Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| a second tylosin resistance determinant, erm b, in arcanobacterium pyogenes. | arcanobacterium pyogenes, a common inhabitant of the mucosal surfaces of livestock, is also a pathogen associated with a variety of infections. in livestock, a. pyogenes is exposed to antimicrobial agents used for prophylaxis and therapy, notably tylosin, a macrolide used extensively for the prevention of liver abscessation in feedlot cattle in the united states. many, but not all, tylosin-resistant a. pyogenes isolates carry erm(x), suggesting the presence of other determinants of tylosin resis ... | 2004 | 14982756 |
| claudin 4 protein expression in primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer: support for use as a therapeutic target. | we performed a comprehensive immunohistochemical evaluation of claudin 4 protein expression in paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 72 patients with primary infiltrating pancreatic cancer, 38 patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer, and a panel of normal control tissue samples from various organs. in 11 samples of primary infiltrating pancreatic cancer, foci of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (panin) were present and also were analyzed for claudin 4 protein expression. intense positive ... | 2004 | 14983936 |
| identification and characterization of clostridium perfringens using single target dna microarray chip. | a dna microarray method was developed to identify the presence of toxin genes: encoding beta toxin (cpb), epsilon toxin (etx), enterotoxin (cpe), alpha toxin (cpa), and iota toxin (ia) in clostridium perfringens. to build the dna chip, each gene sequence was represented by one approximately 22-bp amino-modified oligonucleotide printed twice on aldehyde-coated slides. multiplex pcr with cy3 and cy5-dctp derivatized fluorescent nucleotides was used to label five genes and fluorescent probes were p ... | 2004 | 14984776 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of glcnac alpha 1,4gal-releasing endo-beta-galactosidase from clostridium perfringens. | the unique clostridial endo-beta-galactosidase (endo-beta-gal(gnga)) capable of releasing the disaccharide glcnac alpha 1,4gal from o-glycans expressed in the gastric gland mucous cell-type mucin has been crystallized. the crystal belongs to space group p6(3), with unit-cell parameters a = 160.4, c = 86.1 a. under cryocooled conditions and using a synchrotron x-ray source, the crystals diffract to 1.82 a resolution. the asymmetric unit contains two or three molecules. | 2004 | 14993685 |
| primary abscess of the omentum: report of a case. | we report a case of a primary abscess of the omentum without any obvious etiology. a 62-year-old man was referred to our clinic with lower abdominal pain, and computed tomography showed an intra-abdominal abscess in the left pelvic area. laparotomy revealed that the abscess adhered to the urinary bladder and abdominal wall, but no perforation of the alimentary tract was identified and there was no foreign body in the abscess cavity. a culture of the abscess fluid grew clostridium perfringens. th ... | 2004 | 14999541 |
| enteritis necroticans caused by clostridium perfringens type a. | 2004 | 15001960 | |
| highly conserved alpha-toxin sequences of avian isolates of clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens causes necrotic enteritis in chickens, and alpha-toxin has been suggested to be a key virulence determinant. analysis of the alpha-toxin of 25 chicken-derived c. perfringens strains demonstrated high homology to mammal-derived strains rather than to the only avian-derived c. perfringens alpha-toxin sequence reported previously. | 2004 | 15004115 |
| the large resolvase tnpx is the only transposon-encoded protein required for transposition of the tn4451/3 family of integrative mobilizable elements. | chloramphenicol resistance in clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile is often encoded by catp genes located within the 6.3 kb integrative mobilizable elements tn4451 and tn4453 respectively. this family of transposons is capable of being mobilized into a recipient cell in the presence of another conjugative element. transposition is mediated by the large resolvase tnpx, which excises the element to produce a circular molecule that is the integrative intermediate. in this study, in viv ... | 2004 | 15009902 |
| role of clostridium perfringens phospholipase c in the pathogenesis of gas gangrene. | gas gangrene is an acute and devastating infection most frequently caused by clostridium perfringens and characterized by severe myonecrosis, intravascular leukocyte accumulation, and significant thrombosis. several lines of evidence indicate that c. perfringens phospholipase c (cp-plc), also called alpha-toxin, is the major virulence factor in this disease. this toxin is a zn2+ metalloenzyme with lecithinase and sphingomyelinase activities. its three dimensional structure shows two domains, an ... | 2003 | 15019495 |
