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in silico analysis of high affinity potassium transporter (hkt) isoforms in different plants.high affinity potassium transporters (hkts) are located in the plasma membrane of the vessels and have significant influence on salt tolerance in some plants. they exclude na(+) from the parenchyma cells to reduce na(+) concentration. despite many studies, the underlying regulatory mechanisms and the exact functions of hkts within different genomic backgrounds are relatively unknown. in this study, various bioinformatics techniques, including promoter analysis, identification of hkt-surrounding ...201425279141
high-level expression of lmw-gs and α-gliadin genes promoted by the expressed tag sequence of 5' end in escherichia coli.wheat storage protein genes, especially low molecular weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs) and gliadin genes are difficult to be expressed in escherichiacoli, mainly due to the presence of highly repetitive sequences. in order to establish a high efficiency expression system for these genes, five different expression plasmids combining with 9 genes, viz. 6 lmw-gs and 3 α-gliadin genes isolated from common wheat and related species, were studied for heterologous expression in e. coli. in this study, ...201525281897
the role of the f-box gene tafba1 from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in drought tolerance.drought is one of the most important factors limiting plant growth and development. we identified a gene in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under drought stress named tafba1. tafba1 encodes a putative 325-amino-acid f-box protein with a conserved n-terminal f-box domain and a c-terminal amn1 domain. real-time rt-pcr analysis revealed that tafba1 transcript accumulation was upregulated by high-salinity, water stress, and abscisic acid (aba) treatment. to evaluate the functions of tafba1 in the regul ...201425299612
wheat (triticum aestivum l.) transformation using immature embryos.wheat may now be transformed very efficiently by agrobacterium tumefaciens. under the protocol hereby described, immature embryos of healthy plants of wheat cultivar fielder grown in a well-conditioned greenhouse were pretreated with centrifuging and cocultivated with a. tumefaciens. transgenic wheat plants were obtained routinely from between 40 and 90 % of the immature embryos, thus infected in our tests. all regenerants were normal in morphology and fully fertile. about half of the transforme ...201525300841
wheat (triticum aestivum l.) transformation using mature embryos.in most protocols for the agrobacterium-mediated transformation of wheat, the preferred target tissues are immature embryos. however, transformation methods relying on immature embryos require the growth of plants under controlled conditions to provide a continuous supply of good-quality target tissue. the use of mature embryos as a target tissue has the advantage of only requiring good-quality seed as the starting material. here we describe a transformation method based on the agrobacterium-med ...201525300842
fungal hemicellulose-degrading enzymes cause physical property changes concomitant with solubilization of cell wall polysaccharides.physical properties of wheat coleoptile segments decreased after treatment with hemicellulose-degrading enzymes, indicating that hemicellulosic polysaccharides function to control the strength of primary cell walls. changes in the physical properties of plant cell walls, a viscoelastic structure, are thought to be one of the growth-limiting factors for plants and one of the infection-affecting factors for fungi. to study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges ...201525301670
new types of wheat chromosomal structural variations in derivatives of wheat-rye hybrids.chromosomal rearrangements induced by wheat-rye hybridization is a very well investigated research topic. however, the structural alterations of wheat chromosomes in wheat-rye hybrids are seldom reported.201425302962
a domain-based approach for analyzing the function of aluminum-activated malate transporters from wheat (triticum aestivum) and arabidopsis thaliana in xenopus oocytes.wheat and arabidopsis plants respond to aluminum (al) ions by releasing malate from their root apices via al-activated malate transporter. malate anions bind with the toxic al ions and contribute to the al tolerance of these species. the genes encoding the transporters in wheat and arabidopsis, taalmt1 and atalmt1, respectively, were expressed in xenopus laevis oocytes and characterized electrophysiologically using the two-electrode voltage clamp system. the al-activated currents generated by ma ...201425311199
large-scale transcriptome comparison reveals distinct gene activations in wheat responding to stripe rust and powdery mildew.stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici; pst) and powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici; bgt) are important diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. similar mechanisms and gene transcripts are assumed to be involved in the host defense response because both pathogens are biotrophic fungi. the main objective of our study was to identify co-regulated mrnas that show a change in expression pattern after inoculation with pst or bgt, and to identify mrnas specific to the f ...201425318379
a haplotype block associated with thousand-kernel weight on chromosome 5ds in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).spike number per unit area, number of grains per spike, and thousand-kernel weight (tkw) are important yield components for wheat (triticum aestivum l.). tkw has the highest heritability among the three components. we validated 27 simple sequence repeat (ssr) loci associated with tkw in an f(2:5) breeding population grown in four environments. a cfd7(8265bp) marker on chromosome 5ds showed the strongest association with tkw and had a significantly positive effect on tkw compared to allele cfd7(8 ...201525318826
nitric oxide alleviates aluminum-induced oxidative damage through regulating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in roots of wheat.the possible association with nitric oxide (no) and ascorbate-glutathione (asa-gsh) cycle in regulating aluminum (al) tolerance of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was investigated using two genotypes with different al resistance. exposure to al inhibited root elongation, and triggered lipid peroxidation and oxidation of asa to dehydroascorbate and gsh to glutathione disulfide in wheat roots. exogenous no significantly increased endogenous no levels, and subsequently alleviated al-induced inhibition ...201525319364
mapping a region within the 1rs.1bl translocation in common wheat affecting grain yield and canopy water status.this study identifies a small distal region of the 1rs chromosome from rye that has a positive impact on wheat yield. the translocation of the short arm of rye (secale cereale l.) chromosome one (1rs) onto wheat (triticum aestivum l.) chromosome 1b (1rs.1bl) is used in wheat breeding programs worldwide due to its positive effect on yield, particularly under abiotic stress. unfortunately, this translocation is associated with poor bread-making quality. to mitigate this problem, the 1rs arm was en ...201425322723
wheat-specific gene, ribosomal protein l21, used as the endogenous reference gene for qualitative and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection of transgenes.wheat-specific ribosomal protein l21 (rpl21) is an endogenous reference gene suitable for genetically modified (gm) wheat identification. this taxon-specific rpl21 sequence displayed high homogeneity in different wheat varieties. southern blots revealed 1 or 3 copies, and sequence analyses showed one amplicon in common wheat. combined analyses with sequences from common wheat (aabbdd) and three diploid ancestral species, triticum urartu (aa), aegilops speltoides (bb), and aegilops tauschii (dd), ...201425325387
