Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| the stress-activated signaling (sas) pathways of a human fungal pathogen, cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans is a basidiomycete human fungal pathogen that causes meningoencephalitis in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. the ability to sense and respond to diverse extracellular signals is essential for the pathogen to infect and cause disease in the host. four major stress-activated signaling (sas) pathways have been characterized in c. neoformans, including the hog (high osmolarity glycerol response), pkc/mpk1 mapk (mitogen-activated protein kinase), calcium ... | 2009 | 23983528 |
| detection and identification of yeasts from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue by use of pcr-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | diagnosis of yeast infection is typically accomplished by fungal smear and culture, histopathologic examination, and/or serologic studies. newer assays based on mass spectrometry may be useful for yeast identification when histologic examination is inconclusive, fungal cultures are not ordered, or cultures fail to yield a causative agent. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of the plex-id broad fungal assay to accurately detect and identify yeasts in formalin-fixed paraffin-emb ... | 2013 | 23985922 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of adenylosuccinate synthetase from the fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans. | with increasingly large immunocompromised populations around the world, opportunistic fungal pathogens such as cryptococcus neoformans are a growing cause of morbidity and mortality. to combat the paucity of antifungal compounds, new drug targets must be investigated. adenylosuccinate synthetase is a crucial enzyme in the atp de novo biosynthetic pathway, catalyzing the formation of adenylosuccinate from inosine monophosphate and aspartate. although the enzyme is ubiquitous and well characterize ... | 2013 | 23989157 |
| phosphorylation of calcineurin at a novel serine-proline rich region orchestrates hyphal growth and virulence in aspergillus fumigatus. | the fungus aspergillus fumigatus is a leading infectious killer in immunocompromised patients. calcineurin, a calmodulin (cam)-dependent protein phosphatase comprised of calcineurin a (cnaa) and calcineurin b (cnab) subunits, localizes at the hyphal tips and septa to direct a. fumigatus invasion and virulence. here we identified a novel serine-proline rich region (sprr) located between two conserved cnaa domains, the cnab-binding helix and the cam-binding domain, that is evolutionarily conserved ... | 2013 | 23990785 |
| prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of cryptococcus neoformans isolated from pigeon excreta in chon buri province, eastern thailand. | the prevalence of cerebral meningitis caused by cryptococcus neoformans in hiv-infected patients in eastern thailand is high. however, little is known about the occurrence of this pathogenic yeast in the environment of this region. the aim of our study was to characterize the prevalence of c. neoformans, its serotypes and antifungal drug susceptibilities in environmental isolates from chon buri, eastern thailand. c. neoformans was isolated from 10% of fifty pigeon excreta examined from this pr ... | 2013 | 23995421 |
| spontaneous fungal peritonitis: a severe complication in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. | treatment of cirrhotic patients with spontaneous peritonitis using antibiotics occasionally fails. fungal infections may be one of the causes of antibiotic treatment failure in such patients. in this study we evaluated the clinical significance and characteristics of spontaneous fungal peritonitis (sfp). consecutive cirrhotic patients with spontaneous peritonitis treated between 2000 and 2005 at a tertiary care center in seoul, korea, were included. we analyzed the clinical characteristics and t ... | 2014 | 23996048 |
| sulphiredoxin plays peroxiredoxin-dependent and -independent roles via the hog signalling pathway in cryptococcus neoformans and contributes to fungal virulence. | mechanisms of oxidative stress resistance are crucial virulence factors for survival and proliferation of fungal pathogens within the human host. in this study we have identified and functionally characterized the role of sulphiredoxin, srx1, in oxidative stress resistance of cryptococcus neoformans causing fungal meningoencephalitis and regulation of peroxiredoxins, tsa1 and tsa3, and thioredoxins, trx1 and trx2. the c. neoformans hog (high osmolarity glycerol response) pathway was essential fo ... | 2013 | 23998805 |
| [fungal pneumonias: do they exist?]. | as typical opportunistic pathogens fungi, for example pneumocystis jirovecii, infect predominantly immunocompromised hosts. there are, however, others, for example coccidioides immitis and cryptococcus neoformans, which endanger otherwise healthy people, too. fungi are not mentioned as causative agents of pneumonias in the german guidelines for community acquired pneumonia. in the german guidelines for nosocomial pneumonia only very few, namely aspergillus spp. and candida spp., are shortly disc ... | 2013 | 24006197 |
| antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of oenanthe crocata l. essential oil. | the present study reports the chemical composition, antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as well as the cytotoxicity of oenanthe crocata essential oil and one of its main compounds. the essential oil was obtained from the aerial parts of the plant by hydrodistillation and analysed by gc and gc/ms. the oil was predominantly composed of monoterpene hydrocarbons (85.8%), being the main compounds trans-β-ocimene (31.3%), sabinene (29.0%) and cis-β-ocimene (12.3%). for the antifun ... | 2013 | 24012643 |
| restricted substrate specificity for the geranylgeranyltransferase-i enzyme in cryptococcus neoformans: implications for virulence. | proper cellular localization is required for the function of many proteins. the caax prenyltransferases (where caax indicates a cysteine followed by two aliphatic amino acids and a variable amino acid) direct the subcellular localization of a large group of proteins by catalyzing the attachment of hydrophobic isoprenoid moieties onto c-terminal caax motifs, thus facilitating membrane association. this group of enzymes includes farnesyltransferase (ftase) and geranylgeranyltransferase-i (ggtase-1 ... | 2013 | 24014765 |
| a case of disseminated cryptococcosis with skin manifestations in a patient with newly diagnosed hiv. | in this case report, we provide a concise review of the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, key diagnostic findings, and treatment options for cryptococcus. cryptococcus neoformans is a ubiquitous dimorphic fungus that can potentially be life threatening, especially in immunocompromised hosts. it commonly infects the respiratory tract or central nervous system. however, skin manifestations can be a marker of severe and disseminated disease, particularly in individuals at higher risk, including ... | 2013 | 24015436 |