| detergent-resistant membrane microdomains facilitate ib oligomer formation and biological activity of clostridium perfringens iota-toxin. | clostridium perfringens iota-toxin consists of two separate proteins identified as a cell binding protein, iota b (ib), which forms high-molecular-weight complexes on cells generating na(+)/k(+)-permeable pores through which iota a (ia), an adp-ribosyltransferase, presumably enters the cytosol. identity of the cell receptor and membrane domains involved in ib binding, oligomer formation, and internalization is currently unknown. in this study, vero (toxin-sensitive) and mrc-5 (toxin-resistant) c ... | 2004 | 15039342 |
| phospholipids of clostridium perfringens: a reexamination. | we have identified phosphatidylethanolamine as one of the major phospholipids of clostridium perfringens by two dimensional thin layer chromatography of the intact lipids and of their deacylation products and by liquid chromatography followed by mass spectrometry of the intact neutral phospholipid fraction. the principal fatty acids of phosphatidylethanolamine are myristic acid (14:0), lauric acid (12:0), and palmitic acid (16:0) and the major molecular species are 14:0,14:0 (26.3%); 12:0,14:0 ( ... | 2004 | 15043870 |
| effects of dietary protein source and level on intestinal populations of clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens. | two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of the level of dietary crude protein and protein source on intestinal populations of clostridium perfringens in broilers. in experiment 1, 6 groups of 12 birds were fed diets containing 230,315 or 400 g/kg crude protein with soy protein concentrate (spc) or low-temperature-dried fishmeal as the major protein sources in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. a significant interaction between protein source and level was observed where th ... | 2004 | 15049494 |
| pneumoretroperitoneum in two patients with clostridium perfringens necrotizing pancreatitis. | pancreatic gas gangrene is an uncommon and often fatal complication of acute pancreatitis, due to the sporulating anaerobe clostridium perfringens. c. perfringens is a normal constituent of colonic flora, but infects the pancreas by either transmural spread from the colon or via the biliary tree. only three reported cases in the world literature describe acute pancreatitis with pneumoretroperitoneum and clostridial infection. two separate cases, at the same institution, of acute pancreatitis com ... | 2004 | 15055853 |
| quality assurance of c. perfringens epsilon toxoid vaccines--elisa versus mouse neutralisation test. | clostridium (c.) perfringens is a gram-positive anaerobic spore-forming bacterium. disease caused by c. perfringens infection is called enterotoxaemia. c. perfringens strains are classified on the basis of the lethal exotoxins formed by the bacteria. epsilon toxin is one of the major lethal toxins and is formed by c. perfringens types b and d. c. perfringens is an ubiquitous bacterium. infection occurs via food, water, animal litter or soil. affected animals include mainly sheep, pigs and cattle ... | 2004 | 15057410 |
| enumeration of clostridium perfringens spores in groundwater samples: comparison of six culture media. | in order to investigate the ability of fluorocult-supplemented tsc agar (tscf (fluorocult supplemented tsc-agar): prepared from tryptose sulfite cycloserine agar base (merck), d-cycloserine (fluka chemika, usa), and fluorocult tsc-agar supplement (merck)) for detecting spores of clostridium perfringens in water, we analyzed groundwater samples, pretreated by heating to 80 degrees c/5 min, using this fluorogenic medium together with five other media: mcp agar (panreac; cultimed), tsc agar (merck, ... | 2004 | 15063057 |
| disruption of the gene (spo0a) encoding sporulation transcription factor blocks endospore formation and enterotoxin production in enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens type a. | this study identified a functional spo0a orf in enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens type a. to evaluate the function of spo0a, an isogenic spo0a knock-out mutant was constructed. the spo0a mutant was unable to form endospores and produce enterotoxin, however, these defects could be restored by complementing the mutant with a recombinant plasmid carrying the wild-type spo0a gene. these results provide evidence that spo0a expression is essential for sporulation and enterotoxin production in c. ... | 2004 | 15063491 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of swedish, norwegian and danish isolates of clostridium perfringens from poultry, and distribution of tetracycline resistance genes. | this study was undertaken to determine the in vitro susceptibility of clostridium perfringens, isolated from poultry to antimicrobials used in poultry production. the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of eight antimicrobials, including the ionophoric coccidiostat narasin, was determined for 102 c. perfringens isolates, 58 from sweden, 24 from norway and 20 from denmark. susceptibility to each antimicrobial compound was determined by broth microdilution. the isolates were obtained from broil ... | 2004 | 15066727 |
