Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| lepidoptera (crambidae, noctuidae, and pyralidae) injury to corn containing single and pyramided bt traits, and blended or block refuge, in the southern united states. | fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae); corn earworm, helicoverpa zea boddie (lepidoptera: noctuidae); southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella dyar (lepidoptera: crambidae); sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis f. (lepidoptera: crambidae); and lesser cornstalk borer, elasmopalpus lignosellus zeller (lepidoptera: pyralidae), are lepidopteran pests of corn, zea mays l., in the southern united states. blended refuge for transgenic plants expressing the i ... | 2015 | 26470116 |
| effects of pyramided bt corn and blended refuges on western corn rootworm and northern corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, and the northern corn rootworm, diabrotica barberi smith & lawrence (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), are major pests of corn (zea mays l). several transgenic corn events producing insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) kill corn rootworm larvae and reduce injury to corn roots. however, planting of bt corn imposes selection on rootworm populations to evolve bt resistance. the refuge strategy and pyr ... | 2015 | 26470183 |
| concentration-response and residual activity of insecticides to control herpetogramma phaeopteralis (lepidoptera: crambidae) in st. augustinegrass. | tropical sod webworm, herpetogramma phaeopteralis guenée, is an important pest of warm-season turfgrass in the gulf coast states of the united states, the caribbean islands, and central america. current control recommendations rely on topical application of insecticides against caterpillars. the objective of this study was to generate resistance baseline data of h. phaeopteralis to six insecticide classes. residual activity of clothianidin, chlorantraniliprole, and bifenthrin was also compared u ... | 2015 | 26470184 |
| susceptibility of nebraska western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) populations to bt corn events. | transgenic plants have been widely adopted by growers to manage the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, in field corn. because of reduced efficacy in some nebraska fields after repeated use of cry3bb1-expressing hybrids, single plant bioassays were conducted in 2012 and 2013 to characterize the susceptibility of western corn rootworm populations to the rootworm-active proteins cry3bb1, mcry3a, and cry34/35ab1. results demonstrate that there are heritable differences in ... | 2015 | 26470186 |
| fall armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) development, survivorship, and damage on cotton plants expressing insecticidal plant-incorporated protectants. | cotton, gossypium hirsutum (l.), plants expressing insecticidal crystal (cry) proteins of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) berliner are planted on significant acreage across the southern region of the united states. fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith), can be a significant cotton pest in some years, but this species has not been a primary target of bt cotton technologies. the objective of this study was to quantify fall armyworm larval survivorship and fruiting form injury on transgeni ... | 2015 | 26470233 |
| intraear compensation of field corn, zea mays, from simulated and naturally occurring injury by ear-feeding larvae. | ear-feeding larvae, such as corn earworm, helicoverpa zea boddie (lepidoptera: noctuidae), can be important insect pests of field corn, zea mays l., by feeding on kernels. recently introduced, stacked bacillus thuringiensis (bt) traits provide improved protection from ear-feeding larvae. thus, our objective was to evaluate how injury to kernels in the ear tip might affect yield when this injury was inflicted at the blister and milk stages. in 2010, simulated corn earworm injury reduced total ker ... | 2015 | 26470235 |
| balancing bt toxin avoidance and nutrient intake by helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae. | to evaluate how the cry1ac bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin and the ratio of dietary protein to carbohydrate (p:c) independently and jointly affect helicoverpa zea (boddie) larval feeding performance and behavior, we conducted no-choice and binary choice experiments using chemically defined diets. we tested two related strains of this polyphagous pest: a strain selected for resistance to cry1ac in the laboratory (ga-r), and its field-derived parent strain (ga). in no-choice tests, feeding perfo ... | 2015 | 26470372 |
| a novel formulation of bacillus thuringiensis for the control of brassica leaf beetle, phaedon brassicae (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | cabbage is a major vegetable crop over the world. various insect pests can affect cabbage production. excessive spray of chemical insecticides can lead to the development of insecticide resistance with various adverse effects on the environment and humans. brassica leaf beetle, phaedon brassicae baly, is a coleopteran pest. both larvae and adults cause damages to cabbage. the objective of this study was to develop an effective microbial insecticide against p. brassicae by adding an immunosuppres ... | 2015 | 26470390 |
| genome sequences of two bacillus cereus group bacteriophages, eyuki and avesobmore. | the genomes of two double-stranded dna (dsdna) bacteriophages isolated on bacillus thuringiensis show similarity to previously sequenced phages and provide evidence of the mosaicism of phage genomes. | 2015 | 26472840 |
| cross-resistance between cry1 proteins in fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) may affect the durability of current pyramided bt maize hybrids in brazil. | genetically modified plants expressing insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) offer valuable options for managing insect pests with considerable environmental and economic benefits. despite the benefits provided by bt crops, the continuous expression of these insecticidal proteins imposes strong selection for resistance in target pest populations. bt maize (zea mays) hybrids have been successful in controlling fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda), the main maize pest in brazil s ... | 2015 | 26473961 |
| preparation of nanoscale bacillus thuringiensis chitinases using silica nanoparticles for nematicide delivery. | a series of amino, carboxylic, and aldehydic surface-grafted silica nanoparticles (snps) was prepared based on sio2 nysi40 nanoparticles to develop an efficient, biocompatible, and cost-effective biopesticide delivery system. bacillus thuringiensis chitinase (chi9602) was immobilized onto snp surface to prepare nanoscale chitinases (snpcs) through electrostatic adsorption and covalent binding. the specimens were characterized by fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and zeta- ... | 2016 | 26476241 |
| growth of hydroxyapatite on the cellular membrane of the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis for the preparation of hybrid biomaterials. | this study aimed to grow hydroxyapatite (hap) crystals on the cellular wall of the gram-positive bacterium bacillus thuringiensis using a bio-mimetic method. several strains were phenotypically and genotypically characterized using multilocus sequence typing (mlst) gene markers to differentiate the strains and confirm the identity of the isolated species to guarantee that the selected species was not harmful to human health or the environment. three of the analyzed strains were selected because ... | 2016 | 26478352 |
