Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| bacillus anthracis and bacillus subtilis spore surface properties and transport. | effective decontamination of environments contaminated by bacillus spores remains a significant challenge since bacillus spores are highly resistant to killing and could plausibly adhere to many non-biological as well as biological surfaces. decontamination of bacillus spores can be significantly improved if the chemical basis of spore adherence is understood. in this research, we investigated the surface adhesive properties of bacillus subtilis and bacillus anthracis spores. the spore thermodyn ... | 2010 | 20074921 |
| anthrax toxin triggers the activation of src-like kinases to mediate its own uptake. | ab-type toxins, like other bacterial toxins, are notably opportunistic molecules. they rely on target cell receptors to reach the appropriate location within the target cell where translocation of their enzymatic subunits occurs. the anthrax toxin, however, times its own uptake, suggesting that toxin binding triggers specific signaling events. here we show that the anthrax toxin triggers tyrosine phosphorylation of its own receptors, capillary morphogenesis gene 2 and tumor endothelial marker 8, ... | 2010 | 20080640 |
| evaluation of surface sampling techniques for collection of bacillus spores on common drinking water pipe materials. | drinking water utilities may face biological contamination of the distribution system from a natural incident or deliberate contamination. determining the extent of contamination or the efficacy of decontamination is a challenge, because it may require sampling of the wetted surfaces of distribution infrastructure. this study evaluated two sampling techniques that utilities might use to sample exhumed pipe sections. polyvinyl chloride (pvc), cement-lined ductile iron, and ductile iron pipe coupo ... | 2010 | 20082033 |
| [anthrax meningoencephalitis: a case report and review of turkish literature]. | the incidence of anthrax is decreasing in turkey, however, it is still endemic in some regions of the country. although central nervous system involvement is rare in cases with anthrax, high mortality rates are significant. here, we report a 46-years old woman who was anthrax meningoencephalitis. the patient was from yozgat located in central anatolia, turkey. her history revealed that following peeling the skin of sheeps and consuming their meat a week ago, a lesion developed in her left forear ... | 2009 | 20084923 |
| preliminary case report of fatal anthrax in an injecting drug user in north-rhine-westphalia, germany, december 2009. | a fatal case of anthrax occurred in an injecting drug user in germany, in december 2009. a potential link to similar cases in scotland in the same time period is currently under investigation. | 2010 | 20085693 |
| an outbreak of infection with bacillus anthracis in injecting drug users in scotland. | an investigation is currently underway to explore and control an outbreak of bacillus anthracis among drug users (mainly injecting) in scotland. contaminated heroin or a contaminated cutting agent mixed with the heroin is considered to be the most likely source and vehicle of infection. heroin users have been advised of the risk. the risk to the general public is regarded as very low. | 2010 | 20085694 |
| transcriptome dysregulation by anthrax lethal toxin plays a key role in induction of human endothelial cell cytotoxicity. | we have investigated how bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (lt) triggers caspase-3 activation and the formation of thick actin cables in human endothelial cells. by dna array analysis we show that lt has a major impact on the cell transcriptome and we identify key host genes involved in lt cytotoxic effects. indeed, upregulation of trail and downregulation of xiap both participate in lt-induced caspase-3 activation. lt induces a downregulation of the immediate early gene and master regulator of tr ... | 2010 | 20088950 |
| lamp using a disposable pocket warmer for anthrax detection, a highly mobile and reliable method for anti-bioterrorism. | a quick, reliable detection system is necessary to deal with bioterrorism. loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is a dna amplification method that can amplify specific dna fragments in isothermal conditions. we developed a new highly mobile and practical lamp anthrax detection system that uses a disposable pocket warmer without the need for electricity (pocket-warmer lamp). in our tests, the detection limit of the pocket-warmer lamp was 1,000 copies of bacillus anthracis pag and capb ge ... | 2010 | 20093760 |