| comparative analysis of gene expression among low g+c gram-positive genomes. | we present a comparative analysis of predicted highly expressed (phx) genes in the low g+c gram-positive genomes of bacillus subtilis, bacillus halodurans, listeria monocytogenes, listeria innocua, lactococcus lactis, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, clostridium acetobutylicum, and clostridium perfringens. most enzymes acting in glycolysis and fermentation pathways are phx in these genomes, but not those involved in the tca cycle and respiration, suggestin ... | 2004 | 15069198 |
| reduced sensitivity of niemann-pick c1-deficient cells to theta-toxin (perfringolysin o): sequestration of toxin to raft-enriched membrane vesicles. | theta-toxin (perfringolysin o) binds to cell surface cholesterol and forms oligomeric pores that cause membrane damage. both in cytotoxicity and cell survival assays, a mutant chinese hamster ovary cell line npc1(-) that lacked niemann-pick c1 showed reduced sensitivity to theta-toxin, compared with wild-type (wt) cells. bctheta is a derivative of theta-toxin that retains cholesterol-binding activity but lacks cytotoxicity. confocal and electron microscopy revealed the presence of multiple vesic ... | 2004 | 15069562 |
| multiplex pcr genotyping assay that distinguishes between isolates of clostridium perfringens type a carrying a chromosomal enterotoxin gene (cpe) locus, a plasmid cpe locus with an is1470-like sequence, or a plasmid cpe locus with an is1151 sequence. | clostridium perfringens type a isolates carrying the enterotoxin (cpe) gene are important causes of both food poisoning and non-food-borne diarrheas in humans. in north america and europe, food poisoning isolates were previously shown to carry a chromosomal cpe gene, while non-food-borne gastrointestinal (gi) disease isolates from those two geographic locations were found to have a plasmid cpe gene. in this report, we describe the development of an economical multiplex pcr cpe genotyping assay t ... | 2004 | 15071003 |
| clostridium perfringens type a and beta2 toxin associated with enterotoxemia in a 5-week-old goat. | postmortem examination of a boer buck kid that died peracutely revealed diffusely congested, edematous bowel. clostridium perfringens type a was isolated. some isolates carried the gene for beta2 toxin, suggesting a role for beta2 toxin in caprine enterotoxemia, a common cause of death in growing kids. | 2004 | 15072200 |
| survey of peafowl (pavo cristatus) for potential pathogens at three michigan zoos. | blood samples collected from 31 free-roaming peafowl from three zoos in michigan were tested serologically. antibody titers were present against avian adenovirus and bordetella avium in 19.3% and 61.3% of the samples, respectively. serum plate agglutination tests were positive for mycoplasma meleagridis and mycoplasma synoviae in 3.2% and 38.7% of the samples, respectively. all birds were seronegative for avian influenza, newcastle disease virus, west nile virus, mycoplasma gallisepticum, salmon ... | 2003 | 15077714 |
| pathogenesis of brain damage produced in sheep by clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin: a review. | microvascular endothelial damage by the epsilon toxin of clostridium perfringens type d appears to be the fundamental cause of cerebral parenchymal injury and lesions occur in a seemingly dose- and time-dependent manner. large doses of circulating toxin produce a severe, generalised, vasogenic cerebral oedema and an acute or peracute clinical course to death. with lower doses of toxin, or in partially immune sheep, focal necrosis, often bilaterally symmetrical, occurs in certain selectively vuln ... | 2003 | 15080445 |
| [emphysematous cystitis complicated by bladder perforation: diagnosis and treatment of a rare case]. | emphysematous cystitis is a rare disease mainly encountered in poorly controlled diabetics, immunodepressed patients or patients with infravesical obstruction. the pathophysiology of this disease is characterized by the formation of carbon dioxide (co2) present in the lumen and/or bladder wall, derived from bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates. the bacteria most frequently responsible are facultative aerobes-anaerobes (escherichia coli) and more rarely strict anaerobes (clostridium perfringen ... | 2004 | 15098763 |
