Publications

molecular diversity and multifarious plant growth promoting attributes of bacilli associated with wheat (triticum aestivum l.) rhizosphere from six diverse agro-ecological zones of india.	the diversity of culturable bacilli was investigated in six wheat cultivating agro-ecological zones of india viz: northern hills, north western plains, north eastern plains, central, peninsular, and southern hills. these agro-ecological regions are based on the climatic conditions such as ph, salinity, drought, and temperature. a total of 395 bacilli were isolated by heat enrichment and different growth media. amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis using three restriction enzymes alui, msp ...	2016	26567901
distribution of cadmium, iron, and zinc in millstreams of hard winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	hard winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a major crop in the great plains of the united states, and our previous work demonstrated that wheat genotypes vary for grain cadmium accumulation with some exceeding the codex standard (0.2 mg kg(-1)). previous reports of cadmium distribution in flour milling fractions have not included high cadmium grain. this study measured the distribution of cadmium, zinc, and iron in flour and bran streams from high cadmium (0.352 mg kg(-1)) grain on a pilot mill ...	2015	26568286
metabolism of the14c-labeled herbicide clodinafop-propargyl in plant cell cultures of wheat and tobacco.	the metabolism of 14c-clodinafop-propargyl (cfp) was examined in cell cultures of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. 'heines koga ii') and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.). besides the non-transgenic tobacco culture, cultures transformed separately with cdna of human cytochrome p450-monooxygenases (p450s) cyp1a1, cyp1a2, cyp3a4, cyp2b6 and cyp2c19 were examined. experiments with wheat were executed in the presence and absence of safener cloquintocet-mexyl (cqm). after 48 h of incubation, only about 1 ...	2016	26578063
sequencing-based high throughput mutation detection in bread wheat.	forward genetic approaches have limited use for agronomic traits that can't be reliably scored on a single plant basis. thus, mutants in wheat and other crops are more useful for gene function studies by reverse genetic approach. with a long-term goal to develop a sequence-based mutation detection resource in hexaploid wheat, we conducted a feasibility study to accurately differentiate induced mutations from the homoeologs' sequence variations present among the three wheat genomes.	2015	26578187
ensembl genomes 2016: more genomes, more complexity.	ensembl genomes (http://www.ensemblgenomes.org) is an integrating resource for genome-scale data from non-vertebrate species, complementing the resources for vertebrate genomics developed in the context of the ensembl project (http://www.ensembl.org). together, the two resources provide a consistent set of programmatic and interactive interfaces to a rich range of data including reference sequence, gene models, transcriptional data, genetic variation and comparative analysis. this paper provides ...	2016	26578574
changes in the nuclear proteome of developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain.	wheat grain end-use value is determined by complex molecular interactions that occur during grain development, including those in the cell nucleus. however, our knowledge of how the nuclear proteome changes during grain development is limited. here, we analyzed nuclear proteins of developing wheat grains collected during the cellularization, effective grain-filling, and maturation phases of development, respectively. nuclear proteins were extracted and separated by two-dimensional gel electropho ...	2015	26579155
correction: developmental changes in composition and morphology of cuticular waxes on leaves and spikes of glossy and glaucous wheat (triticum aestivum l.).		2015	26580799
genome-wide identification and evolutionary analyses of bzip transcription factors in wheat and its relatives and expression profiles of anther development related tabzip genes.	among the largest and most diverse transcription factor families in plants, basic leucine zipper (bzip) family participate in regulating various processes, including floral induction and development, stress and hormone signaling, photomorphogenesis, seed maturation and germination, and pathogen defense. although common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most widely cultivated and consumed food crops in the world, there is no comprehensive analysis of bzips in wheat, especially those invo ...	2015	26581444
"rolled-upness": phenotyping leaf rolling in cereals using computer vision and functional data analysis approaches.	the flag leaf of a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plant rolls up into a cylinder in response to drought conditions and then unrolls when leaf water relations improve. this is a desirable trait for extending leaf area duration and improving grain size particularly under drought. but how do we quantify this phenotype so that different varieties of wheat or different treatments can be compared objectively since this phenotype can easily be confounded with inter-genotypic differences in root-water upt ...	0	26583042
the wheat tagbf1 gene is involved in the blue-light response and salt tolerance.	light and abiotic stress both strongly modulate plant growth and development. however, the effect of light-responsive factors on growth and abiotic stress responses in wheat (triticum aestivum) is unknown. g-box binding factors (gbfs) are blue light-specific components, but their function in abiotic stress responses has not been studied. here we identified a wheat gbf1 gene that mediated both the blue light- and abiotic stress-responsive signaling pathways. tagbf1 was inducible by blue light, sa ...	2015	26588879
macronutrient composition of nickel-treated wheat under different sulfur concentrations in the nutrient solution.	the effect of different sulfate(vi) sulfur (2, 6, and 9 mm s) levels and nickel(ii) chloride (0, 0.0004, 0.04 and 0.08 mm ni) in the nutrient solution on productivity and macronutrient (n, p, k, ca, mg, s) status and accumulation in spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) zebra cv. was studied. ni treatment reduced the biomass and disturbed the balance and accumulation of macronutrients in wheat. intensive s nutrition, especially with 6 mm s, at least partially increased the biomass, improved ionic ...	2016	26593727
relevance of physiological efficiency in wheat grain quality and the prospects of improvement.	released and pre-released bread wheat varieties evaluated in national wheat programme of india (503 genotypes) during 2005-14 under different environments were examined for the role of physiological parameters in grain quality. genotypes with slow plant height growth but faster rate of grain filling enhanced protein content. plants where growth in height and grain development was slow, grains were hard, provided proportionate vegetative growth phase is longer. steady grain growth rate benefited ...	2015	26600685
taxa21-a1 on chromosome 5al is associated with resistance to multiple pests in wheat.	the wheat ortholog of the rice gene osxa21 against bacterial leaf blight showed resistance to multiple pests in bread wheat but different interacting proteins.	2016	26602233
genome-wide linkage mapping of flour color-related traits and polyphenol oxidase activity in common wheat.	fifty-six qtl for flour color-related traits and polyphenol oxidase activity were identified using a genome-wide linkage mapping of data from a ril population derived from a gaocheng 8901/zhoumai 16 cross.	0	26602234
