Publications

drought-induced responses of physiology, metabolites, and pr proteins in triticum aestivum.	the impact of severe drought stress (13% soil moisture) on the physiological responses, metabolic profile, and pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins in wheat above- and below-ground biomass after 20 days of treatment was studied. drought depleted growth, assimilation pigments, and majority of free amino acids in the shoots (but proline increased considerably, +160%). on the contrary, root growth parameters were elevated, and free amino acids did not decrease, indicating investment of metabolites in ...	2015	26330002
the wheat transcription factor tagamyb recruits histone acetyltransferase and activates the expression of a high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene.	glutenin proteins in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) flour confer unique viscoelastic properties to dough products and, therefore, the concentration and composition of the glutenin proteins determine its end-use value. however, the mechanisms governing the glutenin gene expression remain elusive. in this study, we report that wheat tagamyb activates the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes (taglu) through recruiting the histone acetyltransferase gcn5. by sequencing the promoters of taglu-1 ...	2015	26332346
study on the immunoreactivity of triticum monococcum (einkorn) wheat in patients with wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis for the production of hypoallergenic foods.	wheat [triticum aestivum (t.a.)] ingestion can cause a specific allergic reaction, which is called wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (wdeia). the major allergen involved is ω-5 gliadin, a gluten protein coded by genes located on the b genome. our aim was to study the immunoreactivity of proteins in triticum monococcum (einkorn, t.m.), a diploid ancestral wheat lacking b chromosomes, for possible use in the production of hypoallergenic foods. a total of 14 patients with a clear history ...	2015	26332577
characterization of a triticum aestivum-dasypyrum villosum t2vs·2dl translocation line expressing a longer spike and more kernels traits.	by using 2v-specific est-pcr markers and sequential gish/fish analysis, we identified four homozygous cs-2v translocation lines, including a novel compensating t2vs·2dl translocation line nau422. this translocation line has longer spikes and produces more grains per spike than its recurrent parent cs and three other translocation lines, which could be a valuable resource in wheat yield improvement. dasypyrum villosum (2n = 14, vv), the wild relative of wheat, possesses novel and superior alleles ...	2015	26334547
biological networks underlying abiotic stress tolerance in temperate crops--a proteomic perspective.	abiotic stress factors, especially low temperatures, drought, and salinity, represent the major constraints limiting agricultural production in temperate climate. under the conditions of global climate change, the risk of damaging effects of abiotic stresses on crop production increases. plant stress response represents an active process aimed at an establishment of novel homeostasis under altered environmental conditions. proteins play a crucial role in plant stress response since they are dire ...	2015	26340626
transcriptome analysis of the chinese bread wheat cultivar yunong 201 and its ethyl methanesulfonate mutant line.	roche 454 next-generation sequencing was applied to obtain extensive information about the transcriptomes of the bread wheat cultivar yunong 201 and its ems mutant line yunong 3114. totals of 1.43 million and 1.44 million raw reads were generated, 14,432, 17,845 and 27,867 isotigs were constructed using the reads in yunong 201, yunong 3114 and their combination, respectively. moreover, 29,042, 34,722, and 48,486 unigenes were generated in yunong 201, yunong 3114, and combined cultivars, respecti ...	2016	26342963
dynamic qtl analysis of protein content and glutamine synthetase activity in recombinant inbred wheat lines.	protein content (pc) is a crucial factor that determines the end-use and nutritional quality of wheat (triticum aestivum). glutamine synthetase (gs), which is a major participant in nitrogen metabolism, can convert inorganic nitrogen into organic nitrogen. although many studies have been conducted on pc and gs, a dynamic analysis of all of the filling stages has not been conducted. therefore, 115 f9-10 recombinant inbred wheat lines of 'r131/r142' were used to analyze pc and gs activity during d ...	2015	26345802
[identification of the 1rs-7ds.7dl wheat-rye small segment translocation lines].	rye (secale cereale l., rr) is a valuable genetic resource for the improvement of common wheat (triticum aestivum l., aabbdd). transferring alien rye genes into wheat by distant hybridization and automatic chromosome doubling is an important and efficient method to boost agronomic traits, disease resistance and widening the gene pool in wheat. in this study, an octoploid triticale cd-13 (aabbddrr) was obtained via automatic chromosome doubling by crossing landrace penganbaimaizi (t. aestivum l., ...	2015	26351056
wheat nac transcription factor tanac29 is involved in response to salt stress.	soil salinity is considered as one of the most severe abiotic stress factors, which limit plant growth and cause significant losses in crop yield. nac transcription factors have been proven to play vital roles in abiotic stress signaling in plants. as a staple crop, wheat production is severely constrained by salt stress whereas only a few nac genes have been characterized functionally. to promote the application of nac genes in wheat improvement by genetic engineering, a nac gene designated tan ...	2015	26352804
small-scale gene duplications played a major role in the recent evolution of wheat chromosome 3b.	bread wheat is not only an important crop, but its large (17 gb), highly repetitive, and hexaploid genome makes it a good model to study the organization and evolution of complex genomes. recently, we produced a high quality reference sequence of wheat chromosome 3b (774 mb), which provides an excellent opportunity to study the evolutionary dynamics of a large and polyploid genome, specifically the impact of single gene duplications.	2015	26353816
identification of genes bordering breakpoints of the pericentric inversions on 2b, 4b, and 5a in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	chromosome translocation is an important driving force in shaping genomes during evolution. detailed knowledge of chromosome translocations in a given species and its close relatives should increase the efficiency and precision of chromosome engineering in crop improvement. to identify genes flanking the breakpoints of translocations and inversions as a step toward identifying breakpoints in bread wheat, we systematically analysed genes in the brachypodium genome against wheat survey sequences a ...	2015	26356308
reaction of five non-cereal grasses to five races and two host selective toxins of pyrenophora tritici-repentis.	alternative hosts increase the difficulty of disease management in crops because these alternate hosts provide additional sources of primary inoculum or refuges for diversity in the pathogen gene pool. agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass), bromus inermis (smooth bromegrass), pascopyrum smithii (western wheatgrass), stipa viridula (green needlegrass), and thinopyrum intermedium (intermediate wheatgrass), commonly identified in range, prairie, verge, and soil reclamation habitats, serve as add ...	2015	26361472