a genome-wide identification of chromosomal regions determining nitrogen use efficiency components in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).this study identified 333 genomic regions associated to 28 traits related to nitrogen use efficiency in european winter wheat using genome-wide association in a 214-varieties panel experimented in eight environments. improving nitrogen use efficiency is a key factor to sustainably ensure global production increase. however, while high-throughput screening methods remain at a developmental stage, genetic progress may be mainly driven by marker-assisted selection. the objective of this study was t ...201425326179
overexpression of heat stress-responsive tambf1c, a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) multiprotein bridging factor, confers heat tolerance in both yeast and rice.previously, we found an ethylene-responsive transcriptional co-activator, which was significantly induced by heat stress (hs) in both thermo-sensitive and thermo-tolerant wheat. the corresponding orf was isolated from wheat, and named tambf1c (multiprotein bridging factor1c). the deduced amino acid sequence revealed the presence of conserved mbf1 and helix-turn-helix domains at the n- and c-terminus, respectively, which were highly similar to rice ertca (ethylene response transcriptional co-acti ...201525326264
an in planta-expressed polyketide synthase produces (r)-mellein in the wheat pathogen parastagonospora nodorum.parastagonospora nodorum is a pathogen of wheat that affects yields globally. previous transcriptional analysis identified a partially reducing polyketide synthase (pr-pks) gene, snog_00477 (sn477), in p. nodorum that is highly upregulated during infection of wheat leaves. disruption of the corresponding sn477 gene resulted in the loss of production of two compounds, which we identified as (r)-mellein and (r)-o-methylmellein. using a saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast heterologous expression system, ...201525326302
specific nongluten proteins of wheat are novel target antigens in celiac disease humoral response.while the antigenic specificity and pathogenic relevance of immunologic reactivity to gluten in celiac disease have been extensively researched, the immune response to nongluten proteins of wheat has not been characterized. we aimed to investigate the level and molecular specificity of antibody response to wheat nongluten proteins in celiac disease. serum samples from patients and controls were screened for igg and iga antibody reactivity to a nongluten protein extract from the wheat cultivar tr ...201525329597
multimodel ensembles of wheat growth: many models are better than one.crop models of crop growth are increasingly used to quantify the impact of global changes due to climate or crop management. therefore, accuracy of simulation results is a major concern. studies with ensembles of crop models can give valuable information about model accuracy and uncertainty, but such studies are difficult to organize and have only recently begun. we report on the largest ensemble study to date, of 27 wheat models tested in four contrasting locations for their accuracy in simulat ...201525330243
hg-responsive proteins identified in wheat seedlings using itraq analysis and the role of aba in hg stress.wheat seedlings exposed to 100 μm hgcl2 for 3 days exhibited high-level mercury (hg) accumulation, which led to inhibited growth, increased lipid peroxidation, and disrupted cellular ultrastructures. and root growth and ultrastructural changes of wheat seedlings were inhibited more severely than those of leaves. to identify the wheat protein response to hg stress, the itraq method was used to determine the proteome profiles of the roots and leaves of wheat seedlings exposed to high-hg conditions ...201525330896
automated recovery of three-dimensional models of plant shoots from multiple color images.increased adoption of the systems approach to biological research has focused attention on the use of quantitative models of biological objects. this includes a need for realistic three-dimensional (3d) representations of plant shoots for quantification and modeling. previous limitations in single-view or multiple-view stereo algorithms have led to a reliance on volumetric methods or expensive hardware to record plant structure. we present a fully automatic approach to image-based 3d plant recon ...201425332504
the stripe rust resistance gene yr10 encodes an evolutionary-conserved and unique cc-nbs-lrr sequence in wheat.the first seedling or all-stage resistance (r) r gene against stripe rust isolated from moro wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using a map-based cloning approach was identified as yr10. clone 4b of this gene encodes a highly evolutionary-conserved and unique cc-nbs-lrr sequence. clone 4e, a homolog of yr10, but lacking transcription start site (tss) and putative tata-box and caat-box, is likely a non-expressed pseudogene. clones 4b and 4e are 84% identical and divergent in the intron and the lrr doma ...201425336565
[ecotoxicological effect and soil environmental criteria of the heavy metal chromium(vi)].nowadays, systematic studies about water quality criteria are being carried out in china, but studies on soil environmental criteria are comparatively insufficient. in this study, germination and root growth of 8 terrestrial plants (triticum aestivum, lactuca sativa, cucumis sativus, zea mays, brassica pekinensis, glycine max, allium tuberosum and solanum lycopersicum) and growth inhibition of 1 terrestrial animal (achatina fulica) were used to determine the chronic ecotoxicological effects of c ...201425338393
bioaccessibility of polyphenols from wheat (triticum aestivum), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), green gram (vigna radiata), and chickpea (cicer arietinum) as influenced by domestic food processing.cereals (wheat and sorghum) and legumes (green gram and chickpea) commonly consumed in asia and africa were evaluated for polyphenolic content. bioaccessibility of polyphenols from these grains as influenced by domestic processing was also estimated. total polyphenol content of wheat and sorghum was 1.20 and 1.12 mg/g respectively, which was increased by 49% and 20% respectively, on roasting. in contrast, a significant reduction of the same was observed in both the cereals after pressure-cooking ...201425340251
identification of kernel proteins associated with the resistance to fusarium head blight in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).numerous potential components involved in the resistance to fusarium head blight (fhb) in cereals have been indicated, however, our knowledge regarding this process is still limited and further work is required. two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) lines differing in their levels of resistance to fhb were analyzed to identify the most crucial proteins associated with resistance in this species. the presented work involved analysis of protein abundance in the kernel bulks of more resistant and ...025340555
evolutionary history of methyltransferase 1 genes in hexaploid wheat.plant and animal methyltransferases are key enzymes involved in dna methylation at cytosine residues, required for gene expression control and genome stability. taking advantage of the new sequence surveys of the wheat genome recently released by the international wheat genome sequencing consortium, we identified and characterized met1 genes in the hexaploid wheat triticum aestivum (tamet1).201425342325
flowering time control in european winter wheat.flowering time is an important trait in wheat breeding as it affects adaptation and yield potential. the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic architecture of flowering time in european winter bread wheat cultivars. to this end a population of 410 winter wheat varieties was evaluated in multi-location field trials and genotyped by a genotyping-by-sequencing approach and candidate gene markers. our analyses revealed that the photoperiod regulator ppd-d1 is the major factor affecting fl ...201425346745