| identification of differentially expressed micrornas between bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab-resistant and -susceptible strains of ostrinia furnacalis. | the asian corn borer (acb), ostrinia furnacalis (guenée), can develop strong resistance to cry1ab, the most widely commercialized cry toxin for bt maize worldwide. it is essential to understand the mechanism of resistance for management of this species, but information on the post-transcriptional regulation of bt resistance in this target insect is limited. in the present study, rna was extracted from the acb in various larval stages (1-5 instar) from cry1ab-sensitive (acb-bts) and -resistant (a ... | 2015 | 26486179 |
| correction: multi-method approach for characterizing the interaction between fusarium verticillioides and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. | 2015 | 26488478 | |
| toxicological and biochemical analyses demonstrate no toxic effect of cry1c and cry2a to folsomia candida. | collembolans are common soil arthropods that may be exposed to insecticidal proteins produced in genetically engineered (ge) plants by ingestion of crop residues or root exudates. in the present study, a dietary exposure assay was validated and used to assess the lethal and sublethal effects of two bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal proteins, cry1c and cry2a, on folsomia candida. using the insecticidal compounds potassium arsenate (pa), protease inhibitor (e-64), and galanthus nivalis aggl ... | 2015 | 26494315 |
| analysis of bacillus thuringiensis population dynamics and its interaction with pseudomonas fluorescens in soil. | bacillus thuringiensis is the most successful biological control agent, however, studies so far have shown that b. thuringiensis is very sensitive to environmental factors such as soil moisture and ph. ultraviolet light from the sun had been considered as the main limiting factor for its persistence in soil and it has recently been shown that the antagonism exerted by other native soil organisms, such as pseudomonas fluorescens, is a determining factor in the persistence of this bacterium under ... | 2015 | 26495114 |
| interim analysis of the contribution of high-level evidence for dengue vector control. | this interim analysis reviews the available systematic literature for dengue vector control on three levels: 1) single and combined vector control methods, with existing work on peridomestic space spraying and on bacillus thuringiensis israelensis; further work is available soon on the use of temephos, copepods and larvivorous fish; 2) or for a specific purpose, like outbreak control, and 3) on a strategic level, as for example decentralization vs centralization, with a systematic review on vect ... | 2015 | 26506739 |
| production of co-polymers of polyhydroxyalkanoates by regulating the hydrolysis of biowastes. | production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) co-polymers by bacillus spp. was studied by feeding defined volatile fatty acids (vfas) obtained through controlled hydrolysis of various wastes. eleven mixed hydrolytic cultures (mhcs) each containing 6 strains could generate vfa from slurries of (2% total solids): pea-shells (ps), potato peels (pp), apple pomace (ap) and onion peels (op). ps hydrolysates (obtained with mhc2 and mhc5) inoculated with bacillus cereus egu43 and bacillus thuringiensis egu45 ... | 2016 | 26512866 |
| food safety knowledge on the bt mutant protein cry8ka5 employed in the development of coleopteran-resistant transgenic cotton plants. | insecticidal cry proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have been exploited in the development of genetically modified (gm) crops for pest control. however, several pests are still difficult to control such as the coleopteran boll weevil anthonomus grandis. by applying in vitro molecular evolution to the cry8ka1 gene sequence, variants were generated with improved activity against a. grandis. among them, cry8ka5 mutant protein showed coleoptericidal activity 3-fold higher (lc50 2.83 μg/ml) th ... | 2015 | 26513483 |
| heat and desiccation are the predominant factors affecting inactivation of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus thuringiensis spores during simulated composting. | the suitability of composting for disposal of livestock mortalities due to bacillus anthracis was assessed by measuring viability of surrogate spores from two strains each of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus thuringiensis after a heating cycle modelled on a cattle composting study. | 2016 | 26513540 |
| draft genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis 147, a brazilian strain with high insecticidal activity. | bacillus thuringiensis is a ubiquitous gram-positive and sporulating bacterium. its crystals and secreted toxins are useful tools against larvae of diverse insect orders and, as a consequence, an alternative to recalcitrant chemical insecticides. we report here the draft genome sequence of b. thuringiensis147, a strain isolated from brazil and with high insecticidal activity. the assembled genome contained 6,167,994 bp and was distributed in seven replicons (a chromosome and 6 plasmids). we iden ... | 0 | 26517667 |
| tribolium castaneum defensins are primarily active against gram-positive bacteria. | the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum is a destructive insect pest of stored food and feed products, and a model organism for development, evolutionary biology and immunity. the insect innate immune system includes antimicrobial peptides (amps) with a wide spectrum of targets including viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. defensins are an evolutionarily-conserved class of amps and a potential new source of antimicrobial agents. in this context, we report the antimicrobial activity, phyloge ... | 2015 | 26522790 |
| a high-throughput, in-vitro assay for bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins. | a high-throughput, in-vitro assay for bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal proteins designated as cry was developed and evaluated for screening a large number of cry protein variants produced by dna shuffling. this automation-amenable assay exploits an insect cell line expressing a single receptor of bt cry proteins. the cry toxin used to develop this assay is a variant of the cry1ab protein called ip1-88, which was produced previously by dna shuffling. cell mortality caused by the activated ... | 2016 | 26524384 |
| statistical optimization of medium components and physicochemical parameters to simultaneously enhance bacterial growth and esterase production by bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis is a genus extensively studied because of its high potential for biotechnological application, principally in biocontrol techniques. however, the optimization of esterase production by this strain has been scarcely studied. the aim of this work was to select and optimize the physicochemical and nutritional parameters that significantly influence the growth and esterase production of b. thuringiensis. to this purpose, 6 nutritional factors and 2 physicochemical parameters w ... | 2016 | 26529589 |
| an overview of the safety and biological effects of bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins in mammals. | crystal proteins (cry) produced during the growth and sporulation phases of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) bacterium are known as delta endotoxins. these toxins are being used worldwide as bioinsecticides to control pests in agriculture, and some cry toxins are used against mosquitoes to control vector transmission. this review summarizes the relevant information currently available regarding the biosafety and biological effects that bt and its insecticidal cry proteins elicit in mammals. this work ... | 2016 | 26537666 |
