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low molecular weight glutenin subunit gene glu-b3h confers superior dough strength and breadmaking quality in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).low molecular weight glutenin subunit is one of the important quality elements in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). although considerable allelic variation has been identified, the functional properties of individual alleles at glu-3 loci are less studied. in this work, we performed the first comprehensive study on the molecular characteristics and functional properties of the glu-b3h gene using the wheat cultivar cb037b and its glu-b3 deletion line cb037c. the results showed that the glu-b3h deleti ...201627273251
genotypic variation in spike fertility traits and ovary size as determinants of floret and grain survival rate in wheat.spike fertility traits are critical attributes for grain yield in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). here, we examine the genotypic variation in three important traits: maximum number of floret primordia, number of fertile florets, and number of grains. we determine their relationship in determining spike fertility in 30 genotypes grown under two contrasting conditions: field and greenhouse. the maximum number of floret primordia per spikelet (mfs), fertile florets per spikelet (ffs), and number of g ...201627279276
rhizotubes as a new tool for high throughput imaging of plant root development and architecture: test, comparison with pot grown plants and validation.in order to maintain high yields while saving water and preserving non-renewable resources and thus limiting the use of chemical fertilizer, it is crucial to select plants with more efficient root systems. this could be achieved through an optimization of both root architecture and root uptake ability and/or through the improvement of positive plant interactions with microorganisms in the rhizosphere. the development of devices suitable for high-throughput phenotyping of root structures remains ...201627279895
molecular and morpho-agronomical characterization of root architecture at seedling and reproductive stages for drought tolerance in wheat.water availability is a major limiting factor for wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production in rain-fed agricultural systems worldwide. root architecture is important for water and nutrition acquisition for all crops, including wheat. a set of 158 diverse wheat genotypes of australian (72) and indian (86) origin were studied for morpho-agronomical traits in field under irrigated and drought stress conditions during 2010-11 and 2011-12.out of these 31 indian wheat genotypes comprising 28 hexaploid ...201627280445
identification of qtls on chromosome 1b for grain quality traits in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the present study was designed considering the importance of grain quality traits, genetic diversity and marker-trait association analysis in wheat. a significant amount of genetic diversity was found for various seed traits though the genotypes included in the study were found structured. the extent of polymorphism was high with a range of 2-13 alleles and average of 6.5 alleles per locus. population structure was detected with 30 unlinked ssrs that divided the population of 92 genotypes in thr ...201627281920
the homologous identification of the stem rust resistance genes rdg5, adf3 and rga1 in the relatives of barley.the barley genes rpg5, rga1 and adf3, which provide a strong resistance to many pathotypes of stem rust, were cloned a few years ago, but it was still unclear whether their homologues were represented in wheat and in related species. the paper describes the results of a bioinformatic research to determine the homologues of rpg5, rga1 and adf3 in the genomes of triticum aestivum and several wild grasses, which breeders usually use as sources of stem rust resistance, and which are available in the ...201627281921
the metabolite pathway between bundle sheath and mesophyll: quantification of plasmodesmata in leaves of c3 and c4 monocots.c4 photosynthesis is characterized by a co2-concentrating mechanism between mesophyll (m) and bundle sheath (bs) cells of leaves. this generates high metabolic fluxes between these cells, through interconnecting plasmodesmata (pd). quantification of these symplastic fluxes for modeling studies requires accurate quantification of pd, which has proven difficult using transmission electron microscopy. our new quantitative technique combines scanning electron microscopy and 3d immunolocalization in ...201627288224
evolution of gene duplication in plants.ancient duplication events and a high rate of retention of extant pairs of duplicate genes have contributed to an abundance of duplicate genes in plant genomes. these duplicates have contributed to the evolution of novel functions, such as the production of floral structures, induction of disease resistance, and adaptation to stress. additionally, recent whole-genome duplications that have occurred in the lineages of several domesticated crop species, including wheat (triticum aestivum), cotton ...201627288366
transcriptome profiling of the salt-stress response in triticum aestivum cv. kharchia local.kharchia local wheat variety is an indian salt tolerant land race known for its tolerance to salinity. however, there is a lack of detailed information regarding molecular mechanism imparting tolerance to high salinity in this bread wheat. in the present study, differential root transcriptome analysis identifying salt stress responsive gene networks and functional annotation under salt stress in kharchia local was performed. a total of 453,882 reads were obtained after quality filtering, using r ...201627293111
effect of recurrent selection on drought tolerance and related morpho-physiological traits in bread wheat.drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting wheat yield. a recurrent selection program was conducted to improve the drought tolerance and yield of bread wheat using drought tolerant advanced breeding lines from a drought tolerant x susceptible cross (hi 1500 x huw 510). the parental lines were evaluated for yield, biomass and harvest index (hi) in addition to the drought adaptive traits like canopy temperature (ct), chlorophyll content and normalized difference vegetative index (ndvi) ...201627300000
diversification of the homoeologous lr34 sequences in polyploid wheat species and their diploid progenitors.allopolyploidization induces a multiple processes of genomic reorganization, including the structurally functional diversification of the homoeologous genes. an example of such diversification is the appearance of the lr34 gene on chromosome 7d of bread wheat t. aestivum (bad), the gene conferring durable, race non-specific protection against three fungal pathogens. in this study, we focused on the variability of a functionally critical region between exons 10-12 of lr34 among diploid progenitor ...201627300207
barley yellow dwarf virus infection and elevated co2 alter the antioxidants ascorbate and glutathione in wheat.plant antioxidants ascorbate and glutathione play an important role in regulating potentially harmful reactive oxygen species produced in response to virus infection. barley yellow dwarf virus is a widespread viral pathogen that systemically infects cereal crops including wheat, barley and oats. in addition, rising atmospheric co2 will alter plant growth and metabolism, including many potential but not well understood effects on plant-virus interactions. in order to better understand the wheat-b ...201627302010
