Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| cytokinins. | cytokinins are n (6) substituted adenine derivatives that affect many aspects of plant growth and development, including cell division, shoot initiation and growth, leaf senescence, apical dominance, sink/source relationships, nutrient uptake, phyllotaxis, and vascular, gametophyte, and embryonic development, as well as the response to biotic and abiotic factors. molecular genetic studies in arabidopsis have helped elucidate the mechanisms underlying the function of this phytohormone in plants. ... | 2014 | 24465173 |
| antibiotic resistance determinants in a pseudomonas putida strain isolated from a hospital. | environmental microbes harbor an enormous pool of antibiotic and biocide resistance genes that can impact the resistance profiles of animal and human pathogens via horizontal gene transfer. pseudomonas putida strains are ubiquitous in soil and water but have been seldom isolated from humans. we have established a collection of p. putida strains isolated from in-patients in different hospitals in france. one of the isolated strains (hb3267) kills insects and is resistant to the majority of the an ... | 2014 | 24465371 |
| bhlh003, bhlh013 and bhlh017 are new targets of jaz repressors negatively regulating ja responses. | cell reprogramming in response to jasmonates requires a tight control of transcription that is achieved by the activity of ja-related transcription factors (tfs). among them, myc2, myc3 and myc4 have been described as activators of ja responses. here we characterized the function of bhlh003, bhlh013 and bhlh017 that conform a phylogenetic clade closely related to myc2, myc3 and myc4. we found that these bhlhs form homo- and heterodimers and also interact with jaz repressors in vitro and in vivo. ... | 2014 | 24465948 |
| tomato genomic resources database: an integrated repository of useful tomato genomic information for basic and applied research. | tomato genomic resources database (tgrd) allows interactive browsing of tomato genes, micro rnas, simple sequence repeats (ssrs), important quantitative trait loci and tomato-expen 2000 genetic map altogether or separately along twelve chromosomes of tomato in a single window. the database is created using sequence of the cultivar heinz 1706. high quality single nucleotide polymorphic (snp) sites between the genes of heinz 1706 and the wild tomato s. pimpinellifolium la1589 are also included. ge ... | 2014 | 24466070 |
| pseudomonas putida csv86: a candidate genome for genetic bioaugmentation. | pseudomonas putida csv86, a plasmid-free strain possessing capability to transfer the naphthalene degradation property, has been explored for its metabolic diversity through genome sequencing. the analysis of draft genome sequence of csv86 (6.4 mb) revealed the presence of genes involved in the degradation of naphthalene, salicylate, benzoate, benzylalcohol, p-hydroxybenzoate, phenylacetate and p-hydroxyphenylacetate on the chromosome thus ensuring the stability of the catabolic potential. moreo ... | 2014 | 24475028 |
| systemic resistance induced by volatile organic compounds emitted by plant growth-promoting fungi in arabidopsis thaliana. | volatile organic compounds (voc) were extracted and identified from plant growth-promoting fungi (pgpf), phoma sp., cladosporium sp. and ampelomyces sp., using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). among the three voc extracted, two voc blends (emitted from ampelomyces sp. and cladosporium sp.) significantly reduced disease severity in arabidopsis plants against pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 (pst). subsequently, m-cresol and methyl benzoate (meba) were identified as major active ... | 2014 | 24475190 |
| pathogen and circadian controlled 1 (pcc1) protein is anchored to the plasma membrane and interacts with subunit 5 of cop9 signalosome in arabidopsis. | the pathogen and circadian controlled 1 (pcc1) gene, previously identified and further characterized as involved in defense to pathogens and stress-induced flowering, codes for an 81-amino acid protein with a cysteine-rich c-terminal domain. this domain is essential for homodimerization and anchoring to the plasma membrane. transgenic plants with the ß-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene under the control of 1.1 kb promoter sequence of pcc1 gene display a dual pattern of expression. at early post- ... | 2014 | 24475254 |
| helicobacter hepaticus, a new pathogenic species of the helicobacter genus: similarities and differences with h. pylori. | helicobacter hepaticus was discovered in 1992 as a cause of liver cancer in the a/jcr mouse model. in susceptible mice, infection by h. hepaticus causes chronic gastrointestinal inflammation leading to neoplasia. it can also cause morphological changes in breast-glands leading to neoplasm and adenocarcinoma in mouse models. studies performed on humans have revealed that h. hepaticus may also be a human pathogen since infection by h. hepaticus can be associated with cholecystitis, cholelithiasis ... | 2013 | 24475322 |
| potential of known and short prokaryotic protein motifs as a basis for novel peptide-based antibacterial therapeutics: a computational survey. | short linear motifs (slims) are functional stretches of protein sequence that are of crucial importance for numerous biological processes by mediating protein-protein interactions. these motifs often comprise peptides of less than 10 amino acids that modulate protein-protein interactions. while well-characterized in eukaryotic intracellular signaling, their role in prokaryotic signaling is less well-understood. we surveyed the distribution of known motifs in prokaryotic extracellular and virulen ... | 2014 | 24478765 |
| regulation of water, salinity, and cold stress responses by salicylic acid. | salicylic acid (sa) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound. sa plays an important role in the regulation of plant growth, development, ripening, and defense responses. the role of sa in the plant-pathogen relationship has been extensively investigated. in addition to defense responses, sa plays an important role in the response to abiotic stresses, including drought, low temperature, and salinity stresses. it has been suggested that sa has great agronomic potential to improve the stress tole ... | 2014 | 24478784 |
| virulence profile: frederick m ausubel. | 2013 | 24481134 | |
| identification of bacteriophages for biocontrol of the kiwifruit canker phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. | pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is a reemerging pathogen which causes bacterial canker of kiwifruit (actinidia sp.). since 2008, a global outbreak of p. syringae pv. actinidiae has occurred, and in 2010 this pathogen was detected in new zealand. the economic impact and the development of resistance in p. syringae pv. actinidiae and other pathovars against antibiotics and copper sprays have led to a search for alternative management strategies. we isolated 275 phages, 258 of which were active ... | 2014 | 24487530 |
| distribution of indigenous bacterial pathogens and potential pathogens associated with roof-harvested rainwater. | the harvesting of rainwater is gaining acceptance among many governmental authorities in countries such as australia, germany, and south africa, among others. however, conflicting reports on the microbial quality of harvested rainwater have been published. to monitor the presence of potential pathogenic bacteria during high-rainfall periods, rainwater from 29 rainwater tanks was sampled on four occasions (during june and august 2012) in a sustainable housing project in kleinmond, south africa. t ... | 2014 | 24487540 |