| geographically structured populations of cryptococcus neoformans variety grubii in asia correlate with hiv status and show a clonal population structure. | cryptococcosis is an important fungal disease in asia with an estimated 140,000 new infections annually the majority of which occurs in patients suffering from hiv/aids. cryptococcus neoformans variety grubii (serotype a) is the major causative agent of this disease. in the present study, multilocus sequence typing (mlst) using the isham mlst consensus scheme for the c. neoformans/c. gattii species complex was used to analyse nucleotide polymorphisms among 476 isolates of this pathogen obtained ... | 2013 | 24019866 |
| radioimmunotherapy of cryptococcus neoformans spares bystander mammalian cells. | previously, we showed that radioimmunotherapy (rit) for cryptococcal infections using radioactively labeled antibodies recognizing the cryptococcal capsule reduced fungal burden and prolonged survival of mice infected with cryptococcus neoformans. here, we investigate the effects of rit on bystander mammalian cells. | 2013 | 24020737 |
| elucidating the immunological function of the cryptococcus neoformans capsule. | the encapsulated fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans represents a significant agent of life-threatening infections in immunocompromised subjects. a unique characteristic of cryptococcus species is the presence of a polysaccharide capsule, which is essential for virulence and endows cryptococcus with potent immunoregulatory properties. this review provides an overview of the immunological properties of the principal components of c. neoformans capsule. | 2013 | 24020739 |
| cloning of the lentinula edodes b mating-type locus and identification of the genetic structure controlling b mating. | during the life cycle of heterothallic tetrapolar agaricomycetes such as lentinula edodes (berk.) pegler, the mating type system, composed of unlinked a and b loci, plays a vital role in controlling sexual development and resulting formation of the fruit body. l. edodes is produced worldwide for consumption and medicinal purposes, and understanding its sexual development is therefore of great importance. a considerable amount of mating type factors has been indicated over the past decades but fe ... | 2013 | 24029079 |
| expression of mouse beta defensin 2 in escherichia coli and its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. | mature mouse beta defensin 2 (mbd2) is a small cationic peptide with antimicrobial activity. here we established a prokaryotic expression vector containing the cdna of mature mbd2 fused with thioredoxin (trxa), pet32a-mbd2. the vector was transformed into escherichia coli (e. coli) rosseta-gami (2) for expression fusion protein. under the optimization of fermentation parameters: induce with 0.6 mm isopropylthiogalactoside (iptg) at 34°c in 2×yt medium and harvest at 6 h postinduction, fusion pro ... | 2011 | 24031740 |
| comparison of primers for rapd-pcr from environmental isolates of cryptococcus neoformans, cryptococcus albidus and cryptococcus laurentii complex. | various organisms have been characterized by molecular methods, including fungi of the genus cryptococcus. the purposes of this study were: to determine the discriminatory potential of the rapd (random amplified polymorphic dna) primers, the pattern of similarity of the cryptococcus species, and discuss their useful application in epidemiological studies. we analyzed 10 isolates of each specie/group: c. albidus, c. laurentii complex, c. neoformans var. grubii, all from environmental source, and ... | 2012 | 24031912 |
| antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants from the cerrado of the centralwestern region of brazil. | ethanol extracts from six selected species from the cerrado of the central-western region of brazil, which are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases and other medical conditions, namely erythroxylum suberosum st. hil. (erythroxylaceae), hyptis crenata pohl. ex benth. (lamiaceae), roupala brasiliensis klotz. (proteaceae), simarouba versicolor st. hil. (simaroubaceae), guazuma ulmifolia lam. (sterculiaceae) and protium heptaphyllum (aubl.) march. (burseraceae), as w ... | 2012 | 24031956 |
| the uve1 endonuclease is regulated by the white collar complex to protect cryptococcus neoformans from uv damage. | the pathogenic fungus cryptococcus neoformans uses the bwc1-bwc2 photoreceptor complex to regulate mating in response to light, virulence and ultraviolet radiation tolerance. how the complex controls these functions is unclear. here, we identify and characterize a gene in cryptococcus, uve1, whose mutation leads to a uv hypersensitive phenotype. the homologous gene in fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe encodes an apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease acting in the uvde-dependent excision repai ... | 2013 | 24039606 |
| cryptococcal meningitis with secondary cutaneous involvement in an immunocompetent host. | cryptococcosis is a potentially fatal fungal disease caused by variants of cryptococcus neoformans species. the respiratory tract is the usual portal of entry, with a peculiar predilection to invade the central nervous system. the skin can be secondarily involved in disseminated infection or be exceptionally involved as primary cutaneous infection by inoculation. the disease is mostly seen in immunodeficiency states. the diagnosis is frequently unsuspected in immunocompetent patients. we rep ... | 2013 | 24042105 |
| isolation and characterization of cryptococcus neoformans from environmental sources in busan. | twenty nine samples of pigeon droppings (n = 12) and soil contaminated with avian excreta (n = 19), collected from different sites in busan, were examined for isolation and characterization of cryptococcus neoformans. of these samples, 5 strains of c. neoformans were recovered from pigeon droppings (5/12 : 41.7%). all isolates were belonged to c. neoformans var. grubii (serotype a). the extracellular enzyme activities of the strains by using the api-zym system showed two different enzymatic patt ... | 2005 | 24049499 |
| the intracellular life of cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen with worldwide distribution. serological studies of human populations show a high prevalence of human infection, which rarely progresses to disease in immunocompetent hosts. however, decreased host immunity places individuals at high risk for cryptococcal disease. the disease can result from acute infection or reactivation of latent infection, in which yeasts within granulomas and host macrophages emerge to cause disease. in this review, we summarize ... | 2014 | 24050625 |
| chiral n-benzyl-n-methyl-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamines and their in vitro antifungal activity against cryptococcus neoformans, trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum. | in the search for new antifungal compounds and to explore structure activity relationships, a series of 24 chiral benzyl amine type antifungals was synthesised and characterised. in vitro testing against the human pathogen cryptococcus neoformans revealed that several derivatives had mic50 values similar to that of the commercial drug butenafine. all of these contained a bulky group in the para position of the benzyl fragment. eighteen compounds were also tested for activity against the dermatop ... | 2013 | 24051242 |
