Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| from qutn to bt cotton: development, adoption and prospects. a review. | cotton has unique history of domestication, diversification, and utilization. globally it is an important cash crop that provides raw material for textile industry. the story of cotton started from human civilization and the climax arrived with the efforts of developing transgenic cotton for various traits. though conventional breeding brought steady improvement in developing resistance against biotic stresses but recent success story of gene transferfrom bacillus thuringiensis into cotton showe ... | 2016 | 26841496 |
| immunity of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella. | investigation of insect immune mechanisms provides important information concerning innate immunity, which in many aspects is conserved in animals. this is one of the reasons why insects serve as model organisms to study virulence mechanisms of human pathogens. from the evolutionary point of view, we also learn a lot about host-pathogen interaction and adaptation of organisms to conditions of life. additionally, insect-derived antibacterial and antifungal peptides and proteins are considered for ... | 2016 | 26847724 |
| risk assessment of bt crops on the non-target plant-associated insects and soil organisms. | transgenic plants containing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) genes are being cultivated worldwide to express toxic insecticidal proteins. however, the commercial utilisation of bt crops greatly highlights biosafety issues worldwide. therefore, assessing the risks caused by genetically modified crops prior to their commercial cultivation is a critical issue to be addressed. in agricultural biotechnology, the goal of safety assessment is not just to identify the safety of a genetically modified (gm) p ... | 2016 | 26857894 |
| chronic toxicity and physiological changes induced in the honey bee by the exposure to fipronil and bacillus thuringiensis spores alone or combined. | in the agricultural environment, honey bees may be exposed to combinations of pesticides. until now, the effects of these combinations on honey bee health have been poorly investigated. in this study, we assessed the impacts of biological and chemical insecticides, combining low dietary concentrations of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) spores (100 and 1000µg/l) with the chemical insecticide fipronil (1µg/l). in order to assess the possible effects of cry toxins, the bt kurstaki strain (btk) was comp ... | 2016 | 26866756 |
| development of leaffolder resistant transgenic rice expressing cry2ax1 gene driven by green tissue-specific rbcs promoter. | the insecticidal cry genes of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have been successfully used for development of insect resistant transgenic rice plants. in this study, a novel cry2ax1 gene consisting a sequence of cry2aa and cry2ac gene driven by rice rbcs promoter was introduced into a rice cultivar, asd16. among 27 putative rice transformants, 20 plants were found to be positive for cry2ax1 gene. the expression of cry2ax1 protein in transgenic rice plants ranged from 5.95 to 122.40 ng/g of fresh leaf ... | 2016 | 26867598 |
| efficacy of insecticide and bioinsecticide ground sprays to control metisa plana walker (lepidoptera: psychidae) in oil palm plantations, malaysia. | the effectiveness of the synthetic insecticides trichlorfon, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin emulsion concentrated (ec) and cypermethrin emulsion water based (ew) and a bio-insecticide, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (btk), was evaluated at 3, 7, 14 and 30 days after treatment (dat) for the control of metisa plana larvae in an oil palm (elaeis guineensis) plantation in malaysia. although all synthetic insecticides effectively reduced the larval population of m. plana, trichlorfon, lambd ... | 2015 | 26868711 |
| effect of crop plants on fitness costs associated with resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1ac and cry2ab in cabbage loopers. | fitness costs associated with resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins critically impact the development of resistance in insect populations. in this study, the fitness costs in trichoplusia ni strains associated with two genetically independent resistance mechanisms to bt toxins cry1ac and cry2ab, individually and in combination, on four crop plants (cabbage, cotton, tobacco and tomato) were analyzed, in comparison with their near-isogenic susceptible strain. the net reproductive rate ( ... | 2016 | 26868936 |
| transstadial effects of bti on traits of aedes aegypti and infection with dengue virus. | most mosquito control efforts are primarily focused on reducing the adult population size mediated by reductions in the larval population, which should lower risk of disease transmission. although the aim of larviciding is to reduce larval abundance and thus recruitment of adults, nonlethal effects on adults are possible, including transstadial effects on phenotypes of adults such as survival and pathogen infection and transmission. in addition, the mortality induced by control efforts may act i ... | 2016 | 26871951 |
| resistance to bacillus thuringiensis mediated by an abc transporter mutation increases susceptibility to toxins from other bacteria in an invasive insect. | evolution of pest resistance reduces the efficacy of insecticidal proteins from the gram-positive bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) used widely in sprays and transgenic crops. recent efforts to delay pest adaptation to bt crops focus primarily on combinations of two or more bt toxins that kill the same pest, but this approach is often compromised because resistance to one bt toxin causes cross-resistance to others. thus, integration of bt toxins with alternative controls that do not exhibit ... | 2016 | 26872031 |
| novel actin filaments from bacillus thuringiensis form nanotubules for plasmid dna segregation. | here we report the discovery of a bacterial dna-segregating actin-like protein (btparm) from bacillus thuringiensis, which forms novel antiparallel, two-stranded, supercoiled, nonpolar helical filaments, as determined by electron microscopy. the btparm filament features of supercoiling and forming antiparallel double-strands are unique within the actin fold superfamily, and entirely different to the straight, double-stranded, polar helical filaments of all other known parms and of eukaryotic f-a ... | 2016 | 26873105 |
| effect of adding amino acids residues in n- and c-terminus of vip3aa16 (l121i) toxin. | to study the importance of n- and c-terminus of bacillus thuringiensis vip3aa16 (l121i) toxin (88 kda), a number of mutants were generated. the addition of two (2r: rs) or eleven (11r: rsrpghhhhhh) amino acid residues at the vip3aa16 (l121i) c-terminus allowed to an unappropriated folding illustrated by the abundant presence of the 62 kda proteolytic form. the produced vip3aa16 (l121i) full length form was less detected when increasing the number of amino acids residues in the c-terminus. bioass ... | 2016 | 26876111 |
| characterization of a natural triple-tandem c-di-gmp riboswitch and application of the riboswitch-based dual-fluorescence reporter. | c-di-gmp riboswitches are structured rnas located in the 5'-untranslated regions (5'-utrs) of mrnas that regulate expression of downstream genes in response to changing concentrations of the second messenger c-di-gmp. we discovered three complete c-di-gmp riboswitches (bc3, bc4 and bc5 rna) with similar structures, which are arranged in tandem to constitute a triple-tandem (bc3-5 rna) riboswitch in the 5'-utr of the cspabcde mrna in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. chinensis ct-43. our results show ... | 2016 | 26892868 |
