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salt sensitivity of minimal twin arginine translocases.bacterial twin arginine translocation (tat) pathways have evolved to facilitate transport of folded proteins across membranes. gram-negative bacteria contain a tatabc translocase composed of three subunits named tata, tatb, and tatc. in contrast, the tat translocases of most gram-positive bacteria consist of only tata and tatc subunits. in these minimal tatac translocases, a bifunctional tata subunit fulfils the roles of both tata and tatb. here we have probed the importance of conserved residue ...201122041895
Structure-activity relationship of sphingomyelin analogs with sphingomyelinase from Bacillus cereus.The aim of this study was to examine how structural properties of different sphingomyelin (SM) analogs affected their substrate properties with sphingomyelinase (SMase) from Bacillus cereus. Using molecular docking and dynamics simulations (for SMase-SM complex), we then attempted to explain the relationship between SM structure and enzyme activity. With both micellar and monolayer substrates, 3O-methylated SM was found not to be degraded by the SMase. 2N-methylated SM was a substrate, but was d ...201122044798
[Etiological aspects of acute gastroenteritis--a ten-year review (1.01. 2001-31.12.2010)].Acute gastroentritis is one of the most common diseases in humans, and continues to be a significant cause of morbidity worldwide.201122046776
Exploration of in vitro time point quantitative evaluation of newly synthesized benzimidazole and benzothiazole derivatives as potential antibacterial agents.Present communication deals with the in vitro time point quantitative antibacterial evaluation of newly synthesized 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles (3a-p) and 2-substituted benzothiazoles (5a-h) against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio cholerae, Shigella dysenteriae and Escherichia coli. These compounds were synthesized under mild reaction conditions using Al(2)O(3)-Fe(2)O(3) nanocrystals as heterogeneous catalyst. Bio-evaluation s ...201122047695
diversity and toxigenicity among members of the bacillus cereus group.members of the bacillus cereus group were isolated from rice products by centrifugation-plating and conventional spread-plating methods. random amplified polymorphic dna-polymerase chain reaction (rapd-pcr) results showed broad diversity among the strains and revealed some associations among isolates from raw and cooked rice samples, at the genotypic level. a comparatively greater diversity among strains was observed in isolates from raw rice than those from cooked rice and, generally, the rapd ...201222056144
bacterial populations associated with meat from the deboning room of a high throughput red meat abattoir.developing countries are faced with high incidences of food poisoning outbreaks, with obvious economic consequences. in highly perishable foodstuffs such as fresh red meat the threat of food poisoning is particularly intense. in this study, red meat samples were collected from a deboning room of a high throughput abattoir. the samples were analysed for the presence of bacillus cereus., staphylococcus aureus., pseudomonas spp., listeria monocytogenes., escherichia coli and salmonella spp. the aer ...200422060877
production of bacteriocin-like metabolites by lactic acid cultures isolated from sucuk samples.a total of 51 sucuk samples, obtained from different regions of turkey, were examined for lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains producing putative bacteriocin-like metabolites. for detection of antagonistic activity, agar spot and well diffusion assay tests were used. lactobacillus sake lb790, listeria monocytogenes li6, staphylococcus aureus st44 and escherichia coli nrrl b-3704 were used as indicator organisms. strains having antimicrobial activity were also tested against clostridium perfringens ...200022060908
bacteriological safety issues in red meat and ready-to-eat meat products, as well as control measures.the importance of eschericha coli o157, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium dt104 as meat-borne pathogens is well established. pathogenic bacteria such as aeromonas spp., arcobacter spp., psychrotrophic bacillus cereus, campylobacter spp., clostridium botulinum and non-invasive listeria monocytogenes can be regarded as rookies, but not yet firmly associated with today's production of red meat and meat products. the development of pcr and other dna-based techniques will shed new lig ...200222061614
presensitization of microorganisms by acid treatments to low dose gamma irradiation with special reference to bacillus cereus.effect of acid presensitization to low dose gamma irradiation on bacillus cereus in sheep/goat meat stored at refrigeration temperature was assessed. food grade organic acids (viz. propionic, lactic and acetic acids) were used as presensitizers followed by treatment with 1, 2 and 3 kgy irradiation doses (co(60)). two percent acetic acid plus 3 kgy irradiation elicited most effective to lower the total viable count and b. cereus count. combination of treatments availed to reduce the dose required ...200122062253
production, secretion and biological activity of bacillus cereus enterotoxins.bacillus cereus behaves as an opportunistic pathogen frequently causing gastrointestinal diseases, and it is increasingly recognized to be responsible for severe local or systemic infections. pathogenicity of b. cereus mainly relies on the secretion of a wide array of toxins and enzymes and also on the ability to undergo swarming differentiation in response to surface-sensing. in this report, the pathogenicity exerted by b. cereus toxins is described with particular attention to the regulatory m ...201022069656
Global transcriptome analysis of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 in response to silver nitrate stress.ABSTRACT: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using Bacillus cereus strains. Earlier, we had synthesized monodispersive crystalline silver nanoparticles using B. cereus PGN1 and ATCC14579 strains. These strains have showed high level of resistance to silver nitrate (1 mM) but their global transcriptomic response has not been studied earlier. In this study, we investigated the cellular and metabolic response of B. cereus ATCC14579 treated with 1 mM silver nitrate for 30 & 60 min. Global ...201122071005
metal complexes of diisopropylthiourea: synthesis, characterization and antibacterial studies.co(ii), cu(ii), zn(ii) and fe(iii) complexes of diisopropylthiourea have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, ftir and electronic spectroscopy. the compounds are non-electrolytes in solution and spectroscopic data of the complexes are consistent with 4-coordinate geometry for the metal(ii) complexes and six coordinate octahedral for fe(iii) complex. the complexes were screened for their antibacterial activities against six bacteri ...201122072941
bacillus cereus from blood cultures: virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility and risk factors for blood stream infection.we characterized the profiles of virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacillus cereus isolates from blood cultures as well as the risk factors for blood stream infections (bsis). the diversity of virulence gene patterns was found to be wide among 15 b. cereus isolates from bsis and also among 11 isolates from contaminated blood cultures. the microscan broth microdilution method yielded results corresponding with those of the agar dilution (reference) method for levofloxacin, linez ...201122077223