development and validation of kasp assays for genes underpinning key economic traits in bread wheat.we developed and validated a robust marker toolkit for high-throughput and cost-effective screening of a large number of functional genes in wheat. functional markers (fms) are the most valuable markers for crop breeding programs, and high-throughput genotyping for fms could provide an excellent opportunity to effectively practice marker-assisted selection while breeding cultivars. here we developed and validated kompetitive allele-specific pcr (kasp) assays for genes that underpin economically ...201627306516
genomic prediction models for grain yield of spring bread wheat in diverse agro-ecological zones.genomic and pedigree predictions for grain yield and agronomic traits were carried out using high density molecular data on a set of 803 spring wheat lines that were evaluated in 5 sites characterized by several environmental co-variables. seven statistical models were tested using two random cross-validations schemes. two other prediction problems were studied, namely predicting the lines' performance at one site with another (pairwise-site) and at untested sites (leave-one-site-out). grain yie ...201627311707
functional studies of heading date-related gene taprr73, a paralog of ppd1 in common wheat.photoperiod response-related genes play a crucial role in duration of the plant growth. in this study, we focused on taprr73, a paralog of "green revolution" gene ppd1 (taprr37). we found that overexpression of the truncated taprr73 form lacking part of the n-terminal pr domain in transgenic rice promoted heading under long day conditions. association analysis in common wheat verified that taprr73 was an important agronomic photoperiod response gene that significantly affected heading date and p ...201627313595
gibberellins regulate the stem elongation rate without affecting the mature plant height of a quick development mutant of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).gibberellin (ga) is essential for determining plant height. alteration of ga content or ga signaling results in a dwarf or slender phenotype. here, we characterized a novel wheat mutant, quick development (qd), in which ga regulates stem elongation but does not affect mature plant height. qd and wild-type plants did not exhibit phenotypic differences at the seedling stage. from jointing to heading stage, qd plants were taller than wild-type plants due to elongated cells. however, wild-type and q ...201627317908
the multifarious pgpr serratia marcescens cdp-13 augments induced systemic resistance and enhanced salinity tolerance of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the present study demonstrates the plant growth promoting (pgp) potential of a bacterial isolate cdp-13 isolated from 'capparis decidua' plant, and its ability to protect plants from the deleterious effect of biotic and abiotic stressors. based on 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, the isolate was identified as serratia marcescens. among the pgp traits, the isolate was found to be positive for acc deaminase activity, phosphate solubilization, production of siderophore, indole acetic acid productio ...201627322827
corrigendum morphological and sequence-related amplified polymorphism-based molecular diversity of local and exotic wheat genotypes - genet. mol. res. 15 (2): gmr.15027484.the correction is only in the name of the species studied and should be triticum aestivum, instead of triticum sativum.201627323047
genetic and epigenetic alterations induced by different levels of rye genome integration in wheat recipient.the narrow genetic variation present in common wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties has greatly restricted the improvement of crop yield in modern breeding systems. alien addition lines have proven to be an effective means to broaden the genetic diversity of common wheat. wheat-rye addition lines, which are the direct bridge materials for wheat improvement, have been wildly used to produce new wheat cultivars carrying alien rye germplasm. in this study, we investigated the genetic and epigenetic ...201627323191
engineering the 1bs chromosome arm in wheat to remove the rf (multi) locus restoring male fertility in cytoplasms of aegilops kotschyi, ae. uniaristata and ae. mutica.by removing the rf (multi) locus from chromosome 1bs of wheat via chromosome engineering we were able to generate a resource for the production of male sterile wheats in three new cytoplasms. cytoplasmic male sterility is an essential component in the development of many hybrid crops. in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) only the cytoplasm of t. timopheevi cytoplasm has been extensively tested even though many other cytoplasms are also known to produce male sterility. among them are the cytoplasms of ...201627325523
molecular characterization of three gibberellin-insensitive dwarf2 homologous genes in common wheat.f-box protein is a core component of the ubiquitin e3 ligase scf complex and is involved in the gibberellin (ga) signaling pathway. to elucidate the molecular mechanism of ga signaling in wheat, three homologous gibberellin-insensitive dwarf2 genes, tagid2s, were isolated from the chinese spring wheat variety. a subcellular localization assay in onion epidermal cells and arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts showed that tagid2s are localized in the nuclei. the expression profiles using quantitative ...201627327160
cdna library enrichment of full length transcripts for smrt long read sequencing.the utility of genome assemblies does not only rely on the quality of the assembled genome sequence, but also on the quality of the gene annotations. the pacific biosciences iso-seq technology is a powerful support for accurate eukaryotic gene model annotation as it allows for direct readout of full-length cdna sequences without the need for noisy short read-based transcript assembly. we propose the implementation of the teloprime full length cdna amplification kit to the pacific biosciences iso ...201627327613
microbial diversity of type i sourdoughs prepared and back-slopped with wholemeal and refined soft (triticum aestivum) wheat flours.the fermentation of type i sourdough was studied for 20 d with daily back-slopping under laboratory and artisan bakery conditions using 1 wholemeal and 2 refined soft wheat (triticum aestivum) flours. the sourdough bacterial and yeast diversity and dynamics were investigated by plate counting and a combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent pcr-dgge approach. the ph, total titrable acidity, and concentration of key organic acids (phytic, lactic, and acetic) were measured. three flo ...201627332783
toxic effect of perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) on germination and seedling growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).as a persistent organic pollutant in the environment, perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) has been extensively investigated. it can accumulate in food chains and in the human body. this work investigated the effect of pfoa on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germination and seedling growth by conducting a germination trial and a pot trial. a stimulatory effect of pfoa on seedling growth and root length of wheat was found at <0.2 mg kg(-1), while >800 mg kg(-1) pfoa inhibited germination rate, index, and r ...201627337433
evolution and distribution of hydrolytic enzyme activities during preharvest sprouting of wheat (triticum aestivum) in the field.to date, research on preharvest sprouted (phs) wheat has mostly been conducted on kernels germinated under laboratory conditions, which differ widely from conditions in the field. to obtain detailed knowledge of the evolution of hydrolytic enzyme activities in phs wheat (triticum aestivum), a broad collection of samples from three varieties was obtained by harvesting before, at, and after maturity. delaying harvest time coupled with periods of heavy rainfall caused sprouting in the kernels, obse ...201627341479