| new insights into hiv/aids-associated cryptococcosis. | cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic fungal infection in both hiv-infected and hiv-uninfected patients. according to the most recent taxonomy, the responsible fungus is classified into a complex that contains two species (cryptococcus neoformans and c. gattii), with eight major molecular types. hiv infection is recognized worldwide as the main underlying disease responsible for the development of cryptococcal meningitis (accounting for 80-90% of cases). in several areas of ... | 2013 | 24052889 |
| how histopathology can contribute to an understanding of defense mechanisms against cryptococci. | invasive fungal infections, particularly those considered opportunistic, have become a common and significant complication of procedures performed in advanced contemporary medicine. among such infections, cryptococcosis, which is usually caused by infection with cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii, is particularly problematic because this fungal infection occurs in immunocompromised and apparently immunocompetent individuals. it has been largely accepted that cryptococcus species are ... | 2013 | 24058271 |
| unisexual and heterosexual meiotic reproduction generate aneuploidy and phenotypic diversity de novo in the yeast cryptococcus neoformans. | aneuploidy is known to be deleterious and underlies several common human diseases, including cancer and genetic disorders such as trisomy 21 in down's syndrome. in contrast, aneuploidy can also be advantageous and in fungi confers antifungal drug resistance and enables rapid adaptive evolution. we report here that sexual reproduction generates phenotypic and genotypic diversity in the human pathogenic yeast cryptococcus neoformans, which is globally distributed and commonly infects individuals w ... | 2013 | 24058295 |
| multifocal cryptococcus neoformans var. neoforms: infection, treatment, and monitoring by serial computed tomography in a schmidt's red-tailed guenon (cercopithecus ascanius schmidti). | a 9-yr-old, female, intact schmidt's red-tailed guenon (cercopithecus ascanius schmidti) presented with an acute swelling, consistent with an abscess over the right hip. cytology, culture, and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) results from material within the abscess and serum titers were all indicative of a cryptococcus neoformans infection. thoracic radiographs and computed tomography (ct) revealed a consolidated right caudal lung lobe associated with an endobronchial mass. pulmonary cryptococcu ... | 2013 | 24063102 |
| insights on the genotype distribution among cryptococcus neoformans and c. gattii portuguese clinical isolates. | this study provides a comprehensive picture of the c. neoformans/c. gattii molecular types most often associated with human cryptococcosis in portugal and assesses the impact of c. gattii in these infections. one hundred and twenty-two clinical isolates, from distinct patients, were identified as c. neoformans and genotyped by ura5-rflp, with the molecular types vni (45.5 %) and vniii (30.9 %) being the most commonly found ones. the molecular types vnii (11.4 %) and vniv (11.4 %) were less abund ... | 2014 | 24077953 |
| stress signaling pathways for the pathogenicity of cryptococcus. | sensing, responding, and adapting to the surrounding environment are crucial for all living organisms to survive, proliferate, and differentiate in their biological niches. this ability is also essential for cryptococcus neoformans and its sibling species cryptococcus gattii, as these pathogens have saprobic and parasitic life cycles in natural and animal host environments. the ability of cryptococcus to cause fatal meningoencephalitis is highly related to its capability to remodel and optimize ... | 2013 | 24078305 |
| biologically active secondary metabolites from asphodelus microcarpus. | bioassay guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of asphodelus microcarpus salzm.et vivi (asphodelaceae) resulted in the isolation of one new metabolite, 1,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-2-naphthoic acid (1) as well as nine known compounds: asphodelin (2), chrysophanol (3), 8-methoxychrysophanol (4), emodin (5), 2-acetyl-1,8-dimethoxy-3-methylnaphthalene (6), 10-(chrysophanol-7'-yl)-10-hydroxychrysophanol-9-anthrone (7), aloesaponol-iii-8-methyl ether (8), ramosin (9) and aestivin (10). the compound ... | 2013 | 24079182 |
| central nervous system and cryptococcus neoformans. | 2013 | 24083226 | |
| ordered kinetochore assembly in the human-pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast cryptococcus neoformans. | kinetochores facilitate interaction between chromosomes and the spindle apparatus. the formation of a metazoan trilayered kinetochore is an ordered event in which inner, middle, and outer layers assemble during disassembly of the nuclear envelope during mitosis. the existence of a similar strong correlation between kinetochore assembly and nuclear envelope breakdown in unicellular eukaryotes is unclear. studies in the hemiascomycetous budding yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida albicans ... | 2013 | 24085781 |
| antifungal dimeric chalcone derivative kamalachalcone e from mallotus philippinensis. | from the red coloured extract (kamala) prepared through acetone extraction of the fresh whole uncrushed fruits of mallotus philippinensis, one new dimeric chalcone (1) along with three known compounds 1-(5,7-dihydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-2h-1-benzopyran-8-yl)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-one (2), rottlerin (3) and 4'-hydroxyrottlerin (4) were isolated. the structure of compound 1 was elucidated by 1d and 2d nmr analyses that included hsqc, hmbc, cosy and roesy experiments along with the literature comparison ... | 2014 | 24099509 |
| genomic identification of potential targets unique to candida albicans for the discovery of antifungal agents. | despite of modern antifungal therapy, the mortality rates of invasive infection with human fungal pathogen candida albicans are up to 40%. studies suggest that drug resistance in the three most common species of human fungal pathogens viz., c. albicans, aspergillus fumigatus (causing mortality rate up to 90%) and cryptococcus neoformans (causing mortality rate up to 70%) is due to mutations in the target enzymes or high expression of drug transporter genes. drug resistance in human fungal pathog ... | 2014 | 24102473 |
| symptomatic relapse of hiv-associated cryptococcal meningitis: recurrent cryptococcal meningitis or cryptococcus-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome? | cryptococcosis, a significant opportunistic infection, has become a global concern since the advent of immunosuppressive chemotherapy or in immunodeficient patients. host responses range from a harmless colonization to disseminated disease. an accurate or definitive diagnosis in patients with cryptococcal meningitis is often delayed because of the similar clinical presentation and biochemical or cerebrospinal fluid findings to those of a variety of infectious and non-infectious aetiologies, most ... | 2014 | 24108453 |