| effects of l-alanine and inosine germinants on the elasticity of bacillus anthracis spores. | the surface of dormant bacillus anthracis spores consists of a multilayer of protein coats and a thick peptidoglycan layer that allow the cells to resist chemical and environmental insults. during germination, the spore coat is degraded, making the spore susceptible to chemical inactivation by antisporal agents as well as to mechanical inactivation by high-pressure or mechanical abrasion processes. while chemical changes during germination, especially the release of the germination marker, dipic ... | 2010 | 20095533 |
| two-photon luminescence imaging of bacillus spores using peptide-functionalized gold nanorods. | bacillus subtilis spores (a simulant of bacillus anthracis) have been imaged by two-photon luminescence (tpl) microscopy, using gold nanorods (gnrs) functionalized with a cysteine-terminated homing peptide. control experiments using a peptide with a scrambled amino acid sequence confirmed that the gnr targeting was highly selective for the spore surfaces. the high sensitivity of tpl combined with the high affinity of the peptide labels enables spores to be detected with high fidelity using gnrs ... | 2008 | 20098661 |
| [doxycycline]. | doxycycline is a semi-synthetic derivative of tetracycline family exhibiting an interesting pharmacokinetic profile since no dosage adjustment is required for renal failure. doxycycline displays good bacteriostatic activity against most bacteria as well as anti-inflammatory activity. bacterial resistance is mainly acquired. many infectious diseases can be treated with doxycycline including brucellosis, pasteurellosis, borreliosis, rickettsioses, trepanomatosis, cholera, leptospirosis, q fever, p ... | 2009 | 20099667 |
| identification of ciprofloxacin resistance by simpleprobe, high resolution melt and pyrosequencing nucleic acid analysis in biothreat agents: bacillus anthracis, yersinia pestis and francisella tularensis. | the potential for genetic modification of biological warfare agents makes rapid identification of antibiotic resistant strains critical for the implementation of suitable infection control measures. the fluorinated quinolone, ciprofloxacin, is an antibiotic effective for treating bacterial infections by inhibiting the enzyme activity of the dna type ii topoisomerases dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv. the genes that encode the subunits of dna gyrase (gyra and gyrb) and topo iv (par c and pare) con ... | 2010 | 20100564 |
| current and future medical approaches to combat the anthrax threat. | 2010 | 20102155 | |
| pulling the plug on anthrax research: wild horses and "the doctor's dilemma". | 2010 | 20110270 | |
| capsule depolymerase overexpression reduces bacillus anthracis virulence. | capsule depolymerase (capd) is a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and a product of the bacillus anthracis capsule biosynthesis operon. in this study, we examined the effect of modulating capd expression on b. anthracis capsule phenotype, interaction with phagocytic cells and virulence in guinea pigs. transcriptional fusions of capd were made to the genes encoding heat-shock protein 60 (hsp60) and elongation factor tu (eftu), and to capa, a b. anthracis capsule biosynthesis gene. translation signals ... | 2010 | 20110296 |
| prevalence of bacillus anthracis-like organisms and bacteriophages in the intestinal tract of the earthworm eisenia fetida. | stable infection of bacillus anthracis laboratory strains with environmental bacteriophages confers survival phenotypes in soil and earthworm intestinal niches (r. schuch and v. a. fischetti, plos one 4:e6532, 2009). here, the natural occurrence of two such b. anthracis-infective bacteriophages, wip1 and wip4, was examined in the intestines of eisenia fetida earthworms as part of a 6-year longitudinal study at a pennsylvania forest site. the wip1 tectivirus was initially dominant before being su ... | 2010 | 20118353 |
| [selected research problems of anthrax vaccine development]. | the threat of bioterrorism with b. anthracis against civilian population is one of major concern. after successful bioterroristic attack in 2001 in us renewed research interest has prompted in the development of new and more effective vaccine against anthrax. there are two licensed vaccines against anthrax--ava-bio-thrax us and uk--sterile culture filtrate prepared by alum precipitation. both vaccines are based on pa antigen. there are several concerns regarding pa based vaccines. they require s ... | 2009 | 20120948 |
