater fish in the world. however, many undetermined phylogenetic relationships and origins of common carp lineages remain, which are obstacles to conservation and genetic breeding of this species. phylogenetic analyses based on molecular tools are helpful to distinguish the origin of species, understand and clarify their evolutionary history, and provide a genetic basis for selective breeding. i ...	2015	26054828
dietary habits of invasive ponto-caspian gobies in the croatian part of the danube river basin and their potential impact on benthic fish communities.	invasive ponto-caspian (p-c(1)) gobies have recently caused dramatic changes in fish assemblage structures throughout the danube basin. while their presence in the croatian part of the basin has been noted and distribution studied, their dietary habits and impacts on native fish communities have, until now, been unknown. in 2011, 17 locations in the sava river basin were sampled for fish and 15 for benthic invertebrates. fish population monitoring data, available for nine seasons (2003-2006 and ...	2016	26054972
ontogeny, tissue distribution and expression analysis of igz in rohu, labeo rohita in response to various stimuli.	this study reports presence of igz transcripts, its ontogeny, tissue distribution and expression following various stimulations/infections in rohu. the derived rohu igz sequence clustered together with igz of ctenopharyngodon idella and cyprinus carpio in phylogenetic analysis. igz expression was detected at early developmental stages with higher expression at 1 day post-fertilization, and higher in anterior kidney and lower in skin tissues of juveniles. an inductive expression of igz was observ ...	2015	26055084
biological fate and effects of propranolol in an experimental aquatic food chain.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the trophic transfer of the β-blocker propranolol (prp) in an experimental aquatic food chain involving the green algae scenedesmus obliquus, the water flea daphnia magna and the crucian carp carassius auratus, as well as the metabolism and effects of prp in the liver of crucian carp. after a 48 h prp aqueous exposure for algae, with a subsequent 48 h dietary exposure for daphnia and an 8d dietary exposure for crucian carp, prp was observed in each trophic l ...	2015	26057722
determination of the seasonal changes on total fatty acid composition and ω3/ω6 ratios of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) muscle lipids in beysehir lake (turkey).	the muscle lipid and fatty acid composition of carp, cyprinus carpio in beysehir lake the largest freshwater lake in turkey, was determined. polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) of carp, the most abundant fish species in beysehir lake, were found to be higher than those of saturated fatty acids (sfa) in spring, summer and autumn and also the monounsaturated fatty acids (mufa) in spring and summer. palmitic acid was the major sfa (14.6-16.6%) in all seasons. oleic acid was identified as the major m ...	2008	26059149
cholesterol-rich lipid rafts play an important role in the cyprinid herpesvirus 3 replication cycle.	the cyprinus herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) is a member of the new alloherpesviridae virus family in the herpesvirales order. cyhv-3 has been implicated in a large number of disease outbreaks in carp populations causing up to 100% mortality. the aim of this study was to investigate the requirement of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in cyhv-3 entry and replication in carp cells. plasma membrane cholesterol was depleted from common carp brain (ccb) cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (mβcd). treated and non-tre ...	2015	26059657
prevalence of ectoparasites in carp fry and fingerlings of rajshahi district, bangladesh.	the study has been carried out to find out the prevalence of ectoparasites of carp fry and fingerlings during june 2010 to may 2011 from rajshahi district, bangladesh. four groups of ectoparasites viz. myxozoan, ciliophoran, monogenean and crustacean were recorded from 560 species of endemic and exotic carps collected from rajshahi district, bangladesh. the highest ectoparasitic prevalence (37.5 %) has been recorded for ciliophoran group in winter and the lowest prevalence in crustacean (5 %) in ...	2015	26063985
toxicity and molecular effects of di-n-butyl phthalate (dbp) on cyp1a, sod, and gpx in cyprinus carpio (common carp).	di-n-butyl phthalate (dbp), a widely used plasticizer in the plastic industry, affects regulation of the endocrine system and causes toxicity in animals. in the present study, we evaluated a series of ecotoxicological stress biomarkers in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) as an experimental model to test for alterations in gene expression at a sublethal concentration of 1 mg/l dbp for 4, 24, and 96 h. in gills, an immediate increase in cyp1a messenger rna (mrna) levels was observed within the fi ...	2015	26065888
assessing joint toxicity of four organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in common carp (cyprinus carpio) using acetylcholinesterase activity as an endpoint.	mixtures of organophosphate (op) and carbamate (cb) pesticides are commonly detected in freshwater ecosystems. these pesticides inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase (ache) and have potential to interfere with behaviors that may be essential for the survival of species. although the effects of individual anticholinesterase insecticides on aquatic species have been studied for decades, the neurotoxicity of mixtures is still poorly understood. in the present study, brain ache inhibition in ...	2015	26071811