Diagnostic properties of three conventional selective plating media for selection of Bacillus cereus, B. thuringiensis and B. weihenstephanensis.The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic properties of the two selective plating media and a chromogenic medium for identification of Bacillus cereus. The 324 isolates were B. cereus (37%), Bacillus weihenstephanensis (45%) or Bacillus thuringiensis (18%), as identified by a new combination of techniques. All isolates were growing on mannitol-egg yolk-polymyxin agar (MYP), and they did not form acid from mannitol. However, a significant lower number of B. thuringiensis isolates did not ...201122083787
prevalence of bacillus cereus and associated risk factors in chinese-style fried rice available in the city of colombo, sri lanka.abstract the present study aimed to assess the prevalence of bacillus cereus and its associated risk factors in chinese-style fried rice available in colombo city. in 200 samples of fried rice the prevalence of b. cereus was 56%. the prevalence by variety of fried rice was chicken (20.0%), vegetable (18.0%), seafood (10.0%), egg (5.0%), mixed (2.0%), and beef (1.0%). of analyzed samples, 28 (14%) had colony counts >10(6) colony forming units per gram (cfu/g), the infectious dose for b. cereus ...201122085218
The use of a porcine intestinal cell model system for evaluating the food safety risk of Bacillus cereus probiotics and the implications for assessing enterotoxigenicity.The use of porcine intestinal cell lines in assessing toxicity of Bacillus cereus probiotics in conjunction with animal challenge trials with toxigenic B. cereus was investigated. Toxigenic and toxin deletion mutants of B. cereus and two probiotic strains (Paciflor and Toyocerin) were examined for bacterial attachment, cytotoxicity and ability to induce nitric oxide as markers of toxicity. Both cytotoxicity and production of nitric oxide were detected in wild-type toxigenic strains and the Pacif ...201122085364
Impact of solvent/detergent treatment of plasma on transfusion-relevant bacteria.Background A solvent/detergent (S/D) treatment in a medical device has been developed for pathogen reduction of plasma for transfusion. Impact of S/D on bacterial growth and on the capacity of complement to kill bacteria has been investigated in this study. Study design and methods A pool of apheresis plasma from four donors was spiked with eight transfusion-relevant bacteria. Plasma was treated with 1% tri(n-butyl) phosphate and 1% Triton X-45 at 31°C for 90 min and then extracted by oil at 3 ...201122092109
Gram-positive bacteria on grass pollen exhibit adjuvant activity inducing inflammatory T cell responses.Recently, it has been established that pollen grains contain Th2-enhancing activities besides allergens.201122092824
Rapid detection of vip1-type genes from Bacillus cereus and characterization of a novel vip binary toxin gene.A PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method for identifying vegetative insecticidal protein (vip) 1-type genes from Bacillus cereus was developed by designing specific primers based on the conserved regions of the genes to amplify vip1-type gene fragments. PCR products were digested with endonuclease AciI, and four known vip1-type genes were identified. Vip1Ac and vip1Aa-type genes appeared in 17 of 26 B. cereus strains. A novel vip1-type gene, vip1Ac1, was identified from B ...201122092859
[Influence of predominant aerobic bacteria isolated from different healthy animals on daidzein biotransforming capacity by co-culture with different daidzein biotransforming bacteria].To investigate the influence of isolated predominant aerobic bacteria on daidzein biotransformation capacity by co-culture with daidzein biotransforming bacteria.201122097769
interspecies interaction of signal peptide papr secreted by bacillus cereus and its effect on production of antimicrobial peptide.this study was carried out to investigate the interspecies interaction of papr peptide secreted by bacillus cereus on production of bsap-254, an antimicrobial peptide produced by bacillus subtilis sc-8 isolated from the korean fermented soybean paste and exhibited narrow antagonistic activity against the b. cereus group, but not against other foodborne pathogens. papr is a signal peptide that activates plcr, which is a pleiotropic regulator controlling the expression of various virulence factors ...201122101448
Monoclonal Antibodies Neutralize Bacillus cereus Nhe Enterotoxin by Inhibiting Ordered Binding of Its Three Exoprotein Components.The Nhe enterotoxin from Bacillus cereus is known to induce cytotoxicity on Vero and CaCo-2 cells by ordered binding of its single components NheA, NheB and NheC. This study aimed to elucidate functional sites on NheB by identifying the epitopes of the neutralizing monoclonal antibodies 1E11 and 2B11. The binding regions of both antibodies were determined by using recombinant NheB fragments and synthetic peptides. The antigenic site of antibody 1E11 was located within the amino acids 321 to 341 ...201122104106
antibacterial activity of water-soluble extract from pine needles of cedrus deodara.the antibacterial activity of water-soluble extract from pine needles of cedrus deodara (wec) was evaluated on five food-borne bacteria, and its related mechanism was investigated by transmission electron microscope. in vitro antibacterial assay showed that wec possesses a remarkable antibacterial activity against tested food-borne bacteria including escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and bacillus cereus, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) a ...201122104118
a new depsidone and antibacterial activities of compounds from usnea undulata stirton.usnea undulata stirton (usneaaceae) is a fruticose lichen used locally in ethnoveterinary medicine to treat mammary infections in cattle while human beings use it for the treatment of wounds in eastern cape, south africa. bioactivity-guided fractionation of its extracts led to the isolation and characterization of a new depsidone, 2'-o-methylhypostictic acid (8), together with seven known compounds, i.e. methyl β-orsellinate (1), norstictic acid (2), menegazziaic acid (3), (+) usnic acid (4), hy ...201122115039
Native Valve Bacillus cereus Endocarditis in a Non-IV Drug Abusing Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Bacillus cereus is a rare cause of endocarditis, typically associated with intravenous drug abuse, rheumatic heart disease, prosthetic heart valves, pacemakers, or immunodeficiency. We present the first case of native valve Bacillus cereus endocarditis with no apparent risk factors. The patient had a fulminant course requiring emergent valve replacement.201122116159
Bacillus and relatives in foodborne illness.Species of Bacillus and related genera have long been troublesome to food producers on account of their resistant endospores. These organisms have undergone huge taxonomic changes in the last 30 years, with numbers of genera and species now standing at 56 and over 545, respectively. Despite this expansion, relatively few new species have been isolated from infections, few are associated with food and no important new agents of foodborne illness have been reported. What has changed is our knowled ...201122121830