| anthrax outbreak in a swedish beef cattle herd--1st case in 27 years: case report. | after 27 years with no detected cases, an outbreak of anthrax occurred in a beef cattle herd in the south of sweden. the outbreak was unusual as it occurred in winter, in animals not exposed to meat-and-bone meal, in a non-endemic country. the affected herd consisted of 90 animals, including calves and young stock. the animals were kept in a barn on deep straw bedding and fed only roughage. seven animals died during 10 days, with no typical previous clinical signs except fever. the carcasses wer ... | 2010 | 20122147 |
| cd1d-dependent b-cell help by nk-like t cells leads to enhanced and sustained production of bacillus anthracis lethal toxin-neutralizing antibodies. | the current bacillus anthracis vaccine consists largely of protective antigen (pa), the protein of anthrax toxin that mediates entry of edema factor (ef) or lethal factor (lf) into cells. pa induces protective antibody (ab)-mediated immunity against bacillus anthracis but has limited efficacy and duration. we previously demonstrated that activation of cd1d-restricted natural killer-like t cells (nkt) with a cd1d-binding glycolipid led to enhanced ab titers specific for foreign antigen (ag). we t ... | 2010 | 20123711 |
| the role of heterologous chloroplast sequence elements in transgene integration and expression. | heterologous regulatory elements and flanking sequences have been used in chloroplast transformation of several crop species, but their roles and mechanisms have not yet been investigated. nucleotide sequence identity in the photosystem ii protein d1 (psba) upstream region is 59% across all taxa; similar variation was consistent across all genes and taxa examined. secondary structure and predicted gibbs free energy values of the psba 5' untranslated region (utr) among different families reflecte ... | 2010 | 20130101 |
| rapid field detection assays for bacillus anthracis, brucella spp., francisella tularensis and yersinia pestis. | rapid detection is essential for timely initiation of medical post-exposure prophylactic measures in the event of intentional release of biological threat agents. we compared real-time pcr assay performance between the applied biosystems 7300/7500 and the razor instruments for specific detection of the causative agents of anthrax, brucellosis, tularemia and plague. furthermore, an assay detecting bacillus thuringiensis, a bacillus anthracis surrogate, was developed for field-training purposes. a ... | 2011 | 20132255 |
| nano aptasensor for protective antigen toxin of anthrax. | we demonstrate a highly sensitive nano aptasensor for anthrax toxin through the detection of its polypeptide entity, protective antigen (pa toxin) using a pa toxin ssdna aptamer functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (swnts) device. the aptamer was developed in-house by capillary electrophoresis systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (ce-selex) and had a dissociation constant (k(d)) of 112 nm. the aptasensor displayed a wide dynamic range spanning up to 800 nm with a de ... | 2010 | 20136122 |
| [development of a universal primers pcr-coupled liquid bead array to detect biothreat bacteria]. | to develop a fast, high-throughput screening method with suspension array technique for simultaneous detection of biothreat bacteria. | 2009 | 20137470 |
| the overlap of small molecule and protein binding sites within families of protein structures. | protein-protein interactions are challenging targets for modulation by small molecules. here, we propose an approach that harnesses the increasing structural coverage of protein complexes to identify small molecules that may target protein interactions. specifically, we identify ligand and protein binding sites that overlap upon alignment of homologous proteins. of the 2,619 protein structure families observed to bind proteins, 1,028 also bind small molecules (250-1000 da), and 197 exhibit a sta ... | 2010 | 20140189 |
| three-dimensional structure of the anthrax toxin pore inserted into lipid nanodiscs and lipid vesicles. | a major goal in understanding the pathogenesis of the anthrax bacillus is to determine how the protective antigen (pa) pore mediates translocation of the enzymatic components of anthrax toxin across membranes. to obtain structural insights into this mechanism, we constructed pa-pore membrane complexes and visualized them by using negative-stain electron microscopy. two populations of pa pores were visualized in membranes, vesicle-inserted and nanodisc-inserted, allowing us to reconstruct two vir ... | 2010 | 20142512 |