can we use photography to estimate radiation interception by a crop canopy?accuracy of determining radiation interception, and hence radiation use efficiency, depends on the method of measuring photosynthetically active radiation intercepted. methods vary, from expensive instruments such as sunfleck ceptometers to simple methods such as digital photography. however, before universal use of digital photography there is need to determine its reliability and compare it with conventional, but expensive, methods. in a series of experiments at lincoln, new zealand, canopy de ...025348838
extensive pericentric rearrangements in the bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotype "chinese spring" revealed from chromosome shotgun sequence data.the bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotype "chinese spring" ("cs") is the reference base in wheat genetics and genomics. pericentric rearrangements in this genotype were systematically assessed by analyzing homoeoloci for a set of nonredundant genes from brachypodium distachyon, triticum urartu, and aegilops tauschii in the cs chromosome shotgun sequence obtained from individual chromosome arms flow-sorted from cs aneuploid lines. based on patterns of their homoeologous arm locations, 551 g ...201425349265
the phytotoxicity of zno nanoparticles on wheat varies with soil properties.zn is an essential element for plants yet some soils are zn-deficient and/or have low zn-bioavailability. this paper addresses the feasibility of using zno nanoparticles (nps) as soil amendments to improve zn levels in the plant. the effects of soil properties on phytotoxicity and zn bioavailability from the nps were studied by using an acidic and a calcareous alkaline soil. in the acid soil, the zno nps caused dose-dependent phytotoxicity, observed as inhibition of elongation of roots of wheat, ...201525351960
isolation, chemical characterization, and free radical scavenging activity of phenolics from triticum aestivum l. aerial parts.fourteen phenolic compounds (flavonoids and phenolic acids) were isolated and 19 were identified in the aerial parts of triticum aestivum l. the structures of these compounds were established on the basis of the data obtained by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (esi-ms) and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) techniques. t. aestivum l. was found to be rich in flavones, especially in luteolin derivatives. three of the isolated compounds, including luteolin 6-c-[6glc″-o-e-caffeoyl-β-d-glucop ...201425356666
near-isogenic lines of triticum aestivum with distinct modes of resistance exhibit dissimilar transcriptional regulation during diuraphis noxia feeding.russian wheat aphid (diuraphis noxia, kurdjumov) feeding on susceptible triticum aestivum l. leads to leaf rolling, chlorosis and plant death - symptoms not present in resistant lines. although the effects of several d. noxia (dn) resistance genes are known, none have been isolated or characterized. wheat varieties expressing different dn genes exhibit distinct modes of d. noxia resistance, such as antibiosis (dn1), tolerance (dn2), and antixenosis (dn5). however, the mechanism whereby feeding a ...201425361582
comparative transcriptional profiling of two wheat genotypes, with contrasting levels of minerals in grains, shows expression differences during grain filling.wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. to identify the candidate genes for mineral accumulation, it is important to examine differential transcriptome between wheat genotypes, with contrasting levels of minerals in grains. a transcriptional comparison of developing grains was carried out between two wheat genotypes- triticum aestivum cv. wl711 (low grain mineral), and t. aestivum l. iitr26 (high grain mineral), using affymetrix genechip wheat genome array. the study identi ...201425364903
dynamics of small rna profiles of virus and host origin in wheat cultivars synergistically infected by wheat streak mosaic virus and triticum mosaic virus: virus infection caused a drastic shift in the endogenous small rna profile.co-infection of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by wheat streak mosaic virus (wsmv, a tritimovirus) and triticum mosaic virus (trimv, a poacevirus) of the family potyviridae causes synergistic interaction. in this study, the effects of the synergistic interaction between wsmv and trimv on endogenous and virus-derived small interfering rnas (vsirnas) were examined in susceptible ('arapahoe') and temperature-sensitive resistant ('mace') wheat cultivars at 18°c and 27°c. single and double infections i ...201425365307
influence of zn-contaminated soils in the antioxidative defence system of wheat (triticum aestivum) and maize (zea mays) at different exposure times: potential use as biomarkers.in this study, we evaluated the antioxidant responses of wheat and maize growing in zn-treated soils (200, 450 and 900 mg kg(-1)) at different exposure times (7, 14, 21 and 35 days). the zn concentration in the plants increased with an increase in the zn concentration in the soil, thereby causing an increase in the accumulation of mg and mn. the emergence of wheat and the growth of maize were inhibited by zn. the chlorophyll levels increased in wheat, whereas the opposite effect was observed in ...201525366467
the house mouse (mus musculus l.) exerts strong differential grain consumption preferences among hard red and white spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties in a single-elimination tournament design.wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plays a central role in the health and nutrition of humans. yet, little is known about possible flavor differences among different varieties. we have developed a model system using the house mouse (mus musculus l.) to determine feeding preferences as a prelude to extending results to human sensory analysis. here, we examine the application of a single-elimination tournament design to the analysis of consumption preferences of a set of hard red and hard white spring w ...201425367372
fungicide effects on fungal community composition in the wheat phyllosphere.the fungicides used to control diseases in cereal production can have adverse effects on non-target fungi, with possible consequences for plant health and productivity. this study examined fungicide effects on fungal communities on winter wheat leaves in two areas of sweden. high-throughput 454 sequencing of the fungal its2 region yielded 235 operational taxonomic units (otus) at the species level from the 18 fields studied. it was found that commonly used fungicides had moderate but significant ...201425369054
carbon dioxide emissions as affected by alternative long-term irrigation and tillage management practices in the lower mississippi river valley.ensuring the sustainability of cultivated soils is an ever-increasing priority for producers in the lower mississippi river valley (lmrv). as groundwater sources become depleted and environmental regulations become more strict, producers will look to alternative management practices that will ensure the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of their production systems. this study was conducted to assess the long-term (>7 years) effects of irrigation (i.e., irrigated and dryland production) and t ...201425371912
spatial and temporal variations of crop fertilization and soil fertility in the loess plateau in china from the 1970s to the 2000s.increased fertilizer input in agricultural systems during the last few decades has resulted in large yield increases, but also in environmental problems. we used data from published papers and a soil testing and fertilization project in shaanxi province during the years 2005 to 2009 to analyze chemical fertilizer inputs and yields of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and maize (zea mays l.) on the farmers' level, and soil fertility change from the 1970s to the 2000s in the loess plateau in china. the ...201425380401