| investigation of larvae digestive β-glucosidase and proteases of the tomato pest tuta absoluta for inhibiting the insect development. | the tomato leaf miner tuta absoluta is one of the most devastating pests for tomato crops. digestive proteases and β-glucosidase enzymes were investigated using general and specific substrates and inhibitors. maximal β-glucosidase and proteolytic activities occurred at temperature and ph optima of 30 and 40°c, 5 and 10-11 unit of ph, respectively. zymogram analysis showed the presence of distinguished β-glucosidase exhibiting a specific activity of about 183 ± 15 µmol min-1 mg-1. in vitro inhibi ... | 2016 | 26898349 |
| cloning, characterization and expression of a novel haplotype cry2a-type gene from bacillus thuringiensis strain swk1, native to himalayan valley kashmir. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is a gram positive bacterium which is effectively being used in pest management strategies as an eco-friendly bioinsecticide. in the present study a new cry2a gene was cloned from a promising indigenous b. thuringiensis swk1 strain previously characterized for its toxicity against spodoptera litura and helicoverpa armigera larvae. the nucleotide sequence of the cloned cry2a gene pointed out that the open reading frame has 1902 bases encoding a polypeptide of 634 amino ... | 2016 | 26906447 |
| toxin stability improvement and toxicity increase against dipteran and lepidopteran larvae of bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein cry2aa. | bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxins are the most widely used biopesticides for controlling economically important crop pests and disease vectors. improving their efficacy is of great benefit. here, an improvement in cry2aa δ-endotoxin toxicity was attempted via a cry gene over expression system using p20 from b. thuringiensis israelensis. | 2016 | 26910489 |
| fate of insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis cry protein in soil: differences between purified toxin and biopesticide formulation. | bacillus thuringiensis produces insecticidal proteins known as cry, and its efficiency and absence of side effects make it the most widely used biopesticide. there is little information on the role of soils in the fate of cry proteins from commercial biopesticide formulations, unlike toxins from genetically modified crops, which have been intensively studied in recent years. the persistence of cry in soil was followed under field and laboratory conditions. | 2016 | 26910634 |
| diffusible signal factor family signals provide a fitness advantage to xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in interspecies competition. | diffusible signal factor (dsf) represents a new class of widely conserved quorum sensing signals, which regulates various biological functions through intra- or interspecies signaling. the previous studies identified that there is an antagonistic interaction between xanthomonas and bacillus species bacteria in natural ecosystem, but the detailed molecular mechanism of interspecies competition is not clear. this study showed that xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc) interfered with morphol ... | 2016 | 26913592 |
| effects of feeding transgenic corn with mcry1ac or maroacc gene to laying hens for 12 weeks on growth, egg quality and organ health. | the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of feeding two transgenic corn lines containing the mcry1ac gene from bacillus thuringiensis strain (bt-799) and the maroacc gene from agrobacterium tumefaciens strain (cc-2), respectively, on growth, egg quality and organ health indicators. expression of the mcry1ac gene confers resistance to pyrausta nubilalis and the maroacc gene confers tolerance to herbicides. healthy hens (n=96 placed in cages; 3 hens/cage) were randomly assi ... | 2016 | 26915544 |
| crystal structure of the bacillus-conserved mazg protein, a nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase. | ba1544 from bacillus anthracis was previously annotated as a transcription factor for the gene cluster ba1554 - ba1558, but has not been experimentally characterized. b. anthracis is an obligate pathogen causing fatal inhalational anthrax, and ba1544 is absolutely conserved in bacillus species, including bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus mycoides, with 100% sequence identity. to address the function of ba1544, we performed structural and biochemical studies, which revealed tha ... | 2016 | 26920050 |
| glycosylation of bcla glycoprotein from bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis exosporium is domain-specific. | the spores of the bacillus cereus group (b. cereus, bacillus anthracis, and bacillus thuringiensis) are surrounded by a paracrystalline flexible yet resistant layer called exosporium that plays a major role in spore adhesion and virulence. the major constituent of its hairlike surface, the trimerized glycoprotein bcla, is attached to the basal layer through an n-terminal domain. it is then followed by a repetitive collagen-like neck bearing a globular head (c-terminal domain) that promotes glyco ... | 2016 | 26921321 |
| the use of aedes aegypti larvae attractants to enhance the effectiveness of larvicides. | aedes aegypti (l.) is an important dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever vector. immature stages of this species inhabit human-made containers placed in residential landscapes, and the application of larvicides inside containers that cannot be eliminated is still considered a priority in control programs. larvicidal efficacy is influenced by several factors, including the formulation used, the water quality, and the susceptibility of larvae, among others. if an attractant can be incorporated int ... | 2016 | 26922177 |
| bacillus thuringiensis peptidoglycan hydrolase sleb171 involved in daughter cell separation during cell division. | whole-genome analyses have revealed a putative cell wall hydrolase gene (sleb171) that constitutes an operon with two other genes (ypebandyhcn) of unknown function inbacillus thuringiensisbmb171. the putative sleb171 protein consists of 259 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 28.3 kda. gene disruption ofsleb171in the bmb171 genome causes the formation of long cell chains during the vegetative growth phase and delays spore formation and spore release, although it has no significant effect o ... | 2016 | 26922318 |
| expression of an engineered synthetic cry2aa (d42/k63f/k64p) gene of bacillus thuringiensis in marker free transgenic tobacco facilitated full-protection from cotton leaf worm (s. littoralis) at very low concentration. | emergence of resistant insects limits the sustainability of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) transgenic crop plants for insect management. beside this, the presence of unwanted marker gene(s) in the transgenic crops is also a major environmental and health concern. thus, development of marker free transgenic crop plants expressing a new class of toxin having a different mortality mechanism is necessary for resistance management. in a previous study, we generated an engineered cry2aa (d42/k63f/k64p) t ... | 2016 | 26925624 |
| single amino acid insertions in extracellular loop 2 of bombyx mori abcc2 disrupt its receptor function for bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab and cry1ac but not cry1aa toxins. | in a previous report, seven cry1ab-resistant strains were identified in the silkworm, bombyx mori; these strains were shown to have a tyrosine insertion at position 234 in extracellular loop 2 of the abc transporter c2 (bmabcc2). this insertion was confirmed to destroy the receptor function of bmabcc2 and confer the strains resistance against cry1ab and cry1ac. however, these strains were susceptible to cry1aa. in this report, we examined the mechanisms of the loss of receptor function of the tr ... | 2016 | 26928903 |