| type-iia secreted phospholipase a2 is an endogenous antibiotic-like protein of the host. | type-iia secreted phospholipase a(2) (spla(2)-iia) has been proposed to play a role in the development of inflammatory diseases. it has been shown to release arachidonic acid, the precursor of proinflammatory eicosanoids, to hydrolyze phospholipids of pulmonary surfactant, and to bind to specific receptors located on cell surface membranes. however, the most established biological role of spla(2)-iia is related to its potent bactericidal property in particular toward gram-positive bacteria. this ... | 2010 | 20144678 |
| pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic assessment of faropenem in a lethal murine bacillus anthracis inhalation postexposure prophylaxis model. | there are few options for prophylaxis after exposure to bacillus anthracis, especially in children and women of childbearing potential. faropenem is a beta-lactam in the penem subclass that is being developed as an oral prodrug, faropenem medoxomil, for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. faropenem was shown to have in vitro activity against b. anthracis strains that variably express the bla1 beta-lactamase (mic range, <or=0.06 to 1 microg/ml). in this study we evaluated the pharmacok ... | 2010 | 20145081 |
| a tnf-like trimeric lectin domain from burkholderia cenocepacia with specificity for fucosylated human histo-blood group antigens. | the opportunistic pathogen burkholderia cenocepacia expresses several soluble lectins, among them bc2l-c. this lectin exhibits two domains: a c-terminal domain with high sequence similarity to the recently described calcium-dependent mannose-binding lectin bc2l-a, and an n-terminal domain of 156 amino acids without similarity to any known protein. the recombinant n-terminal bc2l-c domain is a new lectin with specificity for fucosylated human histo-blood group epitopes h-type 1, lewis b, and lewi ... | 2010 | 20152153 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of botulinum neurotoxin a protease inhibitors. | nsc 240898 was previously identified as a botulinum neurotoxin a light chain (bont/a lc) endopeptidase inhibitor by screening the national cancer institute open repository diversity set. two types of analogues have been synthesized and shown to inhibit bont/a lc in a fret-based enzyme assay, with confirmation in an hplc-based assay. these two series of compounds have also been evaluated for inhibition of anthrax lethal factor (lf), an unrelated metalloprotease, to examine enzyme specificity of t ... | 2010 | 20155918 |
| heroin contaminated with anthrax has killed 11 people. | 2010 | 20156915 | |
| synthesis and in vitro efficacy studies of silver carbene complexes on biosafety level 3 bacteria. | a series of n-heterocyclic carbene silver complexes have been synthesized and tested against the select group of bio-safety level 3 bacteria burkholderia pseudomallei, burkholderia mallei, bacillus anthracis, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and yersinia pestis. minimal inhibitory concentrations, minimal bactericidal and killing assays demonstrated the exceptional efficacy of the complexes against these potentially weaponizable pathogens. | 2009 | 20160993 |
| role of the gerp operon in germination and outgrowth of bacillus anthracis spores. | germination of bacillus anthracis spores occurs when nutrients such as amino acids or purine nucleosides stimulate specific germinant receptors located in the spore inner membrane. the gerp(abcdef) operon has been suggested to play a role in facilitating the interaction between germinants and their receptors in spores of bacillus subtilis and bacillus cereus. b. anthracis mutants containing deletions in each of the six genes belonging to the orthologue of the gerp(abcdef) operon, or deletion of ... | 2010 | 20161744 |
| evaluation of substituted triazol-1-yl-pyrimidines as inhibitors of bacillus anthracis acetohydroxyacid synthase. | acetohydroxyacid synthase (ahas), a potential target for antimicrobial agents, catalyzes the first common step in the biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids. the genes of both catalytic and regulatory subunits of ahas from bacillus anthracis (bantx), a causative agent of anthrax, were cloned, overexpressed in escherichia coli, and purified to homogeneity. to develop novel anti-anthracis drugs that inhibit ahas, a chemical library was screened, and four chemicals, avs2087, avs2093, avs238 ... | 2010 | 20170757 |
| landscape with dead sheep: what they did to gruinard island. 2002. | 2009 | 20178200 | |
| a semisynthesis platform for investigating structure-function relationships in the n-terminal domain of the anthrax lethal factor. | many bacterial toxins act by covalently altering molecular targets within the cytosol of mammalian cells and therefore must transport their catalytic moieties across a membrane. the protective-antigen (pa) moiety of anthrax toxin forms multimeric pores that transport the two enzymatic moieties, the lethal factor (lf) and the edema factor, across the endosomal membrane to the cytosol. the homologous pa-binding domains of these enzymes contain n-terminal segments of highly charged amino acids that ... | 2010 | 20180595 |