| relevance of intracranial hypertension control in the management of cryptococcus neoformans meningitis related to aids. | to evaluate the relationship between intracranial hyperpressure (hicp) and mortality in patients with cryptococcal meningitis related to aids (cmra). | 2013 | 24122543 |
| fungal alternative splicing is associated with multicellular complexity and virulence: a genome-wide multi-species study. | alternative splicing (as) is a cellular process that increases a cell's coding capacity from a limited set of genes. although as is common in higher plants and animals, its prevalence in other eukaryotes is mostly unknown. in fungi the involvement of as in gene expression and its effect on multi-cellularity and virulence is of great medical and economic interest. we present a genome-wide comparative study of as in 23 informative fungi of different taxa, based on alignments of public transcript s ... | 2014 | 24122896 |
| cryptococcosis: epidemiology, fungal resistance, and new alternatives for treatment. | cryptococcosis is an important systemic mycosis and the third most prevalent disease in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive individuals. the incidence of cryptococcosis is high among the 25 million people with hiv/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), with recent estimates indicating that there are one million cases of cryptococcal meningitis globally per year in aids patients. in cryptococcus neoformans, resistance to azoles may be associated with alterations in the target enzyme e ... | 2013 | 24141976 |
| simultaneous coinfection with cryptococcus neoformans and mycobacterium tuberculosis in an adult. | 2014 | 24149279 | |
| human natural killer cells acting as phagocytes against candida albicans and mounting an inflammatory response that modulates neutrophil antifungal activity. | natural killer (nk) cells are innate lymphocytes with potent cytotoxic activity. whereas activity of nk cells has been demonstrated against the fungal pathogens aspergillus fumigatus and cryptococcus neoformans, little was known about their interaction with candida albicans. | 2014 | 24163416 |
| identification and characterization of cryptococcus neoformans protein fractions that induce protective immune responses. | cryptococcus neoformans, the main causative agent of cryptococcosis, is a fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients. to date, there is no vaccine or immunotherapy approved to treat cryptococcosis. cell- and antibody-mediated immune responses collaborate to mediate optimal protection against c. neoformans infections. accordingly, we identified cryptococcal protein fractions capable of stimulating cell- and antibody-mediated immune responses and ... | 2013 | 24170628 |
| rnai function, diversity, and loss in the fungal kingdom. | rnai is conserved and has been studied in a broad cross-section of the fungal kingdom, including neurospora crassa, schizosaccharomyces pombe, cryptococcus neoformans, and mucor circinelloides. and yet well known species, including the model yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and the plant pathogen ustilago maydis, have lost rnai, providing insights and opportunities to illuminate benefits conferred both by the presence of rnai and its loss. some of the earliest studies of rnai were conducted in neu ... | 2013 | 24173579 |
| the seasonal variation of the chemical composition of essential oils from porcelia macrocarpa r.e. fries (annonaceae) and their antimicrobial activity. | this study investigates the impact of seasonal variation on the chemical composition of essential oils from the leaves of porcelia macrocarpa (annonaceae) obtained over the course of one year (january-december 2011) and the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the ripe fruits of the same plant. furthermore, the essential oils of the leaves were investigated with respect to their antimicrobial activity. the essential oils of the leaves contain a mixture of monoterpenes, one di ... | 2013 | 24189296 |
| [cryptococcal infection and sarcoidosis: a coincidence?]. | we report a case of cryptococcal infection that underwent in a patient with a medical history of asymptomatic sarcoidosis. this finding seems to be not incidental. | 2014 | 24210157 |
| effect of stereochemistry, chain length and sequence pattern on antimicrobial properties of short synthetic β-sheet forming peptide amphiphiles. | in the face of mounting global antibiotics resistance, the identification and development of membrane-active antimicrobial peptides (amps) as an alternative class of antimicrobial agent have gained significant attention. the physical perturbation and disruption of microbial membranes by the amps have been proposed to be an effective means to overcome conventional mechanisms of drug resistance. recently, we have reported the design of a series of short synthetic β-sheet folding peptide amphiphile ... | 2014 | 24211081 |
| first report on cryptococcus neoformans in pigeon excreta from public and residential locations in the metropolitan area of cuiabá, state of mato grosso, brazil. | cryptococcosis is a severe systemic mycosis caused by two species of cryptococcus that affect humans and animals: c. neoformans and c. gattii. cosmopolitan and emergent, the mycosis results from the interaction between a susceptible host and the environment. the occurrence of c. neoformans was evaluated in 122 samples of dried pigeon excreta collected in 49 locations in the city of cuiabá, state of mato grosso, brazil, including public squares (n = 5), churches (n = 4), educational institutions ... | 2017 | 24213188 |
| the acid-catalysed synthesis of 7-azaindoles from 3-alkynyl-2-aminopyridines and their antimicrobial activity. | the synthesis of 7-azaindoles from 3-alkynyl-2-aminopyridines using acidic conditions, namely, a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid (tfa) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (tfaa), is described. this methodology resulted in the synthesis of fifteen 7-azaindoles, with most containing substituents at the 2- and 5-positions. the majority of these were tested for antimicrobial activity against a range of bacteria and yeasts. the 7-azaindoles displayed the best activity against the yeasts, particularly again ... | 2014 | 24225656 |
| chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from the edible aromatic plant aristolochia delavayi. | the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of aristolochia delavayi franch. (aristolochiaceae), a unique edible aromatic plant consumed by the nakhi (naxi) people in yunnan, china, was investigated using gc/ms analysis. in total, 95 components, representing more than 95% of the oil composition, were identified, and the main constituents found were (e)-dec-2-enal (52.0%), (e)-dodec-2-enal (6.8%), dodecanal (3.35%), heptanal (2.88%), and decanal (2.63%). the essential oi ... | 2013 | 24243612 |
| highlights in pathogenic fungal biofilms. | a wide variety of fungi have demonstrated the ability to colonize surfaces and form biofilms. most studies on fungal biofilms have focused on candida albicans and more recently, several authors have reported the involvement of other genera of yeasts and candida species, as well as of filamentous fungi in the formation of biofilms, including: cryptococcus neoformans, cryptococcus gattii, rhodotorula species, aspergillus fumigatus, malassezia pachydermatis, histoplasma capsulatum, paracoccidioides ... | 2014 | 24252828 |