the nitrate-inducible nac transcription factor tanac2-5a controls nitrate response and increases wheat yield.	nitrate is a major nitrogen resource for cereal crops; thus, understanding nitrate signaling in cereal crops is valuable for engineering crops with improved nitrogen use efficiency. although several regulators have been identified in nitrate sensing and signaling in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), the equivalent information in cereals is missing. here, we isolated a nitrate-inducible and cereal-specific nam, ataf, and cuc (nac) transcription factor, tanac2-5a, from wheat (triticum aestivum). ...	2015	26371233
combined small rna and degradome sequencing reveals novel mirnas and their targets in the high-yield mutant wheat strain yunong 3114.	wheat is one of the main food sources worldwide; large amount studies have been conducted to improve wheat production. micrornas (mirnas) with about 20-30 nucleotide are a class of regulatory small rnas (srnas), which could regulate gene expression through sequence-specific base pairing with target mrnas, playing important roles in plant growth. an ideal plant architecture (ipa) is crucial to enhance yield in bread wheat. in this study, the high-yield wheat strain yunong 3114 was ems-mutagenesis ...	2015	26372220
regions of the bread wheat d genome associated with variation in key photosynthesis traits and shoot biomass under both well watered and water deficient conditions.	a quantitative trait locus (qtl) approach was taken to reveal the genetic basis in wheat of traits associated with photosynthesis during a period of exposure to water deficit stress. the performance, with respect to shoot biomass, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf pigment content and the activity of various ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes and catalase, of a set of 80 wheat lines, each containing a single chromosomal segment introgressed from the bread wheat d genome progenitor ...	2016	26374127
staining with 0.05% neutral red reduces nutrient uptake by wheat roots.	a number of studies have used a 0.05% solution of neutral red to stain live roots so that short term root growth could be measured. these studies, which used a 5 or 10 min staining time, report no effects of the stain on plant properties such as growth, respiration, or nitrate uptake. this paper reports on two experiments conducted to determine whether this staining technique, with a 15 min stain time, affected macronutrient uptake of 6- and 7-week-old wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants grown i ...	2015	26379198
morpho-physiolological and qualitative traits of a bread wheat collection spanning a century of breeding in italy.	evaluation and characterization are crucial steps in the exploitation of germplasm collections. the sant'angelo lodigiano unit of the consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (crea) maintains a broad collection of triticum spp, including more than 4000 genotypes of t. aestivum. such collection represents a wide source of genetic variability for many agronomic and qualitative traits, extremely useful in modern breeding programs. the collection size, however, makes ...	2015	26379457
analysis of main effect qtl for thousand grain weight in european winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by genome-wide association mapping.	grain weight, an essential yield component, is under strong genetic control and at the same time markedly influenced by the environment. genetic analysis of the thousand grain weight (tgw) by genome-wide association study (gwas) was performed with a panel of 358 european winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties and 14 spring wheat varieties using phenotypic data of field tests in eight environments. wide phenotypic variations were indicated for the tgw with blues (best linear unbiased estim ...	2015	26388877
systematic analysis of pericarp starch accumulation and degradation during wheat caryopsis development.	although wheat (triticum aestivum l.) pericarp starch granule (psg) has been well-studied, our knowledge of its features and mechanism of accumulation and degradation during pericarp growth is poor. in the present study, developing wheat caryopses were collected and starch granules were extracted from their pericarp to investigate the morphological and structural characteristics of psgs using microscopy, x-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. relative gene expr ...	2015	26394305
metabolic architecture of the cereal grain and its relevance to maximize carbon use efficiency.	here, we have characterized the spatial heterogeneity of the cereal grain's metabolism and demonstrated how, by integrating a distinct set of metabolic strategies, the grain has evolved to become an almost perfect entity for carbon storage. in vivo imaging revealed light-induced cycles in assimilate supply toward the ear/grain of barley (hordeum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum). in silico modeling predicted that, in the two grain storage organs (the endosperm and embryo), the light-induced ...	2015	26395842
changes in the starch-protein interface depending on common wheat grain hardness revealed using atomic force microscopy.	the atomic force microscope tip was used to progressively abrade the surface of non-cut starch granules embedded in the endosperm protein matrix in grain sections from wheat near-isogenic lines differing in the puroindoline b gene and thus, hardness. in the hard near-isogenic wheat lines, starch granules exhibited two distinct profiles corresponding either to abrasion in the surrounding protein layer or the starch granule. an additional profile, only identified in soft lines, revealed a marked s ...	2015	26398785
comparison of genome-wide gene expression patterns in the seedlings of nascent allohexaploid wheats produced by two combinations of hybrids.	allopolyploidization in plants is an important event that enhances heterosis and environmental adaptation. common wheat, triticum aestivum (aabbdd), which is an allohexaploid that evolved from an allopolyploidization event between t. turgidum (aabb) and aegilops tauschii (dd), shows more growth vigor and wider adaptation than tetraploid wheats. to better understand the molecular basis for the heterosis of hexaploid wheat, we systematically analyzed the genome-wide gene expression patterns of two ...	2015	26399767
quantitative trait locus analysis for flowering-related traits using two f2 populations derived from crosses between japanese common wheat cultivars and synthetic hexaploids.	flowering time is an important trait for japanese wheat breeding. aegilops tauschii, the d-genome donor of hexaploid wheat, is a useful resource to enlarge the d-genome diversity of common wheat. previously, we identified flowering-related qtls in f2 populations of synthetic hexaploid wheat lines between the tetraploid wheat cultivar langdon and ae. tauschii accessions. here, to evaluate the usefulness of the early-flowering alleles from ae. tauschii for japanese wheat breeding, qtl analyses wer ...	2015	26399768
implications of an inverted duplication in the wheat kn1-type homeobox gene wknox1 for theorigin of persian wheat.	introgression between related species with different ploidy levels has played important roles in wheat subspecies differentiation. persian wheat, a cultivated tetraploid wheat subspecies (triticum turgidum subsp. carthlicum), is postulated to have evolved through interploidy hybridization between tetraploid and hexaploid wheats. here, we report evidence for the origin of subsp. carthlicum based on the discovery of a new allele for the 5th-to-6th exon region of the wknox1bknotted1-type homeobox g ...	2015	26399771