| epitope-cavities generated by molecularly imprinted films measure the coincident response to anthrax protective antigen and its segments. | a molecularly imprinted film was fabricated, in the presence of epitope-peptides, onto a quartz crystal microbalance (qcm) chip. these five peptides are known linear or conformational epitopes of the anthrax protective antigen pa(83). imprinting resulted in an epitope-cavity with affinity for the corresponding template. with the use of a basic monomer, the binding-effect was further enhanced increasing the affinity to nanomolar levels. the affinities of the peptide to their corresponding molecul ... | 2010 | 20184289 |
| evaluation of bacillus anthracis and yersinia pestis sample collection from nonporous surfaces by quantitative real-time pcr. | we will validate sample collection methods for recovery of microbial evidence in the event of accidental or intentional release of biological agents into the environment. | 2010 | 20184669 |
| two cases of gastrointestinal anthrax with an unusual presentation from kermanshah (western iran). | during 1988-1994 a total of 38 cases of human anthrax were admitted to sina hospital in kermanshah (western iran). there were two cases of gastrointestinal anthrax (5.3%) with culture positive ascitic fluid. among the many reported gastrointestinal signs and symptoms, unexpectedly one of our patients had only vomiting and ascites whereas the other case had only ascites. neither had abdominal pain, tenderness, diarrhea, hematemesis, melena, or other expected signs and symptoms of anthrax. therefo ... | 2010 | 20187673 |
| preparedness for anthrax attack: the effect of knowledge on the willingness to treat patients. | little is known about the factors that may impact on the willingness of physicians and nurses to treat patients during a bioterrorism attack. this survey was conducted among 76 randomly selected nurses and physicians in the emergency rooms of three public hospitals in order to analyse the relationship between knowledge, profession and the willingness to treat anthrax. the study finds that the willingness of physicians and nurses to come to work is 50% greater among the group with the highest kno ... | 2010 | 20187905 |
| snr analysis: molecular investigation of an anthrax epidemic. | in italy, anthrax is endemic but occurs sporadically. during the summer of 2004, in the pollino national park, basilicata, southern italy, an anthrax epidemic consisting of 41 outbreaks occurred; it claimed the lives of 124 animals belonging to different mammal species. this study is a retrospective molecular epidemiological investigation carried out on 53 isolates collected during the epidemic. a 25-loci multiple locus vntr analysis (mlva) mlva was initially performed to define genetic relation ... | 2010 | 20187980 |
| immunostimulatory cpg oligonucleotides: effect on gene expression and utility as vaccine adjuvants. | synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) containing unmethylated cpg motifs mimic the immunostimulatory activity of bacterial dna. cpg odn directly stimulate b cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdc), promote the production of th1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and trigger the maturation/activation of professional antigen presenting cells. cpg odn are finding use as vaccine adjuvants, where they increase the speed, magnitude and duration of vaccine-specific immune responses. for example, cpg ... | 2010 | 20188247 |
| the role of anthrolysin o in gut epithelial barrier disruption during bacillus anthracis infection. | gastrointestinal (gi) anthrax, caused by the bacterial infection of bacillus anthracis, posts a significant bioterrorism threat by its relatively high mortality rate in humans. different from inhalational anthrax by the route of infection, accumulating evidence indicates the bypass of vegetative bacteria across gi epithelium is required to initiate gi anthrax. previously, we reported that purified anthrolysin o (alo), instead of tripartite anthrax edema and lethal toxins, is capable of disruptin ... | 2010 | 20188700 |
| transport of bacillus anthracis from the lungs to the draining lymph nodes is a rapid process facilitated by cd11c+ cells. | inhalational anthrax is established after inhaled bacillus anthracis spores are transported to the lung associated lymph nodes. dendritic cells (cd11c+ cells) located in the lungs are phagocytes that maintain many capabilities consistent with transport. this study investigates the role of dendritic cells as conduits of spores from the lung to the draining lymph nodes. the intratracheally spore-challenged mouse model of inhalational anthrax was utilized to investigate in vivo activities of cd11c+ ... | 2010 | 20188814 |