| no association between the use of bti for mosquito control and the dynamics of non-target aquatic invertebrates in french coastal and continental wetlands. | the environmental safety of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) is still controversial, mainly because most of the previous field studies on its undesired effects were spatially limited and did not address the relationship between community similarity and application time and frequency. no general statement can therefore be drawn on the usage conditions of bti that insure protection of non-target organisms. the present study was conducted in eight sites distributed over the main geog ... | 2016 | 26930319 |
| bacterial vegetative insecticidal proteins (vip) from entomopathogenic bacteria. | entomopathogenic bacteria produce insecticidal proteins that accumulate in inclusion bodies or parasporal crystals (such as the cry and cyt proteins) as well as insecticidal proteins that are secreted into the culture medium. among the latter are the vip proteins, which are divided into four families according to their amino acid identity. the vip1 and vip2 proteins act as binary toxins and are toxic to some members of the coleoptera and hemiptera. the vip1 component is thought to bind to recept ... | 2016 | 26935135 |
| pyrosequencing the midgut transcriptome of the banana weevil cosmopolites sordidus (germar) (coleoptera: curculionidae) reveals multiple protease-like transcripts. | the banana weevil cosmopolites sordidus is an important and serious insect pest in most banana and plantain-growing areas of the world. in spite of the economic importance of this insect pest very little genomic and transcriptomic information exists for this species. in the present study, we characterized the midgut transcriptome of c. sordidus using massive 454-pyrosequencing. we generated over 590,000 sequencing reads that assembled into 30,840 contigs with more than 400 bp, representing a sig ... | 2016 | 26949943 |
| development of a double-antibody sandwich elisa for rapid detection of bacillus cereus in food. | bacillus cereus is increasingly recognized as one of the major causes of food poisoning in the industrialized world. in this paper, we describe a sensitive double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) that was developed for rapid detection of b. cereus in food to minimize the risk of contamination. the polyclonal antibody (pab) and monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific to b. cereus were generated from rabbit antiserum and mouse ascites, respectively, using the octanoic acid ... | 2016 | 26976753 |
| characterization of trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like serine proteases from midgut of mythimna separata walker. | two cdna sequences encoding a trypsin-like and a chymotrypsin-like serine protease (mst and msct, genbank accession nos. kp730443 and kp730444, respectively) were cloned from midgut of oriental armyworm, mythimna separata walker. multiple alignments revealed that the deduced amino acid sequences of mst and msct contained a serine protease catalytic motif gdsggpl and catalytic triads (his, asp, and ser). analyses of tissue and developmental expression of mst and msct showed that they were mainly ... | 2016 | 26988941 |
| frequency of cry1f resistance alleles in spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in brazil. | the frequency of resistance alleles is a major factor influencing the rate of resistance evolution. here, we adapted the f2 screen procedure for spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) with a discriminating concentration assay, and extended associated statistical methods to estimate the frequency of resistance to cry1f protein in s. frugiperda in brazil when resistance was not rare. | 2016 | 26990201 |
| daphnia magna negatively affected by chronic exposure to purified cry-toxins. | cry-toxin genes originating from bacillus thuringiensis are inserted into genetically modified (gm) plants, often called bt-plants, to provide insect resistance to pests. significant amounts of bt-plant residues, and thus cry-toxins, will be shed to soil and aquatic environments. we exposed daphnia magna to purified cry1ab and cry2aa toxins for the full life-span of the animals. we used single toxins in different doses and combinations of toxins and roundup(®), another potential stressor on the ... | 2016 | 26993955 |
| comparison of susceptibility of chilo suppressalis and bombyx mori to five bacillus thuringiensis proteins. | transformation of rice with genes encoding insecticidal cry proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) should confer high resistance to target lepidopteran pests, such as chilo suppressalis, and low toxicity to non-target organisms, such as silkworm bombyx mori. five purified cry proteins that have been used for plant transformation were tested using dietary exposure assays. the susceptibility of c. suppressalis larvae to the five insecticidal proteins in the decreasing order was: cry1ca>cry1ab>c ... | 2016 | 26994840 |
| a novel metalloproteinase virulence factor is involved in bacillus thuringiensis pathogenesis in nematodes and insects. | the gram-positive soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis has been developed as the leading microbial insecticide for years. the pathogenesis of b. thuringiensis requires common extracellular factors that depend on the plcr regulon, which regulates a large number of virulence factors; however, the precise role of many of these proteins is not known. in this study, we describe the complete lifecycle of a nematicidal b. thuringiensis strain in the free living nematode caenorhabditis elegans using in ... | 2016 | 26995589 |
| anti-infective metabolites of a newly isolated bacillus thuringiensis kl1 associated with kalmegh (andrographis paniculata nees.), a traditional medicinal herb. | this study was conducted to isolate endophytic bacteria possessing anti-infective property from kalmegh (andrographis paniculata nees.), a well-known medicinal plant. a total of 23 strains were isolated from this plant among which the strain kl1, isolated from surface-sterilized leaf of this medicinal herb, showed broad-spectrum antagonism against an array of gram-positive and -negative bacterial pathogens. ethyl acetate extract of kl1-fermented media yielded a greenish amorphous substance retai ... | 2016 | 26997870 |
| ingestion of bt corn pollen containing cry1ab/2aj or cry1ac does not harm propylea japonica larvae. | propylea japonica (thunberg) (coleoptera: coccinellidae) is a prevalent pollen consumer in corn fields and is therefore exposed to insecticidal proteins contained in the pollen of insect-resistant transgenic corn cultivars expressing cry proteins derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt). in the present study, the potential effect of cry1ab/2aj- or cry1ac-containing transgenic bt corn pollen on the fitness of p. japonica larvae was evaluated. the results show that the larval developmental time wa ... | 2016 | 27005950 |
| transgenic rice expressing the cry2ax1 gene confers resistance to multiple lepidopteran pests. | a chimeric bacillus thuringiensis toxin (bt) gene, cry2ax1was cloned in a bi-selectable marker free binary vector construct. the cry2ax1 gene, driven by the chrysanthemum rbcs1 promoter, was introduced into jk1044r, the restorer line (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica) of a notified commercially grown rice hybrid in india, by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. its effect against two major lepidopteran insect pests viz., yellow stem borer (ysb) scirpophaga incertulas, rice leaf folder (rlf) cnaphal ... | 2016 | 27017220 |
| a black (white) hole in the global spread of gm cotton. | bt (bacillus thuringiensis) cotton has been widely adopted, notably by smallholder farmers in developing countries. however, it has not been used in central asia, an important cotton-producing region. we discuss possible reasons and hypothesize that the most likely explanation is limited local demand for bt owing to low levels of pest infestation. this would imply that global bt cotton adoption rates may already be close to 100% when considering real demand for insect-resistant varieties. | 2016 | 27017312 |