| genomic variability as a driver of plant-pathogen coevolution? | pathogens apply one of the strongest selective pressures in plant populations. understanding plant-pathogen coevolution has therefore been a major research focus for at least sixty years [1]. recent comparative genomic studies have revealed that the genes involved in plant defense and pathogen virulence are among the most polymorphic in the respective genomes. which fraction of this diversity influences the host-pathogen interaction? do coevolutionary dynamics maintain variation? here we review ... | 2014 | 24491596 |
| wrky transcription factors: jack of many trades in plants. | wrky transcription factors are one of the largest families of transcriptional regulators found exclusively in plants. they have diverse biological functions in plant disease resistance, abiotic stress responses, nutrient deprivation, senescence, seed and trichome development, embryogenesis, as well as additional developmental and hormone-controlled processes. wrkys can act as transcriptional activators or repressors, in various homo- and heterodimer combinations. here we review recent progress o ... | 2014 | 24492469 |
| expression of osmate1 and osmate2 alters development, stress responses and pathogen susceptibility in arabidopsis. | multidrug and toxic compound extrusion proteins (mate) are a group of secondary active transporters with ubiquitous occurrences in all domains of life. this is a newly characterized transporter family with limited functional knowledge in plants. in this study, we functionally characterised two members of rice mate gene family, osmate1 and osmate2 through expression in heterologous system, arabidopsis. expression of osmates in arabidopsis altered growth and morphology of transgenic plants. genome ... | 2014 | 24492654 |
| the impact of cytokinin on jasmonate-salicylate antagonism in arabidopsis immunity against infection with pst dc3000. | cytokinin has long been shown to be an essential modulator of growth and development in plants. however, its implications in plant immunity have only recently been realized. the interaction between jasmonate and salicylate pathways is regarded as a central backbone of plant immune defense. however, the effect of cytokinin on the jasmonate and salicylate mediated balance in plant immunity is still not known. here, we analyze the impact of cytokinin on the jasmonate-salicylate antagonism in arabid ... | 2013 | 24494231 |
| backbone and stereospecific (13)c methyl ile (δ1), leu and val side-chain chemical shift assignments of crc. | carbon catabolite repression (ccr) allows bacteria to selectively assimilate a preferred compound among a mixture of several potential carbon sources, thus boosting growth and economizing the cost of adaptability to variable nutrients in the environment. the rna-binding catabolite repression control (crc) protein acts as a global post-transcriptional regulator of ccr in pseudomonas species. crc triggers repression by inhibiting the expression of genes involved in transport and catabolism of non- ... | 2015 | 24496608 |
| iron-regulated expression of alginate production, mucoid phenotype, and biofilm formation by pseudomonas aeruginosa. | pseudomonas aeruginosa strains of non-cystic fibrosis (non-cf) origin do not produce significant amounts of extracellular alginate and are nonmucoid. in cf, such isolates can become mucoid through mutation of one of the genes (muca, mucb, mucc, or mucd) that produce regulatory factors that sequester algu, required for increased expression of alginate genes. mutation of the muc genes in the nonmucoid pao1, pa14, paks-1, and ps388 strains led to increased levels of extracellular alginate and an ob ... | 2014 | 24496793 |
| e3 ubiquitin ligase chip and nbr1-mediated selective autophagy protect additively against proteotoxicity in plant stress responses. | plant stress responses require both protective measures that reduce or restore stress-inflicted damage to cellular structures and mechanisms that efficiently remove damaged and toxic macromolecules, such as misfolded and damaged proteins. we have recently reported that nbr1, the first identified plant autophagy adaptor with a ubiquitin-association domain, plays a critical role in plant stress tolerance by targeting stress-induced, ubiquitinated protein aggregates for degradation by autophagy. he ... | 2014 | 24497840 |
| heritable, de novo resistance to leaf rust and other novel traits in selfed descendants of wheat responding to inoculation with wheat streak mosaic virus. | stable resistance to infection with wheat streak mosaic virus (wsmv) can be evolved de novo in selfing bread wheat lines subjected to cycles of wsmv inoculation and selection of best-performing plants or tillers. to learn whether this phenomenon might be applied to evolve resistance de novo to pathogens unrelated to wsmv, we examined the responses to leaf rust of succeeding generations of the rust- and wsmv-susceptible cultivar 'lakin' following wsmv inoculation and derived rust-resistant sublin ... | 2014 | 24497941 |
| differential expression of mirnas in brassica napus root following infection with plasmodiophora brassicae. | canola (oilseed rape, brassica napus l.) is susceptible to infection by the biotrophic protist plasmodiophora brassicae, the causal agent of clubroot. to understand the roles of micrornas (mirnas) during the post-transcriptional regulation of disease initiation and progression, we have characterized the changes in mirna expression profiles in canola roots during clubroot disease development and have compared these to uninfected roots. two different stages of clubroot development were targeted in ... | 2014 | 24497962 |
| the kiwifruit emerging pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae does not produce ahls but possesses three luxr solos. | pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) is an emerging phytopathogen causing bacterial canker disease in kiwifruit plants worldwide. quorum sensing (qs) gene regulation plays important roles in many different bacterial plant pathogens. in this study we analyzed the presence and possible role of n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) quorum sensing in psa. it was established that psa does not produce ahls and that a typical complete luxi/r qs system is absent in psa strains. psa however possesses thre ... | 2014 | 24498215 |
| scavenging iron: a novel mechanism of plant immunity activation by microbial siderophores. | siderophores are specific ferric iron chelators synthesized by virtually all microorganisms in response to iron deficiency. we have previously shown that they promote infection by the phytopathogenic enterobacteria dickeya dadantii and erwinia amylovora. siderophores also have the ability to activate plant immunity. we have used complete arabidopsis transcriptome microarrays to investigate the global transcriptional modifications in roots and leaves of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) plants a ... | 2014 | 24501001 |
| non contiguous-finished genome sequence of pseudomonas syringae pathovar syringae strain b64 isolated from wheat. | the gram-negative gammaproteobacterium pseudomonas syringae is one of the most wide-spread plant pathogens and has been repeatedly reported to cause significant damage to crop plantations. research on this pathogen is very intensive, but most of it is done on isolates that are pathogenic to arabidopsis, tomato, and bean. here, we announce a high-quality draft genome sequence of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae b64 which is the first published genome of a p. syringae strain isolated from wheat u ... | 2013 | 24501627 |
| rabgap22 is required for defense to the vascular pathogen verticillium longisporum and contributes to stomata immunity. | verticillium longisporum is a soil-borne pathogen with a preference for plants within the family brassicaceae. following invasion of the roots, the fungus proliferates in the plant vascular system leading to stunted plant growth, chlorosis and premature senescence. rabgtpases have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in regulating multiple responses in plants. here, we report on the identification and characterization of the rab gtpase-activating protein rabgap22 gene from arabidopsis, as an ... | 2014 | 24505423 |
