Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| identification of distinct bacillus thuringiensis 4a4 nematicidal factors using the model nematodes pristionchus pacificus and caenorhabditis elegans. | bacillus thuringiensis has been extensively used for the biological control of insect pests. nematicidal b. thuringiensis strains have also been identified; however, virulence factors of such strains are poorly investigated. here, we describe virulence factors of the nematicidal b. thuringiensis 4a4 strain, using the model nematodes pristionchus pacificus and caenorhabditis elegans. we show that b. thuringiensis 4a4 kills both nematodes via intestinal damage. whole genome sequencing of b. thurin ... | 2014 | 25025708 |
| effects of bt cotton on thrips tabaci (thysanoptera: thripidae) and its predator, orius insidiosus (hemiptera: anthocoridae). | laboratory studies were conducted to investigate tritrophic transfer of insecticidal cry proteins from transgenic cotton to an herbivore and its predator, and to examine effects of these proteins on the predator's development, survival, and reproduction. cry1ac and cry2ab proteins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) produced in bollgard-ii (bg-ii, event 15985) cotton plants were acquired by thrips tabaci lindeman (thysanoptera: thripidae), an important sucking pest of cotton, and its ... | 2014 | 25026649 |
| impact of corn earworm injury on yield of transgenic corn producing bt toxins in the carolinas. | transgenic corn, zea mays l., hybrids expressing insecticidal cry proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and insecticide applications to suppress injury from helicoverpa zea (boddie) were evaluated in florence, sc, and in plymouth, nc, in 2012 and 2013. based on kernel area injured, insecticide applications (chlorantraniliprole) every 3-4 d from r1 until h. zea had cycled out of corn reduced injury by 80-93% in florence and 94-95% in plymouth. despite intensive applications of insecticide (13 ... | 2014 | 25026670 |
| toxicity of parasporin-4 and health effects of pro-parasporin-4 diet in mice. | parasporin-4 (ps4) is an aerolysin-type β-pore-forming toxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis strain a1470. it exhibits specific cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines; therefore, it is expected to be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of particular types of cancer cells. we examined the acute toxicity of ps4 on icr mice. the ld50 value was 160 μg/kg by a subcutaneous route. potassium, ammonium, magnesium ion, creatinine, and urea nitrogen decreased in urine by the injection of ps4. ... | 2014 | 25033273 |
| [complexes of cobalt (ii, iii) with derivatives of dithiocarbamic acid--effectors of peptidases of bacillus thuringiensis and alpha-l-rhamnozidase of eupenicillium erubescens and cryptococcus albidus]. | the influence of cobalt (ii, iii) coordinative compounds with derivatives of dithiocarbamic acid on bacillus thuringiensis imv b-7324 peptidases with elastase and fibrinolytic activity and eupenicillium erubescens and cryptococcus albidus alpha-l-rhamnosidases have been studied. tested coordinative compounds of cobalt (ii, iii) on the basis of their composition and structure are presented by 6 groups: 1) tetrachlorocobaltates (ii) of 3,6-di(r,r')-iminio-1,2,4,5-tetratiane--(rr')2ditt[cocl4]; 2) ... | 2015 | 25033554 |
| genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain hd-1. | we report here the complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain hd-1, which serves as the primary u.s. reference standard for all commercial insecticidal formulations of b. thuringiensis manufactured around the world. | 2014 | 25035322 |
| expression of prta from photorhabdus luminescens in bacillus thuringiensis enhances mortality in lepidopteran larvae by sub-cutaneous but not oral infection. | the prta gene from photorhabdus luminescens encodes the virulence factor protease a. when p. luminescens is injected into the hemocoel of insects by entomopathogenic nematodes, prta is a key component of pathogenicity thought to help degrade the immune system. the prta gene was cloned and introduced on a plasmid into bacillus thuringiensis. prta was shown to be actively expressed in vitro by cleavage of a specific dabcyl-edans heptapeptide substrate. there was no difference in the speed or level ... | 2014 | 25036004 |
| decontamination of a bsl3 laboratory by hydrogen peroxide fumigation using three different surrogates for bacillus anthracis spores. | two independent trials investigated the decontamination of a bsl3 laboratory using vaporous hydrogen peroxide and compared the effect on spores of bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis and bacillus thuringiensis as surrogates for bacillus anthracis spores, while spores of geobacillus stearothermophilus served as control. | 2014 | 25040253 |
| synergistic activity of bacillus thuringiensis toxins against simulium spp. larvae. | species of simulium spread diseases in humans and animals such as onchocerciasis and mansonelosis, causing health problems and economic loses. one alternative for controlling these insects is the use of bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (bti). this bacterium produces different dipteran-active cry and cyt toxins and has been widely used in blackfly biological control programs worldwide. studies on other insect targets have revealed the role of individual cry and cyt proteins in toxicity ... | 2014 | 25051392 |
| [enhancing effect of tween 80 on degradation of triphenyltin by bacillus thuringiensis]. | so far, the information regarding enhanced degradation and biodegradation mechanisms of tpht, an endocrine disruptor, is severely limited. whether dearylation during tpht degradation occurs successively or synchronously is not revealed clearly. to deal with these problems, this study focused on the biodegradation of tpht and its metabolites by bacillus thuringiensis through the acceleration of tween 80. the results showed that tween 80 obviously increased the tpht solubility. after degradation b ... | 2014 | 25055695 |
| regulation of cry gene expression in bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis differs from the closely related bacillus cereus group species by its ability to produce crystalline inclusions. the production of these crystals mainly results from the expression of the cry genes, from the stability of their transcripts and from the synthesis, accumulation and crystallization of large amounts of insecticidal cry proteins. this process normally coincides with sporulation and is regulated by various factors operating at the transcriptional, post-transcript ... | 2014 | 25055802 |
| isolation of mosquitocidal bacteria (bacillus thuringiensis, b.sphaericus and b. cereus) from excreta of arid birds. | mosquitocidal bacteria are environmentally friendly alternatives to chemical insecticides for controlling mosquitoes and therefore, there have been tremendous world-wide efforts to identify novel mosquitocidal bacteria from natural environment. in the present study, excreta from arid-birds were analyzed for identifying mosquitocidal bacteria. the selection of sample for bacterial screening is significant, because, arid-birds are the unique living species and gathering the foods from variety of s ... | 2014 | 25059042 |
| laboratory and field validation of a cry1ab protein quantitation method for water. | the widespread planting of crops expressing insecticidal proteins derived from the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has given rise to concerns regarding potential exposure to non-target species. these proteins are released from the plant throughout the growing season into soil and surface runoff and may enter adjacent waterways as runoff, erosion, aerial deposition of particulates, or plant debris. it is crucial to be able to accurately quantify bt protein concentrations in the environ ... | 2014 | 25059137 |