exploring the transfer of recent plant photosynthates to soil microbes: mycorrhizal pathway vs direct root exudation.plants rapidly release photoassimilated carbon (c) to the soil via direct root exudation and associated mycorrhizal fungi, with both pathways promoting plant nutrient availability. this study aimed to explore these pathways from the root's vascular bundle to soil microbial communities. using nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanosims) imaging and (13) c-phospho- and neutral lipid fatty acids, we traced in-situ flows of recently photoassimilated c of (13) co2 -exposed wheat (triticum aes ...201525382456
mapping qtl for the traits associated with heat tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).high temperature (heat) stress during grain filling is a major problem in most of the wheat growing areas. developing heat tolerant cultivars has become a principal breeding goal in the southern and central great plain areas of the usa. traits associated with high temperature tolerance can be used to develop heat tolerant cultivars in wheat. the present study was conducted to identify chromosomal regions associated with thylakoid membrane damage (tmd), plasmamembrane damage (pmd), and spad chlor ...201425384418
potential and limits to unravel the genetic architecture and predict the variation of fusarium head blight resistance in european winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).genome-wide mapping approaches in diverse populations are powerful tools to unravel the genetic architecture of complex traits. the main goals of our study were to investigate the potential and limits to unravel the genetic architecture and to identify the factors determining the accuracy of prediction of the genotypic variation of fusarium head blight (fhb) resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) based on data collected with a diverse panel of 372 european varieties. the wheat lines were phe ...201525388142
development of irap- and remap-derived scar markers for marker-assisted selection of the stripe rust resistance gene yr15 derived from wild emmer wheat.yr15 provides broad resistance to stripe rust, an important wheat disease. remap- and irap-derived co-dominant scar markers were developed and localize yr15 to a 1.2 cm interval. they are reliable across many cultivars. stripe rust [pucinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (pst)] is one of the most important fungal diseases of wheat, found on all continents and in over 60 countries. wild emmer wheat (triticum dicoccoides), which is the tetraploid progenitor of durum wheat, is a valuable source of novel ...201525388968
uptake and distribution of stable strontium in 26 cultivars of three crop species: oats, wheat, and barley for their potential use in phytoremediation.the main objective of this study was to investigate the accumulation and distribution of strontium (sr) in 26 cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), husk oat (avena sativa l) and naked oat (avena nuda), and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) for their potential use in phytoremediation.sr levels had no effect on the accumulation of shoot biomass at tillering or at maturity. mean shoot sr concentration of naked oat and barley at tillering was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of wheat; neimengk ...201525397985
frizzy panicle drives supernumerary spikelets in bread wheat.bread wheat (triticum aestivum) inflorescences, or spikes, are characteristically unbranched and normally bear one spikelet per rachis node. wheat mutants on which supernumerary spikelets (sss) develop are particularly useful resources for work towards understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying wheat inflorescence architecture and, ultimately, yield components. here, we report the characterization of genetically unrelated mutants leading to the identification of the wheat frizzy panicle (fz ...201525398545
variation in genome composition of blue-aleurone wheat.different blue-aleurone wheats display major differences in chromosome composition, ranging from disomic chromosome additions, substitutions, single chromosome arm introgressions and chromosome translocation of thinopyrum ponticum. anthocyanins are of great importance for human health due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancerogenic potential. in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) their content is low. however, elite lines with blue aleurone exhibit significantl ...201525399318
the response of durum wheat to the preceding crop in a mediterranean environment.crop sequence is an important management practice that may affect durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) production. field research was conducted in 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 seasons in a rain-fed cold mediterranean environment to examine the impact of the preceding crops alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), maize (zea mays l.), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), and bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) on yield and n uptake of four durum wheat varieties. the response of grain yield of durum wheat to the preced ...201425401153
transcriptome and allele specificity associated with a 3bl locus for fusarium crown rot resistance in bread wheat.fusarium pathogens cause two major diseases in cereals, fusarium crown rot (fcr) and head blight (fhb). a large-effect locus conferring resistance to fcr disease was previously located to chromosome arm 3bl (designated as qcrs-3b) and several independent sets of near isogenic lines (nils) have been developed for this locus. in this study, five sets of the nils were used to examine transcriptional changes associated with the qcrs-3b locus and to identify genes linked to the resistance locus as a ...025405461
whole genome association mapping of plant height in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the genetic architecture of plant height was investigated in a set of 358 recent european winter wheat varieties plus 14 spring wheat varieties based on field data in eight environments. genotyping of diagnostic markers revealed the rht-d1b mutant allele in 58% of the investigated varieties, while the rht-b1b mutant was only present in 7% of the varieties. rht-d1 was significantly associated with plant height by using a mixed linear model and employing a kinship matrix to correct for population ...201425405621
microbial-enhanced selenium and iron biofortification of wheat (triticum aestivum l.)--applications in phytoremediation and biofortification.selenium (se) is an essential trace element for humans and other mammals. most dietary se is derived from crops. to develop a se biofortification strategy for wheat, the effect of selenate fertilization and bacterial inoculation on se uptake and plant growth was investigated. yam2, a bacterium with 99% similarity to bacillus pichinotyi, showed many plant growth promoting characteristics. inoculation with yam2 enhanced wheat growth, both in the presence and absence of selenate: yam2-inoculated pl ...201525409246
chromosomal location and comparative genomics analysis of powdery mildew resistance gene pm51 in a putative wheat-thinopyrum ponticum introgression line.powdery mildew (pm) is a very destructive disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). wheat-thinopyrum ponticum introgression line ch7086 was shown to possess powdery mildew resistance possibly originating from th. ponticum. genomic in situ hybridization and molecular characterization of the alien introgression failed to identify alien chromatin. to study the genetics of resistance, ch7086 was crossed with susceptible genotypes. segregation in f2 populations and f2:3 lines tested with chinese bgt r ...201425415194