| expr coordinates the expression of symbiotically important, bundle-forming flp pili with quorum sensing in sinorhizobium meliloti. | type ivb pili in enteropathogenic bacteria function as a host colonization factor by mediating tight adherence to host cells, but their role in bacterium-plant symbiosis is currently unknown. the genome of the symbiotic soil bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti contains two clusters encoding proteins for type ivb pili of the flp (fimbrial low-molecular-weight protein) subfamily. to establish the role of flp pili in the symbiotic interaction of s. meliloti and its host, medicago sativa, we deleted pi ... | 2014 | 24509921 |
| conventional and real-time pcrs for detection of erwinia piriflorinigrans allow its distinction from the fire blight pathogen, erwinia amylovora. | erwinia piriflorinigrans is a new pathogenic species of the bacterial genus erwinia that has been described recently in spain. accurate detection and identification of e. piriflorinigrans are challenging because its symptoms on pear blossoms are similar to those caused by erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight. moreover, these two species share phenotypic and molecular characteristics. two specific and sensitive conventional and real-time pcr protocols were developed to identify and ... | 2014 | 24509928 |
| evolution and expression analysis of the grape (vitis vinifera l.) wrky gene family. | wrky proteins comprise a large family of transcription factors that play important roles in plant defence regulatory networks, including responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. to date, no large-scale study of wrky genes has been undertaken in grape (vitis vinifera l.). in this study, a total of 59 putative grape wrky genes (vvwrky) were identified and renamed on the basis of their respective chromosome distribution. a multiple sequence alignment analysis using all predicted grape wrky ... | 2014 | 24510937 |
| quantitative proteomic analysis of the salmonella-lettuce interaction. | human pathogens can internalize food crops through root and surface uptake and persist inside crop plants. the goal of the study was to elucidate the global modulation of bacteria and plant protein expression after salmonella internalizes lettuce. a quantitative proteomic approach was used to analyse the protein expression of salmonella enterica serovar infantis and lettuce cultivar green salad bowl 24 h after infiltrating s. infantis into lettuce leaves. among the 50 differentially expressed pr ... | 2014 | 24512637 |
| transgenerational phenotypic and epigenetic changes in response to heat stress in arabidopsis thaliana. | exposure to heat stress causes physiological and epigenetic changes in plants, which may also be altered in the progeny. we compared the progeny of stressed and control arabidopsis thaliana wild type and dicer-like mutant dcl2, dcl3, and dcl4 plants for variations in physiology and molecular profile, including global genome methylation, mrna levels, and histone modifications in the subset of differentially expressed genes at normal conditions and in response to heat stress. we found that the imm ... | 2014 | 24513700 |
| genomic plasticity enables phenotypic variation of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000. | whole genome sequencing revealed the presence of a genomic anomaly in the region of 4.7 to 4.9 mb of the pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst) dc3000 genome. the average read depth coverage of pst dc3000 whole genome sequencing results suggested that a 165 kb segment of the chromosome had doubled in copy number. further analysis confirmed the 165 kb duplication and that the two copies were arranged as a direct tandem repeat. examination of the corresponding locus in pst ncppb1106, the parent str ... | 2014 | 24516535 |
| transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of a pale-green durum wheat mutant shows variations in photosystem components and metabolic deficiencies under drought stress. | leaf pigment content is an important trait involved in environmental interactions. in order to determine its impact on drought tolerance in wheat, we characterized a pale-green durum wheat mutant (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) under contrasting water availability conditions. | 2014 | 24521234 |
| regulation of plant immunity through ubiquitin-mediated modulation of ca(2+) -calmodulin-atsr1/camta3 signaling. | transient changes in intracellular ca(2+) concentration are essential signals for activation of plant immunity. it has also been reported that ca(2+) signals suppress salicylic acid-mediated plant defense through atsr1/camta3, a member of the ca(2+) /calmodulin-regulated transcription factor family that is conserved in multicellular eukaryotes. how plants overcome this negative regulation to mount an effective defense response during a stage of intracellular ca(2+) surge is unclear. here we repo ... | 2014 | 24528504 |
| proteomic analysis of the actinidia deliciosa leaf apoplast during biotrophic colonization by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. | for plant pathogenic bacteria, adaptation to the apoplast is considered as key in the establishment of the parasitic lifestyle. pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa), the causal agent of the bacterial canker of kiwifruit, uses leaves as the entry site to colonize plants. through a combined approach based on 2-de, nanolc-esi-lit-ms/ms and quantitative pcr, we investigated psa colonization of the actinidia deliciosa "hayward" leaf apoplast during the bacterial biotrophic phase. a total of 58 d ... | 2014 | 24530627 |
| a new subfamily of polyphosphate kinase 2 (class iii ppk2) catalyzes both nucleoside monophosphate phosphorylation and nucleoside diphosphate phosphorylation. | inorganic polyphosphate (polyp) is a linear polymer of tens to hundreds of phosphate (pi) residues linked by "high-energy" phosphoanhydride bonds as in atp. polyp kinases, responsible for the synthesis and utilization of polyp, are divided into two families (ppk1 and ppk2) due to differences in amino acid sequence and kinetic properties. ppk2 catalyzes preferentially polyp-driven nucleotide phosphorylation (utilization of polyp), which is important for the survival of microbial cells under condi ... | 2014 | 24532069 |
| tyrosine phosphorylation of protein kinase complex bak1/bik1 mediates arabidopsis innate immunity. | the sessile plants have evolved a large number of receptor-like kinases (rlks) and receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (rlcks) to modulate diverse biological processes, including plant innate immunity. phosphorylation of the rlk/rlck complex constitutes an essential step to initiate immune signaling. two arabidopsis plasma membrane-resident rlks, flagellin-sensing 2 and brassinosteroid insensitive 1-associated kinase 1 (bak1), interact with rlck botrytis-induced kinase 1 (bik1) to initiate plant i ... | 2014 | 24532660 |
| the bhlh transcription factor hbi1 mediates the trade-off between growth and pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity in arabidopsis. | the trade-off between growth and immunity is crucial for survival in plants. however, the mechanism underlying growth-immunity balance has remained elusive. the pre-ibh1-hbi1 tripartite helix-loop-helix/basic helix-loop-helix module is part of a central transcription network that mediates growth regulation by several hormonal and environmental signals. here, genome-wide analyses of hbi1 target genes show that hbi1 regulates both overlapping and unique targets compared with other dna binding comp ... | 2014 | 24550223 |