| antibiotics influence the toxicity of the delta endotoxins of bacillus thuringiensis towards the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera. | the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera is one of the most important crop pests worldwide. it has developed high levels of resistance to synthetic insecticides, and hence, bacillus thuringiensis (bt) formulations are used as a safer pesticide and the bt genes have been deployed in transgenic crops for controlling this pest. there is an apprehension that h. armigera might develop resistance to transgenic crops in future. therefore, we studied the role of gut microbes by eliminating them with an ... | 2014 | 25059716 |
| nitric oxide participates in the toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin to kill manduca sexta larvae. | nitric oxide (no) produced by the nitric oxide synthase (nos) enzyme is a reactive oxygen molecule widely considered as important participant in the immune system of different organisms to confront microbial infections. in insects the no molecule has also been implicated in immune response against microbial pathogens. bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is an insect-pathogenic bacterium that produces insecticidal proteins such as cry toxins. these proteins kill insects because they form pores in the lar ... | 2015 | 25063056 |
| aedes cadherin mediates the in vivo toxicity of the cry11aa toxin to aedes aegypti. | cadherin plays an important role in the toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis cry proteins. we previously cloned a full-length cadherin from aedes aegypti larvae and reported this protein binds cry11aa toxin from b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis with high affinity, ≈16.7nm. based on these results, we investigated if aedes cadherin is involved in the in vivo toxicity of cry11aa toxin to ae. aegypti. we established a mosquito cell line stably expressing the full-length aedes cadherin and transgeni ... | 2014 | 25064814 |
| transgenic cry1c or cry2a rice has no adverse impacts on the life-table parameters and population dynamics of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (hemiptera: delphacidae). | transgenic rice producing the insecticidal protein from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) is protected from damage by lepidopteran insect pests. however, one of the main concerns about bt rice is the potential impact on non-target herbivores. in the present study, the ecological impacts of two bt rice lines, t1c-19 expressing cry1c protein and t2a-1 expressing cry2a protein, on the non-target herbivore brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens (stål), were evaluated under laboratory and fie ... | 2015 | 25067834 |
| thuringiensin: a thermostable secondary metabolite from bacillus thuringiensis with insecticidal activity against a wide range of insects. | thuringiensin (thu), also known as β-exotoxin, is a thermostable secondary metabolite secreted by bacillus thuringiensis. it has insecticidal activity against a wide range of insects, including species belonging to the orders diptera, coleoptera, lepidoptera, hymenoptera, orthoptera, and isoptera, and several nematode species. the chemical formula of thu is c22h32o19n5p, and it is composed of adenosine, glucose, phosphoric acid, and gluconic diacid. in contrast to the more frequently studied ins ... | 2014 | 25068925 |
| vulnerability of bacillus spores and of related genera to physical impaction injury with particular reference to spread-plating. | to examine whether bacterial spores are vulnerable to impaction injury during standard spread-plating or to other modes of physical impaction. | 2014 | 25073977 |
| genomic sequencing identifies novel bacillus thuringiensis vip1/vip2 binary and cry8 toxins that have high toxicity to scarabaeoidea larvae. | the bacillus thuringiensis strain hbf-18 (cgmcc 2070), which has previously been shown to encode the cry8ga toxin gene, is active against both holotrichia oblita and holotrichia parallela. recombinant cry8ga however is only weakly toxic to these insect pests suggesting the involvement of additional toxins in the native strain. we report that through the use of illumina sequencing three additional, and novel, genes, namely vip1ad1, vip2ag1, and cry8-like, were identified in this strain. although ... | 2015 | 25081556 |
| development of chrysoperla carnea (stephens) (neuroptera: chrysopidae) on pollen from bt-transgenic and conventional maize. | maize (zea mays) pollen is highly nutritious and can be used by predatory arthropods to supplement or replace a carnivorous diet. we demonstrate that maize pollen can be utilized by larvae of the green lacewing, chrysoperla carnea (neuroptera: chrysopidae) under laboratory conditions. complete development on maize pollen was not possible, but 25% of neonates reached the third instar. when only one instar was fed with pollen and the other two instars with eggs of ephestia kuehniella (lepidoptera: ... | 2014 | 25082074 |
| division of labour and terminal differentiation in a novel bacillus thuringiensis strain. | a major challenge in bacterial developmental biology has been to understand the mechanisms underlying cell fate decisions. some differentiated cell types display cooperative behaviour. cooperation is one of the greatest mysteries of evolutionary biology and microbes have been considered as an excellent system for experimentally testing evolution theories. bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is a spore-forming bacterium, which is genetically closely related to b. anthracis, the agent of anthrax, and to b ... | 2014 | 25083932 |
| no adjuvant effect of bacillus thuringiensis-maize on allergic responses in mice. | genetically modified (gm) foods are evaluated carefully for their ability to induce allergic disease. however, few studies have tested the capacity of a gm food to act as an adjuvant, i.e. influencing allergic responses to other unrelated allergens at acute onset and in individuals with pre-existing allergy. we sought to evaluate the effect of short-term feeding of gm bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-maize (mon810) on the initiation and relapse of allergic asthma in mice. balb/c mice were provided a ... | 2014 | 25084284 |
| quorum sensing in bacillus thuringiensis is required for completion of a full infectious cycle in the insect. | bacterial cell-cell communication or quorum sensing (qs) is a biological process commonly described as allowing bacteria belonging to a same pherotype to coordinate gene expression to cell density. in gram-positive bacteria, cell-cell communication mainly relies on cytoplasmic sensors regulated by secreted and re-imported signaling peptides. the bacillus quorum sensors rap, nprr, and plcr were previously identified as the first members of a new protein family called rnpp. except for the rap prot ... | 2014 | 25089349 |
| efficacy of olive mill wastewater for protecting bacillus thuringiensis formulation from uv radiations. | the effectiveness of 10 low-cost uv-absorbers in protecting bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki blb1 toxins against inactivation by uv-a and uv-b irradiation was evaluated in this study. among them, two by-products, molasses and olive mill wastewater (omw) were selected for further studies. they were tested at different concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2% using the para-aminobenzoic acid (paba) as a common uv protectant. interestingly, addition of paba and omw to blb1 formulations was ... | 2014 | 25093915 |
| germination and persistence of bacillus anthracis and bacillus thuringiensis in soil microcosms. | decontaminating large, outdoor spaces of bacillus anthracis spores presents significant problems, particularly in soil. proof was sought that the addition of germinant chemicals could cause spores of b. anthracis and bacillus thuringiensis, a commonly used simulant of the threat agent, to convert to the less resistant vegetative form in a microcosm. | 2014 | 25099131 |