asymmetric epigenetic modification and elimination of rdna sequences by polyploidization in wheat.rrna genes consist of long tandem repeats clustered on chromosomes, and their products are important functional components of the ribosome. in common wheat (triticum aestivum), rdna loci from the a and d genomes were largely lost during the evolutionary process. this biased dna elimination may be related to asymmetric transcription and epigenetic modifications caused by the polyploid formation. here, we observed both sets of parental nucleolus organizing regions (nors) were expressed after hybri ...201425415973
higher sterol content regulated by cyp51 with concomitant lower phospholipid content in membranes is a common strategy for aluminium tolerance in several plant species.several studies have shown that differences in lipid composition and in the lipid biosynthetic pathway affect the aluminium (al) tolerance of plants, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences. phospholipids create a negative charge at the surface of the plasma membrane and enhance al sensitivity as a result of the accumulation of positively charged al(3+) ions. the phospholipids will be balanced by other electrically neutral lipids, such as sterols. in the p ...201525416794
a high-density, snp-based consensus map of tetraploid wheat as a bridge to integrate durum and bread wheat genomics and breeding.consensus linkage maps are important tools in crop genomics. we have assembled a high-density tetraploid wheat consensus map by integrating 13 data sets from independent biparental populations involving durum wheat cultivars (triticum turgidum ssp. durum), cultivated emmer (t. turgidum ssp. dicoccum) and their ancestor (wild emmer, t. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides). the consensus map harboured 30 144 markers (including 26 626 snps and 791 ssrs) half of which were present in at least two component ma ...201525424506
mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene pm53 introgressed from aegilops speltoides into soft red winter wheat.a powdery mildew resistance gene was introgressed from aegilops speltoides into winter wheat and mapped to chromosome 5bl. closely linked markers will permit marker-assisted selection for the resistance gene. powdery mildew of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a major fungal disease in many areas of the world, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt). host plant resistance is the preferred form of disease prevention because it is both economical and environmentally sound. identification of ...201525425170
wheat responses to sodium vary with potassium use efficiency of cultivars.the role of varied sodium (na) supply in k nutrition of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is not well understood especially among cultivars differing in k efficiency. we examined the response of k-efficient and k-inefficient australian wheat cultivars to na supply (low to high na) under k-deficient and k-adequate conditions. in a pot experiment, wheat cvv wyalkatchem, cranbrook (k-efficient), and cvv gutha, gamenya (k-inefficient) were grown for 8 weeks in a sandy soil containing 40 or 100 mg k/kg in ...201425426133
itraq-based quantitative proteome and phosphoprotein characterization reveals the central metabolism changes involved in wheat grain development.wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is an economically important grain crop. two-dimensional gel-based approaches are limited by the low identification rate of proteins and lack of accurate protein quantitation. the recently developed isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (itraq) method allows sensitive and accurate protein quantification. here, we performed the first itraq-based quantitative proteome and phosphorylated proteins analyses during wheat grain development.201425427527
tahsfa6f is a transcriptional activator that regulates a suite of heat stress protection genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) including previously unknown hsf targets.heat stress is a significant environmental factor adversely affecting crop yield. crop adaptation to high-temperature environments requires transcriptional reprogramming of a suite of genes involved in heat stress protection. this study investigated the role of tahsfa6f, a member of the a6 subclass of heat shock transcription factors, in the regulation of heat stress protection genes in triticum aestivum (bread wheat), a poorly understood phenomenon in this crop species. expression analysis show ...201525428996
conserved cis-regulatory modules in promoters of genes encoding wheat high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits.the concentration and composition of the gliadin and glutenin seed storage proteins (ssps) in wheat flour are the most important determinants of its end-use value. in cereals, the synthesis of ssps is predominantly regulated at the transcriptional level by a complex network involving at least five cis-elements in gene promoters. the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) are encoded by two tightly linked genes located on the long arms of group 1 chromosomes. here, we sequenced and anno ...025429295
variation in ion leakage parameters of two wheat genotypes with different rht-b1 alleles in response to drought.the reaction to soil drying was evaluated in two triticum aestivum near-isogenic lines carrying different alleles of the height-reducing gene rht-b1 based on an improved method for assessment of electrolyte leakage. the two lines were previously shown to differ in their physiological responses to induced water deficit stress. drought was imposed for 6 days on 10-day-old seedlings. ion efflux from leaves was measured conductometrically in multiple time points during the 24 h incubation period, an ...201425431405
identification of cephalosporium stripe resistance quantitative trait loci in two recombinant inbred line populations of winter wheat.identification of genome regions linked to cephalosporium stripe resistance across two populations on chromosome 3bs, 4bs, 5al, c5bl. results were compared to a similar previous study. cephalosporium stripe is a vascular wilt disease of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) caused by the soil-borne fungus cephalosporium gramineum nisikado & ikata. in the usa it is known to be a recurring disease when susceptible cultivars are grown in the wheat-growing region of midwest and pacific northwest. ther ...201525432091
development and characterization of mutant winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) accessions resistant to the herbicide quizalofop.new herbicide resistance traits in wheat were produced through the use of induced mutagenesis. while herbicide-resistant crops have become common in many agricultural systems, wheat has seen few introductions of herbicide resistance traits. a population of hatcher winter wheat treated with ethyl methanesulfonate was screened with quizalofop to identify herbicide-resistant plants. initial testing identified plants that survived multiple quizalofop applications. a series of experiments were design ...201525432092
molecular evaluation of orphan afghan common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) landraces collected by dr. kihara using single nucleotide polymorphic markers.landraces are an important source of genetic diversity in common wheat, but archival collections of afghan wheat landraces remain poorly characterised. the recent development of array based marker systems, particularly single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers, provide an excellent tool for examining the genetic diversity of local populations. here we used snp analysis to demonstrate the importance of afghan wheat landraces and found tremendous genetic diversity and province-specific characte ...201425432399