Seagrass as a potential source of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.Context: Halophila spp. is a strong medicine against malaria and skin diseases and is found to be very effective in early stages of leprosy. Seagrasses are nutraceutical in nature and therefore of importance as food supplements. Objective: The antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of Halophila ovalis R. Br. Hooke (Hydrocharitaceae) methanol extract were investigated and the chemical constituents of purified fractions were analyzed. Materials and methods: Plant material ...201122129224
n-acyl-homoserine lactones from enterobacter sakazakii (cronobacter spp.) and their degradation by bacillus cereus enzymes.a chemical study of acyl-homoserine lactones (acyl-hsls) produced by e. sakazakii resulted in the identification of three molecules: (s)-n-heptanoyl-hsl, (s)-n-dodecanoyl-hsl and (s)-n-tetradecanoyl-hsl. mixed cultures of e. sakazakii and b. cereus depleted e. sakazakii acyl-hsls, suggesting acyl-hsl degradation by b. cereus hydrolases (hydrolysis of the lactone or amide moiety). the expression of b. cereus acyl-hsl lactonase and acyl-homoserine acylase was confirmed by monitoring the biotransfo ...201122132860
Quality Parameters and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Some Mexican Honeys. A total of 14 Mexican honeys were screened for quality parameters including color, moisture, proline, and acidity. Antioxidant properties of complete honey and its methanolic extracts were evaluated by the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of complete honeys against Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, and Sthapylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 was determined. Most of honeys analyzed showed values within qual ...201122133067
chemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial investigations of pinus cembra l. bark and needles.the chemical constituents and biological activity of pinus cembra l. (pinaceae), native to the central european alps and the carpathian mountains, are not well known. the aim of the present work was to examine the phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of hydromethanolic extracts of pinus cembra l. bark and needles. bark extract had higher concentrations of total phenolics (299.3 vs. 78.22 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract), flavonoids (125.3 vs. 19.84 mg catechin equivalents ...201122143542
poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production by bacillus cereus spv using sugarcane molasses as the main carbon source.the main hindrance in the use of polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) as a replacement for existing petroleum-based plastics is their high production cost. the carbon source accounts for 50% of the cost for pha production. thus, increasing the yield and productivity of phas on cheap substrates is an important challenge for biotechnologists to support the commercialization and further applications of these polymers. in this study, we have investigated the use of an agricultural raw material, sugarcane mo ...201122147642
removal of hexavalent chromium in tannery wastewater by bacillus cereus.bacillus cereus was used to remove chromium (cr(vi)) from medium containing tannery wastewater under different conditions. the maximum rate of cr(vi) removal was attained at a temperature of 37 °c, ph of 7.0-9.0, and biomass of 20 g/l when the initial cr(vi) concentration was less than 50 mg/l. under the optimum conditions, the cr(vi) in tannery wastewater was treated with each cellular component of b. cereus to detect its ability to reduce cr(vi). the results showed that the removal rate of cr ...201122149215
nucleic acid recognition by tandem helical repeats.protein domains constructed from tandem α-helical repeats have until recently been primarily associated with protein scaffolds or rna recognition. recent crystal structures of human mitochondrial termination factor mterf1 and bacillus cereus alkylpurine dna glycosylase alkd bound to dna revealed two new superhelical tandem repeat architectures capable of wrapping around the double helix in unique ways. unlike dna sequence recognition motifs that rely mainly on major groove read-out, mterf and al ...201122154606
investigation of microbial safety of a full-scale ozonation and biological activated carbon process under high humidity and temperature conditions.microbial safety of a full-scale ozonation and biological activated carbon (bac) process was investigated by examining pathogens, microbial community and particle counts, with emphasis on the bac effluent. the process is located at south china, where the average humidity and air temperature were 70-80% and 22-24 °c, respectively. a high diversity of microbial community existed on the bac media. three types of dominant bacteria were identified, including chryseobacterium indologenes, bacillus bre ...201122156135
complete genome sequence of bacillus cereus bacteriophage bcp78.bacillus cereus is generally found in soil habitats, and it contaminates a wide variety of foods, causing food poisoning with symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea. to develop a novel biocontrol agent to inhibit this pathogen, bacteriophage bcp78 belonging to the siphoviridae family was isolated from a fermented food sample. here we announce the complete genome sequence of bcp78, which may be useful for understanding its inhibition mechanism against b. cereus, and describe major findings from t ...201222158847
Evolution and some functions of the NprR-NprRB quorum-sensing system in the Bacillus cereus group.Quorum-sensing (QS) is a bacterial mechanism for regulation of gene expression in response to cell density. In Gram-positive bacteria, oligopeptides are the signaling molecules to elicit QS. The RNPP protein family (Rap, NprR, PlcR, and PrgX) are intracellular QS receptors that bind directly to their specific signaling peptide for regulating the transcription of several genes. NprR is the activator of a neutral protease in Bacillus subtilis, and it has been recently related to sporulation, cry g ...201122159892
role of toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 in experimental bacillus cereus endophthalmitis.bacillus cereus causes a uniquely rapid and blinding intraocular infection, endophthalmitis. b. cereus replicates in the eye, synthesizes numerous toxins, and incites explosive intraocular inflammation. the mechanisms involved in the rapid and explosive intraocular immune response have not been addressed. because toll-like receptors (tlrs) are integral to the initial recognition of organisms during infection, we hypothesized that the uniquely explosive immune response observed during b. cereus e ...201122163046
brewer's spent grain: characterization and standardization procedure for the enzymatic hydrolysis by bacillus cereus strain.an important way to reuse agroindustrial by-products and to produce added-value products consists of the production of protein hydrolysates. in the current study, we used brewer's spent grain (bsg), mainly because of its availability and cost, as a substrate for the enzymatic hydrolysis by bacillus cereus. first, the physicochemical and microbiological characterization of bsg batches from three varieties was carried out. furthermore, the optimal fermentation upstream processes for enzymatic hydr ...201122172109