| detection of boron removal capacities of different microorganisms in wastewater and effective removal process. | in this study boron removal capacities of different microorganisms were tested. candida tropicalis, rhodotorula mucilaginosa, micrococcus luteus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus cereus, bacillus megaterium, bacillus pumilus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and aspergillus versicolor were examined for their boron bioaccumulation capacities in simulated municipal wastewater. a. versicolor and b. cereus were found as the most boron-tolerant microorganisms in the experiments. also boron bioaccumulation yiel ... | 2015 | 26540546 |
| the interaction of two-spotted spider mites, tetranychus urticae koch, with cry protein production and predation by amblyseius andersoni (chant) in cry1ac/cry2ab cotton and cry1f maize. | crops producing insecticidal crystal (cry) proteins from the bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis (bt), are an important tool for managing lepidopteran pests on cotton and maize. however, the effects of these bt crops on non-target organisms, especially natural enemies that provide biological control services, are required to be addressed in an environmental risk assessment. amblyseius andersoni (acari: phytoseiidae) is a cosmopolitan predator of the two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae (ac ... | 2016 | 26545599 |
| understanding the structure and function of bacillus thuringiensis toxins. | as biological control agents take an expanding share of the pesticides market and the production of insect-resistant crops increases, it is essential to understand the structure and function of the active agents, the invertebrate-active toxins that are the fundamental ingredients of these control systems. the potential for these agents in industry, agriculture and medicine necessitates a thorough investigation of their activity. | 2016 | 26548713 |
| persistence of detectable insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (cry) and toxicity after adsorption on contrasting soils. | insecticidal cry, or bt, proteins are produced by the soil-endemic bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis and some genetically modified crops. their environmental fate depends on interactions with soil. little is known about the toxicity of adsorbed proteins and the change in toxicity over time. we incubated cry1ac and cry2a in contrasting soils subjected to different treatments to inhibit microbial activity. the toxin was chemically extracted and immunoassayed. manduca sexta was the target insect fo ... | 2016 | 26549751 |
| bt crops benefit natural enemies to control non-target pests. | crops producing insecticidal crystal (cry) proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) control important lepidopteran pests. however, pests such as aphids not susceptible to cry proteins may require other integrated pest management (ipm) tactics, including biological control. we fed aphids on bt and non-bt plants and analyzed the bt protein residue in aphids and compared the effects of bt plants and a pyrethroid, lambda-cyhalothrin, on the performance of three natural enemies (predators: coleomegi ... | 2015 | 26559133 |
| multi-toxin resistance enables pink bollworm survival on pyramided bt cotton. | transgenic crops producing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins kill key insect pests, providing economic and environmental benefits. however, the evolution of pest resistance threatens the continued success of such bt crops. to delay or counter resistance, transgenic plant "pyramids" producing two or more bt proteins that kill the same pest have been adopted extensively. field populations of the pink bollworm (pectinophora gossypiella) in the united states have remained susceptible to bt toxins ... | 2015 | 26559899 |
| current trends in bt crops and their fate on associated microbial community dynamics: a review. | cry protein expressing insect-resistant trait is mostly deployed to control major devastating pests and minimize reliance on the conventional pesticides. however, the ethical and environmental issues are the major constraints in their acceptance, and consequently, the cultivation of genetically modified (gm) crops has invited intense debate. since root exudates of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crops harbor the insecticidal protein, there is a growing concern about the release and accumulation of s ... | 2016 | 26560114 |
| anti-cancer parasporin toxins are associated with different environments: discovery of two novel parasporin 5-like genes. | cry toxins are primarily a family of insecticidal toxins produced by the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt). however, some cry toxins, called parasporins (pss), are non-insecticidal and have been shown to differentially kill human cancer cells. based on amino acid homology, there are currently six different classes of parasporins (ps1-6). it is not known what role parasporins play in nature, nor if certain pss are associated with bt found in particular environments. herein, we present ten par ... | 2016 | 26563301 |
| mating success, longevity, and fertility of diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte (chrysomelidae: coleoptera) in relation to body size and cry3bb1-resistant and cry3bb1-susceptible genotypes. | insect resistance to population control methodologies is a widespread problem. the development of effective resistance management programs is often dependent on detailed knowledge regarding the biology of individual species and changes in that biology associated with resistance evolution. this study examined the reproductive behavior and biology of western corn rootworm beetles of known body size from lines resistant and susceptible to the cry3bb1 protein toxin expressed in transgenic bacillus t ... | 2015 | 26569315 |
| bacteriocins from the rhizosphere microbiome - from an agriculture perspective. | bacteria produce and excrete a versatile and dynamic suit of compounds to defend against microbial competitors and mediate local population dynamics. these include a wide range of broad-spectrum non-ribosomally synthesized antibiotics, lytic enzymes, metabolic by-products, proteinaceous exotoxins, and ribosomally produced antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins). most bacteria produce at least one bacteriocin. bacteriocins are of interest in the food industry as natural preservatives and in the pro ... | 2015 | 26579159 |
| insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry2ab is conferred by mutations in an abc transporter subfamily a protein. | the use of conventional chemical insecticides and bacterial toxins to control lepidopteran pests of global agriculture has imposed significant selection pressure leading to the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance. transgenic crops (e.g., cotton) expressing the bt cry toxins are now used world wide to control these pests, including the highly polyphagous and invasive cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera. since 2004, the cry2ab toxin has become widely used for controlling h. armigera, often ... | 2015 | 26583651 |
| side effects of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki on the hymenopterous parasitic wasp trichogramma chilonis. | most of the detrimental effects of using conventional insecticides to control crop pests are now well identified and are nowadays major arguments for replacing such compounds by the use of biological control agents. in this respect, the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki and trichogramma (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) parasitic wasp species are both effective against lepidopterous pests and can actually be used concomitantly. in this work, we studied the potential side effects of b ... | 2016 | 26590060 |