[genealogical analysis of the use of aegilops (aegilops l.) genetic material in wheat (triticum aestivum l.)].	a genealogical analysis of accessions in the global gene pool of the wheat database gris4.0 showed that the use of the genetic material of aegilops in wheat breeding began about half a century ago. during this time, more than 1350 varieties and 9000 lines, the pedigree of which contains aegilops species, were created in different regions of the world. the spatial and temporal dynamics of the distribution of wheat varieties containing the genetic material of aegilops was investigated. analysis of ...	2015	26606796
uncoupling of sodium and chloride to assist breeding for salinity tolerance in crops.	the separation of toxic effects of sodium (na(+)) and chloride (cl(-)) by the current methods of mixed salts and subsequent determination of their relevance to breeding has been problematic. we report a novel method (na(+) humate) to study the ionic effects of na(+) toxicity without interference from cl(-), and ionic and osmotic effects when combined with salinity (nacl). three cereal species (hordeum vulgare, triticum aestivum and triticum turgidum ssp. durum with and without the na(+) exclusio ...	0	26607560
growth stage-based modulation in physiological and biochemical attributes of two genetically diverse wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars grown in salinized hydroponic culture.	hydroponic experiment was conducted to appraise variation in the salt tolerance potential of two wheat cultivars (salt tolerant, s-24, and moderately salt sensitive, mh-97) at different growth stages. these two wheat cultivars are not genetically related as evident from randomized polymorphic dna analysis (random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd)) which revealed 28% genetic diversity. salinity stress caused a marked reduction in grain yield of both wheat cultivars. however, cv. s-24 was superior ...	2016	26611626
the influences of selected soil properties on pb availability and its transfer to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in a polluted calcareous soil.	accumulated anthropogenic heavy metals in the surface layer of agricultural soils may be transferred through the food chain via plant uptake processes. the objectives of this study were to assess the spatial distribution of lead (pb) in the soils and wheat plants and to determine the soil properties which may affect the pb transferring from soil to wheat plants in zanjan zinc town area, northwestern iran. a total of 110 topsoil samples (0-20 cm) were systematically collected from an agricultural ...	2015	26612564
greenhouse gas emissions and stocks of soil carbon and nitrogen from a 20-year fertilised wheat-maize intercropping system: a model approach.	accurate modelling of agricultural management impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and the cycling of carbon and nitrogen is complicated due to interactions between various processes and the disturbance caused by field management. in this study, a process-based model, the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum system (spacsys), was used to simulate the effects of different fertilisation regimes on crop yields, the dynamics of soil organic carbon (soc) and total nitrogen (sn) stocks from 1990 to 2010, an ...	2016	26615226
homoeologous copy-specific expression patterns of mads-box genes for floral formation in allopolyploid wheat.	the consensus model for floral organ formation in higher plants, the so-called abcde model, proposes that floral whorl-specific combinations of class a, b, c, d, and e genes specify floral organ identity. class a, b, c, d and e genes encode mads-box transcription factors; the single exception being the class a gene apetala2. bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is a hexaploid species with a genome constitution aabbdd; the hexaploid originated from a cross between tetraploid t. turgidum (aabb) and dip ...	2016	26616759
salt stress increases content and size of glutenin macropolymers in wheat grain.	addition of salt solution in making wheat dough improves viscoelasticity. however, the effect of native salt fortification on dough quality is unclear. here, wheat plants were subjected to post-anthesis salt stress to modify salt ion content in grains. the contents of na(+) and k(+), high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs), glutenin macropolyers (gmp) and amino acids in mature grains were measured. as nacl concentration in soil increased, grain yield decreased while na(+) and k(+) conte ...	2016	26616983
using next generation sequencing for multiplexed trait-linked markers in wheat.	with the advent of next generation sequencing (ngs) technologies, single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) have become the major type of marker for genotyping in many crops. however, the availability of snp markers for important traits of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that can be effectively used in marker-assisted selection (mas) is still limited and snp assays for mas are usually uniplex. a shift from uniplex to multiplex assays will allow the simultaneous analysis of multiple markers and i ...	2015	26625271
molecular and cytogenetic characterization of new wheat-dasypyrum breviaristatum derivatives with post-harvest re-growth habit.	a novel dasypyrum species, dasypyrum breviaristatum, serves as a valuable source of useful genes for wheat improvement. the development and characterization of new wheat-d. breviaristatum introgression lines is important to determine the novel gene(s) on specific chromosome(s). we first used multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) to identify the individual d. breviaristatum v(b) chromosomes in a common wheat-d. breviaristatum partial amphiploid, tdh-2. the fish patterns of d. brev ...	2015	26633516
elevated co 2 reduced floret death in wheat under warmer average temperatures and terminal drought.	elevated co2 often increases grain yield in wheat by enhancing grain number per ear, which can result from an increase in the potential number of florets or a reduction in the death of developed florets. the hypotheses that elevated co2 reduces floret death rather than increases floret development, and that grain size in a genotype with more grains per unit area is limited by the rate of grain filling, were tested in a pair of sister lines contrasting in tillering capacity (restricted- vs. free- ...	2015	26635837
proteomic analysis reveals key proteins and phosphoproteins upon seed germination of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the oldest cultivated crops and the second most important food crop in the world. seed germination is the key developmental process in plant growth and development, and poor germination directly affects plant growth and subsequent grain yield. in this study, we performed the first dynamic proteome analysis of wheat seed germination using a two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2d-dige)-based proteomic approach. a total of 166 differentially expr ...	2015	26635843
association analysis of grain-setting rates in apical and basal spikelets in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the rates of grain-setting in apical and basal spikelets in wheat directly affect the kernel number per spike (knps). in this study, 220 wheat lines from 18 chinese provinces and five foreign countries were used as a natural population. phenotypic analysis showed differences in grain-setting rates between apical and basal spikelets. the broad-sense heritability of grain-setting rate in apical spikelets (18.7-21.0%) was higher than that for basal spikelets (9.4-16.4%). significant correlations we ...	2015	26635852