fatal outcome of bacillus cereus septicaemia.bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous environmental micro-organism which is often a contaminant of clinical cultures. infections due to b. cereus are described, but mostly in immunocompromised patients. we report a fatal outcome of b. cereus septicaemia in an immunocompetent patient with a mechanical mitral valve.201122173364
removal of high concentrations of nh(3) by a combined photoreactor and biotrickling filter system.average emission levels as high as 800 ppm(v) nh(3) have often been found during the anaerobic fermentation process. at these levels, nh(3) is regarded as an environmental toxic compound. high concentrations of nh(3) gas are difficult to treat in a single treatment process, suggesting that, in terms of economic cost and treatment performance, a coupled system may be a feasible technological alternative. in the coupled tio(2) photocatalytic-biological treatment system evaluated here, the optimal ...201122175871
evaluation in broilers of the probiotic properties of pichia pastoris and a recombinant p. pastoris containing the clostridium perfringens alpha toxin gene.the probiotic properties of pichia pastoris and of a recombinant p. pastoris containing the clostridium perfringens alpha toxin gene were evaluated in broilers. one-day-old chicks randomly divided in four groups were fed with commercial feed devoid of antibacterials. the control group (1) received plain food, while the other groups were supplemented with either p. pastoris (2), the recombinant p. pastoris (3) or bacillus cereus var. toyoi (4). at day 49, live weights, feed efficiency and serocon ...201122176763
developing an integrated proteo-genomic approach for the characterisation of biomarkers for the identification of bacillus anthracis.bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax, an acute and often fatal disease in humans. due to the high genomic relatedness within the bacillus cereus group of species it is a challenge to identify b. anthracis consistently. alternative strategies such as proteomics coupled with mass spectrometry (ms) provide a powerful approach for biomarker discovery. however, validating and evaluating these markers, particularly for genetically homogeneous species such as b. anthracis are challengin ...201122178189
Anti-bacterial studies on Hemigraphis colorata (Blume) H.G. Hallier and Elephantopus scaber L.To examine the ethanol, aqueous, chloroform, benzene, acetone and petroleum ether extracts of, Hemigraphis colorata (H. colorata) leaves and stem and Elephantopus scaber (E. scaber) leaves, root and flower for the presence of phyto-constituents and screened the anti-bacterial activity against the selected pathogens.201222182644
synthesis and biological evaluation of some thiazolidinones as antimicrobial agents.a novel series of thiazolidinone derivatives namely 4-(4-dimethylamino-6-{4-[5-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)-4-oxo-2-phenylthiazolidin-3-yl]-phenylamino}-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yloxy)-1-methyl-1h-quinolin-2-one have been synthesized from the key intermediate 4-[4-(4-aminophenylamino)-6-dimethylamino-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yloxy]-1-methyl-1h-quinolin-2-one (7). condensation reaction of compound 7 with different aldehyde derivatives were performed to obtain schiff base derivatives, which after cyclization gav ...201122182927
promoting bacillus cereus spore germination for subsequent inactivation by mild heat treatment.sublethal heat treatment may activate dormant spores and thereby potentiate the conversion of spores to vegetative cells. as the germinated spore is known to possess lower heat resistance than its dormant counterpart, it has been postulated that double heat treatment, i.e., spore heat activation followed by germination and then by heat inactivation, can be used to control spores in foods. production of refrigerated processed foods of extended durability often includes more than one heat treatme ...201122186048
analytical method of cereulide in processed cereal-based foods and milk powder by lc-ms/ms.an lc-ms/ms method for analysis of cereulide, an emetic toxin produced by bacillus cereus, was developed. cereulide was extracted from samples, fried rice, pan-fried noodles, red bean paste and baby formula, with methanol and purified using oasis hlb cartridges. lc separation was performed on a c18 column with a mixture of formic acid solution and methanol containing ammonium formate as a mobile phase, and the mass spectrometer was operated in the positive electrospray ionization mode. performan ...201122200747
bacillus manliponensis sp. nov., a new member of the bacillus cereus group isolated from foreshore tidal flat sediment.a gram-positive, endospore-forming, new bacillus species, strain bl4-6(t), was isolated from tidal flat sediment of the yellow sea. strain bl4-6(t) is a straight rod, with motility by peritrichate flagella. the cell wall contains meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the major respiratory quinone is menaquinone-7. the major fatty acids are iso-c(15:0) and summed feature 3 (containing c(16:1) ω7c/iso-c(15:0) 2oh, and/or iso-c(15:0) 2oh/c(16:1) ω7c). cells are catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. the g ...201122203569
diversity, mobility, and structural and functional evolution of group ii introns carrying an unusual 3' extension.abstract: background: group ii introns are widespread genetic elements endowed with a dual functionality. they are catalytic rnas (ribozymes) that are able of self-splicing and they are also mobile retroelements that can invade genomic dna. the group ii intron rna secondary structure is typically made up of six domains. however, a number of unusual group ii introns carrying a unique extension of 53-56 nucleotides at the 3' end have been identified previously in bacteria of the bacillus cereus ...201122204608
genome sequencing of bacillus subtilis sc-8, antagonistic to the bacillus cereus group, isolated from traditional korean fermented-soybean food.bacillus subtilis sc-8 is a gram-positive bacterium displaying narrow antagonistic activity for the bacillus cereus group. b. subtilis sc-8 was isolated from korean traditional fermented-soybean food. here we report the draft genome sequence of b. subtilis sc-8, including biosynthetic genes for antibiotics that may have beneficial effects for control of food-borne pathogens.201222207744
the pore-forming protein cry5b elicits the pathogenicity of bacillus sp. against caenorhabditis elegans.the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis is a pathogen of insects and nematodes and is very closely related to, if not the same species as, bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis. the defining characteristic of b. thuringiensis that sets it apart from b. cereus and b. anthracis is the production of crystal (cry) proteins, which are pore-forming toxins or pore-forming proteins (pfps). although it is known that pfps are important virulence factors since their elimination results in reduced virule ...201122216181
structural studies on antd: an n-acyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of d-anthrose.the unusual dideoxysugar d-anthrose has been identified as an important component in the endospores of such infectious agents as bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus. specifically, it is the terminal sugar on the bacterium's exosporium, and it provides a point of interaction between the spore and the host. the biosynthesis of d-anthrose involves numerous steps starting from α-d-glucose-1-phosphate. here we present a combined structural and functional investigation of antd from b. cereus. this ...201222220494