infrared microspectroscopic imaging of plant tissues: spectral visualization of triticum aestivum kernel and arabidopsis leaf microstructure.	infrared microspectroscopy is a tool with potential for studies of the microstructure, chemical composition and functionality of plants at a subcellular level. here we present the use of high-resolution bench top-based infrared microspectroscopy to investigate the microstructure of triticum aestivum l. (wheat) kernels and arabidopsis leaves. images of isolated wheat kernel tissues and whole wheat kernels following hydrothermal processing and simulated gastric and duodenal digestion were generate ...	2015	26400058
multiple displacement amplification of the dna from single flow-sorted plant chromosome.	a protocol is described for production of micrograms of dna from single copies of flow-sorted plant chromosomes. of 183 single copies of wheat chromosome 3b, 118 (64%) were successfully amplified. sequencing dna amplification products using an illumina hiseq 2000 system to 10× coverage and merging sequences from three separate amplifications resulted in 60% coverage of the chromosome 3b reference, entirely covering 30% of its genes. the merged sequences permitted de novo assembly of 19% of chrom ...	2015	26400218
identification and evaluation of endogenous control genes for use in quantitative rt-pcr during wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain filling.	the use of appropriate reference genes is essential for the generation of accurate and biologically meaningful results from quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) analysis. however, studies have found that the expression of most commonly used reference genes is not always independent of the tissues, treatments, or developmental stages studied. genormplus, normfinder, and bestkeeper, were applied and the expression stability of nine candidate genes was evaluated in different data sets during wheat ...	2015	26400285
exogenous nitric oxide (no) interferes with lead (pb)-induced toxicity by detoxifying reactive oxygen species in hydroponically grown wheat (triticum aestivum) roots.	nitric oxide (no) is a bioactive signaling molecule that mediates a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. the present study investigated the role of no (as snp [sodium nitroprusside]) in ameliorating lead (pb)-toxicity in triticum aestivum (wheat) roots. pb (50 and 250 μm) alone and in combination with snp (100 μm) was given to hydroponically grown wheat roots for a period of 0-8 h. no supplementation reduced the accumulation of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, hyd ...	2015	26402793
additive-dominance genetic model analyses for late-maturity alpha-amylase activity in a bread wheat factorial crossing population.	elevated level of late maturity α-amylase activity (lmaa) can result in low falling number scores, reduced grain quality, and downgrade of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) class. a mating population was developed by crossing parents with different levels of lmaa. the f2 and f3 hybrids and their parents were evaluated for lmaa, and data were analyzed using the r software package 'qgtools' integrated with an additive-dominance genetic model and a mixed linear model approach. simulated results showed h ...	2015	26403988
the distribution of cotransformed transgenes in particle bombardment-mediated transformed wheat.	although particle bombardment is the predominant method of foreign dna direct transfer, whether transgene is integrated randomly into the genome has not been determined. in this study, we identified the distribution of transgene loci in 45 transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) lines containing co-transformed high molecular weight glutenin subunit genes and the selectable marker bar using fluorescence in situ hybridization. transgene loci were shown to distribute unevenly throughout the genome ...	2015	26405007
harnessing next generation sequencing in climate change: rna-seq analysis of heat stress-responsive genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	wheat is a staple food worldwide and provides 40% of the calories in the diet. climate change and global warming pose a threat to wheat production, however, and demand a deeper understanding of how heat stress might impact wheat production and wheat biology. however, it is difficult to identify novel heat stress associated genes when the genomic information is not available. wheat has a very large and complex genome that is about 37 times the size of the rice genome. the present study sequenced ...	2015	26406536
identification of low molecular weight glutenin alleles by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms) in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	low molecular weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) play an important role in determining dough properties and breadmaking quality. however, resolution of the currently used methodologies for analyzing lmw-gs is rather low which prevents an efficient use of genetic variations associated with these alleles in wheat breeding. the aim of the current study is to evaluate and develop a rapid, simple, and accurate method to differentiate lmw-gs alleles using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tim ...	2015	26407296
genetic analysis of chromosomal loci affecting the content of insoluble glutenin in common wheat.	in common wheat, insoluble glutenin (ig) is an important fraction of flour glutenin macropolymers, and insoluble glutenin content (igc) is positively associated with key end-use quality parameters. here, we present a genetic analysis of the chromosomal loci affecting igc with the data collected from 90 common wheat varieties cultivated in four environments. statistical analysis showed that igc was controlled mainly genetically and influenced by the environment. among the major genetic components ...	2015	26408094
exploring the tertiary gene pool of bread wheat: sequence assembly and analysis of chromosome 5m(g) of aegilops geniculata.	next-generation sequencing (ngs) provides a powerful tool for the discovery of important genes and alleles in crop plants and their wild relatives. despite great advances in ngs technologies, whole-genome shotgun sequencing is cost-prohibitive for species with complex genomes. an attractive option is to reduce genome complexity to a single chromosome prior to sequencing. this work describes a strategy for studying the genomes of distant wild relatives of wheat by isolating single chromosomes fro ...	2015	26408103
mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in triticum aestivum roots in response to rotenone and antimycin a.	mitochondria are dynamic organelles, capable of fusion and fission as a part of cellular responses to various signals, such as the shifts in the redox status of a cell. the mitochondrial electron transport chain (etc.) is involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros), with complexes i and iii contributing the most to this process. disruptions of etc. can lead to increased ros generation. here, we demonstrate the appearance of giant mitochondria in wheat roots in response to simulta ...	2016	26411562
genotypic variation in the uptake, partitioning and remobilisation of nitrogen during grain-filling in wheat.	twenty elite varieties of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), primarily winter wheat, were grown with low and high supplies of nitrogen (n) in a field experiment at rothamsted, southern england, in the season 2004-05. the aim was to quantify genetic variation in the uptake, partitioning and remobilisation of n in individual plant organs at extreme rates of n supply. the biggest contibutor to variation in plant and crop performance was 'n-rate' followed by 'growth stage' and then 'genotype'. at both n- ...	2014	26412936