association mapping in scandinavian winter wheat for yield, plant height, and traits important for second-generation bioethanol production.	a collection of 100 wheat varieties representing more than 100 years of wheat-breeding history in scandinavia was established in order to identify marker-trait associations for plant height (ph), grain yield (gy), and biomass potential for bioethanol production. the field-grown material showed variations in ph from 54 to 122 cm and in gy from 2 to 6.61 t ha(-1). the release of monomeric sugars was determined by high-throughput enzymatic treatment of ligno-cellulosic material and varied between 0 ...	2015	26635859
[diallel analysis of stomatal traits in triticum aestivum l].	the guard cell size and stomatal density are important interdependent traits (r = -0.67 ± 0.146) of plant adaptive response to environmental stresses. the purpose of this study was to determine the types of inheritance, the number and effects of genes controlling phenotype of the above-mentioned leaf stomata characteristics. hybrid f1 values, resulting from crossing by 7 x 7 half diallel crosses and values, and parental midpoints were used. genetic control of the trait "length of guard cells" is ...	2015	26638496
genome wide identification of c1-2i zinc finger proteins and their response to abiotic stress in hexaploid wheat.	the c1-2i wheat q-type c2h2 zinc finger protein (zfp) transcription factor subclass has been reported to play important roles in plant stress responses. this subclass of zfps has not been studied in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) and we aimed to identify all members of this subclass and evaluate their responses to different abiotic stresses causing oxidative stress. exploiting the recently published wheat draft genome sequence, we identified 53 members (including homoeologs from a, b and d ...	2016	26638714
exploring the efficacy of wastewater-grown microalgal biomass as a biofertilizer for wheat.	microalgae possess the ability to grow and glean nutrients from wastewater; such wastewater-grown biomass can be used as a biofertilizer for crops. the present investigation was undertaken to evaluate two formulations (formulation with unicellular microalgae (mc1) and formulation with filamentous microalgae (mc2); t4 and t5, respectively), prepared using wastewater-grown microalgal biomass, as a biofertilizer (after mixing with vermiculite/compost as a carrier) in wheat crop (triticum aestivum l ...	2016	26638970
20-hydroxyecdysone protects wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.) against lead stress.	20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) is the most abundant phytoecdysteroid (pe) produced by plants, where it represents a protective molecule against insect attack. the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of 20e on the growth, metabolic enzymes and antioxidant systems of wheat seedlings under lead stress induced by pb(no3)2 (3 mm). pre-treatment concentrations (0, 1, 3 and 5 μm) of 20e were applied for two days, then wheat seedlings were transferred for 5 days to a treatment solution containi ...	2016	26642434
single-molecule real-time transcript sequencing facilitates common wheat genome annotation and grain transcriptome research.	the large and complex hexaploid genome has greatly hindered genomics studies of common wheat (triticum aestivum, aabbdd). here, we investigated transcripts in common wheat developing caryopses using the emerging single-molecule real-time (smrt) sequencing technology pacbio rsii, and assessed the resultant data for improving common wheat genome annotation and grain transcriptome research.	2015	26645802
molecular mapping and marker development for the triticum dicoccoides-derived stripe rust resistance gene yrsm139-1b in bread wheat cv. shaanmai 139.	yrsm139-1b maybe a new gene for effective resistance to stripe rust and useful flanking markers for marker-assisted selection were developed.	2016	26649867
the linear plastid chromosomes of maize: terminal sequences, structures, and implications for dna replication.	the structure of a chromosomal dna molecule may influence the way in which it is replicated and inherited. for decades plastid dna (ptdna) was believed to be circular, with breakage invoked to explain linear forms found upon extraction from the cell. recent evidence indicates that ptdna in vivo consists of linear molecules with discrete termini, although these ends were not characterized. we report the sequences of two terminal regions, end1 and end2, for maize (zea mays l.) ptdna. we describe s ...	0	26650613
identification of a novel allele of tackx6a02 associated with grain size, filling rate and weight of common wheat.	cytokinin oxidase (ckx) plays a crucial role in plant growth and development by reversibly inactivating cytokinin (ctk). twenty-four primer pairs, designed from ests of the tackx genes family of common wheat, were used to identify their allelic variations associated with grain size, weight, and filling rate in 169 recombinant inbred lines (ril) derived from jing 411 × hongmangchun 21. tackx6a02, a member of tackx gene family, amplified by primer pair t31-32, showed a close association with grain ...	2015	26657796
the relationship of leaf rust resistance gene lr13 and hybrid necrosis gene ne2m on wheat chromosome 2bs.	genetic and mutational analyses of wheat leaf rust resistance gene lr13 and hybrid necrosis gene ne2 m indicated that they are the same gene. hybrid necrosis in wheat characterized by chlorosis and eventual necrosis of plant tissues in certain wheat hybrids is controlled by the interaction of complementary dominant genes ne1 and ne2 located on chromosome arms 5bl and 2bs, respectively. multiple alleles at each locus can be identified by differences in necrotic phenotypes when varieties are cross ...	2016	26660463
qtl detection for wheat kernel size and quality and the responses of these traits to low nitrogen stress.	qtls for kernel characteristics and tolerance to n stress were identified, and the functions of ten known genes with regard to these traits were specified. kernel size and quality characteristics in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) ultimately determine the end use of the grain and affect its commodity price, both of which are influenced by the application of nitrogen (n) fertilizer. this study characterized quantitative trait loci (qtls) for kernel size and quality and examined the responses of thes ...	2016	26660466
field evaluation of intensive compost application on cd fractionation and phytoavailability in a mining-contaminated soil.	a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of chicken manure compost on the fractionation of cadmium (cd), soil biological properties and cd uptake by wheat in a soil affected by mining activities in hubei province, china. compost was applied at five levels (0, 27, 54, 108, 216 t ha(-1)), and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was chosen as an indicator plant. results showed that the application of compost increased soil ph and the content of total phosphorus and organic matter. ...	2016	26661745