| exclusion of kif1c as a candidate gene for anthrax toxin susceptibility. | different strains of mice possess varying degrees of susceptibility to anthrax lethal toxin (lt). previous studies have suggested a responsible locus ltxs1 that contains 10 or more known genes, but functional relevance has been reported for two genes, kif1c and nalp1b. in this study, we attempted to determine the involvement of kif1c in anthrax susceptibility using kif1c knockout mice. we established kif1c knockout mice with lt-sensitive 129/sv-derived embryonic stem cells followed by 13 backcro ... | 2010 | 20188815 |
| national validation study of a swab protocol for the recovery of bacillus anthracis spores from surfaces. | twelve laboratory response network (lrn) affiliated laboratories participated in a validation study of a macrofoam swab protocol for the recovery, detection, and quantification of viable b. anthracis (ba) sterne spores from steel surfaces. cdc personnel inoculated steel coupons (26cm(2)) with 1-4 log(10) ba spores and recovered them by sampling with pre-moistened macrofoam swabs. phase 1 (p1) of the study evaluated swabs containing ba only, while dust and background organisms were added to swabs ... | 2010 | 20193714 |
| most-probable-number rapid viability pcr method to detect viable spores of bacillus anthracis in swab samples. | a comparison of most-probable-number rapid viability (mpn rv) pcr and traditional culture methods for the quantification of bacillus anthracis sterne spores in macrofoam swabs from a multi-center validation study was performed. the purpose of the study was to compare environmental swab processing methods for recovery, detection, and quantification of viable b. anthracis spores from surfaces. results show that spore numbers provided by the mpn rv-pcr method were typically within 1-log of the valu ... | 2010 | 20193716 |
| anthrax lethal toxin impairs cd1d-mediated antigen presentation by targeting the extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. | lethal toxin (lt) is a critical virulence factor of bacillus anthracis and an important means by which this bacterium evades the host's immune system. in this study, we demonstrate that cd1d-expressing cells treated with lt have reduced cd1d-mediated antigen presentation. we earlier showed an important role for the mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (erk1/2) in the regulation of cd1d-mediated antigen presentation, and we report here that lt impairs antigen ... | 2010 | 20194602 |
| selective and potent furin inhibitors protect cells from anthrax without significant toxicity. | furin and related proprotein convertases cleave the multibasic motifs r-x-r/k/x-r in the precursor proteins and, as a result, transform the latent proproteins into biologically active proteins and peptides. furin is present both in the intracellular secretory pathway and at the cell surface. intracellular furin processes its multiple normal cellular targets in the golgi and secretory vesicle compartments while cell-surface furin appears to be essential only for the processing of certain pathogen ... | 2010 | 20197107 |
| a universal, fully automated high throughput screening assay for pyrophosphate and phosphate release from enzymatic reactions. | the malachite green assay is often used for measuring the presence of inorganic mono-phosphate concentrations. some studies have adapted this assay for use in monitoring enzymatic reactions and have suggested its potential use in high throughput screening (hts). with the increasing availability of laboratory automation, some studies are starting to explore the possibility of conducting limited, semi-automated versions of the assay. here we report the optimization and complete adaptation of the m ... | 2010 | 20201823 |
| vaccination, squalene and anti-squalene antibodies: facts or fiction? | squalene, a hydrocarbon obtained for commercial purposes primarily from shark liver oil and other botanic sources, is increasingly used as an immunologic adjuvant in several vaccines, including seasonal and the novel influenza a (h1n1) 2009 pandemic flu vaccines. nearly a decade ago, squalene was supposed to be the experimental anthrax vaccine ingredient that caused the onset of persian gulf war syndrome in many veterans, since antibodies to squalene were detected in the blood of most patients a ... | 2010 | 20206873 |