| the host cell chaperone hsp90 is necessary for cytotoxic action of the binary iota-like toxins. | the heat shock protein hsp90 is essential for uptake of the binary actin adp-ribosylating toxins clostridium perfringens iota-toxin and clostridium difficile transferase into eukaryotic cells. inhibition of hsp90 by its specific inhibitor radicicol delayed intoxication of vero cells by these toxins. a common hsp90-dependent mechanism for their translocation is discussed. | 2004 | 15102823 |
| [an outbreak of diarrheal disease caused by enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens following exposure to a contaminated environment in a nursing home]. | we herein report an outbreak of non-food-borne diarrhea which occurred in a nursing home due to enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens. the regional public health center in gifu, japan, recognized 7 patients with diarrhea in a nursing home, suspecting a food-borne illness. bacteriological and epidemiological studies indicated that enterotoxigenic c. perfringens was the causative agent. however, suspected foods, the kitchen and the cooks carried no enteropathogenic bacteria, indicating that this ... | 2004 | 15103891 |
| the effect of two different blends of essential oil components on the proliferation of clostridium perfringens in the intestines of broiler chickens. | the effect of 2 different blends of essential oils on clostridium perfringens (cp) in the intestine and feces of broiler chickens was tested in 6 field trials for each blend. one hundred parts per million of the blends were mixed in a commercial corn-based diet throughout the entire growing period for experimental flocks. samples from the jejunum, cecum, cloaca, and feces were taken on d 14, 21, and 30 from experimental and control flocks and tested quantitatively for cp via blood agar plate, li ... | 2004 | 15109065 |
| clostridium perfringens enterotoxin elicits rapid and specific cytolysis of breast carcinoma cells mediated through tight junction proteins claudin 3 and 4. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) induces cytolysis very rapidly through binding to its receptors, the tight junction proteins cldn 3 and 4. in this study, we investigated cldn 3 and 4 expression in breast cancer and tested the potential of cpe-mediated therapy. cldn 3 and 4 proteins were detected in all primary breast carcinomas tested (n = 21) and, compared to normal mammary epithelium, were overexpressed in approximately 62% and 26%, respectively. treatment of breast cancer cell lines ... | 2004 | 15111309 |
| suspected necrotic enteritis in wild swans. | 2004 | 15119736 | |
| pneumoperitoneum from gas gangrene of the pancreas: three unusual findings in a single case. | a 62-year-old man was first seen with acute pancreatitis with diffuse intrapancreatic gas and pneumoperitoneum. an immediate exploratory operation revealed diffuse pancreatic necrosis but no perforated viscus; postoperatively, the patient rapidly died. this case represents a constellation of extremely rare findings: clostridium perfringens infection of the pancreas, pancreatic emphysema or "gas gangrene," and pneumoperitoneum without a perforated viscus. | 2004 | 15120375 |
| microbial-gut interactions in health and disease. antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. | most cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (aad) are directly or indirectly due to the alteration of gut microflora by antibiotics. 'functional' diarrhoea, usually limited to a mild and brief change in stool frequency, is considered as the most frequent pattern of aad. reduced carbohydrate fermentation and impaired metabolism of bile acids have been claimed as the potential causes of this transient digestive discomfort but a critical analysis of the data supporting these theories is necessary ... | 2004 | 15123074 |
| an extracytoplasmic-function sigma factor is involved in a pathway controlling beta-exotoxin i production in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis strain 407-1. | beta-exotoxin i is an insecticidal nucleotide analogue secreted by various bacillus thuringiensis strains. in this report, we describe the characterization and transcriptional analysis of a gene cluster, designated sigw-ecfx-ecfy, that is essential for beta-exotoxin i production in b. thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis strain 407-1. in this strain, the disruption of the sigw cluster resulted in nontoxic culture supernatants. sigw encodes a protein of 177 residues that is 97 and 94% identical to ... | 2004 | 15126472 |
| detection of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens type a isolates in american retail foods. | currently there is only limited understanding of the reservoirs for clostridium perfringens type a food poisoning. a recent survey (y.-t. lin and r. labbe, appl. environ. microbiol. 69:1642-1646, 2003) of non-outbreak american retail foods did not identify the presence of a single c. perfringens isolate carrying the enterotoxin gene (cpe) necessary for causing food poisoning. the present study revisited this issue, using revised methodology and food sampling strategies. in our survey, cpe-positi ... | 2004 | 15128519 |