| extraction of antibiotic zwittermicin a from bacillus thuringiensis by macroporous resin and silica gel column chromatography. | to establish a production process capable of providing refined zwittermicin a (zwa) on a large scale, the macroporous resin and silica gel column chromatography were used to separate and purify the antibiotic zwa from the fermentation broth of bacillus thuringiensis hd-1. the result of high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry after purification suggests that the samples of zwa were of high purity, 89%, and the average yield was 20 mg l(-1). erwinia herbicola ls005, escherichia co ... | 2015 | 25099664 |
| taming a tiger in the city: comparison of motorized backpack applications and source reduction against the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus. | we evaluated 2 strategies to manage aedes albopictus: 1) motorized backpack applications and 2) source reduction (coupled with hand-applied applications of larvicide). backpack applications used a water-dispersible granular formulation (vectobac wdg) of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti), whereas source reduction used granular formulations of the insect growth regulator methoprene (altosid) combined with a monomolecular film surfactant (agnique). six subplots (total 8.02 ha) were sele ... | 2014 | 25102592 |
| transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) rice is safer to aquatic ecosystems than its non-transgenic counterpart. | rice lines genetically modified with the crystal toxin genes from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have experienced rapid development, with biosafety certificates for two bt rice lines issued in 2009. there has still been no commercial release of these lines yet due to public concerns about human health and environmental risks. some studies confirmed that bt rice was as safe as conventional rice to non-target organisms when pesticides were not applied, however, pesticides are still required in bt ric ... | 2014 | 25105299 |
| dual function of a bee (apis cerana) inhibitor cysteine knot peptide that acts as an antifungal peptide and insecticidal venom toxin. | inhibitor cysteine knot (ick) peptides exhibit ion channel blocking, insecticidal, and antimicrobial activities, but currently, no functional roles for bee-derived ick peptides have been identified. in this study, a bee (apis cerana) ick peptide (acick) that acts as an antifungal peptide and as an insecticidal venom toxin was identified. acick contains an ick fold that is expressed in the epidermis, fat body, or venom gland and is present as a 6.6-kda peptide in bee venom. recombinant acick pept ... | 2014 | 25106915 |
| mining rare and ubiquitous toxin genes from a large collection of bacillus thuringiensis strains. | there has been considerable effort made in recent years for research groups and other organizations to build up large collections of strains of bacillus thuringiensis in the search for genes encoding novel insecticidal toxins, or encoding novel metabolic pathways. whilst next generation sequencing allows the detailed genetic characterization of a bacterial strain with relative ease it is still not practicable for large strain collections. in this work we assess the practicability of mining a mix ... | 2014 | 25108136 |
| responses of 9 lepidopteran species to bacillus thuringiensis: how useful is phylogenetic relatedness for selecting surrogate species for nontarget arthropod risk assessment? | to evaluate phylogenetic relatedness as a proxy for susceptibility to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) when selecting species to act as surrogates for others in prerelease testing, we examined the responses of 11 laboratory-reared lepidopteran colonies, comprising members of 2 families, 5 genera, and 9 species, to a commercial bt preparation. survival, pupal mass, and timing of pupation and adult emergence of 2 noctuids (spodoptera litura and helicoverpa armigera) and 7 tortricids (cnephasia jactatan ... | 2015 | 25111652 |
| modular genetic architecture of the toxigenic plasmid pis56-63 harboring cry1ab21 in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis strain is5056. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis is5056, a strain highly toxic to trichoplusia ni larvae, produces the newly described cry1ab21 delta-endotoxin encoded by a gene located in the 63.8 kb pis56-63 plasmid. in this report we present the structure and functional similarity of this plasmid to other b. thuringiensis large toxigenic plasmids with particular interest focused on its modular architecture. the 61 open reading frames (orfs) of the plasmid made four functional modules: (i) m1-mic, ... | 2014 | 25115108 |
| enhanced toxicity of binary mixtures of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and three essential oil major constituents to wild anopheles sinensis (diptera: culicidae) and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | an assessment was made of the toxicity of 12 insecticides and three essential oils as well as bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) alone or in combination with the oil major constituents (e)-anethole (an), (e) -cinnamaldehyde (ca), and eugenol (eu; 1:1 ratio) to third instars of bamboo forest-collected aedes albopictus (skuse) and rice paddy field-collected anopheles sinensis wiedemann. an. sinensis larvae were resistant to various groups of the tested insecticides. based on 24-h lc50 ... | 2014 | 25118412 |
| molecular approaches to improve the insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is a gram-positive spore-forming soil bacterium that is distributed worldwide. originally recognized as a pathogen of the silkworm, several strains were found on epizootic events in insect pests. in the 1960s, bt began to be successfully used to control insect pests in agriculture, particularly because of its specificity, which reflects directly on their lack of cytotoxicity to human health, non-target organisms and the environment. since the introduction of transgeni ... | 2014 | 25123558 |
| efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against malaria mosquitoes in northwestern burkina faso. | in sub saharan africa malaria remains one of the major health problems and its control represents an important public health measure. integrated malaria control comprises the use of impregnated mosquito nets and indoor residual spraying. the use of drugs to treat patients can create additional pressure on the equation of malaria transmission. vector control may target the adult mosquitoes or their aquatic larval stages. biological larvicides such as bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) repre ... | 2014 | 25128297 |
| influence of transgenic rice expressing a fused cry1ab/1ac protein on frogs in paddy fields. | as genetic engineering in plants is increasingly used to control agricultural pests, it is important to determine whether such transgenic plants adversely affect non-target organisms within and around cultivated fields. the cry1ab/1ac fusion gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has insecticidal activity and has been introduced into rice line minghui 63 (mh63). we evaluated the effect of transgenic cry1ab/1ac rice (huahui 1, hh1) on paddy frogs by comparing hh1 and mh63 rice paddies with and wit ... | 2014 | 25129148 |
| variability of bacillus thuringiensis strains by eric-pcr and biofilm formation. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is a soil-dwelling bacterium of great interest for agronomical research because of its use as biological pesticide. there are some limitations regarding the subspecies classification. phenotyping and genotyping studies are important to ascertain its variability. the diversity of 40 environmental strains, isolated from different regions in mexico, was analyzed by eric-pcr and the ability of biofilm formation. thirty-nine different fingerprinting patterns revealed enoug ... | 2015 | 25129641 |