silencing of abcc13 transporter in wheat reveals its involvement in grain development, phytic acid accumulation and lateral root formation.low phytic acid is a trait desired in cereal crops and can be achieved by manipulating the genes involved either in its biosynthesis or its transport in the vacuoles. previously, we have demonstrated that the wheat taabcc13 protein is a functional transporter, primarily involved in heavy metal tolerance, and a probable candidate gene to achieve low phytate wheat. in the current study, rna silencing was used to knockdown the expression of taabcc13 in order to evaluate its functional importance in ...201627342224
cerealsdb 3.0: expansion of resources and data integration.the increase in human populations around the world has put pressure on resources, and as a consequence food security has become an important challenge for the 21st century. wheat (triticum aestivum) is one of the most important crops in human and livestock diets, and the development of wheat varieties that produce higher yields, combined with increased resistance to pests and resilience to changes in climate, has meant that wheat breeding has become an important focus of scientific research. in ...201627342803
toxic effects of graphene on the growth and nutritional levels of wheat (triticum aestivum l.): short- and long-term exposure studies.increased use of graphene materials might lead to their release into the environment. however, only a few studies have investigated the impact of graphene-based materials on green plants. in the present study, effects of graphene on plant roots and shoots after 48h or 30days of hydroponic culture were evaluated to determine its phytotoxicity. results showed that although exposure to graphene (250, 500, 1000 and 1500mgl(-1)) significantly improved root elongation, root hair production was impaire ...201627343870
identification and characterization of silicon efflux transporters in horsetail (equisetum arvense).silicon (si) is a beneficial element to plants, and its absorption via transporters leads to protective effects against biotic and abiotic stresses. in higher plants, two groups of root transporters for si have been identified: influx transporters (lsi1) and efflux transporters (lsi2). lsi1 transporters belong to the nipiii aquaporins, and functional lsi1s have been found in many plants species. much less is known about lsi2s that have been characterized in only a few species. horsetail (equiset ...201627344403
large-scale bioinformatic analysis of the regulation of the disease resistance nbs gene family by micrornas in poaceae.in the present study, we have screened 71, 713, 525, 119 and 241 mature mirna variants from hordeum vulgare, oryza sativa, brachypodium distachyon, triticum aestivum, and sorghum bicolor, respectively, and classified them with respect to their conservation status and expression levels. these poaceae non-redundant mirna species (1,669) were distributed over a total of 625 mir families, among which only 54 were conserved across two or more plant species, confirming the relatively recent evolutiona ...201727349470
molecular genetic analysis of grain protein content and flour whiteness degree using rils in common wheat.grain protein content (gpc) and flour whiteness degree (fwd) are important qualitative traits in common wheat. quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping for gpc and fwd was conducted using a set of 131 recombinant-inbred lines derived from the cross 'chuan 35050 × shannong 483' in six environmental conditions. a total of 22 putative qtls (nine gpc and 13 fwd) were identified on 12 chromosomes with individual qtl explaining 4.5-34.0% phenotypic variation. nine qtls (40.9%) were detected in two or mo ...201627350675
qtl characterization of fusarium head blight resistance in cimmyt bread wheat line soru#1.fusarium head blight (fhb) resistant line soru#1 was hybridized with the german cultivar naxos to generate 131 recombinant inbred lines for qtl mapping. the population was phenotyped for fhb and associated traits in spray inoculated experiments in el batán (mexico), spawn inoculated experiments in ås (norway) and point inoculated experiments in nanjing (china), with two field trials at each location. genotyping was performed with the illumina iselect 90k snp wheat chip, along with a few ssr and ...201627351632
genetic dissection of flag leaf morphology in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under diverse water regimes.morphological traits related to flag leaves are determinant traits influencing plant architecture and yield potential in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). however, little is known regarding their genetic controls under drought stress. one hundred and twenty f8-derived recombinant inbred lines from a cross between two common wheat cultivars longjian 19 and q9086 were developed to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) and to dissect the genetic bases underlying flag leaf width, length, area, length ...201627352616
cultivar mixture cropping increased water use efficiency in winter wheat under limited irrigation conditions.the effects of cultivar mixture cropping on yield, biomass, and water use efficiency (wue) in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were investigated under non-irrigation (w0, no irrigation during growth stage), one time irrigation (w1, irrigation applied at stem elongation) and two times irrigation (w2, irrigation applied at stem elongation and anthesis) conditions. nearly 90% of cultivar mixture cropping treatments experienced an increase in grain yield as compared with the mean of the pure stan ...201627362563
back to the future - tapping into ancient grains for food diversity.einkorn, emmer, and spelt are old wheat species that have fed the world for centuries before they have nearly completely been replaced by modern bread wheat. nowadays, the diversity of these old species lies frozen in gene banks and rare attempts aim to exploit them as a source for genetic diversity in modern wheat breeding. here, we want to raise a debate on a more holistic exploitation of ancient species via their direct introduction to the consumer market as high quality products. although ex ...201627364231
the wheat r2r3-myb transcription factor tarim1 participates in resistance response against the pathogen rhizoctonia cerealis infection through regulating defense genes.the necrotrophic fungus rhizoctonia cerealis is a major pathogen of sharp eyespot that is a devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum). little is known about roles of myb genes in wheat defense response to r. cerealis. in this study, tarim1, a r. cerealis-induced wheat myb gene, was identified by transcriptome analysis, then cloned from resistant wheat ci12633, and its function and preliminary mechanism were studied. sequence analysis showed that tarim1 encodes a r2r3-myb transcription fac ...201627364458
stable isotope-assisted evaluation of different extraction solvents for untargeted metabolomics of plants.the evaluation of extraction protocols for untargeted metabolomics approaches is still difficult. we have applied a novel stable isotope-assisted workflow for untargeted lc-hrms-based plant metabolomics , which allows for the first time every detected feature to be considered for method evaluation. the efficiency and complementarity of commonly used extraction solvents, namely 1 + 3 (v/v) mixtures of water and selected organic solvents (methanol, acetonitrile or methanol/acetonitrile 1 + 1 (v/v) ...201627367667
influence of speed and rainfall on large-scale wheat lodging from 2007 to 2014 in china.strong wind and heavy rain remain the two most important causes of large acreage wheat (triticum aestivum l.) lodging in china. for research the influence of wind speed and rainfall-separately as well as together-on the extent and degree of lodging, five levels of the severity of lodging were defined based on a combination of the lodging area and the degree of tilting. detailed meteorological information was studied on 52 instances of large-scale lodging that occurred from 2007 to 2014. the resu ...201627367926