| the er stress response and host temperature adaptation in the human fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans. | in all eukaryotic cells, the er stress response is pivotal to survival and adaptation under stress conditions. during temperature adaptation in the human fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans, er stress is engaged transiently. studies of this response have demonstrated that both the engagement (turning on the response), as well as the resolution (turning off the response) are required for temperature adaptation and, therefore, pathogenesis. in this review, we synthesize our current understandi ... | 2014 | 24253500 |
| unsplicer: mapping spliced rna-seq reads in compact genomes and filtering noisy splicing. | accurate mapping of spliced rna-seq reads to genomic dna has been known as a challenging problem. despite significant efforts invested in developing efficient algorithms, with the human genome as a primary focus, the best solution is still not known. a recently introduced tool, truesight, has demonstrated better performance compared with earlier developed algorithms such as tophat and mapsplice. to improve detection of splice junctions, truesight uses information on statistical patterns of nucle ... | 2014 | 24259430 |
| cryptococcus gattii infections: contemporary aspects of epidemiology, clinical manifestations and management of infection. | cryptococcus gattii is an important primary and opportunistic pathogen, predominantly causing meningoencephalitis and pulmonary disease with substantial mortality. initially considered geographically restricted to immune-competent, highly exposed individuals in the tropics, an apparent epidemic in north america has led to new perspectives on its ecology, epidemiology and clinical associations, which are distinct from its sibling species cryptococcus neoformans. the role of c. gattii molecular ge ... | 2013 | 24266360 |
| secondary metabolites from the fungus emericella nidulans. | a new polyketide derivative koninginin h (1), has been isolated from the fungus emericella nidulans, together with koninginin e (2), koninginin a (3), trichodermatide b (4), citrantifidiol (5), (4s,5r)-4-hydroxy-5-methylfuran-2-one (6), the glycerol derivatives gingerglycolipid b (7), (2s)-bis[9z,12z]-1-o, 2-o-dilinoleoyl-3-o-[alpha-d-galactopyranosyl-(1" --> 6') beta-d-galactopyranosyl]glycerol (8), (2s)-bis[9z,12z]-1-o, 2-o-dilinoleoyl-3-o-beta-d-galactopyranosylglycerol (9), the cerebroside f ... | 2013 | 24273867 |
| dysbiosis of gut fungal microbiota is associated with mucosal inflammation in crohn's disease. | we aim to characterize the fungal microbiota in the intestinal mucosa and feces in patients with crohn's disease (cd). | 2014 | 24275714 |
| global molecular epidemiology of cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii: an atlas of the molecular types. | cryptococcosis is a fungal disease affecting more than one million people per year worldwide. the main etiological agents of cryptococcosis are the two sibling species cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii that present numerous differences in geographical distribution, ecological niches, epidemiology, pathobiology, clinical presentation and molecular characters. genotyping of the two cryptococcus species at subspecies level supplies relevant information to understand how this fungus ha ... | 2013 | 24278784 |
| three bioactive cyclic dipeptides from the bacillus sp. n strain associated with entomopathogenic nematode. | in continuation of our search for new bioactive secondary metabolites from bacillus cereus associated with entomopathogenic nematode (epn), three cyclic dipeptides (cdps), cyclo(l-leu-d-arg) (1), cyclo(2-hydroxy-pro-l-leu) (2), and cyclo(l-val-l-pro) (3) were purified from the ethyl acetate extract of b. cereus. the chemical structure of the compounds was identified by 1d, 2d nmr and hr-esi-ms. cyclo(l-leu-d-arg) recorded best antifungal activity and the highest activity was recorded against cry ... | 2014 | 24291459 |
| meningitis due to cryptococcus gattii in an immunocompetent patient. | the incidence of cryptococcal infection is high in developing countries such as india. cryptococcus gattii, formerly known as cryptococcus neoformans var gattii, is an encapsulated yeast that causes disease in both immunocompetent and immunosupressed individuals. the organism enters via respiratory tract and causes a spectrum of illness ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe illness, including pneumonia and disseminated infection involving multiple sites, including the central nervous sys ... | 2013 | 24298497 |
| artemisinins: pharmacological actions beyond anti-malarial. | artemisinins are a family of sesquiterpene trioxane lactone anti-malarial agents originally derived from artemisia annua l. the anti-malarial action of artemisinins involves the formation of free radicals via cleavage of the endoperoxide bond in its structure, which mediate eradication of the plasmodium species. with its established safety record in millions of malarial patients, artemisinins are also being investigated in diseases like infections, cancers and inflammation. artemisinins have bee ... | 2014 | 24316259 |
| full characterization of the cu-, zn-, and cd-binding properties of cnmt1 and cnmt2, two metallothioneins of the pathogenic fungus cryptococcus neoformans acting as virulence factors. | we report here the full characterization of the metal binding abilities of cnmt1 and cnmt2, two cryptococcus neoformans proteins recently identified as metallothioneins (mts), which have been shown to play a crucial role in the virulence and pathogenicity of this human-infecting fungus. in this work, we first performed a thorough in silico study of the cnmt1 and cnmt2 genes, cdnas and corresponding encoded products. subsequently, the zn(ii)-, cd(ii)- and cu(i) binding abilities of both proteins ... | 2014 | 24317230 |
| determinants of mortality in a combined cohort of 501 patients with hiv-associated cryptococcal meningitis: implications for improving outcomes. | cryptococcal meningitis (cm) is a leading cause of death in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). identifying factors associated with mortality informs strategies to improve outcomes. | 2014 | 24319084 |
| the cryptococcus neoformans rim101 transcription factor directly regulates genes required for adaptation to the host. | the rim101 protein is a conserved ph-responsive transcription factor that mediates important interactions between several fungal pathogens and the infected host. in the human fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans, the rim101 protein retains conserved functions to allow the microorganism to respond to changes in ph and other host stresses. this coordinated cellular response enables this fungus to effectively evade the host immune response. preliminary studies suggest that this conserved transcr ... | 2014 | 24324006 |