| pcr-based prediction of type i β-exotoxin production in bacillus thuringiensis strains. | some bacillus thuringiensis strains secrete type i β-exotoxin, which is a non-specific insecticidal and thermostable adenine nucleoside oligosaccharide. toxicity bioassays and hplc are traditional methods for detecting β-exotoxin. with the aim of establish a first rapid approach for prediction of type i β-exotoxin production, two pcr-based methods were successfully evaluated in b. thuringiensis strains and native isolates. in order to validate a reliable technology, results obtained by this meth ... | 2014 | 25132154 |
| protein crystal structure obtained at 2.9 å resolution from injecting bacterial cells into an x-ray free-electron laser beam. | it has long been known that toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are stored in the bacterial cells in crystalline form. here we describe the structure determination of the cry3a toxin found naturally crystallized within bt cells. when whole bt cells were streamed into an x-ray free-electron laser beam we found that scattering from other cell components did not obscure diffraction from the crystals. the resolution limits of the best diffraction images collected from cells were the same ... | 2014 | 25136092 |
| structure of the full-length insecticidal protein cry1ac reveals intriguing details of toxin packaging into in vivo formed crystals. | for almost half a century, the structure of the full-length bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal protein cry1ac has eluded researchers, since bt-derived crystals were first characterized in 1965. having finally solved this structure we report intriguing details of the lattice-based interactions between the toxic core of the protein and the protoxin domains. the structure provides concrete evidence for the function of the protoxin as an enhancer of native crystal packing and stability. | 2014 | 25139047 |
| response of growth and superoxide dismutase to enhanced arsenic in two bacillus species. | species differences in inorganic arsenic tolerance were investigated by comparing the responses of bacillus subtilis (b. subtilis) and bacillus thuringiensis (b. thuringiensis) to elevated concentrations of as(iii) and as(v). the cell densities in treatments were always lower during the experiment compared to controls, with the exception of exposure to 1.0 mg as(v) l(-1) on the first day. it was also found that relative growth rate (rgr) of b. thuringiensis was lower than that of b. subtilis. fu ... | 2014 | 25142350 |
| baseline sensitivity of maize borers in india to the bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins cry1a.105 and cry2ab2. | among the major pests of maize in india are two stem borers, chilo partellus (swinhoe) and sesamia inferens (walker), and an earworm, helicoverpa armigera (hübner). as a pest control strategy, transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) maize hybrids are undergoing regulatory trials in india. we have determined the sensitivity of the target lepidopterans to the insecticidal bt proteins expressed in bt maize, as this determines product efficacy and the resistance management strategy to be adopted. mai ... | 2015 | 25143318 |
| complete genome sequence of a mosaic bacteriophage, waukesha92. | in this study, we determined the complete genome sequence of a mosaic bacteriophage, waukesha92, which was isolated from soil using bacillus thuringiensis as the host organism. this temperate myoviridae bacteriophage has similarities to phages spaa1 and bcea1 and the bacillus thuringiensis plasmid pbmb165. | 2014 | 25146131 |
| dna-based screening for an intracellular cadherin mutation conferring non-recessive cry1ac resistance in field populations of helicoverpa armigera. | a number of cadherin mutants conferring resistance to bt toxin cry1ac have been reported in three major lepidopteran pests, including helicoverpa armigera. unlike most of the cadherin mutants conferring recessive resistance, an allele (r15) with a 55aa deletion in the intracellular domain of cadherin (hacad) was previously identified to cause non-recessive resistance to cry1ac in h. armigera. in the present study, a dna-based pcr method was developed to screen the r15 allele from field populatio ... | 2013 | 25149249 |
| the correlation of the presence and expression levels of cry genes with the insecticidal activities against plutella xylostella for bacillus thuringiensis strains. | the use of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) strains with high insecticidal activity is essential for the preparation of bioinsecticide. in this study, for 60 bt strains isolated in taiwan, their genotypes and the correlation of some cry genes as well as the expression levels of cry1 genes, with their insecticidal activities against plutella xylostella, were investigated. pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) results revealed that the genotypes of these bt ... | 2014 | 25153253 |
| mis-splicing of the abcc2 gene linked with bt toxin resistance in helicoverpa armigera. | toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are used widely for insect control in sprays and transgenic plants, but their efficacy is reduced when pests evolve resistance. previous work showed that mutations in a gene encoding the transporter protein abcc2 are linked with resistance to bt toxins cry1ab, cry1ac or both in four species of lepidoptera. here we compared the abcc2 gene of helicoverpa armigera (haabcc2) between susceptible strains and a laboratory-selected strain with >1,000 ... | 2014 | 25154974 |
| evaluation of cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of two bt cry proteins on a gmo safety perspective. | studies have contested the innocuousness of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry proteins to mammalian cells as well as to mammals microbiota. thus, this study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of two cry proteins, cry8ka5 (a novel mutant protein) and cry1ac (a widely distributed protein in gm crops). evaluation of cyto- and genotoxicity in human lymphocytes was performed as well as hemolytic activity coupled with cellular membrane topography analysis in mammal erythrocytes. e ... | 2014 | 25165717 |
| bio-insecticide bacillus thuringiensis spores encapsulated with amaranth derivatized starches: studies on the propagation "in vitro". | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is one of the bioinsecticides used worldwide due to its specific toxicity against target pests in their larval stage. despite this advantage, its use is limited because of their short persistence in field when exposed to ultra violet light and changing environmental conditions. in this work, microencapsulation has been evaluated as a promising method to improve bt activity. the objective of this study was to develop and characterize native and modified amaranth starch ... | 2015 | 25168123 |
| evaluating the elimination of brazilian entomopathogenic bacillus by non-target aquatic species: an experimental study. | ecotoxicity tests are key to predict environmental hazards resulting from chemical and biological pesticides in non-target species. in order to assess the effects of microbial pesticides it is important to determine if they cause infection in test organisms. at present the microbial elimination rate or clearance is not included in ecotoxicological regulatory protocols. this study evaluated the elimination of bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus sphaericus from fish and snails, after 30 days' expo ... | 2014 | 25168695 |
| dietary mechanism behind the costs associated with resistance to bacillus thuringiensis in the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni. | beneficial alleles that spread rapidly as an adaptation to a new environment are often associated with costs that reduce the fitness of the population in the original environment. several species of insect pests have evolved resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins in the field, jeopardizing its future use. this has most commonly occurred through the alteration of insect midgut binding sites specific for bt toxins. while fitness costs related to bt resistance alleles have often been reco ... | 2014 | 25171126 |