| ipm use with the deployment of a non-high dose bt pyramid and mitigation of resistance for western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera). | recent detection of western corn rootworm resistance to bt (bacillus thuringiensis) corn prompted recommendations for the use of integrated pest management (ipm) with planting refuges to prolong the durability of bt technologies. we conducted a simulation experiment exploring the effectiveness of various ipm tools at extending durability of pyramided bt traits. results indicate that some ipm practices have greater merits than others. crop rotation was the most effective strategy, followed by inc ... | 2016 | 27018423 |
| a mixture of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis with xenorhabdus nematophila-cultured broth enhances toxicity against mosquitoes aedes albopictus and culex pipiens pallens (diptera: culicidae). | xenorhabdusandphotorhabdusspp. (enterobacteriaceae) can synthesize and release secondary metabolites that play crucial roles in their pathogenicity by suppressing the immunity of target insects. the insect immunity contributes to defense against the pathogenicity ofbacillus thuringiensis(bt). this study tested a hypothesis that bacterial immunosuppresants could enhance the susceptibility of mosquitoes (aedes albopictusandculex pipiens pallens) to bt. three symbiotic bacteria [x. nematophila(xn), ... | 2016 | 27018440 |
| transcriptional profiling analysis of spodoptera litura larvae challenged with vip3aa toxin and possible involvement of trypsin in the toxin activation. | vip proteins, a new group of insecticidal toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis, are effective against specific pests including spodoptera litura. here, we report construction of a transcriptome database of s. litura by de novo assembly along with detection of the transcriptional response of s. litura larvae to vip3aa toxin. in total, 56,498 unigenes with an n50 value of 1,853 bp were obtained. results of transcriptome abundance showed that vip3aa toxin provoked a wide transcriptional respon ... | 2016 | 27025647 |
| a role for weak electrostatic interactions in peripheral membrane protein binding. | bacillus thuringiensis phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (btpi-plc) is a secreted virulence factor that binds specifically to phosphatidylcholine (pc) bilayers containing negatively charged phospholipids. btpi-plc carries a negative net charge and its interfacial binding site has no obvious cluster of basic residues. continuum electrostatic calculations show that, as expected, nonspecific electrostatic interactions between btpi-plc and membranes vary as a function of the fraction of ... | 2016 | 27028646 |
| immuno-physiological adaptations confer wax moth galleria mellonella resistance to bacillus thuringiensis. | microevolutionary mechanisms of resistance to a bacterial pathogen were explored in a population of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, selected for an 8.8-fold increased resistance against the entomopathogenic bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) compared with a non-selected (suspectible) line. defense strategies of the resistant and susceptible insect lines were compared to uncover mechanisms underpinning resistance, and the possible cost of those survival strategies. in the uninfected ... | 2016 | 27029421 |
| heme sensing in bacillus thuringiensis: a supplementary hssrs-regulated heme resistance system. | several gram-positive pathogens scavenge host-derived heme to satisfy their nutritional iron requirement. however, heme is a toxic molecule capable of damaging the bacterial cell. gram-positive pathogens within the phylum firmicutes overcome heme toxicity by sensing heme through hssrs, a two-component system that regulates the heme detoxification transporter hrtab. here we show that heme sensing by hssrs and heme detoxification by hrtab occur in the insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis we find ... | 2016 | 27030728 |
| identification of abcc2 as a binding protein of cry1ac on brush border membrane vesicles from helicoverpa armigera by an improved pull-down assay. | cry1ac toxin-binding proteins from helicoverpa armigera brush border membrane vesicles were identified by an improved pull-down method that involves coupling cry1ac to cnbr agarose combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). according to the lc-ms/ms results, cry1ac toxin could bind to six classes of aminopeptidase-n, alkaline phosphatase, cadherin-like protein, atp-binding cassette transporter subfamily c protein (abcc2), actin, atpase, polycalin, and some other pro ... | 2016 | 27037552 |
| effects of illuminance and nutrients on bacterial photo-physiology of hydrocarbon degradation. | bacterial photophysiology was previously limited to photoautotrophs. the discovery of bacteriophytochromes in non-photoautotrophs raised a question whether these non-photoautotrophs are affected by the presence or absence of light? in this research work for the first time, bacterial hydrocarbon degradation and biomass production was studied under the influence of nutrients, illuminance (light flux) and time. an experimental model was designed, with six isolated bacterial strains (pseudomonas poa ... | 2016 | 27039061 |
| heritability of wing size and shape of the rice and corn strains of spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) represents a pest of economic importance in all western hemisphere. this polyphagous species has diverged into two populations that have been mainly recognized with various mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers and named "the rice" and "the corn" strains. in colombia, both strains have evolved prezygotic and postzygotic isolation. they differ in tolerance to bacillus thuringiensis (cry1ac and cry1ab endotoxins) and the insecticide ... | 2016 | 27044394 |
| occurrence of toxigenic bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis in doenjang, a korean fermented soybean paste. | this study determined the prevalence and toxin profile of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis in doenjang, a fermented soybean food, made using both traditional and commercial methods. the 51 doenjang samples tested were broadly contaminated with b. cereus; in contrast, only one sample was positive for b. thuringiensis. all b. cereus isolates from doenjang were positive for diarrheal toxin genes. the frequencies of nheabc and hblacd in traditional samples were 22.7 and 0%, respectively, w ... | 2016 | 27052865 |
| contrasting invertebrate immune defense behaviors caused by a single gene, the caenorhabditis elegans neuropeptide receptor gene npr-1. | the invertebrate immune system comprises physiological mechanisms, physical barriers and also behavioral responses. it is generally related to the vertebrate innate immune system and widely believed to provide nonspecific defense against pathogens, whereby the response to different pathogen types is usually mediated by distinct signalling cascades. recent work suggests that invertebrate immune defense can be more specific at least at the phenotypic level. the underlying genetic mechanisms are as ... | 2016 | 27066825 |
| use of redundant exclusion pcr to identify a novel bacillus thuringiensis cry8 toxin gene from pooled genomic dna. | with the aim of optimizing the cloning of novel genes from a genomic pool containing many previously identified homologous genes, we designed a redundant exclusion pcr (re-pcr) technique. in re-pcr, a pair of generic amplification primers are combined with additional primers that are designed to specifically bind to redundant, unwanted genes that are a subset of those copied by the amplification primers. during re-pcr, the specific primer blocks amplification of the full-length redundant gene. u ... | 2016 | 27084017 |