| transcriptomics and functional genomics of ros-induced cell death regulation by radical-induced cell death1. | plant responses to changes in environmental conditions are mediated by a network of signaling events leading to downstream responses, including changes in gene expression and activation of cell death programs. arabidopsis thaliana radical-induced cell death1 (rcd1) has been proposed to regulate plant stress responses by protein-protein interactions with transcription factors. furthermore, the rcd1 mutant has defective control of cell death in response to apoplastic reactive oxygen species (ros). ... | 2014 | 24550736 |
| evolvability and robustness in populations of rna virus φ6. | microbes can respond quickly to environmental disturbances through adaptation. however, processes determining the constraints on this adaptation are not well understood. one process that could affect the rate of adaptation to environmental perturbations is genetic robustness, the ability to maintain phenotype despite mutation. genetic robustness has been theoretically linked to evolvability but rarely tested empirically using evolving populations. we used populations of the rna bacteriophage ϕ6 ... | 2014 | 24550904 |
| pathogenic adaptations to host-derived antibacterial copper. | recent findings suggest that both host and pathogen manipulate copper content in infected host niches during infections. in this review, we summarize recent developments that implicate copper resistance as an important determinant of bacterial fitness at the host-pathogen interface. an essential mammalian nutrient, copper cycles between copper (i) (cu(+)) in its reduced form and copper (ii) (cu(2+)) in its oxidized form under physiologic conditions. cu(+) is significantly more bactericidal than ... | 2014 | 24551598 |
| detection progress of selected drugs in tlc. | this entry describes applications of known indicators and dyes as new visualizing reagents and various visualizing systems as well as photocatalytic reactions and bioautography method for the detection of bioactive compounds including drugs and compounds isolated from herbal extracts. broadening index, detection index, characteristics of densitometric band, modified contrast index, limit of detection, densitometric visualizing index, and linearity range of detected compounds were used for the ev ... | 2014 | 24551853 |
| targeting virulence not viability in the search for future antibacterials. | new antibacterials need new approaches to overcome the problem of rapid antibiotic resistance. here we review the development of potential new antibacterial drugs that do not kill bacteria or inhibit their growth, but combat disease instead by targeting bacterial virulence. | 2015 | 24552512 |
| overexpression of the brassica rapa transcription factor wrky12 results in reduced soft rot symptoms caused by pectobacterium carotovorum in arabidopsis and chinese cabbage. | chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis), an important vegetable crop, can succumb to diseases such as bacterial soft rot, resulting in significant loss of crop productivity and quality. pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. carotovorum (pcc) causes soft rot disease in various plants, including chinese cabbage. to overcome crop loss caused by bacterial soft rot, a gene from chinese cabbage was isolated and characterised in this study. we isolated the brwrky12 gene from chinese cabbage, which ... | 2014 | 24552622 |
| bacterial cellular engineering by genome editing and gene silencing. | genome editing is an important technology for bacterial cellular engineering, which is commonly conducted by homologous recombination-based procedures, including gene knockout (disruption), knock-in (insertion), and allelic exchange. in addition, some new recombination-independent approaches have emerged that utilize catalytic rnas, artificial nucleases, nucleic acid analogs, and peptide nucleic acids. apart from these methods, which directly modify the genomic structure, an alternative approach ... | 2014 | 24552876 |
| mangotoxin production of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae is regulated by mgoa. | the antimetabolite mangotoxin is a key factor in virulence of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strains which cause apical necrosis of mango trees. previous studies showed that mangotoxin biosynthesis is governed by the mbo operon. random mutagenesis led to the identification of two other gene clusters that affect mangotoxin biosynthesis. these are the gacs/gaca genes and mgo operon which harbors the four genes mgobcad. | 2014 | 24555804 |
| gram-negative flagella glycosylation. | protein glycosylation had been considered as an eccentricity of a few bacteria. however, through advances in analytical methods and genome sequencing, it is now established that bacteria possess both n-linked and o-linked glycosylation pathways. both glycosylation pathways can modify multiple proteins, flagellins from archaea and eubacteria being one of these. flagella o-glycosylation has been demonstrated in many polar flagellins from gram-negative bacteria and in only the gram-positive genera ... | 2014 | 24557579 |
| recte(psy)-mediated recombineering in pseudomonas syringae. | a recently developed pseudomonas syringae recombineering system simplifies the procedure for installing specific mutations at a chosen genomic locus. the procedure involves transforming p. syringae cells expressing recombineering functions with a pcr product that contains desired changes flanked by sequences homologous to a target location. cells transformed with the substrate undergo homologous recombination between the genomic dna and the recombineering substrate. the recombinants are found by ... | 2014 | 24557893 |
| probing the unknowns in cytokinin-mediated immune defense in arabidopsis with systems biology approaches. | plant hormones involving salicylic acid (sa), jasmonic acid (ja), ethylene (et), and auxin, gibberellins, and abscisic acid (aba) are known to regulate host immune responses. however, plant hormone cytokinin has the potential to modulate defense signaling including sa and ja. it promotes plant pathogen and herbivore resistance; underlying mechanisms are still unknown. using systems biology approaches, we unravel hub points of immune interaction mediated by cytokinin signaling in arabidopsis. hig ... | 2014 | 24558299 |
| the bacterial effector hopx1 targets jaz transcriptional repressors to activate jasmonate signaling and promote infection in arabidopsis. | pathogenicity of pseudomonas syringae is dependent on a type iii secretion system, which secretes a suite of virulence effector proteins into the host cytoplasm, and the production of a number of toxins such as coronatine (cor), which is a mimic of the plant hormone jasmonate-isoleuce (ja-ile). inside the plant cell, effectors target host molecules to subvert the host cell physiology and disrupt defenses. however, despite the fact that elucidating effector action is essential to understanding ba ... | 2014 | 24558350 |
| the c-terminal part of microcin b is crucial for dna gyrase inhibition and antibiotic uptake by sensitive cells. | microcin b (mcb) is a ribosomally synthesized antibacterial peptide. it contains up to nine oxazole and thiazole heterocycles that are introduced posttranslationally and are required for activity. mcb inhibits the dna gyrase, a validated drug target. previous structure-activity analyses indicated that two fused heterocycles located in the central part of mcb are important for antibacterial action and gyrase inhibition. here, we used site-specific mutagenesis of the mcb precursor gene to assess t ... | 2014 | 24563033 |