| natural exposure to cutaneous anthrax gives long-lasting t cell immunity encompassing infection-specific epitopes. | there has been a long history of defining t cell epitopes to track viral immunity and to design rational vaccines, yet few data of this type exist for bacterial infections. bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is both an endemic pathogen in many regions and a potential biological warfare threat. t cell immunity in naturally infected anthrax patients has not previously been characterized, which is surprising given concern about the ability of anthrax toxins to subvert or ablate ada ... | 2010 | 20208010 |
| raman spectroscopy-compatible inactivation method for pathogenic endospores. | micro-raman spectroscopy is a fast and sensitive tool for the detection, classification, and identification of biological organisms. the vibrational spectrum inherently serves as a fingerprint of the biochemical composition of each bacterium and thus makes identification at the species level, or even the subspecies level, possible. therefore, microorganisms in areas susceptible to bacterial contamination, e.g., clinical environments or food-processing technology, can be sensed. within the scope ... | 2010 | 20208030 |
| us biodefense contracts continue to lure biotechs. | 2010 | 20212465 | |
| soluble expression and purification of the anthrax protective antigen in e. coli and identification of a novel dominant-negative mutant n435c. | the anthrax toxin is an ab-type bacterium toxin composed of the protective antigen (pa) as the cell-binding b component, and the lethal factor (lf) and edema toxin (ef) as the catalytic a components. the pa component is a key factor in anthrax-related research and recombinant pa can be produced in general in escherichia coli. however, such recombinant pa always forms inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of e. coli, making difficult the procedure of its purification. in this study, we found that the ... | 2010 | 20213183 |
| trp-26 imparts functional versatility to human alpha-defensin hnp1. | we performed a comprehensive alanine scan of human alpha-defensin hnp1 and tested the ability of the resulting analogs to kill staphylococcus aureus, inhibit anthrax lethal factor, and bind human immunodeficiency virus-1 gp120. by far, the most deleterious mutation for all of these functions was w26a. the activities lost by w26a-hnp1 were restored progressively by replacing w26 with non-coded, straight-chain aliphatic amino acids of increasing chain length. the hydrophobicity of residue 26 also ... | 2010 | 20220136 |
| endocytosis of the anthrax toxin is mediated by clathrin, actin and unconventional adaptors. | the anthrax toxin is a tripartite toxin, where the two enzymatic subunits require the third subunit, the protective antigen (pa), to interact with cells and be escorted to their cytoplasmic targets. pa binds to cells via one of two receptors, tem8 and cmg2. interestingly, the toxin times and triggers its own endocytosis, in particular through the heptamerization of pa. here we show that pa triggers the ubiquitination of its receptors in a beta-arrestin-dependent manner and that this step is requ ... | 2010 | 20221438 |
| simultaneous detection of cdc category "a" dna and rna bioterrorism agents by use of multiplex pcr & rt-pcr enzyme hybridization assays. | assays to simultaneously detect multiple potential agents of bioterrorism are limited. two multiplex pcr and rt-pcr enzyme hybridization assays (mpcr-eha, mrt-pcr-eha) were developed to simultaneously detect many of the cdc category "a" bioterrorism agents. the "bio t" dna assay was developed to detect: variola major (vm), bacillus anthracis (ba), yersinia pestis (yp), francisella tularensis (ft) and varicella zoster virus (vzv). the "bio t" rna assay (mrt-pcr-eha) was developed to detect: ebola ... | 2009 | 20224751 |
| the social context shaping bioweapons (non)proliferation. | this article explores the practices behind the creation and transfer of knowledge related to biological weapons (bw) in the former soviet bw program and their implications for understanding bioweapons proliferation. using in-depth interviews collected for an ongoing oral history project of the soviet and u.s. bioweapons programs, this article shows that bw proliferation is a complex issue that involves thus far unrecognized social factors that can shape the production and proliferation of biowea ... | 2010 | 20230229 |