field scale interaction and nutrient exchange between surface water and shallow groundwater in the baiyang lake region, north china plain.fertilizer input for agricultural food production, as well as the discharge of domestic and industrial water pollutants, increases pressures on locally scarce and vulnerable water resources in the north china plain. in order to: (a) understand pollutant exchange between surface water and groundwater, (b) quantify nutrient loadings, and (c) identify major nutrient removal pathways by using qualitative and quantitative methods, including the geochemical model phreeqc) a one-year study at a wheat ( ...201627372119
comprehensive characterization of c-glycosyl flavones in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germ using uplc-pda-esi/hrmsn and mass defect filtering.a comprehensive characterization of c-glycosyl flavones in wheat germ has been conducted using multi-stage high resolution mass spectrometry (hrmsn ) in combination with a mass defect filtering (mdf) technique. mdf performed the initial search of raw data with defined c-glycosyl flavone mass windows and mass defect windows to generate the noise-reduced data focusing on targeted flavonoids. the high specificity of the exact mass measurement permits the unambiguous discrimination of acyl groups (n ...201627373213
molecular characterization of the ige-binding epitopes in the fast ω-gliadins of triticeae in relation to wheat-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis.fast ω-gliadins were minor components of wheat storage proteins but a major antigen triggering allergy to wheat. sixty-six novel full-length fast ω-gliadin genes with unique characteristics were cloned and sequenced from wheat and its relative species using a pcr-based strategy. their coding regions ranged from 177bp to 987bp in length and encoded 4.28kda to 37.56kda proteins. on the base of first three deduced amino acids at the n-terminal, these genes could be classified into the six subclasse ...201627374148
protective effects of id331 triticum monococcum gliadin on in vitro models of the intestinal epithelium.a growing interest in developing new strategies for preventing coeliac disease has motivated efforts to identify cereals with null or reduced toxicity. in the current study, we investigate the biological effects of id331 triticum monococcum gliadin-derived peptides in human caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. triticum aestivum gliadin derived peptides were employed as a positive control. the effects on epithelial permeability, zonulin release, viability, and cytoskeleton reorganization were inve ...027374565
the potential of hyperspectral patterns of winter wheat to detect changes in soil microbial community composition.reliable information on soil status and crop health is crucial for detecting and mitigating disasters like pollution or minimizing impact from soil-borne diseases. while infestation with an aggressive soil pathogen can be detected via reflected light spectra, it is unknown to what extent hyperspectral reflectance could be used to detect overall changes in soil biodiversity. we tested the hypotheses that spectra can be used to (1) separate plants growing with microbial communities from different ...201627375633
haplotypes of the tags5-a1 gene are associated with thousand-kernel weight in chinese bread wheat.in previous work, we cloned tags5 gene and found the association of tags5-a1 alleles with agronomic traits. in this study, the promoter sequence of the tags5-a1 gene was isolated from bread wheat. sequencing results revealed that a g insertion was found in position -1925 bp of the tags5-a1 gene (reference to atg), which occurred in the sp1 domain of the promoter sequence. combined with previous single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) in the tags5-a1 exon sequence, four genotypes were formed at the ...201627375643
genetic association of stomatal traits and yield in wheat grown in low rainfall environments.in wheat, grain filling is closely related to flag leaf characteristics and function. stomata are specialized leaf epidermal cells which regulate photosynthetic co2 uptake and water loss by transpiration. understanding the mechanisms controlling stomatal size, and their opening under drought, is critical to reduce plant water loss and maintain a high photosynthetic rate which ultimately leads to elevated yield. we applied a leaf imprinting method for rapid and non-destructive phenotyping to expl ...201627378125
decomposition dynamics and changes in chemical composition of wheat straw residue under anaerobic and aerobic conditions.soil aeration is a crucial factor that regulates crop residue decomposition, and the chemical composition of decomposing crop residues may change the forms and availability of soil nutrients, such as n and p. however, to date, differences in the chemical composition of crop straw residues after incorporation into soil and during its decomposition under anaerobic vs. aerobic conditions have not been well documented. the objective of the present study was to assess changes in the c-containing func ...201627380023
predicting hybrid performances for quality traits through genomic-assisted approaches in central european wheat.bread-making quality traits are central targets for wheat breeding. the objectives of our study were to (1) examine the presence of major effect qtls for quality traits in a central european elite wheat population, (2) explore the optimal strategy for predicting the hybrid performance for wheat quality traits, and (3) investigate the effects of marker density and the composition and size of the training population on the accuracy of prediction of hybrid performance. in total 135 inbred lines of ...201627383841
occurrence and characterization of 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one and indole hydroxylases in juvenile wheat.cyclic hydroxamic acids, 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (diboa) and its 7-methoxy analogue (dimboa), occur transiently in high amounts in wheat and maize during the juvenile, non-autotrophic stage of growth. to elucidate the biosynthetic enzymes operating for the transient production of these compounds, we examined the hydroxylating activities for 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (hboa), the immediate precursor of diboa, and indole, the first intermediate of the biosynthetic pathway that branc ...199927389648
intraspecific polymorphisms of cytogenetic markers mapped on chromosomes of triticum polonicum l.triticum genus encloses several tetraploid species that are used as genetic stocks for expanding the genetic variability of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). although the t. aestivum (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) and t. durum (2n = 4x = 28, aabb) karyotypes were well examined by chromosome staining, giemsa c-banding and fish markers, other tetraploids are still poorly characterized. here, we established and compared the fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) patterns on chromosomes of 20 accessions of t ...201627391447
genome-wide characterization of pectin methyl esterase genes reveals members differentially expressed in tolerant and susceptible wheats in response to fusarium graminearum.pectin methyl esterase (pme) genes code for enzymes that are involved in structural modifications of the plant cell wall during plant growth and development. they are also involved in plant-pathogen interaction. pme genes belong to a multigene family and in this study we report the first comprehensive analysis of the pme gene family in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). like in other species, the members of the tapme family are dispersed throughout the genome and their encoded products retain t ...201627393991