| a multi-enzymatic cascade reaction for the stereoselective production of γ-oxyfunctionalyzed amino acids. | a stereoselective three-enzyme cascade for synthesis of diasteromerically pure γ-oxyfunctionalized α-amino acids was developed. by coupling a dynamic kinetic resolution (dkr) using an n-acylamino acid racemase (naaar) and an l-selective aminoacylase from geobacillus thermoglucosidasius with a stereoselective isoleucine dioxygenase from bacillus thuringiensis, diastereomerically pure oxidized amino acids were produced from racemic n-acetylamino acids. the three enzymes differed in their optimal t ... | 2016 | 27092111 |
| characterization of the resistance to vip3aa in helicoverpa armigera from australia and the role of midgut processing and receptor binding. | crops expressing genes from bacillus thuringiensis (bt crops) are among the most successful technologies developed for the control of pests but the evolution of resistance to them remains a challenge. insect resistant cotton and maize expressing the bt vip3aa protein were recently commercialized, though not yet in australia. we found that, although relatively high, the frequency of alleles for resistance to vip3aa in field populations of h. armigera in australia did not increase over the past fo ... | 2016 | 27095284 |
| application of a dense genetic map for assessment of genomic responses to selection and inbreeding in heliothis virescens. | adaptation of pest species to laboratory conditions and selection for resistance to toxins in the laboratory are expected to cause inbreeding and genetic bottlenecks that reduce genetic variation. heliothis virescens, a major cotton pest, has been colonized in the laboratory many times, and a few laboratory colonies have been selected for bacillus thuringiensis (bt) resistance. we developed 350-bp double-digest restriction-site associated dna-sequencing (ddrad-seq) molecular markers to examine a ... | 2016 | 27097739 |
| impact of violated high-dose refuge assumptions on evolution of bt resistance. | transgenic crops expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins have been widely and successfully deployed for the control of target pests, while allowing a substantial reduction in insecticide use. the evolution of resistance (a heritable decrease in susceptibility to bt toxins) can pose a threat to sustained control of target pests, but a high-dose refuge (hdr) management strategy has been key to delaying countervailing evolution of bt resistance. the hdr strategy relies on the mating frequency ... | 2016 | 27099624 |
| genome sequence of the endophytic bacterium bacillus thuringiensis strain kb1, a potential biocontrol agent against phytopathogens. | italic! bacillus thuringiensisis the most widely known microbial pesticide used in agricultural applications. herein, we report a draft genome sequence of the endophytic bacterium italic! bacillus thuringiensisstrain kb1, which exhibits antagonism against phytopathogens. | 2016 | 27103716 |
| assessment of potential adjuvanticity of cry proteins. | genetically modified (gm) crops have achieved success in the marketplace and their benefits extend beyond the overall increase in harvest yields to include lowered use of insecticides and decreased carbon dioxide emissions. the most widely grown gm crops contain gene/s for targeted insect protection, herbicide tolerance, or both. plant expression of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crystal (cry) insecticidal proteins have been the primary way to impart insect resistance in gm crops. although deemed s ... | 2016 | 27105772 |
| multiple assays indicate varying levels of cross resistance in cry3bb1-selected field populations of the western corn rootworm to mcry3a, ecry3.1ab, and cry34/35ab1. | minnesota populations of diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, the western corn rootworm, surviving cry3bb1-expressing corn in the field and western corn rootworm populations assumed to be susceptible to all bt proteins were evaluated for susceptibility to cry3bb1, mcry3a, ecry3.1ab, and cry34/35ab1 in diet assays and three different plant-based assays. rootworm populations originating from cry3bb1 fields and that consistently experienced greater than expected damage had increased survival and ... | 2016 | 27106225 |
| biological activity of bacillus thuringiensis in drosophila suzukii (diptera: drosophilidae). | whole-culture extracts of bacillus thuringiensis berliner strains were assayed against larval and adult drosophila suzukii (matsumura), an important invasive pest of many thin-skinned soft fruit crops in north america. of the 22 serovars tested versus larval d. suzukii, strains of bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis, kurstaki, thompsoni, bolivia, and pakistani caused high (75 to 100%) first-instar mortalities. pupal mortality, measured as a failure of adults to emerge, varied with serovar. ... | 2016 | 27106227 |
| two distinct pathways lead bacillus thuringiensis to commit to sporulation in biofilm. | the spore-forming bacterium bacillus thuringiensis is an efficient biofilm producer, responsible for persistent contamination of industrial food processing systems. b. thuringiensis biofilms are highly heterogeneous bacterial structures in which three distinct cell types controlled by quorum sensing regulators were identified: plcr-controlled virulent cells, nprr-dependent necrotrophic cells and cells committed to sporulation, a differentiation process controlled by rap phosphatases and spo0a-p. ... | 2016 | 27106256 |
| reproductive isolation between two populations of diatraea saccharalis (f.) (lepidoptera: crambidae) from different host plant species and regions in argentina. | the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.), has a widespread distribution throughout the western hemisphere and is a pest of many crop plants including sugarcane, corn, sorghum and rice. the use of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn has been the primary tool for managing this species in corn fields. sugarcane borer control has been recently threatened by observations of susceptibility and/or resistance to certain varieties of bt corn and the protein used in many newer varieties. this has led t ... | 2016 | 27112423 |
| experimental evolution in silico: a custom-designed mathematical model for virulence evolution of bacillus thuringiensis. | most mathematical models on the evolution of virulence are based on epidemiological models that assume parasite transmission follows the mass action principle. in experimental evolution, however, mass action is often violated due to controlled infection protocols. this "theory-experiment mismatch" raises the question whether there is a need for new mathematical models to accommodate the particular characteristics of experimental evolution. here, we explore the experimental evolution model system ... | 2016 | 27113405 |
| cyclic diguanylate regulation of bacillus cereus group biofilm formation. | biofilm formation can be considered a bacterial virulence mechanism. in a range of gram-negatives, increased levels of the second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp) promotes biofilm formation and reduces motility. other bacterial processes known to be regulated by c-di-gmp include cell division, differentiation and virulence. among gram-positive bacteria, where the function of c-di-gmp signalling is less well characterized, c-di-gmp was reported to regulate swarming motility in bacillus sub ... | 2016 | 27116468 |
| frequency of cry1f non-recessive resistance alleles in north carolina field populations of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is a target species of transgenic corn (zea mays l.) that expresses single and pyramided bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin. in 2014, s. frugiperda were collected from a light trap in north carolina, and a total of 212 f1/f2 isofemale lines of s. frugiperda were screened for resistance to bt and non-bt corn. all of the 212 isolines were susceptible to corn tissue expressing cry1a.105 + cry2ab, cry1f + cry1a.105 + cry2ab, ... | 2016 | 27119741 |