| rnase e forms a complex with polynucleotide phosphorylase in cyanobacteria via a cyanobacterial-specific nonapeptide in the noncatalytic region. | rnase e, a central component involved in bacterial rna metabolism, usually has a highly conserved n-terminal catalytic domain but an extremely divergent c-terminal domain. while the c-terminal domain of rnase e in escherichia coli recruits other components to form an rna degradation complex, it is unknown if a similar function can be found for rnase e in other organisms due to the divergent feature of this domain. here, we provide evidence showing that rnase e forms a complex with another essent ... | 2014 | 24563514 |
| phenotypic diversification by gene silencing in phytophthora plant pathogens. | advances in genome sequencing technologies have enabled generation of unprecedented information on genome content and organization. eukaryote genomes in particular may contain large populations of transposable elements (tes) and other repeated sequences. active tes can result in insertional mutations, altered transcription levels and ectopic recombination of dna. the genome of the oomycete plant pathogen, phytophthora infestans, contains vast numbers of te sequences. there are also hundreds of p ... | 2013 | 24563702 |
| systems analysis of transcriptome data provides new hypotheses about arabidopsis root response to nitrate treatments. | nitrogen (n) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. plants adapt to changes in n availability partly by changes in global gene expression. we integrated publicly available root microarray data under contrasting nitrate conditions to identify new genes and functions important for adaptive nitrate responses in arabidopsis thaliana roots. overall, more than 2000 genes exhibited changes in expression in response to nitrate treatments in arabidopsis thaliana root organs. glob ... | 2014 | 24570678 |
| comparative genomics of type vi secretion systems in strains of pantoea ananatis from different environments. | the type vi secretion system (t6ss) has been identified in several different bacteria, including the plant pathogenpantoea ananatis. previous in silico analyses described three different t6ss loci present in the pathogenic strain of p. ananatis lmg 20103. this initial investigation has been extended to include an additional seven sequenced strains of p. ananatis together with 39 strains from different ecological niches. comparative and phylogenetic analyses were used to investigate the distribut ... | 2014 | 24571088 |
| the hygroscopic biosurfactant syringafactin produced by pseudomonas syringae enhances fitness on leaf surfaces during fluctuating humidity. | biosurfactant production by bacteria on leaf surfaces is poorly documented, and its role in this habitat has not been explored. therefore, we investigated the production and fitness benefits of syringafactin by pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae b728a on leaves. syringafactin largely adsorbed to the waxy leaf cuticle both when topically applied and when produced by cells on plants. syringafactin increased the rate of diffusion of water across isolated cuticles and attracted water to hydrophobic s ... | 2014 | 24571678 |
| rapid bioassay to measure early reactive oxygen species production in arabidopsis leave tissue in response to living pseudomonas syringae. | arabidopsis thaliana and pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato (pto) provide an excellent plant-bacteria model system to study innate immunity. during pattern-triggered immunity (pti), cognate host receptors perceive pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) as non-self molecules. pto harbors many pamps; thus for experimental ease, many studies utilize single synthesized pamps such as flg22, a short protein peptide derived from pseudomonas flagellin. flg22 recognition by arabidopsis flagelli ... | 2014 | 24571722 |
| insight into the roles of helicase motif ia by characterizing fanconi anemia group j protein (fancj) patient mutations. | helicases are molecular motors that couple the energy of atp hydrolysis to the unwinding and remodeling of structured dna or rna, which is coordinated by conserved helicase motifs. fancj is a dna helicase that is genetically linked to fanconi anemia, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. here, we characterized two fanconi anemia patient mutations, r251c and q255h, that are localized in helicase motif ia. our genetic complementation analysis revealed that both the r251c and q255h alleles failed to r ... | 2014 | 24573678 |
| regulation of primary plant metabolism during plant-pathogen interactions and its contribution to plant defense. | plants are constantly exposed to microorganisms in the environment and, as a result, have evolved intricate mechanisms to recognize and defend themselves against potential pathogens. one of these responses is the downregulation of photosynthesis and other processes associated with primary metabolism that are essential for plant growth. it has been suggested that the energy saved by downregulation of primary metabolism is diverted and used for defense responses. however, several studies have show ... | 2014 | 24575102 |
| cloning and characterisation of (r)-3-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein-coenzyme a transferase gene (phag) from pseudomonas sp. usm 4-55. | the (r)-3-hydroxyacyl-acp-coa transferase catalyses the conversion of (r)-3-hydroxyacyl-acp to (r)-3-hydroxyacyl-coa derivatives, which serves as the ultimate precursor for polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) polymerisation from unrelated substrates in pseudomonads. phag was found to be responsible for channelling precursors for polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) synthase from a de novo fatty acid biosynthesis pathway when cultured on carbohydrates, such as glucose or gluconate. the phag gene was cloned from pse ... | 2009 | 24575175 |
| an overview of the environmental applicability of vermicompost: from wastewater treatment to the development of sensitive analytical methods. | the use of vermicompost (humified material) for treating wastewaters, remediating polluted soils, improving agricultural productivity, protecting crop production, and developing sensitive analytical methods is reviewed here, covering the past 17 years. the main advantages of vermicompost, considering all applications covered in this paper, comprise (i) easy acquisition, (ii) low costs, (iii) structural, chemical, and biological characteristics responsible for exceptional adsorptive capacities as ... | 2014 | 24578668 |
| bacterial ice crystal controlling proteins. | across the world, many ice active bacteria utilize ice crystal controlling proteins for aid in freezing tolerance at subzero temperatures. ice crystal controlling proteins include both antifreeze and ice nucleation proteins. antifreeze proteins minimize freezing damage by inhibiting growth of large ice crystals, while ice nucleation proteins induce formation of embryonic ice crystals. although both protein classes have differing functions, these proteins use the same ice binding mechanisms. rath ... | 2014 | 24579057 |
| structure and mechanism of soybean atp sulfurylase and the committed step in plant sulfur assimilation. | enzymes of the sulfur assimilation pathway are potential targets for improving nutrient content and environmental stress responses in plants. the committed step in this pathway is catalyzed by atp sulfurylase, which synthesizes adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (aps) from sulfate and atp. to better understand the molecular basis of this energetically unfavorable reaction, the x-ray crystal structure of atp sulfurylase isoform 1 from soybean (glycine max atp sulfurylase) in complex with aps was determi ... | 2014 | 24584934 |