heavy metal and metalloid concentrations in components of 25 wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties in the vicinity of lead smelters in henan province, china.	soil contamination and human impacts have been reported in the vicinity of lead (pb) smelters in henan, china. however, no information is available on crop uptake of soil contaminants near these smelters. grains, glume, rachis, and stem/leaf samples of 25 wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties were collected from a small, smelter-impacted agricultural area of beishe village, henan province, and were analyzed for arsenic (as), cadmium (cd), copper (cu), pb, and zinc (zn) concentrations. the study ai ...	0	26661959
decreasing methylation of pectin caused by nitric oxide leads to higher aluminium binding in cell walls and greater aluminium sensitivity of wheat roots.	nitric oxide (no) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (al) toxicity. we have investigated the effects of al-induced no production on cell wall composition and the subsequent al-binding capacity in roots of an al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. yang-5). we found that al exposure induced no accumulation in the root tips. eliminating no production with an no scavenger (cptio) significantl ...	2016	26663393
the arabidopsis thaliana clavata3/embryo-surrounding region 26 (cle26) peptide is able to alter root architecture of solanum lycopersicum and brassica napus.	optimal development of root architecture is vital to the structure and nutrient absorption capabilities of any plant. we recently demonstrated that atcle26 regulates a. thaliana root architecture development, possibly by altering auxin distribution to the root apical meristem via inhibition of protophloem development. in addition, we showed that atcle26 application is able to induce a root architectural change in the monocots brachypodium distachyon and triticum aestivum. here, we showed that ap ...	2016	26669515
resistance potential of bread wheat genotypes against yellow rust disease under egyptian climate.	yellow rust (stripe rust), caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most destructive foliar diseases of wheat in egypt and worldwide. in order to identify wheat genotypes resistant to yellow rust and develop molecular markers associated with the resistance, fifty f8 recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from a cross between resistant and susceptible bread wheat landraces were obtained. artificial infection of puccinia striiformis was performed under greenhouse conditions du ...	2015	26674020
competitive expression of endogenous wheat cenh3 may lead to suppression of alien zmcenh3 in transgenic wheat × maize hybrids.	uniparental chromosome elimination in wheat × maize hybrid embryos is widely used in double haploid production of wheat. several explanations have been proposed for this phenomenon, one of which is that the lack of cross-species cenh3 incorporation may act as a barrier to interspecies hybridization. however, it is unknown if this mechanism applies universally. to study the role of cenh3 in maize chromosome elimination of wheat × maize hybrid embryos, maize zmcenh3 and wheat αtacenh3-b driven by ...	2015	26674381
influence of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit composition at glu-b1 locus on secondary and micro structures of gluten in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	glutenin is one of the critical gluten proteins that affect the processing quality of wheat dough. high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) affect rheological behavior of wheat dough. this research demonstrated the effects of four variations of hmw-gs composition at the glu-b1 locus on secondary and micro structures of gluten and rheological properties of wheat dough, using the bread wheat xinong 1330 and its three near-isogenic lines (nils). results indicated that the amide i bands of t ...	2016	26675856
dynamic metabolome profiling reveals significant metabolic changes during grain development of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	metabolites in wheat grains greatly influence nutritional values. wheat provides proteins, minerals, b-group vitamins and dietary fiber to humans. these metabolites are important to human health. however, the metabolome of the grain during the development of bread wheat has not been studied so far. in this work the first dynamic metabolome of the developing grain of the elite chinese bread wheat cultivar zhongmai 175 was analyzed, using non-targeted gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms) f ...	2016	26676564
an ethylmethane sulfonate mutant resource in pre-green revolution hexaploid wheat.	mutagenesis is a powerful tool used for studying gene function as well as for crop improvement. it is regaining popularity because of the development of effective and cost efficient methods for high-throughput mutation detection. selection for semi-dwarf phenotype during green revolution has reduced genetic diversity including that for agronomically desirable traits. most of the available mutant populations in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were developed in post-green revolution cultivars. beside ...	2015	26678261
wheat and ultra high diluted silver nitrate--further experiments and re-analysis of data.	since 1926, an influence of a dilution of silver nitrate (24x) on the growth of coleoptiles of wheat seedlings was described. the aim of the study discussed here is the critical proof of the reliability of a test system which has been quoted as a basic model for the research on homoeopathy for decades.	2015	26678724
wheat and ultra high diluted gibberellic acid--further experiments and re-analysis of data.	following studies (a) on wheat seedlings and ultra high diluted silver nitrate, and (b) on amphibians and an ultra high diluted hormone, (c) a bio-assay on wheat and extremely diluted gibberellic acid was standardized. this assay was intended to combine the easy-to-handle aspect of (a) and biologically interesting aspects of (b). the purpose of the data analysis presented here was to investigate the influence of an extreme dilution of gibberellic acid on wheat stalk length and to determine the i ...	2015	26678726
chromatographic analysis of wheatgrass extracts.	wheatgrass (wg) is the shoot of triticum aestivum linn. belongs to the family gramineae, and possess high chlorophyll content and essential vitamins, minerals, vital enzymes, amino acids, dietary fibers etc., it has been shown to possess anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, antioxidant, and anti-arthritic activity due to the presence of biologically active compounds, and minerals. therefore, in the present study, high-performance thin layer chromatography (hptlc), and high-performance liquid chromatography ...	2017	26681880
effects of two different organic amendments addition to soil on sorption-desorption, leaching, bioavailability of penconazole and the growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	this study investigated the effects of sugarcane bagasse compost (sbc) and chicken manure compost (cmc) on the sorption-desorption, leaching and bioavailability of the fungicide penconazole in soil in a laboratory setting. the autoclave-treated sbc or cmc was applied at 2.5% and 5.0% (w/w). results of batch equilibrium experiments exhibited that the sorption capacity of soils for penconazole was significantly promoted by the addition of sbc or cmc, whereas desorption of penconazole was drastical ...	2016	26683765