fine-mapping the wheat snn1 locus conferring sensitivity to the parastagonospora nodorum necrotrophic effector sntox1 using an eight founder multiparent advanced generation inter-cross population.	the necrotrophic fungus parastagonospora nodorum is an important pathogen of one of the world's most economically important cereal crops, wheat (triticum aestivum l.). p. nodorum produces necrotrophic protein effectors that mediate host cell death, providing nutrients for continuation of the infection process. the recent discovery of pathogen effectors has revolutionized disease resistance breeding for necrotrophic diseases in crop species, allowing often complex genetic resistance mechanisms to ...	2015	26416667
optimizing tiller production and survival for grain yield improvement in a bread wheat × spelt mapping population.	tiller production and survival determine final spike number, and play key roles in grain yield formation in wheat (triticum aestivum). this study aimed to understand the genetic and physiological basis of the tillering process, and its trade-offs with other yield components, by introducing genetic variation in tillering patterns via a mapping population of wheat × spelt (triticum spelta).	2016	26424785
supplemental exogenous npk application alters biochemical processes to improve yield and drought tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the recent food security issues, combined with the threats from climate change, demand future farming systems to be more precise and accurate to fulfill the ever increasing global food requirements. the role of nutrients such as nitrogen (n), phosphorous (p), and potassium (k) in stimulating plant growth and development is well established; however, little is known about their function, if applied in combination, in improving crop yields under environmental stresses like drought. the aim of this ...	2016	26432272
genome-wide comparative analysis of flowering-related genes in arabidopsis, wheat, and barley.	early flowering is an important trait influencing grain yield and quality in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) in short-season cropping regions. however, due to large and complex genomes of these species, direct identification of flowering genes and their molecular characterization remain challenging. here, we used a bioinformatic approach to predict flowering-related genes in wheat and barley from 190 known arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh.) flowering gene ...	2015	26435710
wheat leaf lipids during heat stress: ii. lipids experiencing coordinated metabolism are detected by analysis of lipid co-occurrence.	identifying lipids that experience coordinated metabolism during heat stress would provide information regarding lipid dynamics under stress conditions and assist in developing heat-tolerant wheat varieties. we hypothesized that co-occurring lipids, which are up-regulated or down-regulated together through time during heat stress, represent groups that can be explained by coordinated metabolism. wheat plants (triticum aestivum l.) were subjected to 12 days of high day and/or night temperature st ...	2016	26436445
wheat leaf lipids during heat stress: i. high day and night temperatures result in major lipid alterations.	understanding how wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants under high temperature (ht) regulate lipid composition is critical to developing climate-resilient varieties. we measured 165 glycerolipids and sterol derivatives under optimum and high day and night temperatures in wheat leaves using electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. levels of polar lipid fatty acyl chain unsaturation were lower in both heat-tolerant genotype ventnor and susceptible genotype karl 92 under ht, compared with op ...	2016	26436679
joint transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal changes in the primary metabolism and imbalances in the subgenome orchestration in the bread wheat molecular response to fusarium graminearum.	fusarium head blight is a prevalent disease of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), which leads to considerable losses in yield and quality. quantitative resistance to the causative fungus fusarium graminearum is poorly understood. we integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics data to dissect the molecular response to the fungus and its main virulence factor, the toxin deoxynivalenol in near-isogenic lines segregating for two resistance quantitative trait loci, fhb1 and qfhs.ifa-5a. the data set ...	2015	26438291
molecular survey of tamyb10-1 genes and their association with grain colour and germinability in chinese wheat and aegilops tauschii.	to investigate allelic variation of myb10-1 genes in chinese wheat and to examine its association with germination level in wheat, a total of 582 chinese bread wheat cultivars and 110 aegilops tauschii accessions were used to identify allelic variations of three myb10-1 genes. identification results indicated that there is a novel tamyb10-b1 allele, designated tamyb10-b1c, in the five chinese landraces. the tamyb10-b1c possibly has a large deletion including tamyb10-b1 gene. there are three nove ...	2015	26440084
characterization of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes of aegilops section sitopsis and comparative analysis with those of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and some aegilops species.		2015	26440091
proteomic analysis of middle and late stages of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain development.	proteomic approaches were applied in four grain developmental stages of the chinese bread wheat yunong 201 and its ethyl methanesulfonate (ems) mutant line yunong 3114. 2-de and tandem maldi-tof/tof-ms analyzed proteome characteristics during middle and late grain development of the chinese bread wheat yunong 201 and its ems mutant line yunong 3114 with larger grain sizes. we identified 130 differentially accumulated protein spots representing 88 unique proteins, and four main expression pattern ...	2015	26442048
genome-wide association for grain yield under rainfed conditions in historical wheat cultivars from pakistan.	genome-wide association studies (gwas) were undertaken to identify snp markers associated with yield and yield-related traits in 123 pakistani historical wheat cultivars evaluated during 2011-2014 seasons under rainfed field conditions. the population was genotyped by using high-density illumina iselect 90k single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) assay, and finally 14,960 high quality snps were used in gwas. population structure examined using 1000 unlinked markers identified seven subpopulations ( ...	2015	26442056
influence of stripe rust infection on the photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant system of susceptible and resistant wheat cultivars at the adult plant stage.	wheat stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, pst), is one of the most serious diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. to gain a better understanding of the protective mechanism against stripe rust at the adult plant stage, the differences in photosystem ii and antioxidant enzymatic systems between susceptible and resistant wheat in response to stripe rust disease (p. striiformis) were investigated. we found that chlorophyll fluorescence and the activities of the antioxidan ...	2015	26442087
genome distribution of differential homoeologue contributions to leaf gene expression in bread wheat.	using a combination of de novo transcriptome assembly, a newly developed 9495-marker transcriptome snp genetic linkage map and comparative genomics approaches, we developed an ordered set of nonredundant transcripts for each of the subgenomes of hexaploid wheat: a (47 160 unigenes), b (59 663 unigenes) and d (40 588 unigenes). we used these as reference sequences against which to map illumina mrna-seq reads derived from young leaf tissue. transcript abundance was quantified for each unigene. usi ...	2016	26442792