identification of candidate genes, regions and markers for pre-harvest sprouting resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).pre-harvest sprouting (phs) of wheat grain leads to a reduction in grain yield and quality. the availability of markers for marker-assisted selection (mas) of phs resistance will serve to enhance breeding selection and advancement of lines for cultivar development. the aim of this study was to identify candidate regions and develop molecular markers for phs resistance in wheat. this was achieved via high density mapping of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers from an illumina 90 k infini ...201425432597
triticeae resources in ensembl plants.recent developments in dna sequencing have enabled the large and complex genomes of many crop species to be determined for the first time, even those previously intractable due to their polyploid nature. indeed, over the course of the last 2 years, the genome sequences of several commercially important cereals, notably barley and bread wheat, have become available, as well as those of related wild species. while still incomplete, comparison with other, more completely assembled species suggests ...025432969
molecular cytogenetic characterization and stem rust resistance of five wheat-thinopyrum ponticum partial amphiploids.partial amphiploids created by crossing common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and thinopyrum ponticum (podp.) barkworth & d. r. dewey are important intermediates in wheat breeding because of their resistance to major wheat diseases. in this study, we examined the chromosome compositions of five xiaoyan-series wheat-th. ponticum partial amphiploids (xiaoyan 68, xiaoyan 693, xiaoyan 784, xiaoyan 7430, and xiaoyan 7631) using gish, multicolor-gish, and multicolor-fish. we found several chromosome cha ...201425434682
[a comparative genetic and cytogenetic mapping of wheat chromosome 5b using introgression lines].the genetic map of chromosome 5b has been constructed by using microsatellite (ssr) analysis of 381 plants from the f2 population produced by cross of the chinese spring (cs) and renan cultivars. initially, 180 ssr markers for the common wheat 5b chromosome have been used for analysis of these cultivars. the 32 markers able to detect polymorphism between these cultivars have been located on the genetic map of chromosome 5b. cytogenetic mapping has involved a set of cs 5b chromosome deletion line ...201325438598
practical method for the confirmation of authentic flours of different types of cereals and pseudocereals.gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was used to perform a qualitative analysis of the liposoluble flour extract of different types of cereals (bread wheat and spelt) and pseudocereals (amaranth and buckwheat). in addition to major fatty acids, the liposoluble extract also contained minor fatty acids with more than 20 carbon atoms, higher hydrocarbons and phytosterols. tmsh (trimethylsulfonium hydroxide, 0.2 mol/l in methanol) was used as a trans-esterification reagent. in a trans-esterific ...025442559
native and enzymatically modified wheat (triticum aestivum l.) endogenous lipids in bread making: a focus on gas cell stabilization mechanisms.lipopan f and lecitase ultra lipases were used in straight dough bread making to study how wheat lipids affect bread loaf volume (lv) and crumb structure setting. lipase effects on lv were dose and dough piece weight dependent. the bread quality improving mechanisms exerted by endogenous lipids were studied in terms of gluten network strengthening, which indirectly stabilizes gas cells, and in terms of direct interfacial gas cell stabilization. unlike diacetyl tartaric esters of mono- and diacyl ...201525442598
oligosaccharidic fractions derived from triticum vulgare extract accelerate tissutal repairing processes in in vitro and in vivo models of skin lesions.triticum vulgare has been extensively used in traditional medicine thanks to its properties of accelerating tissue repair. the aqueous extract of triticum vulgare (tve) is currently an active component used by farmaceutici damor in the manufacture of certain pharmaceutical products already marketed in italy and abroad under the brand name fitostimoline(®), in the formulation of cream and medicated gauze and is commonly used for the treatment of decubitus ulcers, sores, burns, scarring delays, dy ...201525446580
identification of tawd40d, a wheat wd40 repeat-containing protein that is associated with plant tolerance to abiotic stresses.tawd40d that encodes a member of wd40 family proteins is a novel gene involved in the wheat response to abiotic stress. tawd40d functions as a positive regulator of plant responses to salt stress and osmotic stress in plant. abiotic stresses can severely affect plant growth and crop productivity. wd40 repeat-containing proteins play a key role in protein-protein or protein-dna interactions by acting as scaffolding molecules and promoting protein activity. in this study, a stress-inducible gene, ...201525447637
selenium distribution and speciation in plant parts of wheat (triticum aestivum) and indian mustard (brassica juncea) from a seleniferous area of punjab, india.the concentration, distribution, and speciation of selenium in different parts of wheat and indian mustard, grown in a seleniferous area in punjab, were investigated using synchrotron based (xas) and classical acid digestion and extraction methods. the analyses revealed a high se enrichment in all investigated plant parts, with se levels in the range of 133-931 mg/kg (dry weight, dw). such high se enrichment is mainly due to the considerable amounts of easily available se detected in the soil, w ...201525461096
overexpression of wheat nf-ya10 gene regulates the salinity stress response in arabidopsis thaliana.the nuclear factor y (nf-y) transcription factor is formed by the interaction of three distinct subunits (nf-ya, -yb and -yc). it targets the ccaat box, a common cis-element in eukaryotic promoters. here, the bread wheat gene tanf-ya10-1 has been isolated from the salinity tolerant cultivar sr3. recombinant tanf-ya10-1 was heterologously produced in escherichia coli, and the purified protein successfully bound to the ccaat motif in vitro. tanf-ya10-1 was down-regulated by the imposition of salin ...201525461698
selenium and sulfur influence ethylene formation and alleviate cadmium-induced oxidative stress by improving proline and glutathione production in wheat.we have studied the influence of selenium (se) and sulfur (s) in the protection of photosynthetic capacity of wheat (triticum aestivum) against cadmium (cd) stress. the involvement of ethylene and its interaction with proline and antioxidant metabolism in the tolerance of plants to cd stress was evaluated. application of se or s alleviated cd-induced oxidative stress by increasing proline accumulation as a result of increased activity of glutamyl kinase (gk) and decreased activity of proline oxi ...201525462073
light regulation of mitochondrial alternative oxidase pathway during greening of etiolated wheat seedlings.this study deals with effects of de-etiolation (48h) of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l., var. irgina) seedlings on differential expression of aox1 genes, levels of aox protein and the alternative respiratory pathway (ap) capacity. as a result of exposure to continuous irradiation of dark-grown wheat seedlings, the respiratory activity and ap capacity in leaves significantly increased during the first 6h of studies. expression of aox1a was up-regulated by light and proved consistent with chang ...201525462970