| high instability of a nematicidal cry toxin plasmid in bacillus thuringiensis. | in bacterial pathogens, virulence factors are often carried on plasmids and other mobile genetic elements, and as such, plasmid evolution is central in understanding pathogenicity. bacillus thuringiensis is an invertebrate pathogen that uses plasmid-encoded crystal (cry) toxins to establish infections inside the host. our study aimed to quantify stability of two cry toxin-encoding plasmids, bti_23p and bti_16p, under standard laboratory culturing conditions. these two plasmids are part of the ge ... | 2016 | 26592941 |
| the two lives of bacillus thuringiensis: response to ruan et al. and loguercio and argôlo-filho. | 2016 | 26602444 | |
| improvement and efficient display of bacillus thuringiensis toxins on m13 phages and ribosomes. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) produces insecticidal proteins that have been used worldwide in the control of insect-pests in crops and vectors of human diseases. however, different insect species are poorly controlled by the available bt toxins or have evolved resistance to these toxins. evolution of bt toxicity could provide novel toxins to control insect pests. to this aim, efficient display systems to select toxins with increased binding to insect membranes or midgut proteins involved in toxici ... | 2015 | 26606918 |
| transformation and evaluation of cry1ac+cry2a and gtgene in gossypium hirsutum l. | more than 50 countries around the globe cultivate cotton on a large scale. it is a major cash crop of pakistan and is considered "white gold" because it is highly important to the economy of pakistan. in addition to its importance, cotton cultivation faces several problems, such as insect pests, weeds, and viruses. in the past, insects have been controlled by insecticides, but this method caused a severe loss to the economy. however, conventional breeding methods have provided considerable break ... | 2015 | 26617613 |
| the fate of fusion cry1ab/1ac proteins from bt-transgenic rice in soil and water. | toxin proteins form transgenic crops entering into the environment are likely affect non-target organisms. to investigate the entry route and fate of fusion cry1ab/1ac proteins from transgenic rice expressing insecticide toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) in soil and water, we conducted greenhouse and field experiments in 2013 and 2014. cry1ab/1ac proteins from bt-transgenic rice in soil was found within a horizontal range of 25cm, where most of plant roots distributed. concentration of cry ... | 2016 | 26624932 |
| effects of 90-day feeding of transgenic maize bt799 on the reproductive system in male wistar rats. | bt799 is a genetically modified (gm) maize plant that expresses the cry1ac gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt). the cry1ac gene was introduced into maize line zhen58 to encode the bt crystal protein and thus produce insect-resistant maize bt799. expression of bt protein in planta confers resistance to lepidopteran pests and corn rootworms. the present study was designed to investigate any potential effects of bt799 on the reproductive system of male rats and evaluate the nutritional value of d ... | 2015 | 26633453 |
| comments on ekino et al. cloning and characterization of a unique cytotoxic protein parasporin-5 produced by bacillus thuringiensis a1100 strain. toxins 2014, 6, 1882-1895. | 2015 | 26633498 | |
| response to leopoldo palma. comments on ekino et al. cloning and characterization of a unique cytotoxic protein parasporin-5 produced by bacillus thuringiensis a1100 strain. toxins 2014, 6, 1882-1895. | 2015 | 26633499 | |
| binding and oligomerization of modified and native bt toxins in resistant and susceptible pink bollworm. | insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are used extensively in sprays and transgenic crops for pest control, but their efficacy is reduced when pests evolve resistance. better understanding of the mode of action of bt toxins and the mechanisms of insect resistance is needed to enhance the durability of these important alternatives to conventional insecticides. mode of action models agree that binding of bt toxins to midgut proteins such as cadherin is essential for toxicity, but ... | 2015 | 26633693 |
| diversity of arthropod community in transgenic poplar-cotton ecosystems. | poplar-cotton agro-ecosystems are the main agricultural planting modes of plain cotton fields in china. here, we performed a systematic survey of the diversity and population of arthropod communities in four different combination of poplar-cotton eco-systems, including i) non-transgenic poplar and non-transgenic cotton fields; ii) non-transgenic poplar and transgenic cotton fields [bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton]; iii) bt transgenic poplar (high insect resistant strain pb29) and non-transgen ... | 2015 | 26634539 |
| field-evolved mode 1 resistance of the fall armyworm to transgenic cry1fa-expressing corn associated with reduced cry1fa toxin binding and midgut alkaline phosphatase expression. | insecticidal protein genes from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are expressed by transgenic bt crops (bt crops) for effective and environmentally safe pest control. the development of resistance to these insecticidal proteins is considered the most serious threat to the sustainability of bt crops. resistance in fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) populations from puerto rico to transgenic corn producing the cry1fa insecticidal protein resulted, for the first time in the united states ... | 2016 | 26637593 |
| development of an amino acid-functionalized fluorescent nanocarrier to deliver a toxin to kill insect pests. | large-scale cultivation of bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) crops has led to the rapid development of drug resistance. herein, a fluorescent star poly(amino acid) is synthesized with l-isoleucine functionalization for the efficient delivery of either positively or negatively charged exogenous proteins into live cells. poly(amino acid)s (p1)/cry1ab complexes greatly increase the cytotoxicity of the bt toxin, cry1ab, and efficiently kill bt-resistant pests. | 2016 | 26640174 |
| high sensitivity bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac protein detections using fluorescein diacetate nanoparticles. | a highly sensitive transgenic protein analysis method was proposed here based on fluorescein diacetate (fda). first, fda was prepared by the ball mill to harvest the nano-sized organic particles. further examines showed that the fda size can be controlled by the speed of centrifugation which can obtain fda in well-distributed size. cy3 antibody immobilization tests showed that the proteins can attach onto the fda particles while keep bioactivities. fda and cry1ac antibody immunoassay tests showe ... | 2016 | 26642804 |
| transcriptional cellular responses in midgut tissue of aedes aegypti larvae following intoxication with cry11aa toxin from bacillus thuringiensis. | although much is known about the mechanism of action of bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins, the target tissue cellular responses to toxin activity is less understood. previous transcriptomic studies indicated that significant changes in gene expression occurred during intoxication. however, most of these studies were done in organisms without a sequenced and annotated reference genome. a reference genome and transcriptome is available for the mosquito aedes aegypti, and its importance as a diseas ... | 2015 | 26645277 |