dissecting the u, m, s and c genomes of wild relatives of bread wheat (aegilops spp.) into chromosomes and exploring their synteny with wheat.goat grasses (aegilops spp.) contributed to the evolution of bread wheat and are important sources of genes and alleles for modern wheat improvement. however, their use in alien introgression breeding is hindered by poor knowledge of their genome structure and a lack of molecular tools. the analysis of large and complex genomes may be simplified by dissecting them into single chromosomes via flow cytometric sorting. in some species this is not possible due to similarities in relative dna content ...201627402341
canopy temperature and vegetation indices from high-throughput phenotyping improve accuracy of pedigree and genomic selection for grain yield in wheat.genomic selection can be applied prior to phenotyping, enabling shorter breeding cycles and greater rates of genetic gain relative to phenotypic selection. traits measured using high-throughput phenotyping based on proximal or remote sensing could be useful for improving pedigree and genomic prediction model accuracies for traits not yet possible to phenotype directly. we tested if using aerial measurements of canopy temperature, and green and red normalized difference vegetation index as second ...201627402362
identification of winter-responsive proteins in bread wheat using proteomics analysis and virus-induced gene silencing (vigs).proteomic approaches were applied to identify protein spots involved in cold responses in wheat. by comparing the differentially accumulated proteins from two cultivars (uc1110 and pi 610750) and their derivatives, as well as the f10 recombinant inbred line population differing in cold-tolerance, a total of 20 common protein spots representing 16 unique proteins were successfully identified using 2-de method. of these, 14 spots had significantly enhanced abundance in the cold-sensitive parental ...201627402868
development of methodologies for virus detection in soybean and wheat seeds.seeds that contain large amounts of oil, starch, fibers and phenols are the most difficult tissues for rna extraction. currently, there are some reports of virus detection in seeds using commercial kits for rna extraction. however, individual seeds were used, which may not be always suitable for analyses that deal with large amounts of seeds. sangha [1] described a simple, quick and efficient protocol for rna extraction and downstream applications in a group of seeds of jatropha (jatropha curcas ...201627408831
evaluation of dough rheological properties and bread texture of pearl millet-wheat flour mix.this study was undertaken with the objective of formulating composite bread using pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum) and wheat (triticum aestivum) flours . rheological and bread making properties of composite flours were evaluated. mixolab results revealed torque increased and dough stability time decreased upon incorporation of pearl millet flour in wheat flour. the incorporation of millet flour at optimum level (5 %) led to an increase of the dough strength (w) and the elasticity-to-extensibili ...201627413235
knock out of the phosphate 2 gene tapho2-a1 improves phosphorus uptake and grain yield under low phosphorus conditions in common wheat.mir399 and its target phosphate2 (pho2) play pivotal roles in phosphate signaling in plants. loss of function mutation in pho2 leads to excessive pi accumulation in shoots and growth retardation in diploid plants like arabidopsis thaliana and rice (oryza sativa). here we isolated three pho2 homologous genes tapho2-a1, -b1 and -d1 from hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum). these tapho2 genes all contained mir399-binding sites and were able to be degraded by tae-mir399. tapho2-d1 was expressed much ...201627416927
detection of protein and dna damage induced by elevated carbon dioxide and ozone in triticum aestivum l. using biomarker and comet assay.this study was designed to compare the genetic effects of elevated carbon dioxide (co2) and ozone (o3), alone or in combination, under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions on proteins and dna of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), isozymes, random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd), and comet assays were used. sds-page analysis revealed distinctive polymorphisms (100%) based on the number of polypeptide bands (169) with molecular we ...201627420988
identification of novel abiotic stress proteins in triticum aestivum through functional annotation of hypothetical proteins.cereal grain bread wheat (t. aestivum) is an important source of food and belongs to poaceae family. hypothetical proteins (hps), i.e., proteins with unknown functions, share a substantial portion of wheat proteomes and play important roles in growth and physiology of plant system. several functional annotations studies utilizing the protein sequences for characterization of role of individual protein in physiology of plant systems were being reported in recent past. in this study, an integrated ...201627421996
pm55, a developmental-stage and tissue-specific powdery mildew resistance gene introgressed from dasypyrum villosum into common wheat.powdery mildew resistance gene pm55 was physically mapped to chromosome arm 5vs fl 0.60-0.80 of dasypyrum villosum . pm55 is present in t5vs·5al and t5vs·5dl translocations, which should be valuable resources for wheat improvement. powdery mildew caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is a major wheat disease worldwide. exploiting novel genes effective against powdery mildew from wild relatives of wheat is a promising strategy for controlling this disease. to identify novel resistance genes ...201627422445
elucidation of the genetic basis of variation for stem strength characteristics in bread wheat by associative transcriptomics.the current approach to reducing the tendency for wheat grown under high fertilizer conditions to collapse (lodge) under the weight of its grain is based on reducing stem height via the introduction of rht genes. however, these reduce the yield of straw (itself an important commodity) and introduce other undesirable characteristics. identification of alternative height-control loci is therefore of key interest. in addition, the improvement of stem mechanical strength provides a further way throu ...201627423334
mass spectrometric characterization of benzoxazinoid glycosides from rhizopus-elicited wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings.benzoxazinoids function as defense compounds and have been suggested to possess health-promoting effects. in this work, the mass spectrometric behavior of benzoxazinoids from the classes benzoxazin-3-ones (with subclasses lactams, hydroxamic acids, and methyl derivatives) and benzoxazolinones was studied. wheat seeds were germinated with simultaneous elicitation by rhizopus. the seedling extract was screened for the presence of benzoxazinoid (glycosides) using reversed-phase ultra-high-performan ...201627431363
application of a library of near isogenic lines to understand context dependent expression of qtl for grain yield and adaptive traits in bread wheat.previous quantitative trait loci (qtls) studies using the avalon × cadenza doubled haploid (dh) population identified eleven qtls determining plant height, heading date and grain yield. the objectives of this study were: (i) to provide insight into the effects of these qtls using reciprocal multiple near isogenic lines (nils) with each pair of alleles compared in both parental backgrounds (avalon or cadenza), (ii) quantifying epistasis by looking at the background effects and (iii) predict favou ...201627436187