| interleukin-17a enhances host defense against cryptococcal lung infection through effects mediated by leukocyte recruitment, activation, and gamma interferon production. | infection of c57bl/6 mice with the moderately virulent cryptococcus neoformans strain 52d models the complex adaptive immune response observed in hiv-negative patients with persistent fungal lung infections. in this model, th1 and th2 responses evolve over time, yet the contribution of interleukin-17a (il-17a) to antifungal host defense is unknown. in this study, we show that fungal lung infection promoted an increase in th17 t cells that persisted to 8 weeks postinfection. our comparison of fun ... | 2014 | 24324191 |
| role of the apt1 protein in polysaccharide secretion by cryptococcus neoformans. | flippases are key regulators of membrane asymmetry and secretory mechanisms. vesicular polysaccharide secretion is essential for the pathogenic mechanisms of cryptococcus neoformans. on the basis of the observations that flippases are required for polysaccharide secretion in plants and the putative apt1 flippase is required for cryptococcal virulence, we analyzed the role of this enzyme in polysaccharide release by c. neoformans, using a previously characterized apt1δ mutant. mutant and wild-typ ... | 2014 | 24337112 |
| balancing stability and flexibility within the genome of the pathogen cryptococcus neoformans. | 2013 | 24348244 | |
| isolation of major components from the roots of godmania aesculifolia and determination of their antifungal activities. | from the methanol root extract of godmania aesculifolia, a species selected in a multinational oas program aimed at discovering antifungal compounds from latin american plants, a new chavicol diglycoside (1), the known 3,4-dihydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2h)-one (2), and lapachol (3) were isolated and characterized by 1d and 2d nmr and ms techniques. only 3 exhibited fairly good activity against a panel of clinical isolates of cryptococcus neoformans (mic50 between 7. ... | 2013 | 24356871 |
| reactive oxygen species-inducing antifungal agents and their activity against fungal biofilms. | invasive fungal infections are associated with very high mortality rates ranging from 20-90% for opportunistic fungal pathogens such as candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans and aspergillus fumigatus. fungal resistance to antimycotic treatment can be genotypic (due to resistant strains) as well as phenotypic (due to more resistant fungal lifestyles, such as biofilms). with regard to the latter, biofilms are considered to be critical in the development of invasive fungal infections. however, ... | 2014 | 24358949 |
| [cryptococcal meningitis in patients with diabetes and aids]. | cryptococcal meningitis is a severe aids-related infectious disease, with a high mortality rate. diabetes mellitus (dm) is a metabolic disorder very common worldwide. infectious diseases in diabetic patients are always more severe than in non-diabetic ones. the aim of this study was to compare the outcome of a group of hiv-positive patients with dm and cryptococcal meningitis with a similar group hiv-positive patients with cryptococcal meningitis, but without dm. | 2014 | 24365474 |
| cryptococcus gatti serotype b isolated in sikkim (north-east india)-a new geographical niche. | cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gatti both cause infection in immunocompromised patients. we report a case of meningitis with c. gatti in an aids patient. this case to our knowledge is the first case of c. gatti being reported from sikkim (north east india). | 2012 | 24371730 |
| interaction of surface molecules on cryptococcus neoformans with plasminogen. | microbial pathogens are known to express molecules that interact with host proteins, leading to invasion and colonization. for example, some pathogenic microorganisms express proteins that bind to and enhance the activity of plasminogen. in this way, pathogens utilize the host fibrinolytic system to promote invasion. we found that triosephosphate isomerase (tpi), a glycolytic enzyme produced by staphylococcus aureus, bound to mannooligosaccharides from the pathogenic capsulated fungus cryptococc ... | 2014 | 24373348 |
| cryptococcus neoformans: historical curiosity to modern pathogen. | the importance of the basidiomycete cryptococcus neoformans to human health has stimulated its development as an experimental model for both basic physiology and pathogenesis. we briefly review the history of this fascinating and versatile fungus, some notable aspects of its biology that contribute to virulence, and current tools available for its study. | 2014 | 24375706 |
| quorum sensing-mediated, cell density-dependent regulation of growth and virulence in cryptococcus neoformans. | quorum sensing (qs) is a cell density-dependent mechanism of communication between microorganisms, characterized by the release of signaling molecules that affect microbial metabolism and gene expression in a synchronized way. in this study, we investigated cell density-dependent behaviors mediated by conditioned medium (cm) in the pathogenic encapsulated fungus cryptococcus neoformans. cm produced dose-dependent increases in the growth of planktonic and biofilm cells, glucuronoxylomannan releas ... | 2013 | 24381301 |
| the cellular roles of ccr4-not in model and pathogenic fungi-implications for fungal virulence. | the fungal ccr4-not complex has been implicated in orchestrating gene expression networks that impact on pathways key for virulence in pathogenic species. the activity of ccr4-not regulates cell wall integrity, antifungal drug susceptibility, adaptation to host temperature, and the developmental switches that enable the formation of pathogenic structures, such as filamentous hyphae. moreover, ccr4-not impacts on dna repair pathways and genome stability, opening the possibility that this gene reg ... | 2013 | 24391665 |
| differentiation of the emerging human pathogens trichosporon asahii and trichosporon asteroides from other pathogenic yeasts and moulds by using species-specific monoclonal antibodies. | the fungal genus trichosporon contains emerging opportunistic pathogens of humans, and is the third most commonly isolated non-candidal yeast from humans. trichosporon asahii and t. asteroides are the most important species causing disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients, while inhalation of t. asahii spores is the most important cause of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis in healthy individuals. trichosporonosis is misdiagnosed as candidiasis or cryptococcosis due to a lack of ... | 2014 | 24392156 |
| fungal central nervous system infections: prevalence and diagnosis. | fungal infections of the central nervous system (cns) are rare but they pose a significant challenge. their prevalence spans a wide array of hosts including immunosuppressed and immunocompetent individuals, patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures and those carrying implantable cns devices. cryptococcus neoformans and aspergillus spp. remain the most common pathogens. magnetic resonance imaging can help localize the lesions, but diagnosis is challenging since invasive procedures may be neede ... | 2014 | 24392732 |
| increased permeability of blood-brain barrier is mediated by serine protease during cryptococcus meningitis. | to determine the role of serine protease in the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (bbb) during cryptococcus neoformans meningitis. | 2014 | 24398759 |