| an improved method for rapid generation and screening of bacillus thuringiensis phage-resistant mutants. | a simple method to isolate, screen and select phage-resistant mutants of bacillus thuringiensis was developed. the traditional double-layer agar method was improved by a combination of the spotting assay using a lytic phage, to generate the bacterial-resistant mutants, with an inverted spotting assay (isa), to rapidly screen the candidate-resistant mutants. | 2014 | 25179804 |
| heterologous expression of the antifungal β-chitin binding protein cbp24 from bacillus thuringiensis and its synergistic action with bacterial chitinases. | the genome sequence analysis of bacillus thuringiensis serovar konkukian s4 has shown to contain two chitinases (chi74, chi39) and two chitin-binding proteins (cbp50 and cbp24). the chi74, chi39 and cbp50 have been characterized previously. the chitin-binding protein cbp24 was cloned and heterologously expressed in escherichia coli. the recombinant protein was purified using a ni-nta purification system. the purified protein was used to study its substrate binding activity using crystalline chit ... | 2015 | 25182053 |
| fitness costs of reproductive capacity and ovarian development in a bt-resistant strain of the cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera has developed resistance to the insecticidal cry1ac toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis (bt) in china. to gain a better understanding of the fitness cost associated with resistance evolution, reproductive capacities and ovarian development were examined in four strains of h. armigera: a cry1ac-susceptible strain (96s); a cry1ac-resistant strain fed on an artificial diet with cry1ac toxin for 135 generations (btr); two strains derived from btr: a str ... | 2015 | 25186022 |
| susceptibility to bt proteins is not required for agrotis ipsilon aversion to bt maize. | although bacillus thuringiensis (bt) maize has been widely adopted in diverse regions around the world, relatively little is known about the susceptibility and behavioral response of certain insect pests to bt maize in countries where this maize is not currently cultivated. these are important factors to consider as management plans are developed. these factors were investigated for agrotis ipsilon, a global pest of maize, with cry1f and cry34ab1/cry35ab1 maize. | 2015 | 25186105 |
| corrosion and stability study of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki starch industry wastewater-derived biopesticide formulation. | biopesticides are usually sprayed on forests by using planes made up of aluminum alloy. bioval derived from starch industry wastewater (siw) in suspension form was developed as stable anticorrosive biopesticide formulation. in this context, various anticorrosion agents such as activated charcoal, glycerin, ethylene glycol, phytic acid, castor oil and potassium silicate were tested as anticorrosive agents. there was no corrosion found in bioval formulation where potassium silicate (0.5% w/v) was ... | 2014 | 25190564 |
| dual cry2ab and vip3a resistant strains of helicoverpa armigera and helicoverpa punctigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae); testing linkage between loci and monitoring of allele frequencies. | considerable attention has been given to delaying the evolution of insect resistance to toxins produced by transgenic crops. the major pests of cotton in australia are the lepidoptera helicoverpa armigera (hubner, 1805) and helicoverpa punctigera (wallengren), and the toxins deployed in current and imminent transgenic cotton varieties are cry1ac, cry2ab and vip3a from bacillus thuringiensis. in this study, lines that carry alleles conferring resistance to cry2ab and vip3a were isolated using f2 ... | 2014 | 25195454 |
| creation of bt rice expressing a fusion protein of cry1ac and cry1i-like using a green tissue-specific promoter. | the insecticidal genes from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) have long been successfully used for development of insect-resistant rice. however, commercial planting of bt rice has been delayed by the concern over food safety, although no scientific evidence is ever found to justify the concern. to address this safety concern, we developed a transgenic insect-resistant rice line using a green tissue promoter to minimize the bt protein expression in the rice seeds. the bt protein expressed in ... | 2014 | 25195461 |
| diversity in gut microflora of helicoverpa armigera populations from different regions in relation to biological activity of bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin cry1ac. | transgenic crops expressing toxin proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have been deployed on a large scale for management of helicoverpa armigera. resistance to bt toxins has been documented in several papers, and therefore, we examined the role of midgut microflora of h. armigera in its susceptibility to bt toxins. the susceptibility of h. armigera to bt toxin cry1ac was assessed using log-dose-probit analysis, and the microbial communities were identified by 16s rrna sequencing. the h. ar ... | 2014 | 25195523 |
| the impact of inducing germination of bacillus anthracis and bacillus thuringiensis spores on potential secondary decontamination strategies. | decontamination and remediation of a site contaminated by the accidental or intentional release of fully virulent bacillus anthracis spores are difficult, costly and potentially damaging to the environment. development of novel decontamination strategies that have minimal environmental impacts remains a high priority. although ungerminated spores are amongst the most resilient organisms known, once exposed to germinants, the germinating spores, in some cases, become susceptible to antimicrobial ... | 2014 | 25196092 |
| high-quality draft genome sequence of nematocidal bacillus thuringiensis sbt003. | bacillus thuringiensis represents one of the six species of "bacillus cereus group" in the genus bacillus within the family bacillaceae. strain sbt003 was isolated from soil and identified as b. thuringiensis. it harbors at least seven plasmids and produces three shapes of parasporal crystals including oval, bipyramidal and rice. sds-page analysis of spore-crystal suspension of this strain reveals six major protein bands, which implies the presence of multiple parasporal crystal genes. bioassay ... | 2014 | 25197449 |
| essential oils from two eucalyptus from tunisia and their insecticidal action on orgyia trigotephras (lepidotera, lymantriidae). | essential oils extracted from aromatic and medicinal plants have many biological properties and are therefore an alternative to the use of synthetic products. the chemical composition of essential oils from two medicinal plants (eucalyptus globulus and e. lehmannii) was determined and, their insecticidal effects on the third and fourth larval stages of orgyia trigotephras were assessed. | 0 | 25204015 |
| downregulation and mutation of a cadherin gene associated with cry1ac resistance in the asian corn borer, ostrinia furnacalis (guenée). | development of resistance in target pests is a major threat to long-term use of transgenic crops expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry toxins. to manage and/or delay the evolution of resistance in target insects through the implementation of effective strategies, it is essential to understand the basis of resistance. one of the most important mechanisms of insect resistance to bt crops is the alteration of the interactions between cry toxins and their receptors in the midgut. a cry1ac-selec ... | 2014 | 25216082 |