[effects of long-term mixed application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on canopy apparent photosynthesis and yield of winter wheat].	a field experiment was conducted using the winter wheat (triticum aestivum) variety shimai 15. the source of organic nitrogen was cow manure, and four fertilization treatments were included, i.e., no n fertilizer application, single application of urea, single application of cow manure, and mixed application of urea and cow manure. the effects of different applications of inorganic and organic nitrogen on canopy apparent photosynthesis (cap), photosynthetic rate of flag leaves (pn), leaf area in ...	2015	26685599
identification of markers linked to genes for sprouting tolerance (independent of grain color) in hard white winter wheat (hwww).	hard red wheats can donate genes to hard white wheats for tolerance to preharvest sprouting, the effects are quantitative in nature, and may be tracked with previously described dna markers.	2016	26687145
phytochemical analysis and estimation of major bioactive compounds from triticum aestivum l. grass with antimicrobial potential.	the aim of the present study was to investigate phytochemical analysis, and qualitative and quantitative determination of major bioactive compound present in various organic extracts of t. aestivum l. grass. soxhlet apparatus was used for the extraction purpose using hexane, chloroform, methanol and distilled water as a solvent system. all the extracts derived from t. aestivum showed qualitative presence of major phytochemicals including alkaloids, steroids and cardiac glycosides tannins, flavon ...	2015	26687741
a wheat r2r3-myb protein purple plant1 (tapl1) functions as a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis.	transcriptional activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in vegetative tissues of monocotyledonous plants is mediated by cooperative activity of one component from each of the following two transcription factor families: myb encoded by purple plant1/colored aleurone1 (pl1/c1), and basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) encoded by red/booster (r1/b1). in the present study, putative pl cdna was cloned from the wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivar iksan370, which preferentially expresses anthocyanins in c ...	2016	26692488
host-preferential fusarium graminearum gene expression during infection of wheat, barley, and maize.	fusarium graminearum is a broad host pathogen threatening cereal crops in temperate regions around the world. to better understand how f. graminearum adapts to different hosts, we have performed a comparison of the transcriptome of a single strain of f. graminearum during early infection (up to 4 d post-inoculation) of barley, maize, and wheat using custom oligomer microarrays. our results showed high similarity between f. graminearum transcriptomes in infected wheat and barley spike tissues. qu ...	2016	26693688
lib spectroscopic and biochemical analysis to characterize lead toxicity alleviative nature of silicon in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings.	the responses of wheat seedling treated with silicon (si; 10 μm) and lead (pb; 100 μm) for 7 days have been investigated by analyzing growth, pb uptake, chlorophyll fluorescence, oxidative stress, antioxidants and nutrients regulation. results indicated that, pb significantly (p<0.05) declined growth of seedlings which was accompanied by uptake of pb. under pb stress, fluorescence parameters: fv/fm ratio and qp were significantly (p<0.05) decreased while npq was increased. si addition alleviated ...	2016	26700425
tacyp78a5 regulates seed size in wheat (triticum aestivum).	seed size is an important agronomic trait and a major component of seed yield in wheat. however, little is known about the genes and mechanisms that determine the final seed size in wheat. here, we isolated tacyp78a5, the orthologous gene of arabidopsis cyp78a5/kluh in wheat, from wheat cv. shaan 512 and demonstrated that the expression of tacyp78a5 affects seed size. tacyp78a5 encodes the cytochrome p450 (cyp) 78a5 protein in wheat and rescued the phenotype of the arabidopsis deletion mutant cy ...	2016	26712825
involvement of fungal pectin methylesterase activity in the interaction between fusarium graminearum and wheat.	the genome of fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of fusarium head blight of wheat, contains two putative pectin methylesterase (pme)-encoding genes. however, when grown in liquid culture containing pectin, f. graminearum produces only a single pme, which was purified and identified. its encoding gene, expressed during wheat spike infection, was disrupted by targeted homologous recombination. two δpme mutant strains lacked pme activity but were still able to grow on highly methyl-esterified p ...	2016	26713352
copy number variation of cytokinin oxidase gene tackx4 associated with grain weight and chlorophyll content of flag leaf in common wheat.	as the main pigment in photosynthesis, chlorophyll significantly affects grain filling and grain weight of crop. cytokinin (ctk) can effectively increase chlorophyll content and chloroplast stability, but it is irreversibly inactivated by cytokinin oxidase (ckx). in this study, therefore, twenty-four pairs of primers were designed to identify variations of wheat ckx (tackx) genes associated with flag leaf chlorophyll content after anthesis, as well as grain weight in 169 recombinant inbred lines ...	2015	26714276
genome-wide linkage mapping of qtl for adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in a chinese wheat population linmai 2 × zhong 892.	stripe rust is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. adult-plant resistance (apr) is an efficient approach to provide long-term protection of wheat from the disease. the chinese winter wheat cultivar zhong 892 has a moderate level of apr to stripe rust in the field. to determine the inheritance of the apr resistance in this cultivar, 273 f6 recombinant inbred lines (rils) were developed from a cross between linmai 2 and zhong 892. the rils were evaluated fo ...	0	26714310
analysis of seasonal expression levels of wheat fructan exohydrolase (feh) genes regulating fructan metabolism involved in wintering ability.	in northern regions, winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) accumulates fructan during cold-acclimation in autumn and freeze-acclimation in early winter. the content of fructan in wheat crown tissues is associated with both freezing tolerance and snow mold resistance, and expression levels of fructan synthesis genes in leaf and crown tissue are correlated with both changes and varietal differences in fructan accumulation levels of wheat during cold- and freeze-acclimation. fructan hydrolysis activi ...	2016	26717012
overexpression of cold-inducible wheat galactinol synthase confers tolerance to chilling stress in transgenic rice.	galactinol synthase (gols) is considered to be a key regulator of the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (rfos). accumulation of rfos has been reported to play a role in protection against abiotic stresses. we identified two cdnas encoding galactinol synthase from wheat (triticum aestivum l.), which we designated as tagols1 and tagols2. expression of the two tagols genes was induced by cold stress but not by drought, heat stress or aba treatment in wheat. we generated transgenic l ...	2015	26719738
effects of conservation tillage on topsoil microbial metabolic characteristics and organic carbon within aggregates under a rice (oryza sativa l.)-wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cropping system in central china.	investigating microbial metabolic characteristics and soil organic carbon (soc) within aggregates and their relationships under conservation tillage may be useful in revealing the mechanism of soc sequestration in conservation tillage systems. however, limited studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between soc and microbial metabolic characteristics within aggregate fractions under conservation tillage. we hypothesized that close relationships can exist between soc and micro ...	2016	26731654