| rap, the sole octotricopeptide repeat protein in arabidopsis, is required for chloroplast 16s rrna maturation. | the biogenesis and activity of chloroplasts in both vascular plants and algae depends on an intracellular network of nucleus-encoded, trans-acting factors that control almost all aspects of organellar gene expression. most of these regulatory factors belong to the helical repeat protein superfamily, which includes tetratricopeptide repeat, pentatricopeptide repeat, and the recently identified octotricopeptide repeat (opr) proteins. whereas green algae express many different opr proteins, only a ... | 2014 | 24585838 |
| avrbst acetylates arabidopsis acip1, a protein that associates with microtubules and is required for immunity. | bacterial pathogens of plant and animals share a homologous group of virulence factors, referred to as the yopj effector family, which are translocated by the type iii secretion (t3s) system into host cells during infection. recent work indicates that some of these effectors encode acetyltransferases that suppress host immunity. the yopj-like protein avrbst is known to activate effector-triggered immunity (eti) in arabidopsis thaliana pi-0 plants; however, the nature of its enzymatic activity an ... | 2014 | 24586161 |
| the activated sa and ja signaling pathways have an influence on flg22-triggered oxidative burst and callose deposition. | the first line of defense in plants against pathogens is induced by the recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamp). perception of bacterial flagellin (flg22) by the pattern recognition receptor flagellin-sensing 2 (fls2) is the best characterized mamp response, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. here we studied the relationship between salicylic acid (sa) or jasmonic acid (ja) signaling and fls2-mediated signaling by monitoring flg22-triggered ... | 2014 | 24586453 |
| semiquantitative analysis of clinical heat stress in clostridium difficile strain 630 using a gelc/ms workflow with empai quantitation. | clostridium difficile is considered to be the most frequent cause of infectious bacterial diarrhoea in hospitals worldwide yet its adaptive ability remains relatively uncharacterised. here, we used gelc/ms and the exponentially modified protein abundance index (empai) calculation to determine proteomic changes in response to a clinically relevant heat stress. reproducibility between both biological and technical replicates was good, and a 37°c proteome of 224 proteins was complemented by a 41°c ... | 2014 | 24586458 |
| a system to automatically classify and name any individual genome-sequenced organism independently of current biological classification and nomenclature. | a broadly accepted and stable biological classification system is a prerequisite for biological sciences. it provides the means to describe and communicate about life without ambiguity. current biological classification and nomenclature use the species as the basic unit and require lengthy and laborious species descriptions before newly discovered organisms can be assigned to a species and be named. the current system is thus inadequate to classify and name the immense genetic diversity within s ... | 2014 | 24586551 |
| ethylene-forming enzyme and bioethylene production. | worldwide, ethylene is the most produced organic compound. it serves as a building block for a wide variety of plastics, textiles, and chemicals, and a process has been developed for its conversion into liquid transportation fuels. currently, commercial ethylene production involves steam cracking of fossil fuels, and is the highest co2-emitting process in the chemical industry. therefore, there is great interest in developing technology for ethylene production from renewable resources including ... | 2014 | 24589138 |
| singlet oxygen-mediated and executer-dependent signalling and acclimation of arabidopsis thaliana exposed to light stress. | plants respond to environmental changes by acclimation that activates defence mechanisms and enhances the plant's resistance against a subsequent more severe stress. chloroplasts play an important role as a sensor of environmental stress factors that interfere with the photosynthetic electron transport and enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ros). one of these ros, singlet oxygen ((1)o2), activates a signalling pathway within chloroplasts that depends on the two plastid-localized ... | 2014 | 24591714 |
| signalling crosstalk in light stress and immune reactions in plants. | the evolutionary history of plants is tightly connected with the evolution of microbial pathogens and herbivores, which use photosynthetic end products as a source of life. in these interactions, plants, as the stationary party, have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to sense, signal and respond to the presence of external stress agents. chloroplasts are metabolically versatile organelles that carry out fundamental functions in determining appropriate immune reactions in plants. besides photosynt ... | 2014 | 24591720 |
| e3 ubiquitin-ligases and their target proteins during the regulation of plant innate immunity. | reversible protein ubiquitination plays a crucial role during the regulation of plant immune signaling. e3 ubiquitin (ub)-ligase enzymes, which are classified into different families depending on their structural and functional features, confer the specificity of substrate and are the best characterized components of the ubiquitination cascade. e3 ub-ligases of different families have been shown to be involved in all steps of plant immune responses. indeed, they have been involved in the first s ... | 2014 | 24592270 |
| investigation of intercellular salicylic acid accumulation during compatible and incompatible arabidopsis-pseudomonas syringae interactions using a fast neutron-generated mutant allele of eds5 identified by genetic mapping and whole-genome sequencing. | a whole-genome sequencing technique developed to identify fast neutron-induced deletion mutations revealed that iap1-1 is a new allele of eds5 (eds5-5). rps2-avrrpt2-initiated effector-triggered immunity (eti) was compromised in iap1-1/eds5-5 with respect to in planta bacterial levels and the hypersensitive response, while intra- and intercellular free salicylic acid (sa) accumulation was greatly reduced, suggesting that sa contributes as both an intracellular signaling molecule and an antimicro ... | 2014 | 24594657 |
| evaluation of antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of artemisia nilagirica and murraya koenigii leaf extracts against mycobacteria and macrophages. | artemisia nilagirica (asteraceae) and murraya koenigii (rutaceae) are widely distributed in eastern region of india. leaves of artemisia nilagirica plant are used to treat cold and cough by the local tribal population in east india. murraya koenigii is an edible plant previously reported to have an antibacterial activity. pathogenic strains of mycobacteria are resistant to most of the conventional antibiotics. therefore, it is imperative to identify novel antimycobacterial molecules to treat myc ... | 2014 | 24597853 |
| community-wide transcriptome of the oral microbiome in subjects with and without periodontitis. | despite increasing knowledge on phylogenetic composition of the human microbiome, our understanding of the in situ activities of the organisms in the community and their interactions with each other and with the environment remains limited. characterizing gene expression profiles of the human microbiome is essential for linking the role of different members of the bacterial communities in health and disease. the oral microbiome is one of the most complex microbial communities in the human body a ... | 2014 | 24599074 |