| continuous evolution of bacillus thuringiensis toxins overcomes insect resistance. | the bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxins (bt toxins) are widely used insecticidal proteins in engineered crops that provide agricultural, economic, and environmental benefits. the development of insect resistance to bt toxins endangers their long-term effectiveness. here we have developed a phage-assisted continuous evolution selection that rapidly evolves high-affinity protein-protein interactions, and applied this system to evolve variants of the bt toxin cry1ac that bind a cadherin-like recept ... | 2016 | 27120167 |
| bt toxin cry1ie causes no negative effects on survival, pollen consumption, or olfactory learning in worker honey bees (hymenoptera: apidae). | the honey bee (apis mellifera l.) is a key nontarget insect in environmental risk assessments of insect-resistant genetically modified crops. in controlled laboratory conditions, we evaluated the potential effects of cry1ie toxin on survival, pollen consumption, and olfactory learning of young adult honey bees. we exposed worker bees to syrup containing 20, 200, or 20,000 ng/ml cry1ie toxin, and also exposed some bees to 48 ng/ml imidacloprid as a positive control for exposure to a sublethal con ... | 2016 | 27122497 |
| field-based assessment of resistance to bt corn by western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, is a serious pest of corn and is managed with corn that produces insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt). beginning in 2009, resistance to cry3bb1 corn, and severe injury to cry3bb1 corn in the field, was observed in iowa. however, few data exist on how cry3bb1-resistant western corn rootworm interact with various management practices in the field. using a field experiment, we measured adult emergen ... | 2016 | 27122498 |
| does bt maize expressing cry1ac protein have adverse effects on the parasitoid macrocentrus cingulum (hymenoptera: braconidae)? | the potential effects of insect-resistant, genetically engineered (ge) crops on non-target organisms, especially on predators and parasitoids, must be evaluated before their commercial cultivation. the effects of ge maize that produces cry1ac toxin on the parasitoid macrocentrus cingulum were assessed by direct bioassay and indirect bioassay. in the indirect bioassay, parasitism rate, cocoon weight and the number of m. cingulum progeny produced per host were significantly reduced when m. cingulu ... | 2016 | 27126195 |
| a promising hd133-like strain of bacillus thuringiensis with dual efficiency to the two lepidopteran pests: spodoptera littoralis (noctuidae) and ephestia kuehniella (pyralidae). | isolation and identification of new strains with wide variety of target pests is an ever growing field. in this paper, a screening of 260 strains from tunisian soil samples was conducted by dot-blot and pcr-sequencing analysis. the screening was done on the basis of the possession of cry1d-type genes and was followed by the evaluation of the insecticidal activity against spodoptera littoralis. blb250 strain showed an lc50 value (56.2 μg g(-1)) against s. littoralis lower than those of the two ba ... | 2016 | 27130040 |
| adult exposure to bt toxin cry1ac reduces life span and reproduction of resistant and susceptible pink bollworm (lepidoptera: gelechiidae). | insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are used widely in sprays and transgenic plants to control insect pests. although much research has elucidated the effects of bt toxins on larvae, relatively little is known about their effects on adults. here, we evaluated the effects of exposing adults to bt toxin cry1ac on the life span and reproduction of two strains of pink bollworm (pectinophora gossypiella (saunders)). in larval diet bioassays, the concentration of cry1ac killing 50% ... | 2016 | 27133579 |
| expression of cry1ab gene from a novel bacillus thuringiensis strain sy49-1 active on pest insects. | in this study, the cry1ab gene of previously characterized and lepidoptera-, diptera-, and coleoptera-active bacillus thuringiensis sy49-1 strain was cloned, expressed and individually tested on ephestia kuehniella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) and plodia interpunctella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) larvae. pet-cry1ab plasmids were constructed by ligating the cry1ab into pet28a (+) expression vector. constructed plasmids were transferred to an escherichia coli bl21 (de3) strain rendered competent with cac ... | 2017 | 27143037 |
| fitness costs and stability of cry1fa resistance in brazilian populations of spodoptera frugiperda. | the presence of fitness costs of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal proteins in insect populations may delay or even reverse the local selection of insect resistance to bt transgenic crops, and deserves rigorous investigation. here we assessed the fitness costs associated with cry1fa resistance in two strains of fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae), derived from field collections in different brazilian regions and further selected in the laboratory fo ... | 2017 | 27147125 |
| 4-hydroxyisoleucine: a potential new treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-hil) is a compound found in trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds, which have been used as part of traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus. the synthesis of 4-hil on a large scale is possible using fermentation methods (artificial synthesis) involving the isolation of the l-isoleucine dioxygenase gene from bacillus thuringiensis, which can yield a greater quantity of 4-hil than that produced with conventional methods (82 % attained with fermentation methods v ... | 2016 | 27151154 |
| evaluation of potential fitness costs associated with ecry3.1ab resistance in diabrotica virgifera virgifera (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | both an ecry3.1ab-selected and paired control western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, colony were tested for adult longevity, egg oviposition, egg viability, and larval development in order to evaluate the potential fitness costs associated with ecry3.1ab resistance. adult longevity experiments were conducted by pairing virgin males and females together in plastic boxes supplied with food, water, and ovipositional medium and observed for survival time. eggs were also colle ... | 2016 | 27151470 |
| the persistence and ecological impacts of a cyanobacterium genetically engineered to express mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis toxins. | the cyanobacterium anabaena pcc 7120#11 has been genetically engineered to act as a delivery vehicle for bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis mosquitocidal toxins. to address ecological concerns about releasing this genetically engineered microorganism into the environment for mosquito larva control, the persistence and ecological impacts of pcc 7120#11 was evaluated using multi-species, standardized aquatic microcosms. | 2016 | 27165108 |
| marker-free transgenic rice expressing the vegetative insecticidal protein (vip) of bacillus thuringiensis shows broad insecticidal properties. | genetically engineered rice lines with broad insecticidal properties against major lepidopteran pests were generated using a synthetic, truncated form of vegetative insecticidal protein (syn vip3br) from bacillus thuringiensis. the selectable marker gene and the redundant transgene(s) were eliminated through cre/ lox mediated recombination and genetic segregation to make consumer friendly bt -rice. for sustainable resistance against lepidopteran insect pests, chloroplast targeted synthetic versi ... | 2016 | 27165311 |
| cloning, expression, purification, and insecticidal activity of a novel cry1na3 toxin from bacillus thuringiensis brc-zyr2. | bacillus thuringiensis produces a variety of insecticidal crystal proteins (icps). genome sequencing is a promising strategy for detecting and identifying b. thuringiensis icps, which are of great interest to the biocontrol field. in this study, a novel icp gene was cloned from b. thuringiensis brc-zyr2 based on genomic data from 454 gs-flx titanium sequencing and an analysis of the results using the b. thuringiensis toxin_scanner (http://bcam.hzaubmb.net/bttoxin_scanner/index.php). cry1na3 desi ... | 2016 | 27170729 |