| gasmin (bv2-5), a polydnaviral-acquired gene in spodoptera exigua. trade-off in the defense against bacterial and viral infections. | thousands of hymenopteran endoparasitoids have developed a unique symbiotic relationship with viruses named polydnavirus (pdvs). these viruses immunocompromise the lepidopteran host allowing the survival of the wasp eggs. in a previous work, we have shown the horizontal transfer of some polydnaviral genes into the genome of the lepidoptera, spodoptera exigua. one of these genes, bv2-5 (named gasmin) interferes with actin polymerization, negatively affecting the multiplication of baculovirus in c ... | 2016 | 26658027 |
| genome sequence of the mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis strain br58, a biopesticide product effective against the coffee berry borer (hypothenemus hampei). | bacillus thuringiensis is an important microbial control agent against insect pests. the draft genome sequence of the brazilian strain br58 described here contains the insecticidal genes cry4a, cry4b, cry10a, cry11a, cry60a, cry60b, and cyt1a, which show toxicity to both aedes aegypti and hypothenemus hampei larvae. | 2015 | 26659669 |
| alkaline phosphatases are involved in the response of aedes aegypti larvae to intoxication with bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cry toxins. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) is a natural pathogen of dipterans widely used as a biological insecticide for mosquito control. to characterize the response of mosquitoes to intoxication with bti, the transcriptome profile of bti-exposed susceptible aedes aegypti larvae was analysed using illumina rna-seq. gene expression of 11 alkaline phosphatases (alps) was further investigated by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and alp activity was measured in the susceptibl ... | 2016 | 26663676 |
| molecular characterisation of the vitellogenin gene (alvg) and its expression after apolygus lucorum had fed on different hosts. | the polyphagous pest apolygus lucorum is now the dominant pest of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton in china. in this study, the transcriptional and translational profiles of alvg influenced by different hosts were identified, and then the correlations between alvg gene or alvg protein expression and key population proliferation parameters of a. lucorum were further clarified. | 2016 | 26663893 |
| real-time pcr identification of unique bacillus anthracis sequences. | bacillus anthracis is a spore-forming, gram-positive microorganism. it is a causative agent of anthrax, a highly infectious disease. it belongs to the "bacillus cereus group", which contains other closely related species, including bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus weihenstephanensis, and bacillus pseudomycoides. b. anthracis naturally occurs in soil environments. the ba5345 genetic marker was used for highly specific detection of b. anthracis with taqman probe ... | 2015 | 26667574 |
| resistance to dual-gene bt maize in spodoptera frugiperda: selection, inheritance, and cross-resistance to other transgenic events. | transgenic crop "pyramids" producing two or more bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins active against the same pest are used to delay evolution of resistance in insect pest populations. laboratory and greenhouse experiments were performed with fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda, to characterize resistance to bt maize producing cry1a.105 and cry2ab and test some assumptions of the "pyramid" resistance management strategy. selection of a field-derived strain of s. frugiperda already resistant to cr ... | 2015 | 26675246 |
| effects of a red marker dye on aedes and culex larvae: are there implications for operational mosquito control? | marker dyes are often mixed with liquid insecticide formulations prior to field applications to accurately determine the characteristics and penetration of droplets into targeted habitats. we have been using fd&c red 40 granular dm food dye at the rate of 20 g/liter in liquid solutions of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) for area-wide larvicide applications against the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus. the bti and dye mix ratio has been recommended by pesticide manufacturers for te ... | 2015 | 26675462 |
| intracellular and extracellular expression of bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein cry5b in lactococcus lactis for use as an anthelminthic. | the bacillus thuringiensis crystal (cry) protein cry5b (140 kda) and a truncated version of the protein, tcry5b (79 kda), are lethal to nematodes. genes encoding the two proteins were separately cloned into a high-copy-number vector with a strong constitutive promoter (ptrk593) in lactococcus lactis for potential oral delivery against parasitic nematode infections. western blots using a cry5b-specific antibody revealed that constitutively expressed cry5b and tcry5b were present in both cells and ... | 2015 | 26682852 |
| experimental design and bayesian networks for enhancement of delta-endotoxin production by bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is a gram-positive bacterium. the entomopathogenic activity of bt is related to the existence of the crystal consisting of protoxins, also called delta-endotoxins. in order to optimize and explain the production of delta-endotoxins of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, we studied seven medium components: soybean meal, starch, kh₂po₄, k₂hpo₄, feso₄, mnso₄, and mgso₄and their relationships with the concentration of delta-endotoxins using an experimental design (plackett-b ... | 2015 | 26689874 |
| toxicological evaluation of a potential immunosensitizer for use as a mucosal adjuvant--bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac spore-crystals: a possible inverse agonist that deserves further investigation. | in addition to their applicability as biopesticides, bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ac spore-crystals are being researched in the immunology field for their potential as adjuvants in mucosal and parenteral immunizations. we aimed to investigate the hematotoxicity and genotoxicity of bt spore-crystals genetically modified to express cry1ac individually, administered orally (p.o.) or with a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 24 h before euthanasia, to simulate the routes of mucosal and paren ... | 2015 | 26690217 |
| importance of thr(328) and thr(369) for functional maintenance of two receptor-binding β-hairpins of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin: implications for synergistic interactions with cyt2aa2. | bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba mosquito-active toxin was previously shown to utilize two critical loop-residues, tyr(332) and phe(364) which are respectively located in β2-β3 and β4-β5 loops, for synergistic interactions with its alternative receptor-cyt2aa2. here, structural analysis of the cry4ba-receptor-binding domain revealed that its n-terminal subdomain encompasses β2-β3 and β4-β5 hairpins which are stabilized by inter-hairpin hydrogen bonding between thr(328) in β2 and thr(369) in β5. fun ... | 2016 | 26692482 |
| different effects of bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ab on midgut cell transmembrane potential of mythimna separata and agrotis ipsilon larvae. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry toxins from the cry1a family demonstrate significantly different toxicities against members of the family noctuidae for unknown reasons. in this study, membrane potential was measured and analyzed in freshly isolated midgut samples from mythimna separata and agrotis ipsilon larvae under oral administration and in vitro incubation with bt toxin cry1ab to elucidate the mechanism of action for further control of these pests. bioassay results showed that the larvae of ... | 2015 | 26694463 |