wheat wcbp1 encodes a putative copper-binding protein involved in stripe rust resistance and inhibition of leaf senescence.	stripe rust, a highly destructive foliar disease of wheat (triticum aestivum), causes severe losses, which may be accompanied by reduced photosynthetic activity and accelerated leaf senescence.	2015	26444258
assessment of the allergenic potential of transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum) with reduced levels of ω5-gliadins, the major sensitizing allergen in wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis.	the ω5-gliadins are the major sensitizing allergens in wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (wdeia). in this study, two-dimensional immunoblot analysis was used to assess the allergenic potential of two transgenic wheat lines in which ω5-gliadin genes were silenced by rna interference. sera from 7 of 11 wdeia patients showed greatly reduced levels of immunoglobulin e (ige) reactivity to ω5-gliadins in both transgenic lines. however, these sera also showed low levels of reactivity to othe ...	2015	26447559
multiple avirulence loci and allele-specific effector recognition control the pm3 race-specific resistance of wheat to powdery mildew.	in cereals, several mildew resistance genes occur as large allelic series; for example, in wheat (triticum aestivum and triticum turgidum), 17 functional pm3 alleles confer agronomically important race-specific resistance to powdery mildew (blumeria graminis). the molecular basis of race specificity has been characterized in wheat, but little is known about the corresponding avirulence genes in powdery mildew. here, we dissected the genetics of avirulence for six pm3 alleles and found that three ...	2015	26452600
impact of solid and hollow varieties of winter and spring wheat on severity of wheat stem sawfly (hymenoptera: cephidae) infestations and yield and quality of grain.	wheat stem sawfly (wss), cephus cinctus norton (hymenoptera: cephidae), has recently emerged as a key pest of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in the great plains and canadian provinces. the expanding impact of wss has caused considerable economic losses to wheat production. solid-stem varieties of wheat remain the only effective measure of suppression of wss, and the goal of this research was to test whether five solid- and hollow-stem varieties of winter and spring wheat reduce survival of wss in ...	2015	26453720
identification of a new oat β-amylase by functional proteomics.	oat (avena sativa l.) seed extracts exhibited a high degree of catalytic activity including amylase activities. proteins in the oat seed extracts were optimized for their amylolytic activities. oat extract with amylolytic activity was separated by sds-page and a major protein band with an apparent molecular mass of 53 kda was subjected to tryptic digestion. the generated amino acid sequences were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (lc/esi/ms/ms) and database searches. the ...	2016	26455400
diversifying crops for food and nutrition security - a case of teff.	there are more than 50000 known edible plants in the world, yet two-thirds of global plant-derived food is provided by only three major cereals - maize (zea mays), wheat (triticum aestivum) and rice (oryza sativa). the dominance of this triad, now considered truly global food commodities, has led to a decline in the number of crop species contributing to global food supplies. our dependence on only a few crop species limits our capability to deal with challenges posed by the adverse effects of c ...	0	26456883
two homolog wheat glycogen synthase kinase 3/shaggy--like kinases are involved in brassinosteroid signaling.	glycogen synthase kinase 3/shaggy-like kinases (gsks) are multifunctional non-receptor ser/thr kinases. plant gsks are involved in hormonal signaling networks and are required for growth, development, light as well as stress responses. so far, most studies have been carried out on arabidopsis or on other eudicotyledon gsks. here, we evaluated the role of task1 and task2, two homolog wheat (triticum aestivum) gsks, in brassinosteroid signaling. we explored in addition the physiological effects of ...	2015	26458871
anatomy and cytogenetic identification of a wheat-psathyrostachys huashanica keng line with early maturation.	in previous studies, our research team successfully transferred the ns genome from psathyrostachys huashanica keng into triticum aestivum (common wheat cv. 7182) using embryo culture. in the present study, one of these lines, i.e., hybrid progeny 25-10-3, which matured about 10-14 days earlier than its wheat parent, was assessed using sequenced characterized amplified region (scar) analysis, est-ssr and est-sts molecular markers, and genomic in situ hybridization (gish). we found that this was a ...	2015	26461884
development and molecular cytogenetic identification of a novel wheat-leymus mollis lm#7ns (7d) disomic substitution line with stripe rust resistance.	leymus mollis (2n = 4x = 28, nsnsxmxm) possesses novel and important genes for resistance against multi-fungal diseases. the development of new wheat-l. mollis introgression lines is of great significance for wheat disease resistance breeding. m11003-3-1-15-8, a novel disomic substitution line of common wheat cv. 7182 -l. mollis, developed and selected from the bc1f5 progeny between wheat cv. 7182 and octoploid tritileymus m47 (2n = 8x = 56, aabbddnsns), was characterized by morphological and cy ...	2015	26465140
effectiveness of genes for hessian fly (diptera: cecidomyiidae) resistance in the southeastern united states.	the hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say) (diptera: cecidomyiidae), is the most important insect pest of wheat (triticum aestivum l. subsp. aestivum) in the southeastern united states, and the deployment of genetically resistant wheat is the most effective control. however, the use of resistant wheat results in the selection of pest genotypes that can overcome formerly resistant wheat. we have evaluated the effectiveness of 16 resistance genes for protection of wheat from hessian fly infestati ...	2016	26468515
w3 is a new wax locus that is essential for biosynthesis of β-diketone, development of glaucousness, and reduction of cuticle permeability in common wheat.	w3 is essential for β-diketone biosynthesis but suppresses its hydroxylation. loss-of-function mutation w3 significantly increased cuticle permeability in terms of water loss and chlorophyll efflux.	2015	26468648
overexpression of a triticum aestivum calreticulin gene (tacrt1) improves salinity tolerance in tobacco.	calreticulin (crt) is a highly conserved and abundant multifunctional protein that is encoded by a small gene family and is often associated with abiotic/biotic stress responses in plants. however, the roles played by this protein in salt stress responses in wheat (triticum aestivum) remain obscure. in this study, three tacrt genes were identified in wheat and named tacrt1, tacrt2 and tacrt3-1 based on their sequence characteristics and their high homology to other known crt genes. quantitative ...	2015	26469859
effect of european chafer larvae (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) on winter wheat and role of neonicotinoid seed treatments in their management.	a critical density of four third-instar larvae per 900 cm2 for european chafer, rhizotrogus (amphimallon) majalis (razoumowsky), in winter wheat, triticum aestivum l., was derived from small-plot greenhouse and field experiments conducted under favorable crop growing conditions at several ontario and michigan locations from 2001-2003. on average, plant weight was decreased by 14% and plant stand by 11% between zero and four larvae per 900 cm2. in a commercial field under moisture stress, a yield ...	2015	26470167