erratum: detection of qtls for traits associated with pre-harvest sprouting resistance in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).[this corrects the article on p. 260 in vol. 66, pmid: 27162497.].201627436958
characterization of two hkt1;4 transporters from triticum monococcum to elucidate the determinants of the wheat salt tolerance nax1 qtl.tmhkt1;4-a1 and tmhkt1;4-a2 are two na+ transporter genes that have been identified as associated with the salt tolerance nax1 locus found in a durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum) line issued from a cross with t. monococcum. in the present study, we were interested in getting clues on the molecular mechanisms underpinning this salt tolerance quantitative trait locus (qtl). by analyzing the phylogenetic relationships between wheat and t. monococcum hkt1;4-type genes, we found that dur ...201627440547
drought-up-regulated tanac69-1 is a transcriptional repressor of tashy2 and taiaa7, and enhances root length and biomass in wheat.a well-known physiological adaptation process of plants encountering drying soil is to achieve water balance by reducing shoot growth and maintaining or promoting root elongation, but little is known about the molecular basis of this process. this study investigated the role of a drought-up-regulated triticum aestivum nac69-1 (tanac69-1) in the modulation of root growth in wheat. tanac69-1 was predominantly expressed in wheat roots at the early vegetative stage. overexpression of tanac69-1 in wh ...201627440550
genome wide single locus single trait, multi-locus and multi-trait association mapping for some important agronomic traits in common wheat (t. aestivum l.).genome wide association study (gwas) was conducted for 14 agronomic traits in wheat following widely used single locus single trait (slst) approach, and two recent approaches viz. multi locus mixed model (mlmm), and multi-trait mixed model (mtmm). association panel consisted of 230 diverse indian bread wheat cultivars (released during 1910-2006 for commercial cultivation in different agro-climatic regions in india). three years phenotypic data for 14 traits and genotyping data for 250 ssr marker ...201627441835
a novel allele of l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase is associated with enhanced drought tolerance through affecting stomatal aperture in common wheat.in higher plants, l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (gldh) plays important roles in ascorbic acid (asa) biosynthesis and assembly of respiration complex i. here we report three homoeologous genes (tagldh-a1, -b1 and -d1) encoding common wheat gldh isozymes and a unique allelic variant (tagldh-a1b) associated with enhanced drought tolerance. tagldh-a1, -b1 and -d1 were located on chromosomes 5a, 5b and 5d, respectively, and their transcripts were found in multiple organs. the three homoeologs ...201627443220
tatypa, a ribosome-binding gtpase protein, positively regulates wheat resistance to the stripe rust fungus.tyrosine phosphorylation protein a (typa/bipa) belongs to the ribosome-binding gtpase superfamily. in many bacterial species, typa acts as a global stress and virulence regulator and also mediates resistance to the antimicrobial peptide bactericidal permeability-increasing protein. however, the function of typa in plants under biotic stresses is not known. in this study, we isolated and functionally characterized a stress-responsive typa gene (tatypa) from wheat, with three copies located on chr ...201627446108
ear rachis xylem occlusion and associated loss in hydraulic conductance coincide with the end of grain filling for wheat.seed dehydration is the normal terminal event in the development of orthodox seeds and is physiologically related to the cessation of grain dry mass accumulation and crop grain yield. for a better understanding of grain dehydration, we evaluated the hypothesis that hydraulic conductance of the ear decreases during the latter stages of development and that this decrease results from disruption or occlusion of xylem conduits. whole ear, rachis, and stem nodes hydraulic conductance and percentage l ...201627446150
identification of key proteins and networks related to grain development in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by comparative transcription and proteomic analysis of allelic variants in tagw2-6a.in wheat, coding region allelic variants of tagw2-6a are closely associated with grain width and weight, but the genetic mechanisms involved remain unclear. thus, to obtain insights into the key functions regulated by tagw2-6a during wheat grain development, we performed transcriptional and proteomic analyses of tagw2-6a allelic variants. the transcription results showed that the tagw2-6a allelic variants differed significantly by several orders of magnitude. each allelic variant of tagw2-6a rea ...201627446152
differential regulation of genes coding for organelle and cytosolic clpatpases under biotic and abiotic stresses in wheat.a sub-group of class i caseinolytic proteases (clps) function as molecular chaperone and confer thermotolerance to plants. we identified class i clp family consisting of five clpb/hsp100, two clpc, and two clpd genes from bread wheat. phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes were highly conserved across grass genomes. subcellular localization prediction revealed that taclpc and taclpd subgroup proteins and taclpb1 proteins are potentially targeted to chloroplast, while taclpb5 to mitochondr ...201627446158
nitrogen nutrition improves the potential of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to alleviate the effects of drought stress during vegetative growth periods.efficient nitrogen (n) nutrition has the potential to alleviate drought stress in crops by maintaining metabolic activities even at low tissue water potential. this study was aimed to understand the potential of n to minimize the effects of drought stress applied/occur during tillering (feekes stage 2) and jointing (feekes stage 6) growth stages of wheat by observing the regulations and limitations of physiological activities, crop growth rate during drought periods as well as final grain yields ...201627446197
new insights into wheat toxicity: breeding did not seem to contribute to a prevalence of potential celiac disease's immunostimulatory epitopes.gluten proteins, namely gliadins, are the primary trigger of the abnormal immune response in celiac disease. it has been hypothesised that modern wheat breeding practices may have contributed to the increase in celiac disease prevalence during the latter half of the 20th century. our results do not support this hypothesis as triticum aestivum spp. vulgare landraces, which were not subjected to breeding practices, presented higher amounts of potential celiac disease's immunostimulatory epitopes w ...201627451149
amino acid profiles and digestible indispensable amino acid scores of proteins from the prioritized key foods in bangladesh.concentrations of standard amino acids were determined in the composite samples (representing 30 agro-ecological zones of bangladesh) of six prioritized key dietary protein sources: oryza sativa (rice), triticum aestivum (wheat flour), lens culinaris (lentils), pangusius pangusius (pangas), labeo rohita (rohu) and oreochromis mossambicus (tilapia). digestible indispensable amino acid scores (diaas) was calculated using published data on amino acids' digestibility to evaluate the protein quality ...027451158
influence of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit composition at glu-a1 and glu-d1 loci on secondary and micro structures of gluten in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).as one of critical gluten proteins, high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) mainly affect the rheological behaviour of wheat dough. the influence of hmw-gs variations at the glu-a1 and glu-d1 loci on both secondary and micro structures of gluten and rheological properties of wheat dough was investigated in this study. results showed that the amide i bands of the three near-isogenic lines (nils) shifted slightly, but the secondary structures differed significantly. the micro structure of ...201627451241