| evaluation of a clostridium perfringens predictive model, developed under isothermal conditions in broth, to predict growth in ground beef during cooling. | proper temperature control is essential in minimizing clostridium perfringens germination, growth, and toxin production. the u.s. department of agriculture (usda) food safety and inspection service (fsis) offers two options for the cooling of meat products: follow a standard time-temperature schedule or validate that alternative cooling regimens result in no more than a 1-log(10) cfu/g increase of c. perfringens and no growth of clostridium botulinum. a mathematical model developed by juneja et ... | 2004 | 15128525 |
| diagnostic multiplex pcr for toxin genotyping of clostridium perfringens isolates. | in this study we provide a protocol for genotyping clostridium perfringens with a new multiplex pcr. this pcr enables reliable and specific detection of the toxin genes cpa, cpb, etx, iap, cpe and cpb2 from heat lysed bacterial suspensions. the efficiency of the protocol was demonstrated by typing c. perfringens reference strains and isolates from veterinary bacteriological routine diagnostic specimens. | 2004 | 15135508 |
| inhibitory effects of organic acid salts on growth of clostridium perfringens from spore inocula during chilling of marinated ground turkey breast. | inhibition of clostridium perfringens germination and outgrowth by salts of organic acids such as sodium lactate, sodium acetate, buffered sodium citrate and buffered sodium citrate supplemented with sodium diacetate was evaluated during continuous chilling of ground turkey. turkey breast meat was injected with a brine-containing nacl, potato starch and potassium tetra pyrophosphate to yield final in-product concentrations of 0.85%, 0.25% and 0.20%, respectively. the meat was ground, mixed with ... | 2004 | 15135954 |
| screening of bacterial contamination during gelatine production by means of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, focussed on bacillus and related endospore-forming genera. | to screen for bacterial contamination during gelatine production by means of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). as members of bacillus and related genera were found to persist in the final product, this study focussed on these taxa. | 2004 | 15139926 |
| gas gangrene due to clostridium perfringens in two injecting drug users in vienna, austria. | we describe two cases of severe myonecrotic infections caused by clostridium perfringens in injecting drug users (idus) in vienna, austria. clostridial myonecrosis, or gas gangrene, is a clostridial infection primarily of muscle tissue. c. perfringens is isolated in 90% of these infections. other clostridial species isolated are c. novyi, c. septicum, c. histolyticum, c. fallax, and c. bifermentans. classically, clostridial myonecrosis has an acute presentation and a fulminant clinical course. i ... | 2004 | 15143867 |
| necrotic enteritis in mute swans associated with cyanobacterial toxins. | 2004 | 15144011 | |
| 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid butylamine and other ionic liquid matrixes for enhanced maldi-ms analysis of biomolecules. | the performance of the new ionic liquid maldi-ms matrix 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid butylamine (dhbb) was assessed and compared to results obtained with the ionic liquid maldi-ms matrixes alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid butylamine (chcab), 3,5-dimethoxycinnamic acid triethylamine (sintri), and the frequently used solid maldi matrixes 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (dhb) and alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (chca). the vacuum-stable, liquid consistency of ionic liquid matrix sample preparations con ... | 2004 | 15144208 |
| in vitro activity of ertapenem: review of recent studies. | ertapenem is a long-acting, 1beta-methyl parenteral group 1 carbapenem antibiotic that has a broad antibacterial spectrum and once-a-day dosing supported by clinical studies. ertapenem is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including enterobacteriaceae, streptococcus pneumoniae and most species of anaerobic bacteria. isolates from a variety of infections (intra-abdominal infections, skin/soft-tissue infections, community-acquired pneumonia, pelvic infections and urinary ... | 2004 | 15150179 |