| nutrient-dependent efficacy of the antifungal protein yvgo correlates to cellular proliferation rate in candida albicans 3153a and byssochlamys fulva h25. | yvgo is a recently characterized antifungal protein isolated from bacillus thuringiensis sf361 that exhibits a broad spectrum of activity and ph stability. customized colorimetric metabolic assays based on standard broth microdilution techniques were used to determine the variable tolerance of byssochlamys fulva h25 and candida albicans 3153a to yvgo exposure under select matrix conditions impacting cellular proliferation. normalization of the solution ph after antifungal challenge expanded the ... | 2014 | 25217289 |
| spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) with field-evolved resistance to bt maize are susceptible to bt pesticides. | field-evolved resistance to maize event tc1507 expressing the cry1fa toxin from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) was detected in populations of spodoptera frugiperda from puerto rico. we tested for cross-resistance to purified cry1a toxins and commercial bt pesticides in susceptible (benzon) and tc1507-resistant (456) strains of s. frugiperda. larvae from the 456 strain exhibited cross-resistance to cry1ab and cry1ac toxins, while no differences in susceptibility to xentari wg and dipel es pesticides ... | 2014 | 25218399 |
| a coleopteran cadherin fragment synergizes toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry3aa, cry3bb, and cry8ca against lesser mealworm, alphitobius diaperinus (coleoptera: tenebrionidae). | the lesser mealworm, alphitobius diaperinus, is a serious cosmopolitan pest of commercial poultry facilities because of its involvement in structural damage to poultry houses, reduction in feed conversion efficiency, and transfer of avian and human pathogens. cry3aa, cry3bb, and cry8ca insecticidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis are used to control coleopteran larvae. cadherins localized in the midgut epithelium function as receptors for cry toxins in lepidopteran, coleopteran, and dipteran ... | 2014 | 25218400 |
| characterization of one novel cry8 gene from bacillus thuringiensis strain q52-7. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is the most widely used insecticidal microbe due to its specific toxicity and safe use with respect to animals and the environment. in this study, we isolated bt strain q52-7 from a soil sample collected in the qian shan district, liao ning province, china. we observed that the q52-7 strain produced spherical crystals. the bt q52-7 strain had high toxicity against asian cockchafer (holotrichia parallela), exhibiting an lc50 of 3.80 × 10(9) cfu/g, but is not toxic for ... | 2014 | 25218711 |
| stable bacillus thuringiensis transgene introgression from brassica napus to wild mustard b. juncea. | transgenic canola (brassica napus) with a bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac gene and a green fluorescent protein (gfp) marker gene was used in hybridization experiments with wild brassica juncea. hybrid f1 and successive five backcross generations were obtained. the pod-set frequency on backcrossed b. juncea plants was over 66%, which suggested relatively high crossing compatibility between the hybrids and wild species. the seed setting in bc1 was the least of all generations tested, and then increa ... | 2014 | 25219305 |
| potentiality of eisenia fetida to degrade disposable paper cups-an ecofriendly solution to solid waste pollution. | the aim of the present study was to subject the post-consumer waste, namely paper cups for vermicomposting along with cow dung in three different ratios for a period of 90-140 days employing eisenia fetida. the post-consumer wastes are a menace in many developing countries including india. this waste was provided as feed for earthworms and was converted to vermicompost. vermicompost prepared with paper cup waste was analyzed for their physicochemical properties. based on the physicochemical prop ... | 2015 | 25220767 |
| cadherin mutation linked to resistance to cry1ac affects male paternity and sperm competition in helicoverpa armigera. | several lepidopteran pests of cotton have cadherin-based resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin cry1ac. cadherins are transmembrane proteins that mediate cell-cell adhesion and tissue morphogenesis, suggesting that fitness costs associated with cadherin mutations may be present in many aspects of life history. to evaluate whether cadherin-based resistance is associated with fitness costs reducing male paternity in helicoverpa armigera, we examined the effects of a major cadherin res ... | 2014 | 25220924 |
| function of global regulator cody in bacillus thuringiensis bmb171 by comparative proteomic analysis. | cody is a highly conserved protein in low g+c gram-positive bacteria that regulates genes involved in sporulation and stationary-phase adaptation. bacillus thuringiensis is a grampositive bacterium that forms spores and parasporal crystals during the stationary phase. to our knowledge, the regulatory mechanism of cody in b. thuringiensis is unknown. to study the function of cody protein in b. thuringiensis, bmb171cody(-) was constructed in a bmb171 strain. a shuttle vector containing the orf of ... | 2015 | 25223328 |
| structure and function analysis of protein hd73_0859 produced by bacillus thuringiensis. | hd73_0859 is a secretory protein from bacillus thuringiensis (bt). in this study, its structural feature was analyzed and its function was predicted. the results revealed that hd73_0859 is a peptidase consists of a signal peptide, three well-separated sh3_3 domains and one peptidase_m23 domain. the peptidase belongs to the m23/37-metallopeptidase family, and might have enzymatic activity to cell wall peptidoglycan and some elastins. this paper improves the understanding of both the protein hd73_ ... | 2014 | 25227107 |
| sequence and expression of two cry8 genes from bacillus thuringiensis inta fr7-4, a native strain from argentina. | we found and characterized two cry8 genes from the bacillus thuringiensis strain inta fr7-4 isolated in argentina. these genes, cry8kb3 and cry8pa3, are located in a tandem array within a 13,200-bp dna segment sequenced from a preparation of total dna. they encode 1,169- and 1,176-amino-acid proteins, respectively. both genes were cloned with their promoter sequences and the proteins were expressed separately in an acrystalliferous strain of b. thuringiensis leading to the formation of ovoid cry ... | 2014 | 25228382 |
| structural insights into bacillus thuringiensis cry, cyt and parasporin toxins. | since the first x-ray structure of cry3aa was revealed in 1991, numerous structures of b. thuringiensis toxins have been determined and published. in recent years, functional studies on the mode of action and resistance mechanism have been proposed, which notably promoted the developments of biological insecticides and insect-resistant transgenic crops. with the exploration of known pore-forming toxins (pfts) structures, similarities between pfts and b. thuringiensis toxins have provided great i ... | 2014 | 25229189 |
| bacillus thuringiensis cry1abmod toxin counters tolerance associated with low cadherin expression but not that associated with low alkaline phosphatase expression in manduca sexta. | to exert their toxic effect, bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin undergoes a sequential binding mechanism with different larval gut proteins including glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol anchored proteins like aminopeptidase-n (apn) or alkaline-phosphatase (alp) and a transmembrane cadherin to form pre-pore structures that insert into the membrane. cadherin binding induces oligomerization of the toxin by facilitating removal of the n-terminal region, while apn/alp binding helps in oligomer membrane i ... | 2015 | 25239508 |