production and identification of wheat-agropyron cristatum 2p translocation lines.	agropyron cristatum (l.) gaertn. (2n = 28, pppp), a wild relative of common wheat, possesses many potentially valuable traits that can be transferred to common wheat through breeding programs. the wheat-a. cristatum disomic addition and translocation lines can be used as bridge materials to introduce alien chromosomal segments to wheat. wheat-a. cristatum 2p disomic addition line ii-9-3 was highly resistant to powdery mildew and leaf rust, which was reported in our previous study. however, some ...	2016	26731742
genome-wide linkage mapping of qtl for yield components, plant height and yield-related physiological traits in the chinese wheat cross zhou 8425b/chinese spring.	identification of genes for yield components, plant height (ph), and yield-related physiological traits and tightly linked molecular markers is of great importance in marker-assisted selection (mas) in wheat breeding. in the present study, 246 f8 rils derived from the cross of zhou 8425b/chinese spring were genotyped using the high-density illumina iselect 90k single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) assay. field trials were conducted at zhengzhou and zhoukou of henan province, during the 2012-2013 ...	2015	26734019
characterization of a putative new semi-dominant reduced height gene, rht_nm9, in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	plant height is an important agronomic trait in cereal crops, and can affect both plant architecture and grain yield. new dwarfing genes are required for improving the genetic diversity of wheat. in this study, a novel dwarf mutant, nm9, was created by treating seeds of the wheat variety nau9918 with ethyl methanesulfonate (ems). nm9 showed obvious phenotypic changes, which were distinct from those caused by other dwarfing genes, especially the reduced plant height, increased effective tiller nu ...	2015	26743986
variation of the phytotoxicity of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seed germination with leaching conditions.	municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (mswiba) has long been regarded as an alternative building material in the construction industry. however, the pollutants contained in the bottom ash could potentially leach out and contaminate the local environment, which presents an obstacle to the reuse of the materials. to evaluate the environmental feasibility of using mswiba as a recycled material in construction, the leaching derived ecotoxicity was assessed. the leaching behavior of mswiba und ...	2016	26745383
fine genetic mapping of spot blotch resistance gene sb3 in wheat (triticum aestivum).	spot blotch disease resistance gene sb3 was mapped to a 0.15 centimorgan (cm) genetic interval spanning a 602 kb physical genomic region on chromosome 3bs. wheat spot blotch disease, caused by b. sorokiniana, is a devastating disease that can cause severe yield losses. although inoculum levels can be reduced by planting disease-free seed, treatment of plants with fungicides and crop rotation, genetic resistance is likely to be a robust, economical and environmentally friendly tool in the control ...	2016	26747045
introgression of genes from bread wheat enhances the aluminium tolerance of durum wheat.	the aluminium tolerance of durum wheat was markedly enhanced by introgression of taalmt1 and tamate1b from bread wheat. in contrast to bread wheat, tamate1b conferred greater aluminium tolerance than taalmt1. durum wheat (tetraploid aabb, triticum turgidum) is a species that grows poorly on acid soils due to its sensitivity of al(3+). by contrast, bread wheat (hexaploid aabbdd, t. aestivum) shows a large variation in al(3+) tolerance which can be attributed to a major gene (taalmt1) located on c ...	2016	26747046
exogenous methyl jasmonate regulates cytokinin content by modulating cytokinin oxidase activity in wheat seedlings under salinity.	the treatment of 4-days-old wheat seedlings with methyl jasmonate (meja) in concentration optimal for their growth (0.1 μm) resulted in a rapid transient almost two-fold increase in the level of cytokinins (cks). meja-induced accumulation of cks was due to inhibition of both cytokinin oxidase (ckx) (cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase, ec 1.5.99.12) gene expression and activity of this enzyme. pretreatment of wheat seedlings with meja decreased the growth-retarding effect of sodium chloride salinity ...	2016	26748373
development of lipophilic antioxidants and chloroplasts during the sprouting of diverse triticum spp.	the influence of sprouting times and illumination conditions on lipophilic antioxidants (carotenoids, tocochromanols, alkylresorcinols, and steryl ferulates), chlorophylls, and α-amylase activity was investigated using four varieties each of bread wheat (triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum), spelt (t. aestivum ssp. spelta), durum (t. durum), emmer (t. dicoccum), and einkorn (t. monococcum). carotenoid levels significantly increased during sprouting, particularly, under light exposure. in contrast, c ...	2016	26752117
(gaa)n microsatellite as an indicator of the a genome reorganization during wheat evolution and domestication.	although the wheat a genomes have been intensively studied over past decades, many questions concerning the mechanisms of their divergence and evolution still remain unsolved. in the present study we performed comparative analysis of the a genome chromosomes in diploid (triticum urartu tumanian ex gandilyan, 1972, triticum boeoticum boissier, 1874 and triticum monococcum linnaeus, 1753) and polyploid wheat species representing two evolutionary lineages, timopheevi (triticum timopheevii (zhukovsk ...	2015	26753073
genetically divergent types of the wheat leaf fungus puccinia triticina in ethiopia, a center of tetraploid wheat diversity.	collections of puccinia triticina, the wheat leaf rust fungus, were obtained from tetraploid and hexaploid wheat in the central highlands of ethiopia, and a smaller number from kenya, from 2011 to 2013, in order to determine the genetic diversity of this wheat pathogen in a center of host diversity. single-uredinial isolates were derived and tested for virulence phenotype to 20 lines of thatcher wheat that differ for single leaf rust resistance genes and for molecular genotypes with 10 simple se ...	2016	26756826
triticumoside induces apoptosis via caspase-dependent mitochondrial pathway and inhibits migration through downregulation of mmp2/9 in human lung cancer cells.	non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc) is the major cancer-related death worldwide with only 14% five-year survival rate. triticumoside, a phenolic compound present in triticum aestivum sprout extract, has been recognized to have antiobesity and anti-inflammatory effects. however, the effect of triticumoside on cancer cell proliferation and migration has not been studied. in order to elucidate whether triticumoside exhibits an anticancer effect, cells were incubated with different doses of triticumo ...	2016	26758192
accessing inoculation methods of maize and wheat with azospirillum brasilense.	the utilization of inoculants containing azospirillum is becoming more popular due to increasing reports of expressive gains in grain yields. however, incompatibility with pesticides used in seed treatments represents a main limitation for a successful inoculation. therefore, in this study we searched for alternatives methods for seed inoculation of maize and wheat, aiming to avoid the direct contact of bacteria with pesticides. different doses of inoculants containing azospirillum brasilense we ...	2016	26759120