| effects of transgenic cry1ca rice on the development of xenopus laevis. | in fields of genetically modified, insect-resistant rice expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins, frogs are exposed to bt cry proteins by consuming both target and non-target insects, and through their highly permeable skin. in the present study, we assessed the potential risk posed by transgenic cry1ca rice (t1c-19) on the development of a frog species by adding purified cry1ca protein or t1c-19 rice straw into the rearing water of xenopus laevis tadpoles, and by feeding x. laevis frogl ... | 2015 | 26695426 |
| in-silico determination of insecticidal potential of vip3aa-cry1ac fusion protein against lepidopteran targets using molecular docking. | study and research of bt (bacillus thuringiensis) transgenic plants have opened new ways to combat insect pests. over the decades, however, insect pests, especially the lepidopteran, have developed tolerance against bt delta-endotoxins. such issues can be addressed through the development of novel toxins with greater toxicity and affinity against a broad range of insect receptors. in this computational study, functional domains of bacillus thuringiensis crystal delta-endotoxin (cry1ac) insectici ... | 2015 | 26697037 |
| composition of the putative prepore complex of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin. | prepore formation is hypothesized to be an obligate step in the insertion of cry1ab toxin into insect brush border membrane vesicles. we examined the architecture of the putative prepore when isolated using the published protocols [1] [2]. our results demonstrate that the putative prepore form of cry1ab is a combination of receptor proteins attached to the toxin, when purified. the results also suggest that this prepore form as prepared by the methods published is different from other membrane-e ... | 2015 | 26702367 |
| the complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis serovar hailuosis ywc2-8. | bacillus thuringiensis, a typical aerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium, is an important microbial insecticide widely used in the control of agricultural pests. b. thuringiensis serovar hailuosis ywc2-8 with high insecticidal activity against diptera and lepidoptera insects has three insecticidal crystal protein genes, such as cry4cb2, cry30ea2, and cry56aa1. in this study, the complete genome sequence of b. thuringiensis ywc2-8 was analyzed, which contains one circular gapless chromos ... | 2016 | 26707806 |
| the cry1ab protein has minor effects on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities after five seasons of continuous bt maize cultivation. | the cultivation of genetically modified plants (gmp) has raised concerns regarding the plants' ecological safety. a greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the impact of five seasons of continuous bt (bacillus thuringiensis) maize cultivation on the colonisation and community structure of the non-target organisms arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) in the maize roots, bulk soils and rhizospheric soils using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) analysis of the 28s r ... | 2015 | 26717324 |
| complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis ctc-a typical strain with high production of s-layer proteins. | bacillus thuringiensis ctc, which is identified as serotype h2, serovar. finitimus, is high production of s-layer protein. due to the property of forming isoporous lattices on the whole cell surface, s-layer protein has been widely used in (nano) biotechnology, biomimetics, biomedicine, especially been employed for displaying many important active proteins. here, we report the complete genome of strain ctc, which contains one circular chromosome and one linear plasmid. | 2016 | 26718563 |
| transgenic bt cotton driven by the green tissue-specific promoter shows strong toxicity to lepidopteran pests and lower bt toxin accumulation in seeds. | a promoter of the pnzip (pharbitis nil leucine zipper) gene (1.459 kb) was cloned from pharbitis nil and fused to the gus (β-glucuronidase) and bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin (cry9c) genes. several transgenic pnzip::gus and pnzip::cry9c cotton lines were developed by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. strong gus staining was detected in the green tissues of the transgenic pnzip::gus cotton plants. in contrast, gus staining in the reproductive structures such as petals, anther, and immature ... | 2016 | 26728504 |
| valorization of soy waste through ssf for the production of compost enriched with bacillus thuringiensis with biopesticide properties. | there is a growing generation of biodegradable wastes from different human activities from industrial to agricultural including home and recreational activities. on the other hand, agricultural and horticultural activities require significant amounts of organic amendments and pesticides. in this framework, the present study evaluates the viability of soy fiber residue valorization as organic soil amendment with biopesticide properties through aerobic solid-state fermentation (ssf) in the presenc ... | 2016 | 26731311 |
| determining the drift potential of venturi nozzles compared with standard nozzles across three insecticide spray solutions in a wind tunnel. | previous research has sought to adopt the use of drift-reducing technologies (drts) for use in field trials to control diamondback moth (dbm) plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera: plutellidae) in canola (brassica napus l.). previous studies observed no difference in canopy penetration from fine to coarse sprays, but the coverage was higher for fine sprays. dbm has a strong propensity to avoid sprayed plant material, putting further pressure on selecting technologies that maximise coverage, but ... | 2016 | 26732308 |
| selection and characterization of resistance to the vip3aa20 protein from bacillus thuringiensis in spodoptera frugiperda. | spodoptera frugiperda is one the main target pests of maize events expressing vip3aa20 protein from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) in brazil. in this study, we selected a resistant strain of s. frugiperda on bt maize expressing vip3aa20 protein and characterized the inheritance and fitness costs of the resistance. | 2016 | 26733182 |
| transcriptome analysis of bacillus thuringiensis spore life, germination and cell outgrowth in a vegetable-based food model. | toxigenic species belonging to bacillus cereus sensu lato, including bacillus thuringiensis, cause foodborne outbreaks thanks to their capacity to survive as spores and to grow in food matrixes. the goal of this work was to assess by means of a genome-wide transcriptional assay, in the food isolate b. thuringiensis uc10070, the gene expression behind the process of spore germination and consequent outgrowth in a vegetable-based food model. scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray ... | 2016 | 26742618 |
| monitoring susceptibility of western bean cutworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) field populations to bacillus thuringiensis cry1f protein. | zea mays l. (maize) hybrids producing the cry1f protein from bacillus thuringiensis were first commercialized in the united states in 2003. these products demonstrated varying levels of moderate control, but not immunity to striacosta albicosta (smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) (western bean cutworm). susceptibility of western bean cutworm to cry1f protein was assessed in field populations collected in the mid- and western united states in 2003, 2004, 2013, and 2014 using diet bioassay. a meta-an ... | 2016 | 26748981 |