| the spatial organization of the virr boxes is critical for virr-mediated expression of the perfringolysin o gene, pfoa, from clostridium perfringens. | the transcriptional regulation of toxin production in the gram-positive anaerobe clostridium perfringens involves a two-component signal transduction system that comprises the virs sensor histidine kinase and its cognate response regulator, virr. previous studies showed that virr binds independently to a pair of imperfect direct repeats, now designated virr box 1 and virr box 2, located immediately upstream of the promoter of the pfoa gene, which encodes the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, perf ... | 2004 | 15150217 |
| clostridium fallax associated with sudden death in a 16-year-old boy. | clostridial myonecrosis or gas gangrene occurs most frequently in contaminated wounds following trauma or surgery. it is caused by a wide variety of clostridium species, the most common being clostridium perfringens. spontaneous, non-traumatic clostridial myonecrosis is uncommon and is usually associated with gastrointestinal and haematological malignancy, diabetes mellitus and peripheral vascular disease. the case of a previously healthy 16-year-old boy with acute onset of gastrointestinal symp ... | 2004 | 15150341 |
| characterization of bacillus cereus isolates from raw soybean sprouts. | raw soybean sprouts, which are used as ingredients in cook-chilled products, were analyzed to evaluate the incidence of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms, psychrotrophic microorganisms, anaerobic microorganisms, coliforms, and spore-forming microorganisms bacillus cereus, clostridium botulinum, and clostridium perfringens. mesophilic microorganisms on raw soybean sprouts were present in large populations, 5.5 x 10(6) to 1.4 x 10(8) cfu/g, and psychrotrophic microorganisms were found to be more n ... | 2004 | 15151246 |
| what has happened in norway after the ban of avoparcin? consumption of antimicrobials by poultry. | when avoparcin was prohibited for use as feed additive in poultry in norway on 31 may 1995, an increased incidence of clostridium perfringens-associated necrotic enteritis (ne) and an increase in the use of antibacterial (ab) drug therapy in meat-type poultry was expected. the consumption of ab drugs for use against ne in poultry in the period 1990-2001 was investigated by use of sales statistics at the drug-wholesaler level. defined daily dose (ddd) per kg live weight poultry was the unit of me ... | 2004 | 15154685 |
| binding and internalization of clostridium perfringens iota-toxin in lipid rafts. | clostridium perfringens iota-toxin is a binary toxin composed of an enzymatic component (ia) and a binding component (ib). the oligomer of ib formed in membranes induces endocytosis. we examined the binding and internalization of ib by using cy3-labeled ib. labeled ib was retained at the membranes of mdck cells for 60 min of incubation at 37 degrees c, and later it was detected in cytoplasmic vesicles. to determine whether ib associates with lipid rafts, we incubated mdck cells with ib at 4 or 3 ... | 2004 | 15155629 |
| purification of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria. | bacteriocins are antibacterial substances of a proteinaceous nature that are produced by different bacterial species. lactic acid bacteria (lab) produce biologically active peptides or protein complexes that display a bactericidal mode of action almost exclusively toward gram-positive bacteria and particularly toward closely related species. generally they are active against food spoilage and foodborne pathogenic microorganisms including bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus a ... | 2004 | 15156043 |
| dietary antibiotic growth promoters enhance the bioavailability of alpha-tocopheryl acetate in broilers by altering lipid absorption. | the influence of intestinal microbial bile salt deconjugation on absorption of fatty acids and alpha- and gamma-tocopherol was investigated in a trial with ross 208 broilers. birds (n = 1600) were assigned to 4 dietary treatments: no supplementation or supplementation of antibiotics (salinomycin, 40 mg/kg feed and avilamycin, 10 mg/kg feed), and inclusion of either animal fat (10 g/100 g feed) or soybean oil (10 g/100 g feed) in the diet. at d 7, 14, 21, and 35 of age, the intestinal number of t ... | 2004 | 15173416 |
| spreading factors of mycoplasma alligatoris, a flesh-eating mycoplasma. | mycoplasma alligatoris causes lethal invasive disease of alligators and caimans. a homolog of the nagh gene, encoding a hyaluronidase secreted by clostridium perfringens, and a c. perfringens hyaluronidase nagi or nagk pseudogene were discovered in the m. alligatoris genome. the nagh gene was detected by pcr in the closest relative of m. alligatoris, mycoplasma crocodyli, but not in 40 other species representing the mycoplasma hominis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and spiroplasma phylogenetic clusters ... | 2004 | 15175306 |