| how to reduce the impact of "low-risk patients" following a bioterrorist incident: lessons from sars, anthrax, and pneumonic plague. | a bioterrorist attack may result in a large number of people who have not been exposed coming to medical facilities in search of treatment or reassurance. in this article, we review evidence from 3 previous biological incidents that are analogous to a bioterrorist attack in order to gauge the likely incidence of such "low-risk patients" and to identify possible strategies for coping with this phenomenon. evidence from the anthrax attacks in the united states suggested that a surge of low-risk pa ... | 2010 | 20230231 |
| comments from the center for biosecurity of upmc on dhs proposed guidance for responders during a wide-area anthrax attack. | 2010 | 20230236 | |
| [expression and neutralizing activity analysis of humanized single-chain antibody against anthrax protective antigen]. | in order to reduce the human anti-mouse antibody (hama) response, anti-anthrax protective antigen scfv-5e1 has been humanized. | 2010 | 20230675 |
| modeling the potential distribution of bacillus anthracis under multiple climate change scenarios for kazakhstan. | anthrax, caused by the bacterium bacillus anthracis, is a zoonotic disease that persists throughout much of the world in livestock, wildlife, and secondarily infects humans. this is true across much of central asia, and particularly the steppe region, including kazakhstan. this study employed the genetic algorithm for rule-set prediction (garp) to model the current and future geographic distribution of bacillus anthracis in kazakhstan based on the a2 and b2 ipcc sres climate change scenarios usi ... | 2010 | 20231894 |
| targeted proteomics approach to species-level identification of bacillus thuringiensis spores by ap-maldi-ms. | anthrax infections progress at a rapid pace, making rapid detection methods of utmost importance. maldi-ms proteomics methods focused on bacillus anthracis detection have targeted chromosomally encoded proteins, which are highly conserved between closely related species, hindering species identification. presented here is an ap-maldi-ms method targeting plasmid-borne proteins from bacillus spores for species-level identification. a bioinformatics analysis revealed that 60.3% and 75.4% of tryptic ... | 2010 | 20236838 |
| [not available]. | 1946 | 20238807 | |
| anthrax in louisiana. | 1947 | 20239254 | |
| [not available]. | 1947 | 20239585 | |
| report of a recent case of anthrax. | 1947 | 20241516 | |
| primary pulmonary anthrax with septicemia. | 1947 | 20241860 | |
| anthrax of the oral cavity. | 1947 | 20242205 | |
| [not available]. | 1947 | 20244390 | |
| [not available]. | 1947 | 20244954 | |
| [not available]. | 1946 | 20245913 | |
| [rubiazol in a case of anthrax of the neck]. | 1946 | 20246580 | |
| [not available]. | 1946 | 20247493 | |
| treatment of bovine anthrax with penicillin. | 1947 | 20249437 | |
| [not available]. | 1947 | 20253518 | |
| the potential pathogenicity of bacillus cereus and its relationship to bacillus anthracis. | 1947 | 20255154 | |
| [not available]. | 1947 | 20255426 | |
| [not available]. | 1947 | 20257442 | |
| [not available]. | 1947 | 20257708 | |
| [not available]. | 1947 | 20258299 | |
| [not available]. | 1947 | 20258773 | |
| [not available]. | 1947 | 20258774 | |
| [not available]. | 1947 | 20259548 | |
| anthrax among cattle, a clinical investigation of an outbreak with special reference to the subacute form. | 1947 | 20262412 | |
| blackleg immunity. | 1947 | 20264432 | |
| sulphanilamide in anthrax. | 1947 | 20264920 | |
| anthrax meningitis; report of a case of internal anthrax with recovery. | 1947 | 20265750 | |
| penicillin and b-anthracis. | 1947 | 20266354 | |
| effect of shock-producing substances on experimental anthrax infection in mice. | 1947 | 20266355 | |
| penicillin in the treatment of human anthrax. | 1947 | 20269821 | |
| [not available]. | 1947 | 20270547 | |
| the relative effectiveness of pure penicillins against bacillus anthracis in vitro and in vivo. | 1947 | 20272341 | |
| the use of sulfadiazine and penicillin for treatment of experimental anthrax. | 1946 | 20273892 | |
| effect of subtilin on the course of experimental anthrax infections in guinea pigs. | 1946 | 20274254 | |
| [use of chloramine with ammoniac as an activator for disinfection of wool infected with anthrax]. | 1945 | 20275141 | |
| recovery of viable anthrax spores from vapors of heated anthrax spore suspensions and from the distillate from anthrax spore suspensions. | 1946 | 20275304 | |
| respiratory pathogenicity of bacillus anthracis spores; methods of study and observations on pathogenesis. | 1946 | 20278392 | |
| respiratory pathogenicity of bacillus anthracis spores; genetic variation in respiratory pathogenicity and invasiveness of colonial variants of b. anthracis. | 1946 | 20278393 | |
| respiratory pathogenicity of bacillus anthracis spores; changes in pathogenicity due to nutritional modifications. | 1946 | 20278394 |