| [cryptococcosis in hematology practice]. | to study the clinical manifestations of cryptococcosis, its diagnostic features, and treatment results in patients with hemoblastoses. | 2013 | 24432598 |
| hsp90-dependent regulatory circuitry controlling temperature-dependent fungal development and virulence. | the pathogenic fungi candida albicans, aspergillus fumigatus, and cryptococcus neoformans are an increasing cause of human mortality, especially in immunocompromised populations. during colonization and adaptation to various host environments, these fungi undergo morphogenetic alterations that allow for survival within the host. one key environmental cue driving morphological changes is external temperature. the hsp90 chaperone protein provides one mechanism to link temperature with the signalli ... | 2014 | 24438186 |
| molecular epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of serbian cryptococcus neoformans isolates. | molecular typing and antifungal susceptibility testing of 34 clinical serbian cryptococcus neoformans isolates from 25 patients was retrospectively performed. amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) fingerprinting was used for genotyping, whereas a novel real-time pcr was used to determine the mating- and serotype. the antifungals amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole and posaconazole were used to determine the antifungal susceptibility profiles. the maj ... | 2014 | 24438323 |
| ph signaling in human fungal pathogens: a new target for antifungal strategies. | fungi are exposed to broadly fluctuating environmental conditions, to which adaptation is crucial for their survival. an ability to respond to a wide ph range, in particular, allows them to cope with rapid changes in their extracellular settings. pacc/rim signaling elicits the primary ph response in both model and pathogenic fungi and has been studied in multiple fungal species. in the predominant human pathogenic fungi, namely, candida albicans, aspergillus fumigatus, and cryptococcus neoforman ... | 2014 | 24442891 |
| [current aspects of neuromeningeal cryptococcosis in adults infected with hiv in the internal medicine service of the university hospital of treichville abidjan (cote d'ivoire)]. | to determine the prevalence of neuromeningeal cryptococcosis (nmc) and reporting sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical aspects and outcome of patients. | 2011 | 24451495 |
| mathematical modeling predicts enhanced growth of x-ray irradiated pigmented fungi. | ionizing radiation is known for its cytotoxic and mutagenic properties. however, recent evidence suggests that chronic sub-lethal irradiation stimulates the growth of melanin-pigmented (melanized) fungi, supporting the hypothesis that interactions between melanin and ionizing photons generate energy useful for fungal growth, and/or regulate growth-promoting genes. there are no quantitative models of how fungal proliferation is affected by ionizing photon energy, dose rate, and presence versus ab ... | 2014 | 24454887 |
| proteomic profile of cryptococcus neoformans biofilm reveals changes in metabolic processes. | cryptococcus neoformans, a pathogenic yeast, causes meningoencephalitis, especially in immunocompromised patients, leading in some cases to death. microbes in biofilms can cause persistent infections, which are harder to treat. cryptococcal biofilms are becoming common due to the growing use of brain valves and other medical devices. using shotgun proteomics we determine the differences in protein abundance between biofilm and planktonic cells. applying bioinformatic tools, we also evaluated the ... | 2014 | 24467693 |
| defect of card9 leads to impaired accumulation of gamma interferon-producing memory phenotype t cells in lungs and increased susceptibility to pulmonary infection with cryptococcus neoformans. | caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (card9) is an adaptor molecule signal that is critical for nf-κb activation and is triggered through c-type lectin receptors (clrs), which are pattern recognition receptors that recognize carbohydrate structures. previous studies have reported that cryptococcus neoformans, a fungal pathogen that causes meningoencephalitis in aids patients, is recognized through some clrs, such as mannose receptors or dc-sign. however, the role of card9 in the host ... | 2014 | 24470469 |
| kinetics of hiv-1 in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in cryptococcal meningitis. | in order to determine hiv-1 kinetics in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and plasma in patients with cryptococcal meningitis (cm), we undertook a prospective collection of paired csf/plasma samples from antiretroviral therapy-free hiv-infected patients with cm. samples were obtained at baseline (s1) and at the second (s2) and third (s3) weeks of antifungal therapy. hiv-1 csf concentrations were significantly lower in both s2 and s3 with respect to s1. plasma concentrations remained stable. hiv-1 concen ... | 2012 | 24470944 |
| environmental isolation, biochemical identification, and antifungal drug susceptibility of cryptococcus species. | the incidence of opportunistic fungal infections has increased in recent years and is considered an important public health problem. among systemic and opportunistic mycoses, cryptococcosis is distinguished by its clinical importance due to the increased risk of infection in individuals infected by human immunodeficiency virus. | 2014 | 24474019 |
| il-4 receptor-alpha-dependent control of cryptococcus neoformans in the early phase of pulmonary infection. | cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes lung inflammation and meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised people. previously we showed that mice succumb to intranasal infection by induction of pulmonary interleukin (il)-4rα-dependent type 2 immune responses, whereas il-12-dependent type 1 responses confer resistance. in the experiments presented here, il-4rα⁻/⁻ mice unexpectedly show decreased fungal control early upon infection with c. neoformans, whereas wild-type ... | 2014 | 24475277 |
| fbp1-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome pathway controls cryptococcus neoformans virulence by regulating fungal intracellular growth in macrophages. | cryptococcus neoformans is a human fungal pathogen that often causes lung and brain infections in immunocompromised patients, with a high fatality rate. our previous results showed that an f-box protein, fbp1, is essential for cryptococcus virulence independent of the classical virulence factors, suggesting a novel virulence control mechanism. in this study, we show that fbp1 is part of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and we further investigated the mechanism of fbp1 function during infection. ... | 2014 | 24478071 |
| impact of surfactant protein d, interleukin-5, and eosinophilia on cryptococcosis. | cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that initiates infection following inhalation. as a result, the pulmonary immune response provides a first line of defense against c. neoformans. surfactant protein d (sp-d) is an important regulator of pulmonary immune responses and is typically host protective against bacterial and viral respiratory infections. however, sp-d is not protective against c. neoformans. this is evidenced by previous work from our laboratory demonstrating t ... | 2014 | 24478083 |