| singlet oxygen signatures are detected independent of light or chloroplasts in response to multiple stresses. | the production of singlet oxygen is typically associated with inefficient dissipation of photosynthetic energy or can arise from light reactions as a result of accumulation of chlorophyll precursors as observed in fluorescent (flu)-like mutants. such photodynamic production of singlet oxygen is thought to be involved in stress signaling and programmed cell death. here we show that transcriptomes of multiple stresses, whether from light or dark treatments, were correlated with the transcriptome o ... | 2014 | 24599491 |
| analysis of the small rna spf in the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain dc3000. | bacteria contain small non-coding rnas (ncrnas) that are typically responsible for altering transcription, translation or mrna stability. ncrnas are important because they often regulate virulence factors and susceptibility to various stresses. here, the regulation of a recently described ncrna of pseudomonas syringae dc3000, spot 42 (now referred to as spf), was investigated. a putative rpoe binding site was identified upstream of spf in strain dc3000. rpoe is shown to regulate the expression o ... | 2014 | 24600027 |
| bacterial genome instability. | bacterial genomes are remarkably stable from one generation to the next but are plastic on an evolutionary time scale, substantially shaped by horizontal gene transfer, genome rearrangement, and the activities of mobile dna elements. this implies the existence of a delicate balance between the maintenance of genome stability and the tolerance of genome instability. in this review, we describe the specialized genetic elements and the endogenous processes that contribute to genome instability. we ... | 2014 | 24600039 |
| automated reconstruction of whole-genome phylogenies from short-sequence reads. | studies of microbial evolutionary dynamics are being transformed by the availability of affordable high-throughput sequencing technologies, which allow whole-genome sequencing of hundreds of related taxa in a single study. reconstructing a phylogenetic tree of these taxa is generally a crucial step in any evolutionary analysis. instead of constructing genome assemblies for all taxa, annotating these assemblies, and aligning orthologous genes, many recent studies 1) directly map raw sequencing re ... | 2014 | 24600054 |
| the factors affecting effectiveness of treatment in phages therapy. | in recent years, the use of lytic bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents controlling pathogenic bacteria has appeared as a promising new alternative strategy in the face of growing antibiotic resistance which has caused problems in many fields including medicine, veterinary medicine, and aquaculture. the use of bacteriophages has numerous advantages over traditional antimicrobials. the effectiveness of phage applications in fighting against pathogenic bacteria depends on several factors such as ... | 2014 | 24600439 |
| role of callose synthases in transfer cell wall development in tocopherol deficient arabidopsis mutants. | tocopherols (vitamin e) are lipid-soluble antioxidants produced by all plants and algae, and many cyanobacteria, yet their functions in these photosynthetic organisms are still not fully understood. we have previously reported that the vitamin e deficient 2 (vte2) mutant of arabidopsis thaliana is sensitive to low temperature (lt) due to impaired transfer cell wall (tcw) development and photoassimilate export associated with massive callose deposition in transfer cells of the phloem. to further ... | 2014 | 24600460 |
| reversible non-genetic phenotypic heterogeneity in bacterial quorum sensing. | bacteria co-ordinate their social behaviour in a density-dependent manner by production of diffusible signal molecules by a process known as quorum sensing (qs). it is generally assumed that in homogenous environments and at high cell density, qs synchronizes cells in the population to perform collective social tasks in unison which maximize the benefit at the inclusive fitness of individuals. however, evolutionary theory predicts that maintaining phenotypic heterogeneity in performing social ta ... | 2014 | 24601980 |
| transgenic pearl millet male fertility restorer line (icmp451) and hybrid (icmh451) expressing brassica juncea nonexpressor of pathogenesis related genes 1 (bjnpr1) exhibit resistance to downy mildew disease. | brassica juncea nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (bjnpr1) has been introduced into pearl millet male fertility restorer line icmp451 by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation. transgenic pearl millet plants were regenerated from the phosphinothricin-resistant calli obtained after co-cultivation with a. tumefaciens strain lba4404 harbouring ti plasmid psb111-bar-bjnpr1. molecular analyses confirmed the stable integration and expression of bjnpr1 in transgenic pearl ... | 2014 | 24603762 |
| new insights into the role of indole-3-acetic acid in the virulence of pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi. | indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) is a widespread phytohormone among plant-associated bacteria, including the tumour-inducing pathogen of woody hosts, pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi. a phylogenetic analysis of the iaam/iaah operon, which is involved in the biosynthesis of iaa, showed that one of the two operons encoded by pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi ncppb 3335, iaam-1/iaah-1, is horizontally transferred among bacteria belonging to the pseudomonas syringae complex. we also show that bio ... | 2014 | 24606017 |
| transgenic expression of the rice xa21 pattern-recognition receptor in banana (musa sp.) confers resistance to xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum. | banana xanthomonas wilt (bxw), caused by the bacterium xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (xcm), is the most devastating disease of banana in east and central africa. the spread of bxw threatens the livelihood of millions of african farmers who depend on banana for food security and income. there are no commercial chemicals, biocontrol agents or resistant cultivars available to control bxw. here, we take advantage of the robust resistance conferred by the rice pattern-recognition receptor (pr ... | 2014 | 24612254 |
| the pseudomonas viridiflava phylogroups in the p. syringae species complex are characterized by genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity of pathogenicity-related traits. | as a species complex, pseudomonas syringae exists in both agriculture and natural aquatic habitats. p.viridiflava, a member of this complex, has been reported to be phenotypically largely homogenous. we characterized strains from different habitats, selected based on their genetic similarity to previously described p.viridiflava strains. we revealed two distinct phylogroups and two different kinds of variability in phenotypic traits and genomic content. the strains exhibited phase variation in p ... | 2014 | 24612372 |
| the arabidopsis thaliana at4g13040 gene, a unique member of the ap2/erebp family, is a positive regulator for salicylic acid accumulation and basal defense against bacterial pathogens. | the arabidopsis genome contains a large number of putative transcription factors, containing a dna binding domain similar to apetala2/ethylene response element binding protein (ap2/erebp), for most of which a function is not known. phylogenetic analysis divides the apetala 2 (ap2) super-family into 5 major groups: ap2, rav, ethylene response factor (erf), dehydration response element binding protein (dreb) and at4g13040. similar to erf and dreb, the at4g13040 protein contains only one ap2 domain ... | 2014 | 24612849 |
| shedding some light over the floral metabolism by arum lily (zantedeschia aethiopica) spathe de novo transcriptome assembly. | zantedeschia aethiopica is an evergreen perennial plant cultivated worldwide and commonly used for ornamental and medicinal purposes including the treatment of bacterial infections. however, the current understanding of molecular and physiological mechanisms in this plant is limited, in comparison to other non-model plants. in order to improve understanding of the biology of this botanical species, rna-seq technology was used for transcriptome assembly and characterization. following z. aethiopi ... | 2014 | 24614014 |