systematic investigation of flowering locus t-like poaceae gene families identifies the short-day expressed flowering pathway gene, taft3 in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).to date, a small number of major flowering time loci have been identified in the related triticeae crops, bread wheat (triticum aestivum), durum wheat (t. durum), and barley (hordeum vulgare). natural genetic variants at these loci result in major phenotypic changes which have adapted crops to the novel environments encountered during the spread of agriculture. the polyploid nature of bread and durum wheat means that major flowering time loci in which recessive alleles confer adaptive advantage ...201627458461
genetic basis for variation in wheat grain yield in response to varying nitrogen application.nitrogen (n) is a major nutrient needed to attain optimal grain yield (gy) in all environments. nitrogen fertilisers represent a significant production cost, in both monetary and environmental terms. developing genotypes capable of taking up n early during development while limiting biomass production after establishment and showing high n-use efficiency (nue) would be economically beneficial. genetic variation in nue has been shown previously. here we describe the genetic characterisation of nu ...201627459317
transferring desirable genes from agropyron cristatum 7p chromosome into common wheat.wheat-agropyron cristatum 7p disomic addition line ⅱ-5-1, derived from the distant hybridization between a. cristatum (2n = 4x = 28, pppp) and the common wheat cv. fukuhokomugi (fukuho), displays numerous desirable agronomic traits, including enhanced thousand-grain weight, smaller flag leaf, and enhanced tolerance to drought. in order to transfer these traits into common wheat, ⅱ-5-1 was induced by 60co-γ ray, leading to the creation of 18 translocation lines and three deletion lines. genomic i ...201627459347
fast and efficient screening for wheat loss-of-gene mutants using multiplexed melt curve analyses.this study describes a new approach in the screening for loss-of-gene mutants in heavy ion bombardment (hib) mutant populations of genetically complex organisms such as hexaploid bread wheat using multiplexed single-color (sybr green) melt curve analyses. the assay was set up for three target genes to test its validity and applicability. for each gene, three genome-specific primer pairs (one for each genome) with distinct melt curves were developed and multiplexed. this allowed screening for "si ...201627459606
stem rust resistance in a geographically diverse collection of spring wheat lines collected from across africa.following the emergence of the ug99 lineage of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (pgt) a collective international effort has been undertaken to identify new sources of wheat stem rust resistance effective against these races. analyses were undertaken in a collection of wheat genotypes gathered from across africa to identify stem rust resistance effective against the pgt races found in eastern and southern africa. the african wheat collection consisted of historic genotypes collected in kenya, sou ...201627462322
identification of putative rubisco activase (tarca1)-the catalytic chaperone regulating carbon assimilatory pathway in wheat (triticum aestivum) under the heat stress.rubisco activase (rca) is a catalytic chaperone involved in modulating the activity of rubisco (key enzyme of photosynthetic pathway). here, we identified eight novel transcripts from wheat through data mining predicted to be rca and cloned a transcript of 1.4 kb from cv. hd2985, named as tarca1 (genbank acc. no. kc776912). single copy number of tarca1 was observed in wheat genome. expression analysis in diverse wheat genotypes (hd2985, halna, pbw621, and hd2329) showed very high relative expres ...201627462325
structural features of reconstituted wheat wax films.cuticular waxes are essential for the well-being of all plants, from controlling the transport of water and nutrients across the plant surface to protecting them against external environmental attacks. despite their significance, our current understanding regarding the structure and function of the wax film is limited. in this work, we have formed representative reconstituted wax film models of controlled thicknesses that facilitated an ex vivo study of plant cuticular wax film properties by neu ...201627466439
cytomolecular discrimination of the am chromosomes of triticum monococcum and the a chromosomes of triticum aestivum using microsatellite dna repeats.the cytomolecular discrimination of the am- and a-genome chromosomes facilitates the selection of wheat-triticum monococcum introgression lines. fluorescence in situ hybridisation (fish) with the commonly used dna probes afa family, 18s rdna and psc119.2 showed that the more complex hybridisation pattern obtained in t. monococcum relative to bread wheat made it possible to differentiate the am and a chromosomes within homoeologous groups 1, 4 and 5. in order to provide additional chromosomal lan ...201727468932
silicon nanoparticles more effectively alleviated uv-b stress than silicon in wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings.the role of silicon (si) in alleviating biotic as well as abiotic stresses is well known. however, the potential of silicon nanoparticle (sinp) in regulating abiotic stress and associated mechanisms have not yet been explored. therefore, in the present study hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate whether si or sinp are more effective in the regulation of uv-b stress. uv-b (ambient and enhanced) radiation caused adverse effect on growth of wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings, which ...201727470120
functional and structural insights into novel dreb1a transcription factors in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.): a molecular modeling approach.triticum aestivum l. known as common wheat is one of the most important cereal crops feeding a large and growing population. various environmental stress factors including drought, high salinity and heat etc. adversely affect wheat production in a significant manner. dehydration-responsive element-binding (dreb1a) factors, a class of transcription factors (tf) play an important role in combating drought stress. it is known that dreb1a specifically interacts with the dehydration responsive elemen ...201627471160
evidence for an early origin of vernalization responsiveness in temperate pooideae grasses.the ability of plants to match their reproductive output with favorable environmental conditions has major consequences both for lifetime fitness and geographic patterns of diversity. in temperate ecosystems, some plant species have evolved the ability to use winter nonfreezing cold (vernalization) as a cue to ready them for spring flowering. however, it is unknown how important the evolution of vernalization responsiveness has been for the colonization and subsequent diversification of taxa wit ...201627474116
the characteristics and functions of a miniature inverted-repeat transposable element tamite81 in the 5' utr of tachs7bl from triticum aestivum.miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) are truncated derivatives of autonomous dna transposons, and are dispersed abundantly in eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes. in this article, a mite, tamite81, was isolated from the 5' untranslated region (utr) of tachs7bl, chalcone synthase (chs) catalyzing the first committed step of anthocyanin biosynthesis, in the wheat cultivar 'opata' with white grain. tamite81 was only 81 nucleotides, including a terminal inverted repeat with 39 nucl ...201627481288