| modification of cry4aa toward improved toxin processing in the gut of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. | aphids are sap-sucking insects (order: hemiptera) that cause extensive damage to a wide range of agricultural crops. our goal was to optimize a naturally occurring insecticidal crystalline (cry) toxins produced by the soil-dwelling bacterium bacillus thuringiensis for use against the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. on the basis that activation of the cry4aa toxin is a rate-limiting factor contributing to the relatively low aphicidal activity of this toxin, we introduced cathepsin l and cathepsin ... | 2016 | 27171411 |
| genetic transformation and expression of transgenic lines of populus x euramericana with insect-resistance and salt-tolerance genes. | we characterized new transgenic varieties of poplar with multiple insect-resistant and salt stress tolerant genes. two insect-resistant bacillus thuringiensis (bt) genes, cry1ac and cry3a, and a salt-tolerant gene, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh) were inserted into a vector, p209-cry1ac-cry3a-badh. the clone of populus x euramericana was transformed by the vector using the agrobacterium-mediated method. three transgenic lines were assessed using genetic detection and resistance expression ... | 2016 | 27173305 |
| the endochitinase chia btt of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis dsm-2803 and its potential use to control the phytopathogen colletotrichum gloeosporioides. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis dsm-2803 has been studied extensively and spore/crystal mixtures of this strain are used widely in commercial products to control coleopteran pests. the endochitinase chia btt gene of b. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis dsm-2803 was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the recombinant 6x-histidine tagged protein (rchia btt, ~74 kda), was purified by a hitrap ni affinity column. the km of rchia btt was 0.847 μmol l(-1) and its optimal activity occurr ... | 2016 | 27173732 |
| the two-component signal transduction system yvcpq regulates the bacterial resistance to bacitracin in bacillus thuringiensis. | yvcpq is one of the two-component signal transduction systems that respond to specific stimuli and enable cells to adjust multiple cellular functions. it consists of a histidine kinase yvcq and a response regulator yvcp. in this study, through searching the consensus sequence recognized by yvcp, we found four yvcp-binding motifs in the promoter regions of genes yvcr (bmb171_c4100), bmb171_c4385, kapd (bmb171_c4525) and bmb171_c4835 in bacillus thuringiensis bmb171 which is a representative of ba ... | 2016 | 27188294 |
| western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) larval movement in ecry3.1ab+mcry3a seed blend scenarios. | corn fields planted with plant-incorporated bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins must have a portion of the field planted with non-bt, isoline, plants that serve as a refuge for susceptible insects. in the corn belt, refuge seeds are now blended in the bag with bt seeds for corn hybrids containing two or more toxins targeted toward the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte. syngenta's corn hybrid, agrisure duracade, containing the ecry3.1ab (event 5307) and mcry3a (event ... | 2016 | 27190042 |
| molecular cloning, expression, and identification of bre genes involved in glycosphingolipids synthesis in helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | glycosphingolipids (gsls) play important roles in the cellular biology of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms, such as cell differentiation, tumor metastasis, and cell coordination. gsls also serve as receptors for different bacterial toxins. for example, in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans, gsls function as receptors of the insecticidal cry toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis (bt), and mutations in bre genes involved in gsls synthesis resulted in resistance to cry5 toxin in this orga ... | 2016 | 27190043 |
| maldi-tof ms portrait of emetic and non-emetic bacillus cereus group members. | the number of foodborne intoxications caused by emetic bacillus cereus isolates has increased significantly. as such, rapid and reliable methods to identify emetic strains appear to be clinically relevant. in this study, intact cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) was used to differentiate emetic and non-emetic bacilli. the phyloproteomic clustering of 34 b. cereus emetic and 88 non-emetic isolates classified as b. cereus, bacillus thur ... | 2016 | 27196540 |
| synthetic predator cues impair immune function and make the biological pesticide bti more lethal for vector mosquitoes. | the control of vector mosquitoes is one of the biggest challenges facing humankind with the use of chemical pesticides often leading to environmental impact and the evolution of resistance. although to a lesser extent, this also holds for bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti), the most widely used biological pesticide to control mosquito populations. this raises the need for the development of integrated pest management strategies that allow the reduction of bti concentrations without loss of ... | 2016 | 27209779 |
| the epidemiology of residual plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission and infection burden in an african city with high coverage of multiple vector control measures. | in the tanzanian city of dar es salaam, high coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins), larvicide application (la) and mosquito-proofed housing, was complemented with improved access to artemisinin-based combination therapy and rapid diagnostic tests by the end of 2012. | 2016 | 27216734 |
| effects of bt-transgenic rice cultivation on planktonic communities in paddy fields and adjacent ditches. | the non-target effects of transgenic plants are issues of concern; however, their impacts in cultivated agricultural fields and adjacent natural aquatic ecosystems are poorly understood. we conducted field experiments during two growing seasons to determine the effects of cultivating bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-transgenic rice on the phytoplankton and zooplankton communities in a paddy field and an adjacent ditch. bt toxin was detected in soil but not in water. water quality was not significantl ... | 2016 | 27219503 |
| bioinsecticide and leaf litter combination increases oviposition and reduces adult recruitment to create an effective ovitrap for culex mosquitoes. | mosquito egg traps, aquatic habitats baited with oviposition attractant and insecticide, are important tools for surveillance and control efforts in integrated vector management programs. the bioinsecticide bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) is increasingly used as an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical insecticides and the combination of bti with a simple oviposition attractant like leaf litter to create an effective egg trap seems appealing. however, previous research ... | 2016 | 27232134 |
| the sequence, structural, and functional diversity within a protein family and implications for specificity and safety: the case for etx_mtx2 insecticidal proteins. | the need for sustainable insect pest control is driving the investigation and discovery of insecticidal proteins outside of the typical 3-domain cry protein family from bacillus thuringiensis (bt). examples include cry35 and cry51 that belong to protein families (toxin_10, etx_mtx2) sharing a common β-pore forming structure and function with known mammalian toxins such as epsilon toxin (etx). although β-pore forming proteins are related to mammalian toxins, there are key differences in sequence ... | 2017 | 27235983 |