| alkaline phosphatases and aminopeptidases are altered in a cry11aa resistant strain of aedes aegypti. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) is widely used for the biological control of mosquito populations. however, the mechanism of bti toxins is still not fully understood. to further elucidate the mechanism of bti toxins, we developed an aedes aegypti resistant strain that shows high-level resistance to cry11aa toxin. after 27 selections with cry11aa toxin, the larvae showed a 124-fold resistance ratio for cry11aa (strain g30). g30 larvae showed cross-resistance to cry4aa (66-fold res ... | 2014 | 25242559 |
| fumonisins in conventional and transgenic, insect-resistant maize intended for fuel ethanol production: implications for fermentation efficiency and ddgs co-product quality. | mycotoxins in maize grain intended for ethanol production are enriched in co-product dried distiller's grains and solubles (ddgs) and may be detrimental to yeast in fermentation. this study was conducted to examine the magnitude of fumonisin enrichment in ddgs and to analyze the impacts of insect injury, fusarium ear rot severity, and fumonisin contamination on final ethanol yield. samples of naturally-contaminated grain (0 to 35 mg/kg fumonisins) from field trials conducted in 2008-2011 were fe ... | 2014 | 25247264 |
| development and reproduction of spodoptera eridania (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and its egg parasitoid telenomus remus (hymenoptera: platygastridae) on the genetically modified soybean (bt) mon 87701×mon 89788. | genetically modified crops with insect resistance genes from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt-plants) are increasingly being cultivated worldwide. therefore, it is critical to improve our knowledge of their direct or indirect impact not only on target pests but also on non-target arthropods. hence, this study evaluates comparative leaf consumption and performance of spodoptera eridania (cramer), a species that is tolerant of the cry1ac protein, fed with bt soybean, mon 87701×mon 89788 or its ... | 2014 | 25248849 |
| development of pod borer-resistant transgenic chickpea using a pod-specific and a constitutive promoter-driven fused cry1ab/ac gene. | we studied pod-specific msg promoter from soybean and developed different transgenic lines of chickpea expressing fused cry1ab/ac constitutively and pod specifically for resistance against the destructive pest helicoverpa armigera. crystal (cry) proteins derived from the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) play an important role in controlling infestation of helicoverpa armigera, which has been considered a serious problem in chickpea productivity. this study was undertaken to overcome th ... | 2014 | 25252910 |
| identification of a mosquitocidal toxin from bacillus thuringiensis using mass spectrometry. | the bacillus thuringiensis strain s2160-1 has previously been identified as being highly toxic to mosquito larvae and a viable alternative to strains currently used commercially to control these insects. a pcr approach had identified the presence of four putative insecticidal toxin genes (cry30ea, cry30 ga, cry50ba and cry54ba) in this strain, but did not identify the genes that encoding three of the main crystal toxin proteins of size 140 and 130 and 30 kda. in this study we used mass spectrome ... | 2014 | 25256415 |
| regulation of sporulation initiation by nprr and its signaling peptide nprrb: molecular recognition and conformational changes. | nprr belongs to the rnpp family of quorum-sensing receptors, a group of intracellular regulators activated directly by signaling oligopeptides in gram-positive bacteria. in bacillus thuringiensis (bt), nprr is located in a transcriptional cassette with nprrb that codes for the precursor of the signaling peptide nprrb. nprr is a transcriptional regulator activated by binding of reimported nprrb; however, several reports suggest that nprr also participates in sporulation but the mechanism is unkno ... | 2014 | 25256619 |
| shared binding sites for the bacillus thuringiensis proteins cry3bb, cry3ca, and cry7aa in the african sweet potato pest cylas puncticollis (brentidae). | bacillus thuringiensis cry3bb, cry3ca, and cry7aa have been reported to be toxic against larvae of the genus cylas, which are important pests of sweet potato worldwide and particularly in sub-saharan africa. however, relatively little is known about the processing and binding interactions of these coleopteran-specific cry proteins. the aim of the present study was to determine whether cry3bb, cry3ca, and cry7aa proteins have shared binding sites in cylas puncticollis to orient the pest resistanc ... | 2014 | 25261517 |
| influence of lysogeny of tectiviruses gil01 and gil16 on bacillus thuringiensis growth, biofilm formation, and swarming motility. | bacillus thuringiensis is an entomopathogenic bacterium that has been used as an efficient biopesticide worldwide. despite the fact that this bacterium is usually described as an insect pathogen, its life cycle in the environment is still largely unknown. b. thuringiensis belongs to the bacillus cereus group of bacteria, which has been associated with many mobile genetic elements, such as species-specific temperate or virulent bacteriophages (phages). temperate (lysogenic) phages are able to est ... | 2014 | 25261525 |
| bacillus thuringiensis: mechanism of action, resistance, and new applications: a review. | since the first report by ishiwata in 1902 of a bombyx mori infection, followed by the description by berliner, bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has become the main microorganism used in biological control. the application of bt to combat invertebrates of human interest gained momentum with the growing demand for food free of chemical pesticides and with the implementation of agriculture methods that were less damaging to the environment. however, the mechanisms of action of these products have not b ... | 2016 | 25264571 |
| evaluation of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and hematotoxicity of the recombinant spore-crystal complexes cry1ia, cry10aa and cry1ba6 from bacillus thuringiensis in swiss mice. | the insecticidal properties of cry-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have long been used as spore-crystals in commercial spray formulations for insect control. recently, some bt-endotoxin genes have been cloned in many different plants. toxicological evaluations of three spore-crystal endotoxins, btcry1ia, btcry10aa and btcry1ba6 from b. thuringiensis, were carried out on mice to understand their adverse effects on hematological systems and on genetic material. these three spore-crysta ... | 2014 | 25268978 |
| synergism and antagonism between bacillus thuringiensis vip3a and cry1 proteins in heliothis virescens, diatraea saccharalis and spodoptera frugiperda. | second generation bt crops (insect resistant crops carrying bacillus thuringiensis genes) combine more than one gene that codes for insecticidal proteins in the same plant to provide better control of agricultural pests. some of the new combinations involve co-expression of cry and vip genes. because cry and vip proteins have different midgut targets and possibly different mechanisms of toxicity, it is important to evaluate possible synergistic or antagonistic interactions between these two clas ... | 2014 | 25275646 |
| detection of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab protein based on surface plasmon resonance immunosensor. | two novel surface plasmon resonance immunosensors were fabricated for detection of the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab protein and to demonstrate their performance in analyzing cry1ab protein in crop samples. sensor 2 was modified by 1,6-hexanedithiol, au/ag alloy nanoparticles, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, and protein a (or not [sensor 1]), with cry1ab monoclonal antibody. as a result, both of the immunosensors exhibited satisfactory linear responses in the cry1ab protein concentration ranges of 10 ... | 2015 | 25277812 |