| molecular and insecticidal characterization of vip3a protein producing bacillus thuringiensis strains toxic against helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | vegetative insecticidal proteins (vip) represent the second generation of insecticidal proteins produced by bacillus thuringiensis (bt) during the vegetative growth stage of growth. bt-based biopesticides are recognized as viable alternatives to chemical insecticides; the latter cause environmental pollution and lead to the emergence of pest resistance. to perform a systematic study of vip genes encoding toxic proteins, a total of 30 soil samples were collected from diverse locations of kashmir ... | 2016 | 26751639 |
| [transcriptional regulation of aco gene cluster in bacillus thuringiensis]. | we analyzed the transcriptional regulation of aco gene cluster and the phenotype of acor mutant, to determine the effect of acor deletion on sporulation efficiency and cry protein production. | 2015 | 26762027 |
| dissecting the self-assembly kinetics of multimeric pore-forming toxins. | pore-forming toxins are ubiquitous cytotoxins that are exploited by both bacteria and the immune response of eukaryotes. these toxins kill cells by assembling large multimeric pores on the cell membrane. however, a quantitative understanding of the mechanism and kinetics of this self-assembly process is lacking. we propose an analytically solvable kinetic model for stepwise, reversible oligomerization. in biologically relevant limits, we obtain simple algebraic expressions for the rate of pore f ... | 2016 | 26763328 |
| [effect of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) on detoxification enzyme activity of larvae of culex pipiens pallens and aedes aegypti]. | to investigate the effect of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) on the activities of three detoxification enzymes of culex pipiens pallens and aedes aegypti larvae. | 2015 | 26767261 |
| construction of an environmental safe bacillus thuringiensis engineered strain against coleoptera. | cloning of new toxic genes from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and construction of bt engineered strains are two key strategies for bio-control of coleopteran pests in agriculture and forestry. in this study, we cloned a new cry3aa-type gene, cry3aa8, from wild bt strain yc-03 against coleopteran, and constructed a bt engineered strain, ace-38, containing insecticidal protein-encoding gene cry3aa8. the engineered strain, with almost four times of cry3aa yield compared with strain yc-03, was an anti ... | 2016 | 26767987 |
| genomic characterization and comparison of seven myoviridae bacteriophage infecting bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, a bacterium that is a source of biopesticides and a safe simulant for pathogenic bacillus species, was used to isolate seven unique bacteriophages. the phage genomes were sequenced and ranged in size from 158,100 to 163,019 bp encoding 290-299 genes, and the gc content of ~38% was similar to that of the host bacterium. all phages had terminal repeats 2-3 kb long. three of the phages encoded trnas and three contained a self-splicing intron in the dna polymerase ge ... | 2016 | 26773385 |
| can pyramids and seed mixtures delay resistance to bt crops? | the primary strategy for delaying the evolution of pest resistance to transgenic crops that produce insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) entails refuges of plants that do not produce bt toxins and thus allow survival of susceptible pests. recent advances include using refuges together with bt crop 'pyramids' that make two or more bt toxins effective against the same pest, and planting seed mixtures yielding random distributions of pyramided bt and non-bt corn plants within fiel ... | 2016 | 26774592 |
| long-term toxicity study on genetically modified corn with cry1ac gene in a wuzhishan miniature pig model. | the objective of the present study was to investigate the chronic effect of transgenic maize lines by the insertion of the cry1ac gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) on the growth performance, immune response and health using a wuzhishan miniature pig model through a 196-day feeding study. | 2016 | 26777397 |
| microbiota plays a role in oral immune priming in tribolium castaneum. | animals are inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms. the relevance of such microbiota is increasingly being recognized across a broad spectrum of species, ranging from sponges to primates, revealing various beneficial roles that microbes can play. the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum represents a well-established experimental model organism for studying questions in ecology and evolution, however, the relevance of its microbial community is still largely unknown. t. castaneum larv ... | 2016 | 26779124 |
| cody regulates the activity of the virulence quorum sensor plcr by controlling the import of the signaling peptide papr in bacillus thuringiensis. | in gram-positive bacteria, cell-cell communication mainly relies on cytoplasmic sensors of the rnpp family. activity of these regulators depends on their binding to secreted signaling peptides that are imported into the cell. these quorum sensing regulators control important biological functions in bacteria of the bacillus cereus group, such as virulence and necrotrophism. the rnpp quorum sensor plcr, in complex with its cognate signaling peptide papr, is the main regulator of virulence in b. ce ... | 2015 | 26779156 |
| fum gene expression profile and fumonisin production by fusarium verticillioides inoculated in bt and non-bt maize. | this study aimed to determine the levels of fumonisins produced by fusarium verticillioides and fum gene expression on bt (bacillus thuringiensis) and non-bt maize, post harvest, during different periods of incubation. transgenic hybrids 30f35 yg, 2b710 hx and their isogenic (30f35 and 2b710) were collected from the field and a subset of 30 samples selected for the experiments. maize samples were sterilized by gamma radiation at a dose of 20 kgy. samples were then inoculated with f. verticillioi ... | 2015 | 26779158 |
| cry-like genes, in an uncommon gene configuration, produce a crystal that localizes within the exosporium when expressed in an acrystalliferous strain of bacillus thuringiensis. | cry proteins are pesticidal toxins produced by the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt), which aggregate in sporulating cells to form a crystal. except in a relatively few cases, these crystals are located outside the exosporium that surrounds the spore. bt2-56 is a strain of bt that has the relatively uncommon characteristic of locating its cry protein-containing crystal within the exosporium, and in association with a long, multifiber filament. with the ultimate goal of both understanding and ... | 2016 | 26781916 |
| an in-depth characterization of the entomopathogenic strain bacillus pumilus 15.1 reveals that it produces inclusion bodies similar to the parasporal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis. | in the present work, the local isolate bacillus pumilus 15.1 has been morphologically and biochemically characterized in order to gain a better understanding of this novel entomopathogenic strain active against ceratitis capitata. this strain could represent an interesting biothechnological tool for the control of this pest. here, we report on its nutrient preferences, extracellular enzyme production, motility mechanism, biofilm production, antibiotic suceptibility, natural resistance to chemica ... | 2016 | 26782747 |