| role of ferric reductases in iron acquisition and virulence in the fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans. | iron acquisition is critical for the ability of the pathogenic yeast cryptococcus neoformans to cause disease in vertebrate hosts. in particular, iron overload exacerbates cryptococcal disease in an animal model, defects in iron acquisition attenuate virulence, and iron availability influences the expression of major virulence factors. c. neoformans acquires iron by multiple mechanisms, including a ferroxidase-permease high-affinity system, siderophore uptake, and utilization of both heme and tr ... | 2014 | 24478097 |
| a multiplex real-time pcr assay for identification of pneumocystis jirovecii, histoplasma capsulatum, and cryptococcus neoformans/cryptococcus gattii in samples from aids patients with opportunistic pneumonia. | a molecular diagnostic technique based on real-time pcr was developed for the simultaneous detection of three of the most frequent causative agents of fungal opportunistic pneumonia in aids patients: pneumocystis jirovecii, histoplasma capsulatum, and cryptococcus neoformans/cryptococcus gattii. this technique was tested in cultured strains and in clinical samples from hiv-positive patients. the methodology used involved species-specific molecular beacon probes targeted to the internal transcrib ... | 2014 | 24478409 |
| proteogenomic analysis of pathogenic yeast cryptococcus neoformans using high resolution mass spectrometry. | cryptococcus neoformans, a basidiomycetous fungus of universal occurrence, is a significant opportunistic human pathogen causing meningitis. owing to an increase in the number of immunosuppressed individuals along with emergence of drug-resistant strains, c. neoformans is gaining importance as a pathogen. although, whole genome sequencing of three varieties of c. neoformans has been completed recently, no global proteomic studies have yet been reported. | 2014 | 24484775 |
| the cryptococcus neoformans transcriptome at the site of human meningitis. | cryptococcus neoformans is the leading cause of fungal meningitis worldwide. previous studies have characterized the cryptococcal transcriptome under various stress conditions, but a comprehensive profile of the c. neoformans transcriptome in the human host has not been attempted. here, we extracted rna from yeast cells taken directly from the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of two aids patients with cryptococcal meningitis prior to antifungal therapy. the patients were infected with strains of c. neo ... | 2014 | 24496797 |
| rna biology and the adaptation of cryptococcus neoformans to host temperature and stress. | cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental fungus that can cause severe disease in humans. c. neoformans encounters a multitude of stresses within the human host to which it must adapt in order to survive and proliferate. upon stressful changes in the external milieu, c. neoformans must reprogram its gene expression to properly respond to and combat stress in order to maintain homeostasis. several studies have investigated the changes that occur in response to these stresses to begin to unravel ... | 2016 | 24497369 |
| inhibition of nucleotide biosynthesis potentiates the antifungal activity of amphotericin b. | the polyene antifungal agent amphotericin b exhibits potent and broad spectrum fungicidal activity. however, high nephrotoxicity can hinder its administration in resource poor settings. quantification of early fungicidal activity in studies of hiv patients with cryptococcosis demonstrate that 5-fluorocytosine therapy in combination with amphotericin b results in faster clearance than with amphotericin b alone. in vitro synergy between the two drugs has also been reported but the mechanism by whi ... | 2014 | 24498052 |
| [cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii meningoencephalitis with cryptococcoma in an immunocompetent patient successfully treated by surgical resection]. | cryptococcosis is a fungal infection, which mainly invades the lungs and central nervous system. in japan, most cases of cryptococcosis are caused by cryptococcus neoformans(c. neoformans). until now, only three cases which the infectious agent was cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii(c. gattii)have been reported. as compared with cryptococcosis caused by c. neoformans, which is often observed in immunocompromised hosts, cryptococcosis caused by c. gattii occurs predominantly in immunocompetent h ... | 2014 | 24501185 |
| the unfolded protein response (upr) pathway in cryptococcus. | unique and evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways allow an organism to sense, respond to, and adapt to internal and external environmental cues at its biological niche. in eukaryotic cells, the unfolded protein response (upr) pathway regulates endoplasmic reticulum (er) homeostasis upon exposure to environmental changes causing er stress. the upr pathway of cryptococcus neoformans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, which causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised indiv ... | 2014 | 24504058 |
| isolation of a new broad spectrum antifungal polyene from streptomyces sp. mtcc 5680. | a new polyene macrolide antibiotic pn00053 was isolated from the fermentation broth of streptomyces sp. wild-type strain mtcc-5680. the producer strain was isolated from fertile mountain soil of naldehra region, himachal pradesh, india. the compound pn00053 was purified through various steps of chromatographic techniques and bio-activity guided fractionation followed by its characterization using physiochemical properties, spectral data ((1) h-nmr, (13) c-nmr, hmbc, hsqc, and cosy) and ms analys ... | 2014 | 24517845 |
| estrogen receptor antagonists are anti-cryptococcal agents that directly bind ef hand proteins and synergize with fluconazole in vivo. | cryptococcosis is an infectious disease of global significance for which new therapies are needed. repurposing previously developed drugs for new indications can expedite the translation of new therapies from bench to beside. here, we characterized the anti-cryptococcal activity and antifungal mechanism of estrogen receptor antagonists related to the breast cancer drugs tamoxifen and toremifene. tamoxifen and toremifene are fungicidal and synergize with fluconazole and amphotericin b in vitro. i ... | 2014 | 24520056 |
| antifungal chitinase against human pathogenic yeasts from coprinellus congregatus. | the inky cap, coprinellus congregatus, produces mushrooms which become autolyzed rapidly to generate black liquid droplets, in which no cell wall is detected by microscopy. a chitinase (chi2) which is synthesized during the autolytic phase of c. congregatus inhibits the growths of candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans up to 10% at the concentration of 10 μg/ml, about 50% at concentration of 20 μg/ml, and up to 95% at the concentration of 70 μg/ml. upon treatment these yeast cells are obse ... | 2014 | 24535739 |
| treatment of infections due to cryptococcus neoformans with stilbamidine. | 1952 | 24542078 |