construction and characterization of three wheat bacterial artificial chromosome libraries.we have constructed three bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) libraries of wheat cultivar triticum aestivum wangshuibai, germplasms t. monococcum ta2026 and ta2033. a total of 1,233,792,170,880 and 263,040 clones were picked and arrayed in 384-well plates. on the basis of genome sizes of 16.8 gb for hexaploid wheat and 5.6 gb for diploid wheat, the three libraries represented 9.05-, 2.60-, and 3.71-fold coverage of the haploid genomes, respectively. an improved descending pooling system for ba ...201425464379
far5, a fatty acyl-coenzyme a reductase, is involved in primary alcohol biosynthesis of the leaf blade cuticular wax in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).a waxy cuticle that serves as a protective barrier against non-stomatal water loss and environmental damage coats the aerial surfaces of land plants. it comprises a cutin polymer matrix and waxes. cuticular waxes are complex mixtures of very long chain fatty acids (vlcfas) and their derivatives. results show that primary alcohols are the major components of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaf blade cuticular waxes. here, the characterization of tafar5 from wheat cv xinong 2718, which is alle ...201525468933
[comparative characteristic of triticum aestivum/triticum durum and triticum aestivum/triticum dicoccum hybrid lines by genomic composition and resistance to fungal diseases under different environmental conditions].the genetic diversity of common wheat hybrid lines triticum aestivum/triticum durum and triticum aestivum/triticum dicoccum (2n = 42, f(6-7)) using chromosome-specific microsatellite (ssr) markers and c-staining of chromosomes was studied. cluster analysis of data obtained by 42 ssr markers indicated that the hybrid lines can be broken into three groups according to their origin. there were two cases of complete genetic similarity between lines 183(2)-2/184(1)-6 and-208-3/213-1, which were obtai ...201325470928
genetic and physical mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene mlhlt in chinese wheat landrace hulutou.a powdery mildew resistance gene mlhlt derived from a chinese wheat landrace maps within a 3.6 centimorgan (cm) genetic interval spanning a 13.4 megabase (mb) physical genomic region on chromosome 1ds. wheat powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt) is a devastating disease that can cause severe yield losses. chinese wheat landrace hulutou confers nearly immune resistance against prevailing bgt isolate e09 in beijing. genetic analysis indicate that the powdery mildew resis ...201525471672
markers for seedling and adult plant crown rot resistance in four partially resistant bread wheat sources.qtl identified for seedling and adult plant crown rot resistance in four partially resistant hexaploid wheat sources. pcr-based markers identified for use in marker-assisted selection. crown rot, caused by fusarium pseudograminearum, is an important disease of wheat in many wheat-growing regions globally. complete resistance to infection by f. pseudograminearum has not been observed in a wheat host, but germplasm with partial resistance to this pathogen has been identified. the partially resista ...201525471673
virulence determinants of pseudomonas syringae strains isolated from grasses in the context of a small type iii effector repertoire.pseudomonas syringae is pathogenic to a large number of plant species. for host colonization and disease progression, strains of this bacterium utilize an array of type iii-secreted effectors and other virulence factors, including small secreted molecules such as syringolin a, a peptide derivative that inhibits the eukaryotic proteasome. in strains colonizing dicotyledonous plants, the compound was demonstrated to suppress the salicylic-acid-dependent defense pathway. here, we analyze virulence ...201425472590
the role of natural enemy foraging guilds in controlling cereal aphids in michigan wheat.insect natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) provide important ecosystem services by suppressing populations of insect pests in many agricultural crops. however, the role of natural enemies against cereal aphids in michigan winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is largely unknown. the objectives of this research were to characterize the natural enemy community in wheat fields and evaluate the role of different natural enemy foraging guilds (foliar-foraging versus ground-dwelling predators) i ...201425473951
genome-wide quantitative trait locus mapping identifies multiple major loci for brittle rachis and threshability in tibetan semi-wild wheat (triticum aestivum ssp. tibetanum shao).tibetan semi-wild wheat (triticum aestivum ssp. tibetanum shao) is a semi-wild hexaploid wheat resource that is only naturally distributed in the qinghai-tibet plateau. brittle rachis and hard threshing are two important characters of tibetan semi-wild wheat. a whole-genome linkage map of t. aestivum ssp. tibetanum was constructed using a recombinant inbred line population (q1028×zm9023) with 186 lines, 564 diversity array technology markers, and 117 simple sequence repeat markers. phenotypic da ...201425474652
dynamic evolution of nbs-lrr genes in bread wheat and its progenitors.extensive studies have focused on the largest class of disease resistance genes (nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat, nbs-lrr) in various plants. however, no research on the dynamic evolution of these genes in domesticated species and their progenitors has been reported. recently published genome sequences of bread wheat and its two ancestors provide a good opportunity for comparing nbs-encoding genes between ancestors and their progeny. over 2000 nbs-encoding genes have been identified ...201525475390
qtl analysis of genetic loci affecting domestication-related spike characters in common wheat.domestication-related changes that govern a spike morphology suitable for seed harvesting in cereals have resulted from mutation and selection of the genes. a synthetic hexaploid wheat (s-6214, genome aabbdd) produced by a cross between durum wheat (aabb) and wild goat grass (dd) showed partial non-domestication-related phenotypes due to genetic effects of the wild goat grass genome. quantitative trait loci (qtls) affecting wheat domestication-related spike characters including spike threshabili ...201425475935
effects of temperature - heavy metal interactions, antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings.in this study, the effect of heat and chromium (cr) heavy metal interactions on wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l. cv. ç-1252 and gun91) was investigated by measuring total chlorophyll and carotenoid levels, catalase (cat) and ascorbate peroxidase (apx) antioxidant enzyme activities, and myb73, erf1 and tasrg gene expression. examination of pigment levels demonstrated a decrease in total chlorophyll in both species of wheat under combined heat and heavy metal stress, while the carotenoid leve ...201425475983
organization and evolution of transposable elements along the bread wheat chromosome 3b.the 17 gb bread wheat genome has massively expanded through the proliferation of transposable elements (tes) and two recent rounds of polyploidization. the assembly of a 774 mb reference sequence of wheat chromosome 3b provided us with the opportunity to explore the impact of tes on the complex wheat genome structure and evolution at a resolution and scale not reached so far.201425476263
ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the detection of durum wheat contamination or adulteration.in this work, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization (uplc-esi)-ms/ms methodology based on multiple reaction monitoring (mrm) for the selective and sensitive detection and quantification of durum wheat adulteration has been developed and fully validated. the targeted analysis was performed by monitoring specific transitions at m/z 543.7 > 657.4 and m/z 543.7 > 299.2 of a species-specific marker derived from a tryptic peptide of puroindoline a (pin-a), a cysteine-rich ...201425476941