| bacillus thuringiensis membrane-damaging toxins acting on mammalian cells. | bacillus thuringiensis is widely used as a biopesticide in forestry and agriculture, being able to produce potent species-specific insecticidal toxins and considered nonpathogenic to other animals. more recently, however, repeated observations are documenting the association of this microorganism with various infectious diseases in humans, such as food-poisoning-associated diarrheas, periodontitis, bacteremia, as well as ocular, burn, and wound infections. similar to b. cereus, b. thuringiensis ... | 2014 | 25283838 |
| crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase from bacillus thuringiensis. | poly[(r)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (phb) is a microbial biopolymer that has been commercialized as biodegradable plastics. the key enzyme for the degradation is phb depolymerase (phaz). a new intracellular phaz from bacillus thuringiensis (btphaz) has been screened for potential applications in polymer biodegradation. recombinant btphaz was crystallized using 25% polyethylene glycol 3350, 0.2 m ammonium acetate, 0.1 m bis-tris ph 6.5 at 288 k. the crystals belonged to space group p1, with unit-cell par ... | 2014 | 25286954 |
| the cumulative damage index method: a new method for evaluating the effectiveness of control measures for plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | all previously and currently used methods for effectiveness evaluation of control measures for the diamondback moth (dbm) do not simultaneously take the actual damage and population size into consideration. here, we propose a new method, the cumulative damage index method, in which the number of larvae and their amount of food consumption are simultaneously included in the calculation of the theoretical cumulative damage index (t) and actual cumulative damage index (a). evaluation was based on t ... | 2015 | 25298217 |
| the social biology of quorum sensing in a naturalistic host pathogen system. | many microorganisms cooperate by secreting products that are commonly available to neighboring cells. these "public goods" include autoinduced, quorum-sensing (qs) molecules and the virulence factors activated by these signals. public goods cooperation is exploitable by cheaters, cells that avoid the costs of production but gain an advantage by freeloading on the products of others. qs signals and responses can be cooperative under artificial laboratory conditions, but it remains unclear whether ... | 2014 | 25308072 |
| changes in the hemolymph protein profiles in galleria mellonella infected with bacillus thuringiensis involve apolipophorin iii. the effect of heat shock. | this report concerns the effect of heat shock on host-pathogen interaction in galleria mellonella infected with bacillus thuringiensis. we show enhanced activity against gram-positive bacteria in the hemolymph of larvae pre-exposed to heat shock before infection with b. thuringiensis. heat shock influenced the protein pattern in the hemolymph of infected larvae: more peptides with a molecular weight below 10 kda were detected in comparison with nonshocked animals. additionally, we noticed that t ... | 2015 | 25308190 |
| overcome of carbon catabolite repression of bioinsecticides production by sporeless bacillus thuringiensis through adequate fermentation technology. | the overcoming of catabolite repression, in bioinsecticides production by sporeless bacillus thuringiensis strain s22 was investigated into fully controlled 3 l fermenter, using glucose based medium. when applying adequate oxygen profile throughout the fermentation period (75% oxygen saturation), it was possible to partially overcome the catabolite repression, normally occurring at high initial glucose concentrations (30 and 40 g/l glucose). moreover, toxin production yield by sporeless strain s ... | 2014 | 25309756 |
| enterotoxigenic profiling of emetic toxin- and enterotoxin-producing bacillus cereus, isolated from food, environmental, and clinical samples by multiplex pcr. | bacillus cereus comprises the largest group of endospore-forming bacteria and can cause emetic and diarrheal food poisoning. a total of 496 b. cereus strains isolated from various sources (food, environmental, clinical) were assessed by a multiplex pcr for the presence of enterotoxin genes. the detection rate of nhea, entfm, hblc, and cytk enterotoxin genes among all b. cereus strains was 92.33%, 77.21%, 59.47%, and 47.58%, respectively. enterotoxigenic profiles were determined in emetic toxin- ... | 2014 | 25311736 |
| a simple method for the separation of bacillus thuringiensis spores and crystals. | a simple new method, for separating bacillus thuringiensis crystals from spores and cell debris, is described. the developed purification method uses hexane and low speed centrifugation and does not require any expensive material or reagents. | 2014 | 25315286 |
| design, synthesis and biological evaluation of metronidazole-thiazole derivatives as antibacterial inhibitors. | a series of metronidazole-thiazole derivatives has been designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential antibacterial inhibitors. all the synthesized compounds were determined by elemental analysis, (1)h nmr and ms. they were also tested for antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as for the inhibition to fabh. the results showed that compound 5e exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against e. coli fa ... | 2014 | 25318998 |
| area-wide ground applications of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis for the control of aedes albopictus in residential neighborhoods: from optimization to operation. | the increasing range of aedes albopictus, the asian tiger mosquito, in the usa and the threat of chikungunya and dengue outbreaks vectored by this species have necessitated novel approaches to control this peridomestic mosquito. conventional methods such as adulticiding provide temporary relief, but fail to manage this pest on a sustained basis. we explored the use of cold aerosol foggers and misting machines for area-wide applications of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (vectobac wdg) as ... | 2014 | 25329314 |
| expression of cry1ab and cry2ab by a polycistronic transgene with a self-cleavage peptide in rice. | insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crystal protein is a major threat to the long-term use of transgenic bt crops. gene stacking is a readily deployable strategy to delay the development of insect resistance while it may also broaden insecticidal spectrum. here, we report the creation of transgenic rice expressing discrete cry1ab and cry2ab simultaneously from a single expression cassette using 2a self-cleaving peptides, which are autonomous elements from virus guiding the polycistr ... | 2014 | 25333312 |
| bt toxin modification for enhanced efficacy. | insect-specific toxins derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) provide a valuable resource for pest suppression. here we review the different strategies that have been employed to enhance toxicity against specific target species including those that have evolved resistance to bt, or to modify the host range of bt crystal (cry) and cytolytic (cyt) toxins. these strategies include toxin truncation, modification of protease cleavage sites, domain swapping, site-directed mutagenesis, peptide additi ... | 2014 | 25340556 |
| gene expression patterns and sequence polymorphisms associated with mosquito resistance to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis toxins. | despite the intensive use of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) toxins for mosquito control, little is known about the long term effect of exposure to this cocktail of toxins on target mosquito populations. in contrast to the many cases of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins observed in other insects, there is no evidence so far for bti resistance evolution in field mosquito populations. high fitness costs measured in a bti selected mosquito laboratory strain suggest that evolv ... | 2014 | 25341495 |