wolbachia occurrence in planthopper (hemiptera: delphacidae) vectors of cereal viruses in argentina.	maize (zea mays l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) are the most important cereal crops for the argentinean economy and are affected by several diseases. different planthopper species transmit causal agents of some of those diseases, including mal de río cuarto virus, barley yellow striate mosaic virus, and the recently proposed maize yellow striate virus. many planthopper species are sap feeders and therefore are expected to host bacteria providing essential nutrients lacking in the diet. prev ...	2015	26470291
exceptionally high levels of genetic diversity in wheat curl mite (acari: eriophyidae) populations from turkey.	recent research on the wheat curl mite species complex has revealed extensive genetic diversity that has distinguished several genetic lineages infesting bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and other cereals worldwide. turkey is the historical region of wheat and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) domestication and diversification. the close relationship between these grasses and the wheat curl mite provoked the question of the genetic diversity of the wheat curl mite in this region. the scope of the st ...	2015	26470350
radiation hybrid maps of the d-genome of aegilops tauschii and their application in sequence assembly of large and complex plant genomes.	the large and complex genome of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l., ~17 gb) requires high resolution genome maps with saturated marker scaffolds to anchor and orient bac contigs/ sequence scaffolds for whole genome assembly. radiation hybrid (rh) mapping has proven to be an excellent tool for the development of such maps for it offers much higher and more uniform marker resolution across the length of the chromosome compared to genetic mapping and does not require marker polymorphism per se, as i ...	2015	26475137
transcriptional coordination and abscisic acid mediated regulation of sucrose transport and sucrose-to-starch metabolism related genes during grain filling in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	combining physiological, molecular and biochemical approaches, this study investigated the transcriptional coordination and abscisic acid (aba) mediated regulation of genes involved in sucrose import and its conversion to starch during grain filling in wheat. sucrose import appears to be mediated by seed localized tasut1, mainly tasut1d, while sucrose cleavage by tasusy2. temporal overlapping of the transcriptional activation of agpl1 and agps1a that encode agpase with that of the above genes su ...	2015	26475195
diurnal variation of apoplastic ascorbate in winter wheat leaves in relation to ozone detoxification.	besides stomatal closure, biological detoxification is an important protection mechanism for plants against ozone (o3). this study investigated the diurnal changes of ascorbate (a major detoxification agent) in the apoplast and leaf tissues of winter wheat grown under ambient air field conditions. results showed the reduced ascorbate in the apoplast (ascapo) exhibited a peak in late morning or midday, mismatching with either the maximum external o3 concentrations in mid-afternoon or the maximum ...	2015	26476412
asymmetric somatic hybridization induces point mutations and indels in wheat.	allopolyploid genome needs wide structural variation to deal with genomic shock. the introgression line, generated via asymmetric somatic hybridization, is introgressed with a minimum of exogenous chromatin, which also leads to genomic shock to induce genetic variation. however, the extent of its genomic variation and its difference from allopolyploidies remains unknown.	2015	26476565
delimitation of the earliness per se d1 (eps-d1) flowering gene to a subtelomeric chromosomal deletion in bread wheat (triticum aestivum).	earliness per se (eps) genes account for the variation in flowering time when vernalization and photoperiod requirements are satisfied. genomics and bioinformatics approaches were used to describe allelic variation for 40 triticum aestivum genes predicted, by synteny with brachypodium distachyon, to be in the 1dl eps region. re-sequencing 1dl genes revealed that varieties carrying early heading alleles at this locus, spark and cadenza, carry a subtelomeric deletion including several genes. the e ...	2016	26476691
wheat tasp gene improves salt tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis thaliana.	a novel salt-induced gene with unknown functions was cloned through analysis of gene expression profile of a salt-tolerant wheat mutant rh8706-49 under salt stress. the gene was named triticum aestivum salt-related protein (tasp) and deposited in genbank (accession no. kf307326). quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) results showed that tasp expression was induced under salt, abscisic acid (aba), and polyethylene glycol (peg) stresses. subcellular localization revealed that tasp was main ...	2015	26476792
a genome-wide analysis of the auxin/indole-3-acetic acid gene family in hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (aux/iaa) gene family plays key roles in the primary auxin-response process and controls a number of important traits in plants. however, the characteristics of the aux/iaa gene family in hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) have long been unknown. in this study, a comprehensive identification of the aux/iaa gene family was performed using the latest draft genome sequence of the bread wheat "chinese spring." thirty-four aux/iaa genes were identified, 30 of ...	2015	26483801
genome-wide transcriptional profiling of wheat infected with fusarium graminearum.	fusarium head blight (fhb) is a destructive disease in wheat caused by fusarium graminearum (f. g). it infects during the flowering stage favored by warm and highly humid climates. in order to understand possible wheat defense mechanism, gene expression analysis in response to f. g was undertaken in three genotypes of wheat, japanese landrace cultivar nobeokabouzu (highly resistant), chinese cv. sumai 3 (resistant) and australian cv. gamenya (susceptible). for microarray analysis, 3 and 7 days a ...	2015	26484265
computational analysis of mirna-target community network reveals cross talk among different metabolisms.	to date, only a few conserved mirnas have been predicted in hexaploid (aabbdd) bread wheat and till now community behavior among mirna is still in dark. analysis of publically available 1287279 ests from ncbi resulted 262 putative pre-mirnas and 39 novel mature mirnas. a total 22,468 targets were identified on 21 chromosomes. mirna target community was identified for genomes with different levels of cross talks. gene ontology of these community targets suggests their differential involvement in ...	2015	26484271
molecular and phylogenetic characterization of the homoeologous epsp synthase genes of allohexaploid wheat, triticum aestivum (l.).	5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (epsps) is the sixth and penultimate enzyme in the shikimate biosynthesis pathway, and is the target of the herbicide glyphosate. the epsps genes of allohexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum, aabbdd) have not been well characterized. herein, the three homoeologous copies of the allohexaploid wheat epsps gene were cloned and characterized.	2015	26492960
effects of salt and waterlogging stresses and their combination on leaf photosynthesis, chloroplast atp synthesis, and antioxidant capacity in wheat.	the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salt (st) and waterlogging (wl) stresses and their combination (sw) on leaf photosynthesis, chloroplast atp synthesis, and antioxidant capacity in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). two winter wheat cultivars, huaimai 17 and yangmai 12, differing in their tolerance to st and wl stresses were used. the plants were grown in pots and were subjected to st, wl, and sw from 7 days after anthesis (daa). the wl and sw treatments lasted for 5 days, ...	2009	26493148