| hot, humid air decontamination of a c-130 aircraft contaminated with spores of two acrystalliferous bacillus thuringiensis strains, surrogates for bacillus anthracis. | to develop test methods and evaluate survival of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki cry(-) hd-1 and b. thuringiensis al hakam spores after exposure to hot, humid air inside of a c-130 aircraft. | 2016 | 26786717 |
| bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein cry6aa triggers caenorhabditis elegans necrosis pathway mediated by aspartic protease (asp-1). | cell death plays an important role in host-pathogen interactions. crystal proteins (toxins) are essential components of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) biological pesticides because of their specific toxicity against insects and nematodes. however, the mode of action by which crystal toxins to induce cell death is not completely understood. here we show that crystal toxin triggers cell death by necrosis signaling pathway using crystal toxin cry6aa-caenorhabditis elegans toxin-host interaction system ... | 2016 | 26795495 |
| native plant growth promoting bacteria bacillus thuringiensis and mixed or individual mycorrhizal species improved drought tolerance and oxidative metabolism in lavandula dentata plants. | this study evaluates the responses of lavandula dentata under drought conditions to the inoculation with single autochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus (five fungal strains) or with their mixture and the effects of these inocula with a native bacillus thuringiensis (endophytic bacteria). these microorganisms were drought tolerant and in general, increased plant growth and nutrition. particularly, the am fungal mixture and b. thuringiensis maximized plant biomass and compensated drought ... | 2016 | 26796423 |
| the regulation of exosporium-related genes in bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are spore-forming members of the bacillus cereus group. spores of b. cereus group species are encircled by exosporium, which is composed of an external hair-like nap and a paracrystalline basal layer. despite the extensive studies on the structure of the exosporium-related proteins, little is known about the transcription and regulation of exosporium gene expression in the b. cereus group. herein, we studied the regulation of s ... | 2016 | 26805020 |
| efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis (var. kurstaki) against diamondback moth (plutella xylostella l.) eggs and larvae on cabbage under semi-controlled greenhouse conditions. | the efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis (var. kurstaki) (btk) against the diamondback moth (dbm) on cabbage was studied at botswana college of agriculture, gaborone, botswana. using five concentrations of btk: 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g/l, bioassays were conducted against dbm eggs and second instar larvae at 30°c ± 5°c. each treatment was replicated three times. probit analysis was used to determine the ld50 and ld90 values for the treatments against eggs and larvae. when the treatments were assessed a ... | 2015 | 26816488 |
| involvement of the processing step in the susceptibility/tolerance of two lepidopteran larvae to bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa toxin. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1a toxins are known for their effectiveness against lepidopteran insects. in this study, the entomopathogenic activity of cry1aa was investigated against two lepidopteran larvae causing serious threat to various crops, spodoptera littoralis and tuta absoluta. contrarily to s. littoralis, which showed low susceptibility to cry1aa (40% mortality with 1μg/cm(2)), t. absoluta was very sensitive to this delta-endotoxin (lc50 of 95.8ng/cm(2)). the different steps in the ... | 2016 | 26821657 |
| bt proteins cry1ah and cry2ab do not affect cotton aphid aphis gossypii and ladybeetle propylea japonica. | plant varieties expressing the bt (bacillus thuringiensis) insecticidal proteins cry1ah and cry2ab have potential commercialization prospects in china. however, their potential effects on non-target arthropods (ntas) remain uncharacterized. the cotton aphid aphis gossypii is a worldwide pest that damages various important crops. the ladybeetle propylea japonica is a common and abundant natural enemy in many cropping systems in east asia. in the present study, the effects of cry1ah and cry2ab pro ... | 2016 | 26829252 |
| loop replacements with gut-binding peptides in cry1ab domain ii enhanced toxicity against the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål). | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry toxins have been used widely in pest managements. however, cry toxins are not effective against sap-sucking insects (hemiptera), which limits the application of bt for pest management. in order to extend the insecticidal spectrum of bt toxins to the rice brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens, we modified cry1ab putative receptor binding domains with selected bph gut-binding peptides (gbps). three surface exposed loops in the domain ii of cry1ab were replaced ... | 2016 | 26830331 |
| curing of plasmid pbmb28 from bacillus thuringiensis ybt-020 using an unstable replication region. | bacillus thuringiensis serovar finitimus strain ybt-020 is the well-studied spore-crystal association (sca) phenotypic strain, whose parasporal crystals adhere to spore after lysis of the mother cell. its endogenous plasmids pbmb26 and pbmb28 were proved essential for this sca phenotype. in our previous study, using conventional methods, pbmb26 cured derivative and both pbmb26 and pbmb28 cured derivative of ybt-020 were obtained. however, ybt-020 solely cured of pbmb28 could not be obtained. in ... | 2016 | 26837065 |
| layer-by-layer films containing peptides of the cry1ab16 toxin from bacillus thuringiensis for potential biotechnological applications. | cry1ab16 is a toxin of crystalline insecticidal proteins that has been widely used in genetically modified organisms (gmos) to gain resistance to pests. for the first time, in this study, peptides derived from the immunogenic cry1ab16 toxin (from bacillus thuringiensis) were immobilized as layer-by-layer (lbl) films. given the concern about food and environmental safety, a peptide with immunogenic potential, pcl342-354c, was selected for characterization of the electrochemical, optical, and morp ... | 2016 | 26838914 |
| mode of inheritance for biochemical traits in genetically engineered cotton under water stress. | drought is an abiotic environmental stress that can significantly reduce crop productivity. we examined the mode of inheritance for different biochemical traits including total soluble proteins, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, total phenolic contents and enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase), and their relationship with bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin under control and drought conditions. eight genetically diverse cotton genotypes ... | 2016 | 26839284 |
| cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and phytotoxicity of tannery effluent discharged into palar river basin, tamil nadu, india. | ambur, a town located on the banks of palar river, is considered one of the most polluted areas in india and occupied by hundreds of tanneries and leather product units. the present study was designed to evaluate the toxic effect of discharged tannery effluent (te) on model agricultural crops, ecofriendly microorganisms, and human blood cells. the phytotoxic effects of te tested on allium cepa and lemna minor revealed inhibition of root growth and significant reduction in number of fronds, prote ... | 2015 | 26839546 |