regulation of xylanase biosynthesis in bacillus cereus bsa1.microbial xylanases have a promising biotechnological potential to be used in industries. in this study, regulation of xylanase production was examined in bacillus cereus bsa1. xylanase production was induced by xylan. the enzyme production further increased in the presence of xylose and arabinose in very low concentration with addition of xylan (0.5% up to 6.02 u/ml). addition of glucose (about 0.1%) to the media supplemented with xylan repressed xylanase production. even higher concentration ( ...201222222433
antioxidant and antibacterial properties of green, black, and herbal teas of camellia sinensis.the role of non-polymeric phenolic (np) and polymeric tannin (pt) constituents in the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of six brands of green, black, and herbal teas of camellia sinensis were investigated.201122224051
cr(vi) uptake mechanism of bacillus cereus.in this study, we investigated the cr(vi) uptake mechanism in an indigenous cr(vi)-tolerant bacterial strain -bacillus cereus through batch and microscopic experiments. we found that both the cells and the supernatant collected from b. cereus cultivation could reduce cr(vi). the valence state analysis revealed the complete transformation from cr(vi) into cr(iii) by living b. cereus. further x-ray absorption fine structure and fourier transform infrared analyses showed that the reduced cr(iii) wa ...201222225704
a comparison of the effects of e-beam irradiation and heat treatment on the variability of bacillus cereus inactivation and lag phase duration of surviving cells.the effects of electron beam irradiation and heat treatments on the variability of inactivation of bacillus cereus spores (cect 131/atcc 10876) and of the lag phase of single surviving cells have been studied. in general, dispersion in the number of survivors increased as the stress became more intense. a polynomial relationship was derived between the coefficient of variation of the survivor number and the inactivation achieved. heat treatments caused wider distributions than irradiation for th ...201222225985
potential of bacillus cereus strain rs87 for partial replacement of chemical fertilisers in the production of thai rice cultivars.background: there is increasing interest in the development of technologies which can reduce the requirement for chemical fertilisers in rice production. the objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of bacillus cereus strain rs87 for the partial replacement of chemical fertiliser in rice production. a greenhouse experiment was designed using different fertiliser regimes, with and without strain rs87. six thai rice cultivars were tested separately. results: maximum rice growth and ...201222228472
restricting fermentative potential by proteome remodeling: an adaptive strategy evidenced in bacillus cereus.pathogenesis hinges on successful colonization of the gastrointestinal (gi) tract by pathogenic facultative anaerobes. the gi tract is a carbohydrate-limited environment with varying oxygen availability and oxidoreduction potential (orp). how pathogenic bacteria are able to adapt and grow in these varying conditions remains a key fundamental question. here, we designed a system biology-inspired approach to pinpoint the key regulators allowing bacillus cereus to survive and grow efficiently under ...201222232490
antimicrobial prenylated acetophenones from berries of harrisonia abyssinica.the ripe berries of harrisonia abyssinica yielded two new prenylated acetophenones, namely 5-(ethan-1'''-one)-4,6-dihydroxy-7-(3'',3''-dimethylallyl)-2 s-(1' s-hydroxy-1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (1) and 5-(2'''-hydroxyethan-1'''-one)-4,6-dihydroxy-7-(3'',3''-dimethylallyl)-2 s-(1' s-hydroxy-1',5'-dimethylhex-4'-enyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (2), herein named harronin i and harronin ii, respectively. the compounds were isolated following activity guided fractionation and the s ...201222234410
microbial biodiversity, quality and shelf life of microfiltered and pasteurized extended shelf life (esl) milk from germany, austria and switzerland.information on factors limiting the shelf life of extended shelf life (esl) milk produced by microfiltration and subsequent pasteurization is very limited. in this study, three different batches of esl milk were analyzed at different stages of the production process and during storage at 4 °c, 8 °c and 10 °c in order to evaluate the changes in bacterial cell counts, microbial diversity and enzymatic quality. additionally, detailed biodiversity analyses of 250 retail esl milk packages produced by ...201222240060
cereulide produced by bacillus cereus increases the fitness of the producer organism in low-potassium environments.cereulide, produced by certain bacillus cereus strains, is a lipophilic cyclic peptide of 1152 da that binds k(+) ions with high specificity and affinity. it is toxic to humans, but its role for the producer organism is not known. we report here that cereulide operates for b. cereus to scavenge potassium when the environment is growth limiting for this ion. cereulide-producing b. cereus showed higher maximal growth rates (µ(max)) than cereulide non-producing b. cereus in k(+)-deficient medium (k ...201222241046
gc/ms method for positive detection of bacillus anthracis endospores.a simple method was developed for detection of bacillus anthracis (ba) endospores and for differentiation of them from other species in the bacillus cereus group. chemical profiles that include lipids (i.e., fatty acids), carbohydrates (i.e., sugars), and the spore-specific biomarker, dipicolinic acid, were generated by one-step thermochemolysis (tcm) at 140 °c in 5 min to provide specific biomarker signatures. anthrose, which is a biomarker characteristic of the b. cereus group of bacteria, was ...201222243393
bacillus cereus, an unusual cause of fulminant liver failure: diagnosis may prevent liver transplantation.bacillus cereus is a well-known cause of foodborne disease usually of benign course. here, we present the case of a 15-year-old boy who developed reversible fulminant liver failure associated with rhabdomyolysis after pasta consumption. suspecting b. cereus as the aetiological agent may prevent unnecessary liver transplantation.201222245788
critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy caused by bacillus cereus sepsis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.we report a pediatric case of critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy caused by bacillus cereus sepsis during acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy. a 15-year-old boy developed b. cereus sepsis and multiple organ failure on the 19th day after initiation of chemotherapy, and multidisciplinary treatment was started. treatment was effective and septic shock with multiple organ failure remitted. he was weaned from a respirator on day 23 after the onset of sepsis, but complete flaccid paralysis o ...201222246161