| rna silencing components mediate resistance signaling against turnip crinkle virus. | species-specific immunity is induced when an effector protein from a specific pathogen strain is perceived by a cognate resistance (r) protein in the plant. in arabidopsis, the r protein hrt, which confers resistance to turnip crinkle virus (tcv), is activated upon recognition of the tcv coat-protein (cp), a potent suppressor of host rna silencing. recognition by hrt does not require rna silencing suppressor function of cp and is not associated with the accumulation of tcv-specific small-rna. ho ... | 2014 | 24614040 |
| functional characterization and evaluation of in vitro protective efficacy of murine monoclonal antibodies burk24 and burk37 against burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis has been recognized by cdc as a category b select agent. although substantial efforts have been made for development of vaccine molecules against the pathogen, significant hurdles still remain. with no licensed vaccines available and high relapse rate of the disease, there is a pressing need for development of alternate protection strategies. antibody-mediated passive protection is promising in this regard and our primary interest was ... | 2014 | 24614539 |
| a comprehensive analysis of microproteins reveals their potentially widespread mechanism of transcriptional regulation. | truncated transcription factor-like proteins called microproteins (mips) can modulate transcription factor activities, thereby increasing transcriptional regulatory complexity. to understand their prevalence, evolution, and function, we predicted over 400 genes that encode putative mips from arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) using a bioinformatics pipeline and validated two novel mips involved in flowering time and response to abiotic and biotic stress. we provide an evolutionary perspective fo ... | 2014 | 24616380 |
| the performance of pathogenic bacterial phytosensing transgenic tobacco in the field. | phytosensors are useful for rapid-on-the-plant detection of contaminants and agents that cause plant stress. previously, we produced a series of plant pathogen-inducible synthetic promoters fused to an orange fluorescent protein (ofp) reporter gene and transformed them into tobacco and arabidopsis thaliana plants; in these transgenic lines, an ofp signal is expressed commensurate with the presence of plant pathogens. we report here the results of 2 years of field experiments using a subset of th ... | 2014 | 24618221 |
| microgravity induces changes in microsome-associated proteins of arabidopsis seedlings grown on board the international space station. | the "genara a" experiment was designed to monitor global changes in the proteome of membranes of arabidopsis thaliana seedlings subjected to microgravity on board the international space station (iss). for this purpose, 12-day-old seedlings were grown either in space, in the european modular cultivation system (emcs) under microgravity or on a 1 g centrifuge, or on the ground. proteins associated to membranes were selectively extracted from microsomes and identified and quantified through lc-ms- ... | 2014 | 24618597 |
| lathyrus diversity: available resources with relevance to crop improvement--l. sativus and l. cicera as case studies. | the lathyrus genus includes 160 species, some of which have economic importance as food, fodder and ornamental crops (mainly l. sativus, l. cicera and l. odoratus, respectively) and are cultivated in >1·5 mha worldwide. however, in spite of their well-recognized robustness and potential as a source of calories and protein for populations in drought-prone and marginal areas, cultivation is in decline and there is a high risk of genetic erosion. | 2014 | 24623333 |
| hopz4 from pseudomonas syringae, a member of the hopz type iii effector family from the yopj superfamily, inhibits the proteasome in plants. | the yopj family of type iii effector proteins (t3e) is one of the largest and most widely distributed families of effector proteins, whose members are highly diversified in virulence functions. in the present study, hopz4, a member of the yopj family of t3e from the cucumber pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans is described. hopz4 shares high sequence similarity with the xanthomonas t3e xopj, and a functional analysis suggests a conserved virulence function between these two t3e. as has ... | 2014 | 24625030 |
| a bacterial tyrosine phosphatase inhibits plant pattern recognition receptor activation. | innate immunity relies on the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) by pattern-recognition receptors (prrs) located on the host cell's surface. many plant prrs are kinases. here, we report that the arabidopsis receptor kinase ef-tu receptor (efr), which perceives the elf18 peptide derived from bacterial elongation factor tu, is activated upon ligand binding by phosphorylation on its tyrosine residues. phosphorylation of a single tyrosine residue, y836, is required for acti ... | 2014 | 24625928 |
| responses to elevated c-di-gmp levels in mutualistic and pathogenic plant-interacting bacteria. | despite a recent burst of research, knowledge on c-di-gmp signaling pathways remains largely fragmentary and molecular mechanisms of regulation and even c-di-gmp targets are yet unknown for most bacteria. besides genomics or bioinformatics, accompanying alternative approaches are necessary to reveal c-di-gmp regulation in bacteria with complex lifestyles. we have approached this study by artificially altering the c-di-gmp economy of diverse pathogenic and mutualistic plant-interacting bacteria a ... | 2014 | 24626229 |
| xanthomonas perforans colonization influences salmonella enterica in the tomato phyllosphere. | salmonella enterica rarely grows on healthy, undamaged plants, but its persistence is influenced by bacterial plant pathogens. the interactions between s. enterica, xanthomonas perforans (a tomato bacterial spot pathogen), and tomato were characterized. we observed that virulent x. perforans, which establishes disease by suppressing pathogen-associated molecular pattern (pamp)-triggered immunity that leads to effector-triggered susceptibility, created a conducive environment for persistence of s ... | 2014 | 24632252 |
| phytophthora infestans rxlr effector pexrd2 interacts with host mapkkk ε to suppress plant immune signaling. | mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades are key players in plant immune signaling pathways, transducing the perception of invading pathogens into effective defense responses. plant pathogenic oomycetes, such as the irish potato famine pathogen phytophthora infestans, deliver rxlr effector proteins to plant cells to modulate host immune signaling and promote colonization. our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which these effectors act in plant cells is limited. here, we report that t ... | 2014 | 24632534 |
| common virulence factors and tissue targets of entomopathogenic bacteria for biological control of lepidopteran pests. | this review focuses on common insecticidal virulence factors from entomopathogenic bacteria with special emphasis on two insect pathogenic bacteria photorhabdus (proteobacteria: enterobacteriaceae) and bacillus (firmicutes: bacillaceae). insect pathogenic bacteria of diverse taxonomic groups and phylogenetic origin have been shown to have striking similarities in the virulence factors they produce. it has been suggested that the detection of phage elements surrounding toxin genes, horizontal and ... | 2014 | 24634779 |