| high-level expression of clostridial sialidase using a ferredoxin gene promoter-based plasmid. | a "large" sialidase isozyme (nani) from clostridium perfringens is a representative microbial sialidase with broad substrate specificity, being used for the analysis of sialoglycoconjugates. it is also a possible virulence factor. however, purification of the native enzyme in a large quantity is not practical due to its low productivity. to obtain the enzyme in a satisfactory yield, a gene encoding the nani was transcriptionally fused to the fdx gene promoter (p(fdx)) in a shuttle-vector, pff, a ... | 2004 | 15177286 |
| organization and transcriptional regulation of myo-inositol operon in clostridium perfringens. | myo-inositol operon of clostridium perfringens strain 13 consists of 13 genes with an upstream divergent regulator, iolr. transcriptional analysis showed three separate transcripts for the operon of 15.6, 4.6 and 2.0 kb in length. iolr mutation studies showed that iolr is a negative regulator of the operon at transcriptional level. all the transcripts were induced by myo-inositol in dose- and time-dependent manner. glucose repressed the expression of all the transcripts of myo-inositol operon. w ... | 2004 | 15183876 |
| gas-forming infection from clostridium perfringens in a renal cyst of a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. | 2004 | 15183978 | |
| oxidative stress response in clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens, a strictly anaerobic bacterium, is able to survive when exposed to oxygen for short periods of time and exhibits a complex adaptive response to reactive oxygen species, both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. however, this adaptive response is not completely understood. c. perfringens possesses specialized genes that might be involved in this adaptive process, such as those encoding superoxide dismutase (sod), superoxide reductase and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, ... | 2004 | 15184551 |
| specificity of streptolysin o in cytolysin-mediated translocation. | cytolysin-mediated translocation (cmt) is a recently described process in the gram-positive pathogen streptococcus pyogenes that translocates an effector protein of streptococcal origin into the cytoplasm of a host cell. at least two proteins participate in cmt, the pore-forming molecule streptolysin o (slo) and an effector protein with the characteristics of a signal transduction protein, the streptococcus pyogenes nad-glycohydrolase (spn). in order to begin to elucidate the molecular details o ... | 2004 | 15186416 |
| [search of promising strains of bifidobacteria and lactobacillus for the development of new biopreparations]. | for the first time the species composition of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in clinically healthy young children has been studied. as revealed in this study, the dominating species of bifidobacteria are b. longum, b. adolescentis and b. infantis, while the dominating species of lactobacilli are lactobacillus acidophilus and l. rhamnosus. in 83 isolated cultures of bifidobacteria and 34 isolated species of lactobacilli the activity of acid formation and the antagonistic activity with respect to ... | 2004 | 15188563 |
| effects of autoclaving on bacterial endospores studied by fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. | 2004 | 15198830 | |
| hemophagocytic syndrome associated with clostridial infection in a pancreatic carcinoma patient. | this report describes the autopsy case of a 71-year-old man presenting with clostridial infection and hemophagocytic syndrome (hs). the patient underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for a pancreatic tumor, and a histological examination revealed an invasive ductal adenocarcinoma. multiple peritoneal metastases were noted when laparotomy was performed because of postoperative ileus 2 months after the initial operation. then, acutely progressive anemia associated with fever developed in the patient befo ... | 2004 | 15200276 |
| early intestinal bacterial colonization and necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants: the putative role of clostridium. | necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is among the most severe conditions that can affect preterm infants. although the etiology of nec remains unknown, initial bacterial colonization could play a pivotal role in the development of nec. to further explore the putative relationship between pathogen microorganisms and nec, we conducted a prospective case-control study in 12 preterm infants with a new approach based on molecular techniques. over an inclusion period of 24 mo, 12 neonates of <34 wk gestati ... | 2004 | 15201403 |
| [analysis of genomic structure and regulation of virulence genes of clostridium perfringens]. | 2004 | 15202278 | |