influence of anaerobiosis and low temperature on bacillus cereus growth, metabolism, and membrane properties.the impact of simultaneous anaerobiosis and low temperature on growth parameters, metabolism, and membrane properties of bacillus cereus atcc 14579 was studied. no growth was observed under anaerobiosis at 12°c. in bioreactors, growth rates and biomass production were drastically reduced by simultaneous anaerobiosis and low temperature (15°c). the two conditions had a synergistic effect on biomass reduction. in anaerobic cultures, fermentative metabolism was modified by low temperature, with a m ...201222247126
synthesis and anti-microbial screening of novel schiff bases of 3-amino-2-methyl quinazolin 4-(3h)-one.in the present study, novel schiff bases were synthesized by condensation of 3-amino-2-methyl quinazolin-4-(3h)-ones with different aromatic aldehydes. the 3-amino-2-methyl quinazolin-4-(3h)-one was synthesized from anthranilic acid via the 2-methyl benzoxazin-4-one. the chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by means of infrared (ir), (1)h-nmr, (13)c-nmr, mass spectral, and elemental analysis. these compounds were screened for anti-bacterial (staphylococcus aureus atcc ...201022247864
antimicrobial efficacy of achillea ligustica all. (asteraceae) essential oils against reference and isolated oral microorganisms.the aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of achillea ligustica essential oils against several oral microorganisms in comparison with a commercial essential oil-containing mouthrinse (listerine(®) ) and clove oil (containing 89% eugenol). the inhibition efficacy of a. ligustica essential oils alone and in combination with listerine(®) was evaluated by the micro-dilution method. the most susceptible microorganisms were bacillus cereus, streptococcus pyogenes, and candida albicans. th ...201222253099
bacillus cereus infection after descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty.purpose: to report the first case of bacillus cereus keratitis leading to panophthalmitis in a patient operated for combined descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (dsek) and phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. methods: a 40-year-old woman with corneal decompensation underwent dsek with phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and developed corneal infiltrate in the host cornea progressing to ring corneal abscess and panophthalmitis within ...201222262217
[bacillus anthracis: a molecular look at a famous pathogen].bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive rod belonging to the bacillus cereus group, has an extremely monomorphic genome, and presents high structural and physiological similarity with b. cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. in this work, the new molecular methods for the identification and typing of b. anthracis developed in the last years, based on variable number tandem repeats or on genetic differences detected through sequencing, are described. the molecular aspects of traditional virulence factor ...201322274828
milk microbiome signatures of subclinical mastitis-affected cattle analysed by shotgun sequencing.metagenomic analysis of milk samples collected from kankrej, gir (bos indicus) and crossbred (bos taurus × b. indicus) cattle harbouring subclinical mastitis was carried out by next-generation sequencing 454 gs-flx technology to elucidate the microbial community structure of cattle milk.201222277077
bacillus cereus can attack the cell membranes of the alga chara corallina by means of hlyii.we studied the influence of bacillus cereus bacteria on cells of the freshwater alga chara corallina. these bacteria and recombinant bacillus subtilis strains are capable of producing the secreted toxin hlyii, which changes the electrophysiological parameters of the algal electrically excitable plasma membrane by forming pores. cooperative incubation of bacterial cells, which carry active hlyii gene, and chara corallina cells caused a decrease in the resting potential (v(m)) and plasma membrane ...201222281415
isolation and growth characteristics of chromium(vi) and pentachlorophenol tolerant bacterial isolate from treated tannery effluent for its possible use in simultaneous bioremediation.the bacterial strains resistant to pentachlorophenol (pcp) and hexavalent chromium [cr(vi)] were isolated from treated tannery effluent of a common effluent treatment plant. most of the physico-chemical parameters analyzed were above permissible limits. thirty-eight and four bacterial isolates, respectively were found resistant to >50 μg/ml concentration of [cr(vi)] and the same level of pcp. out of the above 42 isolates, only one was found simultaneously tolerant to higher levels of both pcp (5 ...201122282630
phytase, phosphatase activity and p-nutrition of soybean as influenced by inoculation of bacillus.the efficiency of different bacillus isolates on rhizosphere soil enzyme activities and p-nutrition of soybean was carried out under microcosm conditions. significant increase in enzyme activities viz., fluorescein diacetate activity, phosphatase and phytase activity and consequent effects on p-nutrition were observed with the inoculation of bacillus isolates over uninoculated control. among the isolates, bd-3-1b, khbd-6, bdkh-3, bacillus amyloliquefacians, and bacillus cereus were found to be p ...201122282635
assessment of microbial quality of commercial and home-made tiger-nut beverages.we aimed to assess the microbiological quality of spanish commercial tiger-nut beverages as well as home-made samples collected from supermarkets, street vendors, juice bars and ice-cream parlours located in valencia.201222283438
the immune modulation of bacillus cereus var. toyoi in mice immunized with experimental inactivated bovine herpesvirus type 5 vaccine.in recent years, there been significant progress toward develop more efficient vaccines. different compounds with adjuvant capacity have been tested; however, no compound has emerged that suitable for universal use. several efforts have been made to produce effective vaccines against bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5), an important cattle pathogen. in this study we examine the use the probiotic bacillus cereus var. toyoi as a potential adjuvant to improve bohv-5 vaccine efficacy. we observed in the s ...201222285271
evidence of bacillus thuringiensis intra-serovar diversity revealed by bacillus cereus group-specific repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based pcr genomic fingerprinting.bacillus thuringiensis is classified into serovars on the basis of h-flagellar antigens. several alternative typing methods have been described. among them, a b. cereus group-specific repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep)-pcr fingerprinting technique was shown to be discriminative and able to identify b. thuringiensis serovars. the aim of this study was to investigate the genomic diversity and relationship among b. thuringiensis strains collected from different argentinean ecosystems. thirty-s ...201122286045
the additive and synergistic antimicrobial effects of select frankincense and myrrh oils--a combination from the pharaonic pharmacopoeia.the in vitro antimicrobial activity of three essential oil samples of frankincense (boswellia rivae, boswellia neglecta and boswellia papyrifera) and two essential oil samples of myrrh and sweet myrrh (commiphora guidotti and commiphora myrrha), collected from different regions of ethiopia, was investigated independently and in combination to determine their anti-infective properties.201222288378
genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and toxigenic profiles of bacillus cereus strains isolated from sunsik.bacillus cereus can cause emetic and diarrheal types of food poisoning, but little study has been done on the toxins and toxin-encoding genes of b. cereus strains isolated from sunsik, a korean ready-to-eat food prepared from grains, fruits, and vegetables. in this study, 39 unique b. cereus strains were isolated and identified from sunsik samples, with an average contamination level of 10 to 200 cfu/g. the detection rates of the hblacd, cytk, and bcet genes among all the strains were 48.7, 66.7 ...201222289581
carrier tests to assess the effective sporicidal concentration of a liquid chemical disinfectant for a sanitization program.the aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the microbial efficacy against highly resistant bacterial spores on different substrates using the lowest effective concentration of a market liquid sporicide based on peracetic acid. the validation was carried out following modified european regulatory agencies procedures or test methods and usp guidelines, employing carriers of materials usually treated with the sporicidal solution and present in grade a cleanrooms and spores of four differe ...201122293524
bacterial mixture from greenhouse soil as a biocontrol agent against root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, on oriental melon.the biological control efficacy of a greenhouse soil bacterial mixture of lactobacillus farraginis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis strains with antinematode activity was evaluated against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. two control groups planted in soil drenched with sterile distilled water or treated with the broadspectrum carbamate pesticide carbofuran were used for comparison. the results suggest that the bacterial mixture is effective as a biocontrol agent against ...201222297227
purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray characterization of bacillus cereus arylamine n-acetyltransferase 3 [(baccr)nat3].arylamine n-acetyltransferases (nats) are xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (xmes) that catalyze the acetylation of arylamines. all functional nats described to date possess a strictly conserved cys-his-asp catalytic triad. here, the purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray characterization of bacillus cereus arylamine n-acetyltransferase 3 [(baccr)nat3], a putative nat isoenzyme that possesses a unique catalytic triad containing a glutamate residue, is reported. the crystal diffracted ...201222297998
iodine-stabilized cu nanoparticle chitosan composite for antibacterial applications.we report herein the synthesis of a new composite consisting of cu nanoparticles (nps) and chitosan (cs), which has been found to be stable in the presence of molecular iodine and has also high antimicrobial activities. the composite could be obtained when aqueous cuso(4) was treated with hydrazine in the presence of cs. the spherical cu nps present in the composite were of average diameters 8±4 nm. the nps were unstable in atmospheric conditions leading to the formation of oxides of cu. on the ...201222301575
novel bacterial lipoprotein structures conserved in low-gc content gram-positive bacteria are recognized by toll-like receptor 2.bacterial lipoproteins/lipopeptides inducing host innate immune responses are sensed by mammalian toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2). these bacterial lipoproteins are structurally divided into two groups, diacylated or triacylated lipoproteins, by the absence or presence of an amide-linked fatty acid. the presence of diacylated lipoproteins has been predicted in low-gc content gram-positive bacteria and mycoplasmas based on the absence of one modification enzyme in their genomes; however, we recently d ...201222303020
mechanism and diversity of the erythromycin esterase family of enzymes.macrolide antibiotics such as azithromycin and erythromycin are mainstays of modern antibacterial chemotherapy, and like all antibiotics, they are vulnerable to resistance. one mechanism of macrolide resistance is via drug inactivation: enzymatic hydrolysis of the macrolactone ring catalyzed by erythromycin esterases, erea and ereb. a genomic enzymology approach was taken to gain insight into the catalytic mechanisms and origins of ere enzymes. our analysis reveals that erythromycin esterases co ...201222303981
evaluation of the sterility testing process of hematopoietic stem cells at canadian blood services.sterility testing of hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) at the canadian blood services stem cell laboratory is performed using bact/alert aerobic (sa) culture bottles. this study was conducted to verify the efficacy of this method and to assess the use of the bact/alert aerobic (bpa) and anaerobic (bpn) culture bottles for microbial testing of hscs.201222304655
antimicrobial activity and essential oils of curcuma aeruginosa, curcuma mangga, and zingiber cassumunar from malaysia.to analyze the chemical composition of the essential oils of curcuma aeruginosa (c. aeruginosa), curcuma mangga (c. mangga), and zingiber cassumunar (z. cassumunar), and study their antimicrobial activity.201222305785
temperature-dependent production of various plcr-controlled virulence factors in bacillus weihenstephanensis strain kbab4.the bacillus cereus sensu lato complex has recently been divided into several phylogenetic groups with clear differences in growth temperature range. however, only a few studies have investigated the actual pathogenic potential of the psychrotolerant strains of the b. cereus group at low temperature, and little information is available concerning gene expression at low temperature. we found that vegetative cells of the psychrotolerant b. weihenstephanensis strain kbab4 were pathogenic against th ...201222307282
functional assignment of yvgo, a novel set of purified and chemically characterized proteinaceous antifungal variants produced by bacillus thuringiensis sf361.this study reports a novel class of antifungal protein derived from bacterial origin. bacillus thuringiensis sf361, the strain also responsible for producing the novel bacteriocin thurincin h, exhibits broad antifungal activity against select members of several fungal genera, including aspergillus, byssochlamys, and penicillium, as well as the pathogenic yeast candida albicans. optimal antifungal production and secretion were observed after-log phase growth when incubated at 37°c in a carbohydra ...201222307285
new heterocyclic compounds from 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole class bearing diphenylsulfone moieties. synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity evaluation.some new 5-(4-(4-x-phenylsulfonyl)phenyl)-4-(r)-2h-1,2,4-triazol-3(4h)-thiones 4a,b; 5a,b and 5-(4-(4-x-phenylsulfonyl)phenyl)-n-(r)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amines 6a,b; 7a,b were obtained by cyclization of new n(1)-[4-(4-x-phenylsulfonyl)benzoyl]-n(4)-(r)-thiosemicarbazides 2a,b; 3a,b (x=h, br). the 1,2,4-triazoles were synthesized by intramolecular cyclization of acylthiosemicarbazides, in basic media. on the other hand, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles were obtained from same acylthiosemicarbazides, in acidic m ...201222309915