a procedure to evaluate the efficiency of surface sterilization methods in culture-independent fungal endophyte studies.extraneous dna interferes with pcr studies of endophytic fungi. a procedure was developed with which to evaluate the removal of extraneous dna. wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves were sprayed with saccharomyces cerevisiae and then subjected to physical and chemical surface treatments. the fungal its1 products were amplified from whole tissue dna extractions. anova was performed on the dna bands representing s. cerevisiae on the agarose gel. band profile comparisons using permutational multivariate ...201425477934
traditional phytoremedies for the treatment of menstrual disorders in district udhampur, j&k, india.herbal remedies form an integral part of healing and are considered to be the oldest forms of health care known to mankind. the present study aims to document traditional phytoremedies for the treatment of menstrual disorders in udhampur district of j&k, india.201525479156
physiological and proteome studies of responses to heat stress during grain filling in contrasting wheat cultivars.experiments to explore physiological and biochemical differences of the effects of heat stress in ten wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars have been performed. based on the response of photosynthesis rates, cell membrane lipid peroxide concentrations and grain yield to heat, six cultivars were clustered as heat-tolerant (cv. '579', cv. '810', cv. '1110', cv. terice, cv. taifun and cv. vinjett) and four as heat-sensitive (cv. '490', cv. '633', cv. '1039' and cv. '1159'). higher rates of photosy ...201525480006
novel and conserved heat-responsive micrornas in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).micrornas (mirnas) are small endogenous rnas of ~22 nucleotides that have been shown to play regulatory role by negatively affecting the expression of genes at the post-transcriptional level. information of mirnas on some important crops like soybean, arabidopsis, and rice, etc. are available, but no study on heat-responsive novel mirnas has yet been reported in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). in the present investigation, a popular wheat cultivar hd2985 was used in small rna library construction ...201525480755
the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in the wheat pericarp.bread wheat producing grain in which the pericarp is purple is considered to be a useful source of dietary anthocyanins. the trait is under the control of the pp-1 homoealleles (mapping to each of the group 7 chromosomes) and pp3 (on chromosome 2a). here, tamyc1 was identified as a likely candidate for pp3. the gene encodes a myc-like transcription factor. in genotypes carrying the dominant pp3 allele, tamyc1 was strongly transcribed in the pericarp and, although at a lower level, also in the co ...201425486242
next-generation sequencing of flow-sorted wheat chromosome 5d reveals lineage-specific translocations and widespread gene duplications.the ~17 gb hexaploid bread wheat genome is a high priority and a major technical challenge for genomic studies. in particular, the d sub-genome is relatively lacking in genetic diversity, making it both difficult to map genetically, and a target for introgression of agriculturally useful traits. elucidating its sequence and structure will therefore facilitate wheat breeding and crop improvement.201425487001
gmpgip3 enhanced resistance to both take-all and common root rot diseases in transgenic wheat.take-all (caused by the fungal pathogen gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, ggt) and common root rot (caused by bipolaris sorokiniana) are devastating root diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). development of resistant wheat cultivars has been a challenge since no resistant wheat accession is available. gmpgip3, one member of polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip) family in soybean (glycine max), exhibited inhibition activity against fungal endopolygalacturonases (pgs) in vitro. in th ...201525487419
a wheat ccaat box-binding transcription factor increases the grain yield of wheat with less fertilizer input.increasing fertilizer consumption has led to low fertilizer use efficiency and environmental problems. identifying nutrient-efficient genes will facilitate the breeding of crops with improved fertilizer use efficiency. this research performed a genome-wide sequence analysis of the a (nfya), b (nfyb), and c (nfyc) subunits of nuclear factor y (nf-y) in wheat (triticum aestivum) and further investigated their responses to nitrogen and phosphorus availability in wheat seedlings. sequence mining tog ...201525489021
genome-wide association study for grain yield and related traits in an elite spring wheat population grown in temperate irrigated environments.through genome-wide association study, loci for grain yield and yield components were identified in chromosomes 5a and 6a in spring wheat (triticum aestivum). genome-wide association study (gwas) was conducted for grain yield (yld) and yield components on a wheat association mapping initiative (wami) population of 287 elite, spring wheat lines grown under temperate irrigated high-yield potential condition in ciudad obregón, mexico, during four crop cycles (from 2009-2010 to 2012-2013). the popul ...201525490985
chromowiz: a web tool to query and visualize chromosome-anchored genes from cereal and model genomes.over the last years reference genome sequences of several economically and scientifically important cereals and model plants became available. despite the agricultural significance of these crops only a small number of tools exist that allow users to inspect and visualize the genomic position of genes of interest in an interactive manner.025491094
internucleosomal dna fragmentation in wild emmer wheat is catalyzed by s1-type endonucleases translocated to the nucleus upon induction of cell death.leaves of cereal plants display nucleosomal fragmentation of dna attributed to the action of nucleases induced during program cell death (pcd). yet, the specific nuclease activity responsible for generating double strand dna breaks (dsbs) that lead to dna fragmentation has not been fully described. here, we characterized a ca2+/mg2+-dependent s1-type endonuclease activity in leaves of wild emmer wheat (triticum dicoccoides köern.) capable of introducing dsbs as demonstrated by the conversion of ...201525497371
examination of polymorphism in hybrid wheat by using amplified fragment length polymorphism marker.to investigate the polymorphism of two groups of male sterile lines and their maintainer lines, we used amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. of the 64 primer pairs, five reproducibly demonstrated polymorphism. group i had 27 polymorphic bands, and group ii had 24 polymorphic bands. the maximum number of polymorphic bands was produced by line 2 (18 polymorphic bands) followed by line 7 (15 polymorphic bands). of the five primer pairs, the highest number of polymorphic bands was produce ...201425501219
comparison of small scale methods for the rapid and efficient extraction of mitochondrial dna from wheat crop suitable for down-stream processes.we evaluated and compared 2 mitochondrial dna (mtdna) extraction methods in terms of dna quality and success of subsequent polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplifications from yellow etiolated shoots of wheat crop (triticum aestivum). mtdna ex-traction is difficult because the presence of metabolites interfere with dna isolation procedures and downstream applications such as dna restriction, amplification, and cloning. the method (with modification) involved inactivation of genomic dna by dnase i ...201425501244
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