genome-wide association study of 29 morphological traits in aegilops tauschii.	aegilops tauschii is the d-genome progenitor of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum). it is considered to be an important source of genetic variation for wheat breeding, and its genome is an invaluable reference for wheat genomics. we conducted a genome-wide association study using 7,185 single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers across 322 diverse accessions of ae. tauschii that were systematically phenotyped for 29 morphological traits in order to identify marker-trait associations and candid ...	2015	26503608
molecular cloning and characterization of a proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene by chemically induced male sterility in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	although a number of studies have shown that chemical hybridizing agents (chas) affect anther growth and regulate cell-cycle progression, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved. proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) is an essential factor in dna replication, and in many other processes in eukaryotic cells. in this study, the open reading frame of tapcna, the pcna in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), was cloned by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-p ...	2015	26505350
molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of wag-1 in the pistillody line of common wheat.	wheat wag-1 is a c-class mads-box gene, which is orthologous to agamous in arabidopsis. in this study, we report the cloning, characterization, and expression patterns of wag-1 in the pistillody mutant hts-1 and its sib-line cstp. the cdna of wag-1 was found to be 765 bp in length, which was equal to the length of its open reading frame, encoding 254 amino acids. the location of wag-1 revealed that it has three homologous genes from the short arm of chromosome 1a, 1b, and 1d. their genomic seque ...	2015	26505395
developmental changes in composition and morphology of cuticular waxes on leaves and spikes of glossy and glaucous wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the glossy varieties (a14 and jing 2001) and glaucous varieties (fanmai 5 and shanken 99) of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were selected for evaluation of developmental changes in the composition and morphology of cuticular waxes on leaves and spikes. the results provide us with two different wax development patterns between leaf and spike. the general accumulation trend of the total wax load on leaf and spike surfaces is first to increase and then decrease during the development growth period, b ...	2015	26506246
tafrog encodes a pooideae orphan protein that interacts with snrk1 and enhances resistance to the mycotoxigenic fungus fusarium graminearum.	all genomes encode taxonomically restricted orphan genes, and the vast majority are of unknown function. there is growing evidence that such genes play an important role in the environmental adaptation of taxa. we report the functional characterization of an orphan gene (triticum aestivum fusarium resistance orphan gene [tafrog]) as a component of resistance to the globally important wheat (t. aestivum) disease, fusarium head blight. tafrog is taxonomically restricted to the grass subfamily pooi ...	2015	26508775
identification and characterization of a high kernel weight mutant induced by gamma radiation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	inducing mutations are considered to be an effective way to create novel genetic variations and hence novel agronomical traits in wheat. this study was conducted to assess the genetic differences between shi4185 and its mutant line fu4185, produced by gamma radiation with larger grain, and to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) for thousand kernel weight (tkw).	2015	26511975
molecular characterization and evolutionary origins of farinin genes in brachypodium distachyon l.	farinins are one of the oldest members of the gluten family in wheat and aegilops species, and they influence dough properties. here, we performed the first detailed molecular genetic study on farinin genes in brachypodium distachyon l., the model species for triticum aestivum. a total of 51 b-type farinin genes were cloned and characterized, including 27 functional and 24 non-functional pseudogenes from 14 different b. distachyon accessions. all genes were highly similar to those previously rep ...	2016	26519166
wheatgenome.info: a resource for wheat genomics resource.	an integrated database with a variety of web-based systems named wheatgenome.info hosting wheat genome and genomic data has been developed to support wheat research and crop improvement. the resource includes multiple web-based applications, which are implemented as a variety of web-based systems. these include a gbrowse2-based wheat genome viewer with blast search portal, tagdb for searching wheat second generation genome sequence data, wheat autosnpdb, links to wheat genetic maps using cmap an ...	2016	26519407
diallel cross analysis of plesiomorphic traits in triticum aestivum l. genotypes.	we conducted a 5 x 5 complete diallel cross experiment in bread wheat (triticum aestivum) with the genotypes 6309, chkwal-50, dhrabi, bhkhar-02, and fs-08. our objective was to evaluate the type of gene action and the general and specific combining abilities required for various morphological traits in wheat. the results of analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among genotypes for all the investigated traits. the results of joint regression analysis showed that the data fo ...	2015	26535662
genome-wide analysis of microsatellite markers based on sequenced database in chinese spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (ssrs) are distributed across both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes and have been widely used for genetic studies and molecular marker-assisted breeding in crops. though an ordered draft sequence of hexaploid bread wheat have been announced, the researches about systemic analysis of ssrs for wheat still have not been reported so far. in the present study, we identified 364,347 ssrs from among 10,603,760 sequences of the chinese spring wheat (csw) geno ...	2015	26536014
studies on long-term impact of stcr based integrated fertilizer use on pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum)-wheat (triticum aestivum) cropping system in semi arid condition of india.	a long-term field experiment on pearl millet - wheat cropping system with soil test crop response correlation (stcr) based fertilizer application was initiated during kharif- 2003 on a sandy loam soil (typic halustept) at a research farm of indian agricultural research institute, new delhi. the aim of the experiment was to study the impact of stcr based integrated fertilizer application for targeted yield of pearl millet - wheat cropping sequence yield and changes in soil health. the result show ...	2015	26536799
tanac29, a nac transcription factor from wheat, enhances salt and drought tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis.	nac (nam, ataf, and cuc) transcription factors play important roles in plant biological processes, including phytohormone homeostasis, plant development, and in responses to various environmental stresses.	2015	26536863
identification and comprehensive analyses of the cbl and cipk gene families in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	calcineurin b-like (cbl) proteins belong to a unique group of calcium sensors in plant that decode the ca(2+) signature by interacting with cbl-interacting protein kinases (cipks). although cbl-cipk complexes have been shown to play important roles in the responses to various stresses in plants, little is known about their functions in wheat.	2015	26537110