the effect of elevated ozone concentrations with varying shading on dry matter loss in a winter wheat-producing region in china.	surface-level ozone pollution causes crop production loss by directly reducing healthy green leaf area available for carbon fixation. ozone and its precursors also affect crop photosynthesis indirectly by decreasing solar irradiance. pollutants are reported to have become even more severe in eastern china over the last ten years. in this study, we investigated the effect of a combination of elevated ozone concentrations and reduced solar irradiance on a popular winter wheat yangmai13 (triticum a ...	2016	26760509
genetic control of mesophyll conductance in common wheat.		2016	26763680
comprehensive identification and bread-making quality evaluation of common wheat somatic variation line as208 on glutenin composition.	high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gss) are important seed storage proteins in wheat (triticum aestivum) that determine wheat dough elasticity and processing quality. clarification of the defined effectiveness of hmw-gss is very important to breeding efforts aimed at improving wheat quality. to date, there have no report on the expression silencing and quality effects of 1bx20 and 1by20 at the glu-b1 locus in wheat. a wheat somatic variation line, as208, in which both 1bx20 and 1by20 a ...	2016	26765256
the tae-mir408-mediated control of tatoc1 genes transcription is required for the regulation of heading time in wheat.	timing of flowering is not only an interesting topic in developmental biology, but it also plays a significant role in agriculture for its effects on the maturation time of seed. the hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) is one of the most important crop species whose flowering time, i.e. heading time, greatly influences yield. however, it remains unclear whether and how micrornas regulate heading time in it. in our current study, we identified the tae-mir408 in wheat and its targets in vivo, incl ...	2016	26768600
dynamics of soil available phosphorus and its impact factors under simulated climate change in typical farmland of taihu lake region, china.	global climate change affects the availability of soil nutrients, thereby influencing crop productivity. this research was conducted to investigate the effects of elevated co2, elevated temperature, and the interaction of the elevated co2 and temperature on the soil available phosphorus (p) of a paddy-wheat rotation in the taihu lake region, china. winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was cultivated during the study period from 2011 to 2014 at two co2 levels (350 μl•l(-1) ambient and 500 μl•l(-1) ...	2016	26769701
novel structural and functional motifs in cellulose synthase (cesa) genes of bread wheat (triticum aestivum, l.).	cellulose is the primary determinant of mechanical strength in plant tissues. late-season lodging is inversely related to the amount of cellulose in a unit length of the stem. wheat is the most widely grown of all the crops globally, yet information on its cesa gene family is limited. we have identified 22 cesa genes from bread wheat, which include homoeologs from each of the three genomes, and named them as tacesaxa, tacesaxb or tacesaxd, where x denotes the gene number and the last suffix stan ...	2016	26771740
taopr2 encodes a 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductases (oprs) are involved in the various processes of growth and development in plants, and classified into the oprⅰ and oprⅱ subgroups. in higher plants, only oprⅱ subgroup genes take part in the biosynthesis of endogenous jasmonic acid. in this study, we isolated a novel oprⅱ subgroup gene named taopr2 (genebank accession: km216389) from the thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (tgms) wheat cultivar bs366. taopr2 was predicted to encode a protein with 390 amino ...	2016	26778003
online co2 and h2 o oxygen isotope fractionation allows estimation of mesophyll conductance in c4 plants, and reveals that mesophyll conductance decreases as leaves age in both c4 and c3 plants.	mesophyll conductance significantly, and variably, limits photosynthesis but we currently have no reliable method of measurement for c4 plants. an online oxygen isotope technique was developed to allow quantification of mesophyll conductance in c4 plants and to provide an alternative estimate in c3 plants. the technique is compared to an established carbon isotope method in three c3 species. mesophyll conductance of c4 species was similar to that in the c3 species measured, and declined in both ...	2016	26778088
a single-nucleotide polymorphism of tags5 gene revealed its association with kernel weight in chinese bread wheat.	tags5 genes were cloned from bread wheat and were physically mapped on 3as and 3ds. sequencing results revealed that a snp was found in the sixth exon of tags5-a1 gene. the snp resulted in amino acid change from alanine to serine at the 303 bp position of tags5-a1. these two alleles were designated as tags5-a1a (alanine at the 303 bp position) and tags5-a1b genes (serine at the 303-bp position). analysis of association of tags5-a1 alleles with agronomic traits indicated that cultivars with tags5 ...	2015	26779195
characterization of proteins involved in early stage of wheat grain development by itraq.	wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most important crops in the world due to its value as a major food source. to explore the protein synthesis, accumulation and regulation during grain development are more complex because of its large genome. in this study, grains from wheat cultivar chinese spring were harvested at three development stages (daa4, daa8 and daa12) and were used to display variable expressed proteins during these stages. itraq-based quantitative proteomic and lc-ms/ms meth ...	2016	26779988
a comparative gene analysis with rice identified orthologous group ii hkt genes and their association with na(+) concentration in bread wheat.	although the hkt transporter genes ascertain some of the key determinants of crop salt tolerance mechanisms, the diversity and functional role of group ii hkt genes are not clearly understood in bread wheat. the advanced knowledge on rice hkt and whole genome sequence was, therefore, used in comparative gene analysis to identify orthologous wheat group ii hkt genes and their role in trait variation under different saline environments.	2016	26786911
influence of water biscuit processing and kernel puffing on the phenolic acid content and the antioxidant activity of einkorn and bread wheat.	the whole meal flour of wheat is rich in phenolic acids, which provide a relevant antioxidant activity to food products. aim of this research was to assess the influence of processing on phenolic acid content and antioxidant activity of whole meal flour water biscuits and puffed kernels of einkorn and bread wheat. to this end, the evolution of syringaldehyde, ferulic, vanillic, syringic, p-coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic, and caffeic acids was studied during manufacturing. overall, from flour to wate ...	2016	26787973