microbiome networks: a systems framework for identifying candidate microbial assemblages for disease management.network models of soil and plant microbiomes provide new opportunities for enhancing disease management, but also challenges for interpretation. we present a framework for interpreting microbiome networks, illustrating how observed network structures can be used to generate testable hypotheses about candidate microbes affecting plant health. the framework includes four types of network analyses. "general network analysis" identifies candidate taxa for maintaining an existing microbial community. ...201627482625
genome-wide qtl mapping for wheat processing quality parameters in a gaocheng 8901/zhoumai 16 recombinant inbred line population.dough rheological and starch pasting properties play an important role in determining processing quality in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). in the present study, a recombinant inbred line (ril) population derived from a gaocheng 8901/zhoumai 16 cross grown in three environments was used to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) for dough rheological and starch pasting properties evaluated by mixograph, rapid visco-analyzer (rva), and mixolab parameters using the wheat 90 and 660 k single nu ...201627486464
expression analysis and promoter methylation under osmotic and salinity stress of tagapc1 in wheat (triticum aestivum l).cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapc) catalyzes a key reaction in glycolysis and encoded by a multi-gene family which showed instability expression under abiotic stress. dna methylation is an epigenetic modification that plays an important role in gene regulation in response to abiotic stress. the comprehension of dna methylation at promoter region of tagapc1 can provide insights into the transcription regulation mechanisms of plant genes under abiotic stress. in this study, ...201727488925
cn-wheat, a functional-structural model of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in wheat culms after anthesis. i. model description.improving crops requires better linking of traits and metabolic processes to whole plant performance. in this paper, we present cn-wheat, a comprehensive and mechanistic model of carbon (c) and nitrogen (n) metabolism within wheat culms after anthesis.201627497242
cn-wheat, a functional-structural model of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in wheat culms after anthesis. ii. model evaluation.simulating resource allocation in crops requires an integrated view of plant functioning and the formalization of interactions between carbon (c) and nitrogen (n) metabolisms. this study evaluates the functional-structural model cn-wheat developed for winter wheat after anthesis.201627497243
antifungal and phytotoxic activity of essential oil from root of senecio amplexicaulis kunth. (asteraceae) growing wild in high altitude-himalayan region.this work was aimed to evaluate the essential oil from root of medicinally important plant senecio amplexicaulis for chemical composition, antifungal and phytotoxic activity. the chemical composition analysed by gc/gc-ms showed the presence of monoterpene hydrocarbons in high percentage with marker compounds as α-phellandrene (48.57%), o-cymene (16.80%) and β-ocimene (7.61%). the essential oil exhibited significant antifungal activity against five phytopathogenic fungi, sclerotium rolfsii, macro ...201627498832
metabolic acclimation of tetraploid and hexaploid wheats by cold stress-induced carbohydrate accumulation.metabolic acclimation of plants to cold stress may be of great importance for their growth, survival and crop productivity. the accumulation carbohydrates associated with cold tolerance (ct), transcript levels for genes encoding related enzymes along with damage indices were comparatively studied in three genotypes of bread and durum wheats differing in sensitivity. two (norstar, bread wheat and gerdish, durum wheat) were tolerant and the other, srn (durum wheat), was susceptible to cold stress. ...201627500556
fine mapping and genetic association analysis of net2, the causative d-genome locus of low temperature-induced hybrid necrosis in interspecific crosses between tetraploid wheat and aegilops tauschii.hybrid necrosis has been observed in many interspecific hybrids from crosses between tetraploid wheat and the wheat d-genome donor aegilops tauschii. type ii necrosis is a kind of hybrid incompatibility that is specifically characterized by low-temperature induction and growth suppression. two complementary genes, net1 on the ab genome and net2 on the d genome, putatively control type ii necrosis in abd triploids and synthetic hexaploid wheat. toward map-based cloning of net2, a fine map around ...201627502693
interactions between glu-1 and glu-3 loci and associations of selected molecular markers with quality traits in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) dh lines.the quality of wheat depends on a large complex of genes and environmental factors. the objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci controlling technological quality traits and their stability across environments, and to assess the impact of interaction between alleles at loci glu-1 and glu-3 on grain quality. dh lines were evaluated in field experiments over a period of 4 years, and genotyped using simple sequence repeat markers. lines were analysed for grain yield (gy), tho ...201727502940
bioinformatic prediction of transcription factor binding sites at promoter regions of genes for photoperiod and vernalization responses in model and temperate cereal plants.many genes involved in responses to photoperiod and vernalization have been characterized or predicted in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), brachypodium (brachypodium distachyon), wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare). however, little is known about the transcription regulation of these genes, especially in the large, complex genomes of wheat and barley.201627503086
paenibacillus hispanicus sp. nov. isolated from triticum aestivum roots.a bacterial strain designated amtae16t was isolated from a root of wheat in spain. phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus paenibacilluswith its closest relative being paenibacillus daejeonensis ap-20t with 99.0 % 16s rrna gene sequence similarity. dna-dna hybridization studies showed a mean of 30 % dnadna relatedness between strain amtae16t and the type strain of p. daejeonensis. the isolate was a gram-stainvariable, motile and sporulating rod. cat ...201627503428
genetic characterization of cysteine-rich type-b avenin-like protein coding genes in common wheat.the wheat avenin-like proteins (alp) are considered atypical gluten constituents and have shown positive effects on dough properties revealed using a transgenic approach. however, to date the genetic architecture of alp genes is unclear, making it impossible to be utilized in wheat breeding. in the current study, three genes of type-b alps were identified and mapped to chromosomes 7as, 4al and 7ds. the coding gene sequence of both taalp-7a and taalp-7d was 855 bp long, encoding two identical hom ...201627503660
the in silico identification and characterization of a bread wheat/triticum militinae introgression line.the capacity of the bread wheat (triticum aestivum) genome to tolerate introgression from related genomes can be exploited for wheat improvement. a resistance to powdery mildew expressed by a derivative of the cross-bread wheat cv. tähti × t. militinae (tm) is known to be due to the incorporation of a tm segment into the long arm of chromosome 4a. here, a newly developed in silico method termed rearrangement identification and characterization (rich) has been applied to characterize the introgre ...201727510270
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