transcriptome analysis of wheat inoculated with fusarium graminearum.	plants are frequently exposed to microorganisms like fungi, bacteria, and viruses that cause biotic stresses. fusarium head blight (fhb) is an economically risky wheat disease, which occurs upon fusarium graminearum (fg) infection. moderately susceptible (cv. "mizrak 98") and susceptible (cv. "gun 91") winter type bread wheat cultivars were subjected to transcriptional profiling after exposure to fg infection. to examine the early response to the pathogen in wheat, we measured gene expression al ...	2015	26539199
rational phosphorus application facilitates the sustainability of the wheat/maize/soybean relay strip intercropping system.	wheat (triticum aestivum l.)/maize (zea mays l.)/soybean (glycine max l.) relay strip intercropping (w/m/s) system is commonly used by the smallholders in the southwest of china. however, little known is how to manage phosphorus (p) to enhance p use efficiency of the w/m/s system and to mitigate p leaching that is a major source of pollution. field experiments were carried out in 2011, 2012, and 2013 to test the impact of five p application rates on yield and p use efficiency of the w/m/s system ...	2015	26540207
two novel y-type high molecular weight glutenin genes in chinese wheat landraces of the yangtze-river region.	high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gss) are key determinants for the end-use quality of wheat. chinese wheat landraces are an important resource for exploring novel hmw-gs genes to improve the wheat baking quality. two novel glu-1dy hmw-gss (designated as 1dy12.6 and 1dy12.7) were identified and cloned from two chinese wheat landraces huazhong830 and luosimai. the 1dy12.6 and 1dy12.7 subunits were deposited as the ncbinr acc. no kr262518, and kr262519, respectively. the full open readi ...	2015	26540300
interaction of mg with heavy metals (cu, cd) in t. aestivum with special reference to oxidative and proline metabolism.	little effort has been made to understand the influence of mg on cellular processes of plant cell during cu and cd toxicities. the present work demonstrates the influence of magnesium (mg) on copper (cu) and cadmium (cd) toxicity on triticum aestivum (wheat). we measured a range of parameters related to oxidative stress in wheat exposed to cu or cd toxicity in media with different concentrations of mg. decreasing mg concentration significantly exacerbated cu and cd toxicity and optimum supply of ...	2016	26547559
a recently evolved hexose transporter variant confers resistance to multiple pathogens in wheat.	as there are numerous pathogen species that cause disease and limit yields of crops, such as wheat (triticum aestivum), single genes that provide resistance to multiple pathogens are valuable in crop improvement. the mechanistic basis of multi-pathogen resistance is largely unknown. here we use comparative genomics, mutagenesis and transformation to isolate the wheat lr67 gene, which confers partial resistance to all three wheat rust pathogen species and powdery mildew. the lr67 resistance gene ...	2015	26551671
rmg8, a new gene for resistance to triticum isolates of pyricularia oryzae in hexaploid wheat.	blast, caused by pyricularia oryzae, is one of the major diseases of wheat in south america. we identified a new gene for resistance to triticum isolates of p. oryzae in common wheat 's-615', and designated it "resistance to magnaporthe grisea 8" (rmg8). rmg8 was assigned to chromosome 2b through molecular mapping with simple-sequence repeat markers. to identify an avirulence gene corresponding to rmg8, triticum isolate br48 (avirulent on s-615) was crossed with 200r29 (virulent on s-615), an f1 ...	2015	26555672
exclusion of solar uv radiation improves photosynthetic performance and yield of wheat varieties.	field studies were conducted to determine the potential for alterations in photosynthetic performance and grain yield of four wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties of india- vidisha, purna, swarna and naveen chandausi by ambient ultraviolet radiation (uv). the plants were grown in specially designed uv exclusion chambers, wrapped with filters that excluded uv-b (<315 nm), uv-a/b (<400 nm) or transmitted ambient uv or lacked filters. the results indicated that solar uv exclusion increased the leaf ...	2015	26555898
finding the subcellular location of barley, wheat, rice and maize proteins: the compendium of crop proteins with annotated locations (croppal).	barley, wheat, rice and maize provide the bulk of human nutrition and have extensive industrial use as agricultural products. the genomes of these crops each contains >40,000 genes encoding proteins; however, the major genome databases for these species lack annotation information of protein subcellular location for >80% of these gene products. we address this gap, by constructing the compendium of crop protein subcellular locations called crop proteins with annotated locations (croppal). subcel ...	2016	26556651
drought tolerance and proteomics studies of transgenic wheat containing the maize c4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) gene.	enhancing drought tolerance of crops has been a great challenge in crop improvement. here, we report the maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) gene was able to confer drought tolerance and increase grain yield in transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants. the improved of drought tolerance was associated with higher levels of proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and higher water use efficiency. the transgenic wheat plants had also a more extensive root system as well as increased ...	2016	26560113
a strong root-specific expression system for stable transgene expression in bread wheat.	a strong, stable and root-specific expression system was developed from a rice root-specific glycine - rich protein 7 promoter for use as an enabling technology for genetic manipulation of wheat root traits. root systems play an important role in wheat productivity. genetic manipulation of wheat root traits often requires a root-specific or root-predominant expression system as an essential enabling technology. in this study, we investigated promoters from rice root-specific or root-predominant ...	2016	26563345
an efficient approach for the development of locus specific primers in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and its application to re-sequencing of genes involved in frost tolerance.	recent declines in costs accelerated sequencing of many species with large genomes, including hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). although the draft sequence of bread wheat is known, it is still one of the major challenges to developlocus specific primers suitable to be used in marker assisted selection procedures, due to the high homology of the three genomes. in this study we describe an efficient approach for the development of locus specific primers comprising four steps, i.e. (i) identi ...	2015	26565976
mechanisms of waterlogging tolerance in wheat--a review of root and shoot physiology.	we review the detrimental effects of waterlogging on physiology, growth and yield of wheat. we highlight traits contributing to waterlogging tolerance and genetic diversity in wheat. death of seminal roots and restriction of adventitious root length due to o2 deficiency result in low root:shoot ratio. genotypes differ in seminal root anoxia tolerance, but mechanisms remain to be established; ethanol production rates do not explain anoxia tolerance. root tip survival is short-term, and thereafter ...	2016	26565998