| microbiology of cooked and dried edible mediterranean field crickets (gryllus bimaculatus) and superworms (zophobas atratus) submitted to four different heating treatments. | to increase the shelf life of edible insects, modern techniques (e.g. freeze-drying) add to the traditional methods (degutting, boiling, sun-drying or roasting). however, microorganisms become inactivated rather than being killed, and when rehydrated, many return to vegetative stadia. crickets (gryllus bimaculatus) and superworms (zophobas atratus) were submitted to four different drying techniques (t1 = 10' cooking, 24 h drying at 60℃; t2 = 10' cooking, 24 h drying at 80℃; t3 = 30' cooking, 12 ... | 2017 | 27235993 |
| isolation and characterization of a new bacillus thuringiensis strain with a promising toxicity against lepidopteran pests. | insecticides derived from bacillus thuringiensis are gaining worldwide importance as environmentally desirable alternatives to chemicals for the control of pests in public health and agriculture. isolation and characterization of new strains with higher and broader spectrum of activity is an ever growing field. in the present work, a novel tunisian b. thuringiensis isolate named blb459 was characterized and electrophoresis assay showed that among a collection of 200 b. thuringiensis strains, the ... | 2017 | 27242138 |
| probiotic bacillus cereus strains, a potential risk for public health in china. | bacillus cereus is an important cause of foodborne infectious disease and food poisoning. however, b. cereus has also been used as a probiotic in human medicine and livestock production, with low standards of safety assessment. in this study, we evaluated the safety of 15 commercial probiotic b. cereus preparations from china in terms of mislabeling, toxin production, and transferable antimicrobial resistance. most preparations were incorrectly labeled, as they contained additional bacterial spe ... | 2016 | 27242738 |
| life-history traits of spodoptera frugiperda populations exposed to low-dose bt maize. | exposure to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins in low- and moderate-dose transgenic crops may induce sublethal effects and increase the rate of bt resistance evolution, potentially compromising control efficacy against target pests. we tested this hypothesis using the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda, a major polyphagous lepidopteran pest relatively tolerant to bt notorious for evolving field-relevant resistance to single-gene bt maize. late-instar larvae were collected from bt cry1ab and non ... | 2016 | 27243977 |
| asiatic cotton can generate similar economic benefits to bt cotton under rainfed conditions. | american cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), transformed with bacillus thuringiensis cry genes (bt g. hirsutum) that confer resistance to lepidopteran pests, is extensively cultivated worldwide. in india, transgenic bt g. hirsutum was commercially released in 2002 and by 2014 95% of farmers had adopted bt g. hirsutum(1). the economic benefits of bt g. hirsutum over non-bt g. hirsutum are well documented and include increase in yields, increase in farmers' net revenue and reduction in pesticide appli ... | 2015 | 27250007 |
| activation of bt protoxin cry1ac in resistant and susceptible cotton bollworm. | crystalline (cry) proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are used extensively for insect control in sprays and transgenic plants, but their efficacy is reduced by evolution of resistance in pests. here we evaluated reduced activation of cry1ac protoxin as a potential mechanism of resistance in the invasive pest helicoverpa armigera. based on the concentration killing 50% of larvae (lc50) for a laboratory-selected resistant strain (lf120) divided by the lc50 for its susceptible parent strain ( ... | 2016 | 27257885 |
| localization and in silico study of the vegetative insecticidal proteins vip2s-vip1s of bacillus thuringiensis. | the bacillus thuringiensis s1/4 strain was previously found to harbour vip1s, vip2s, and vip3 genes. its plasmid curing led to the obtaining of four partially cured strains s1/4-2, s1/4-3, s1/4-7, and s1/4-9 (vip2s-vip1s (-), vip3 (+)), one strain s1/4-4 (vip2s-vip1s (+), vip3 (-)), and s1/4-0 strain lacking the three genes. using these derivative strains as templates, pcr amplification and southern blot assay revealed that vip2s-vip1s operon and vip3 gene were localized on two different large p ... | 2016 | 27264647 |
| identification of an alkaline phosphatase as a putative cry1ac binding protein in ostrinia furnacalis (guenée). | asian corn borer (acb), ostrinia furnacalis, is an important insect pest of maize susceptible to different cry1a toxins. based on amino acid sequence alignment of alp sequences from lepidopteran larvae an alp gene was cloned from acb, named ofalp. pull dawn assays using biotinylated cry1ac and brush border membrane vesicles isolated from second instar acb larvae showed that four proteins of 50, 65, 68 and 70kda precipitated with the cry1ac. the 65kda band cross-reacted with the anti-ofalp monocl ... | 2016 | 27265829 |
| binding of an engineered 130-kda insecticidal protein of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis to insect cell lines. | 1993 | 27281006 | |
| preliminary report on the reduction of adult mosquitoes in housing compounds in western kenya using the provector flower and entobac bait pads containing bacillus thuringiensis israelensis with honey bait. | reducing mosquito populations indoors and outdoors can have a significant impact on malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases. a new formulation and delivery system for bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) was tested against adult mosquitoes. one entobac bait with 7% bti in a honey solution was placed within each provector flower applicator. the applicators were placed in nine housing compounds, one on the outside of each home in ahero and nyalenda, kenya, in june 2009. seven housing compoun ... | 2016 | 27282815 |
| mob/orit, a mobilizable site-specific recombination system for unmarked genetic manipulation in bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus. | bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus are two important species in b. cereus group. the intensive study of these strains at the molecular level and construction of genetically modified bacteria requires the development of efficient genetic tools. to insert genes into or delete genes from bacterial chromosomes, marker-less manipulation methods were employed. | 2016 | 27286821 |
| anthelmintic effect of bacillus thuringiensis strains against the gill fish trematode centrocestus formosanus. | parasitic agents, such as helminths, are the most important biotic factors affecting aquaculture, and the fluke centrocestus formosanus is considered to be highly pathogenic in various fish species. there have been efforts to control this parasite with chemical helminthicides, but these efforts have had unsuccessful results. we evaluated the anthelmintic effect of 37 strains of bacillus thuringiensis against c. formosanus metacercariae in vitro using two concentrations of total protein, and only ... | 2016 | 27294137 |
| peptide isolated from cry1ab16 toxin present in bacillus thuringiensis: synthesis and morphology data for layer-by-layer films studied by atomic force microscopy. | the peptide pcl342-354c was obtained from the cry1ab16 toxin present in bacillus thuringiensis ("computational modeling deduced three dimensional structure of cry1ab16 toxin from b. thuringiensis ac11" (kashyap, 2012) [1]). in this data article, we report the synthesis and characterization of the pcl342-354c peptide by maldi-tof/tof mass spectrometry. in addition, the preparation of layer-by-layer films is shown based on interspersion of this peptide with both polyethylenimine (pei) and poly(sod ... | 2016 | 27294178 |