comparison of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase and two water-forming nadh oxidases from bacillus cereus atcc 14579.bacillus cereus (b. cereus) is an ubiquitous facultative anaerobic bacterium, and its growth in aerobic environment correlates to the functions of its oxygen defense system. water-forming nadh oxidase (nox-2) can catalyze the conversion of oxygen to water with concomitant nadh oxidation in anaerobic microorganisms. here, we report the cloning and characterization of two annotated nox-2 s (nox-2(444) and nox-2(554)) from b. cereus atcc 14579 and their comparison with another oxidative stress defe ...201222311647
bioaugmentation for polyacrylamide degradation in a sequencing batch reactor and contact oxidation reactor.in the present study, one pam degrading bacterial strain, originally named hwbi, was isolated from an activated sludge sample and used as an exogenous bacteria for bioaugmentation. the strain was primarily identified as bacillus cereus. one contact oxidation reactor (cor) and one sequencing batch reactor (sbr) were bioaugmented with the hwbi, respectively, and the performance of the bioaugmented systems for pam removal were investigated under long term operation. results showed that for the cor ...201222320687
enhancement of cypermethrin degradation by a coculture of bacillus cereus zh-3 and streptomyces aureus hp-s-01.degradation of cypermethrin was significantly enhanced in a coculture of bacillus cereus zh-3 and streptomyces aureus hp-s-01. in the pure culture, longer half-lives (t(1/2)=32.6-43.0h) of cypermethrin were observed, as compared to the mixed cocultures (t(1/2)=13.0h). the optimal degradation conditions were determined to be 28.2°c and ph 7.5 based on response surface methodology (rsm). under these conditions, the mixed cultures completely metabolized cypermethrin (50mgl(-1)) within 72h. analysis ...201222326328
bacillus cytotoxicus sp. nov. is a novel thermotolerant species of the bacillus cereus group occasionally associated with food poisoning.an aerobic endospore-forming bacillus (nvh 391-98(t)) was isolated during a severe food poisoning outbreak in france in 1998, and four other similar strains have since been isolated, also mostly from food poisoning cases. based on 16s rrna gene sequence similarity, these strains were shown to belong to the bacillus cereus group (over 97% similarity with the current group species) and phylogenetic distance from other validly described species of the genus bacillus was less than 95%. based on 16s ...201322328607
application of atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasma for the in vitro eradication of bacterial biofilms.the use of atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasma represents an interesting and novel approach for the decontamination of surfaces colonized with microbial biofilms that exhibit enhanced tolerance to antimicrobial challenge. in this study, the influence of an atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasma jet, operated in a helium and oxygen gas mixture under ambient pressure, was evaluated against biofilms of bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa. within < ...201222329678
molecular differences between a mutase and a phosphatase: investigations of the activation step in bacillus cereus phosphopentomutase.prokaryotic phosphopentomutases (ppms) are di-mn(2+) enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of α-d-ribose 5-phosphate and α-d-ribose 1-phosphate at an active site located between two independently folded domains. these prokaryotic ppms belong to the alkaline phosphatase superfamily, but previous studies of bacillus cereus ppm suggested adaptations of the conserved alkaline phosphatase catalytic cycle. notably, b. cereus ppm engages substrates when the active site nucleophile, thr-85, is phosp ...201222329805
characterization of a novel lytic protein encoded by the bacillus cereus e33l gene ampd as a bacillus anthracis antimicrobial protein.lytic proteins encoded by bacterial genomes have been implicated in cell wall biosynthesis and recycling. the bacillus cereus e33l ampd gene encodes a putative n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase. this gene, expressed in vitro, produced a very stable, highly active lytic protein. very low concentrations rapidly and efficiently lyse vegetative bacillus anthracis cells.201222344637
seasonal variations of phenolic compounds and biological properties in sage (salvia officinalis l.).the aim was to investigate the phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial activity of dalmatian sage (salvia officinalis l.) leaves collected during different vegetation periods. separation and quantification of the individual phenols were performed by reversed-phase (rp)-hplc coupled with a pda (photodiode array) detector and using an internal standard, while the contents of total phenols, flavonoids, flavones, and flavonols were determined spectrophotometrically. the antioxidant ...201222344920
bacillus cereus catheter related bloodstream infection in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.bacillus cereus infection is rarely associated with actual infection and for this reason single positive blood culture is usually regarded as contamination . however it may cause a number of infections, such catheter-related bloodstream infections. significant catheter-related bloodstream infections (crbsi) caused by bacillus spp. are mainly due to b. cereus and have been predominantly reported in immunocompromised hosts. catheter removal is generally advised for management of infection. in this ...201222348186
structural basis of the substrate specificity of bacillus cereus adenosine phosphorylase.purine nucleoside phosphorylases catalyze the phosphorolytic cleavage of the glycosidic bond of purine (2'-deoxy)nucleosides, generating the corresponding free base and (2'-deoxy)-ribose 1-phosphate. two classes of pnps have been identified: homotrimers specific for 6-oxopurines and homohexamers that accept both 6-oxopurines and 6-aminopurines. bacillus cereus adenosine phosphorylase (adop) is a hexameric pnp; however, it is highly specific for 6-aminopurines. to investigate the structural basis ...201222349225
volatile organic compounds from centaurium erythraea rafn (croatia) and the antimicrobial potential of its essential oil.gc and ms were used for the analysis of croatian centaurium erythraea rafn essential oil (obtained by hydrodistillation) and headspace (applying headspace solid-phase microextraction). the headspace contained numerous monoterpene hydrocarbons (the major ones were terpinene-4-ol, methone, p-cymene, γ-terpinene and limonene). oxygenated monoterpenes were present in the headspace and oil, while 1,8-cineole, bornyl acetate and verbenone were present only in the headspace. high headspace percentages ...201222349896
bioactives of microbes isolated from western ghat belt of kerala show β-lactamase inhibition along with wide spectrum antimicrobial activity.the present study describes the exploitation of microbial biodiversity from western ghats of kerala for screening of bioactives having β-lactamase inhibitory activities. a total of 700 pure cultures were isolated and were screened for antibacterial activity against a β-lactam resistant bacillus cereus strain (pl 10) isolated from the same niche. bioactive extracts made from 45 isolates showed inhibitory activities against pl 10, of which two strains showed inhibition of extended spectrum β-lacta ...201222350938
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