comparative mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene pm21 and functional characterization of resistance-related genes in wheat.	the powdery mildew resistance gene pm21 was physically and comparatively mapped by newly developed markers. seven candidate genes were verified to be required for pm21 -mediated resistance to wheat powdery mildew. pm21, a gene derived from wheat wild relative dasypyrum villosum, has been transferred into common wheat and widely utilized in wheat resistance breeding for powdery mildew. previously, pm21 has been located to the bin fl0.45-0.58 of 6vs by using deletion stocks. however, its fine mapp ...	2016	26791837
an efficient approach to bac based assembly of complex genomes.	there has been an exponential growth in the number of genome sequencing projects since the introduction of next generation dna sequencing technologies. genome projects have increasingly involved assembly of whole genome data which produces inferior assemblies compared to traditional sanger sequencing of genomic fragments cloned into bacterial artificial chromosomes (bacs). while whole genome shotgun sequencing using next generation sequencing (ngs) is relatively fast and inexpensive, this method ...	2016	26793268
visualisation of plastid degradation in sperm cells of wheat pollen.	like most angiosperms, wheat (triticum aestivum) shows maternal inheritance of plastids. it is thought that this takes place by cytoplasmic stripping at fertilisation rather than the absence of plastids in sperm cells. to determine the fate of plastids during sperm cell development, plastid-targeted green fluorescent protein was used to visualise these organelles in nuclear transgenic wheat lines. fewer than thirty small 1-2-μm plastids were visible in early uninucleate pollen cells. these drama ...	2017	26795342
rubisco catalytic properties of wild and domesticated relatives provide scope for improving wheat photosynthesis.	rubisco is a major target for improving crop photosynthesis and yield, yet natural diversity in catalytic properties of this enzyme is poorly understood. rubisco from 25 genotypes of the triticeae tribe, including wild relatives of bread wheat (triticum aestivum), were surveyed to identify superior enzymes for improving photosynthesis in this crop. in vitro rubisco carboxylation velocity (v c), michaelis-menten constants for co2 (k c) and o2 (k o) and specificity factor (s c/o) were measured at ...	2016	26798025
rna-seq transcriptional profiling of herbaspirillum seropedicae colonizing wheat (triticum aestivum) roots.	herbaspirillum seropedicae is a diazotrophic and endophytic bacterium that associates with economically important grasses promoting plant growth and increasing productivity. to identify genes related to bacterial ability to colonize plants, wheat seedlings growing hydroponically in hoagland's medium were inoculated with h. seropedicae and incubated for 3 days. total mrna from the bacteria present in the root surface and in the plant medium were purified, depleted from rrna and used for rna-seq p ...	2016	26801330
bionano genome mapping of individual chromosomes supports physical mapping and sequence assembly in complex plant genomes.	the assembly of a reference genome sequence of bread wheat is challenging due to its specific features such as the genome size of 17 gbp, polyploid nature and prevalence of repetitive sequences. bac-by-bac sequencing based on chromosomal physical maps, adopted by the international wheat genome sequencing consortium as the key strategy, reduces problems caused by the genome complexity and polyploidy, but the repeat content still hampers the sequence assembly. availability of a high-resolution gen ...	2016	26801360
a highly recombined, high-density, eight-founder wheat magic map reveals extensive segregation distortion and genomic locations of introgression segments.	multiparent advanced generation intercross (magic) mapping populations offer unique opportunities and challenges for marker and qtl mapping in crop species. we have constructed the first eight-parent magic genetic map for wheat, comprising 18 601 snp markers. we validated the accuracy of our map against the wheat genome sequence and found an improvement in accuracy compared to published genetic maps. our map shows a notable increase in precision resulting from the three generations of intercross ...	2016	26801965
molecular interactions of the γ-clade homeodomain-leucine zipper class i transcription factors during the wheat response to water deficit.	the γ-clade of class i homeodomain-leucine zipper (hd-zip i) transcription factors (tfs) constitute members which play a role in adapting plant growth to conditions of water deficit. given the importance of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) as a global food crop and the impact of water deficit upon grain yield, we focused on functional aspects of wheat drought responsive hd-zip i tfs. while the wheat γ-clade hd-zip i tfs share significant sequence similarities with homologous genes from other plants, ...	2016	26803501
biological responses of wheat (triticum aestivum) plants to the herbicide simetryne in soils.	the rotation of rice and wheat is widely used and highly endorsed, and simetryne (s-triazine herbicide) is one of the principal herbicides widely used in this rotation for weed and grass control. however, little is known regarding the mechanism of the ecological and physiological effects of simetryne on wheat crops. in this study, we performed a comprehensive investigation of crop response to simetryne to elucidate the accumulation and phytotoxicity of the herbicide in wheat crops. wheat plants ...	2016	26803524
identification and validation of novel low-tiller number qtl in common wheat.	snp-based qtl mapping provided useful information for novel loci that can be used in breeding programs to control tillering and improve yield in wheat via marker-assisted selection. tillering is one of the most important agronomic traits affecting biomass and grain yield potential in wheat. wheat lines with very limited tillering capacity are more productive than free-tillering lines under severe drought conditions. in this study, three recombinant inbred line (ril) populations were generated an ...	2016	26804619
mechanistic understanding of reduced agnp phytotoxicity induced by extracellular polymeric substances.	a knowledge gap concerning the potential effects of extracellular polymeric substances (eps), a common organic material but highly variable in their composition of microbial origin, on the fate and phytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles (agnp) still remains. a 48-h root elongation toxicity test showed that agnp toxicity to wheat triticum aestivum l. was dramatically alleviated by eps isolated from pseudomonas putida, as revealed by 7-59% increase in relative root elongation (rre), 8-99% increase ...	2016	26808239
using the hexaploid nature of wheat to create variability in starch characteristics.	in hexaploid crops, such as bread wheat, it should be possible to fine-tune phenotypic traits by identifying wild-type and null genes from each of the three genomes and combining them in a calculated manner. here, we demonstrate this with gene combinations for two starch synthesis genes, ssiia and gbssi. lines with inactive copies of both enzymes show a very dramatic change in phenotype, so to create intermediate phenotypes, we used marker-assisted selection to develop near-isogenic lines (nils) ...	2016	26808423
two members of tarlk family confer powdery mildew resistance in common wheat.	powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminearum f.sp. tritici (bgt), is one of the most severe fungal diseases of wheat. the exploration and utilization of new gene resources is the most effective approach for the powdery mildew control.	2016	26810982