| blinded application of microscopy, bacteriological culture, immunoassays and pcr to detect gastrointestinal pathogens from faecal samples of patients with community-acquired diarrhoea. | a blinded trial in two different laboratories was performed to compare the detection of selected enteric pathogens in 92 unselected faecal samples collected from patients with community-acquired diarrhoea by conventional and pcr-based techniques. conventional techniques detected a single potential etiological agent in 15% of the samples, whereas results of pcr detected evidence of at least one agent in 41% of the samples. overall, the detection rates for the different pathogens were as follows: ... | 2004 | 15205991 |
| influence of whole wheat and xylanase on broiler performance and microbial composition and activity in the digestive tract. | an experiment was carried out to study the effect of different forms of wheat (airtight silo stored whole wheat, conventionally stored whole wheat, and ground wheat included in pellets) and dietary xylanase addition on production results and gastrointestinal characteristics of broiler chickens. ileal viscosity, pancreatic digestive enzyme activities, and the composition and activity of the intestinal microflora were considered as response parameters. differences between the 2 types of whole whea ... | 2004 | 15206619 |
| effect of epsilon toxin-gfp on mdck cells and renal tubules in vivo. | epsilon toxin (epsilon-toxin), produced by clostridium perfringens types b and d, causes fatal enterotoxemia, also known as pulpy kidney disease, in livestock. recombinant epsilon-toxin-green fluorescence protein (epsilon-toxin-gfp) and epsilon-prototoxin-gfp were successfully expressed in escherichia coli. mtt assays on mdck cells confirmed that recombinant epsilon-toxin-gfp retained the cytotoxicity of the native toxin. direct fluorescence analysis of mdck cells revealed a homogeneous peripher ... | 2004 | 15208360 |
| comparative analysis of cryptosporidium, giardia and indicator bacteria during sewage sludge hygienization in various composting processes. | aims: to evaluate the suitability of clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli and enterococci as indicator organisms for cryptosporidium and giardia in treated sludge. methods and results: occurrence of cryptosporidium oocysts and giardia cysts, detected and enumerated by direct immunofluorescence microscopy, were compared with counts of indicator bacteria during six different sewage sludge hygienization processes, including closed reactor and open windrow composting, and sludge sanitation by q ... | 2004 | 15214729 |
| a review of outbreaks of foodborne disease associated with passenger ships: evidence for risk management. | foodborne disease outbreaks on ships are of concern because of their potentially serious health consequences for passengers and crew and high costs to the industry. the authors conducted a review of outbreaks of foodborne diseases associated with passenger ships in the framework of a world health organization project on setting guidelines for ship sanitation. | 2004 | 15219800 |
| influence of several methodological factors on the growth of clostridium perfringens in cooling rate challenge studies. | proper temperature control is essential in preventing clostridium perfringens food poisoning. the u.s. department of agriculture food safety and inspection service cooling guidelines offer two options for the cooling of meat products: follow a standard time-temperature schedule or validate that alternative cooling regimens result in no more than a 1-log cfu/g increase of c. perfringens and no growth of clostridium botulinum. the latter option requires laboratory challenge studies to validate the ... | 2004 | 15222538 |
| evaluation of a predictive model for clostridium perfringens growth during cooling. | proper temperature control is essential in minimizing clostridium perfringens germination, growth, and toxin production. the u.s. department of agriculture food safety and inspection service offers two options for the cooling of meat products: follow a standard time-temperature schedule or validate that alternative cooling regimes result in no more than a 1-log cfu/g increase of c. perfringens and no growth of clostridium botulinum. the juneja 1999 model for c. perfringens growth during cooling ... | 2004 | 15222539 |
| gas gangrene secondary to clostridium perfringens in pediatric oncology patients. | to report 2 cases of severe gas gangrene secondary to clostridium perfringens in pediatric oncology patients. | 2004 | 15232247 |
| membrane-dependent conformational changes initiate cholesterol-dependent cytolysin oligomerization and intersubunit beta-strand alignment. | cholesterol-dependent cytolysins are bacterial protein toxins that bind to cholesterol-containing membranes, form oligomeric complexes and insert into the bilayer to create large aqueous pores. membrane-dependent structural rearrangements required to initiate the oligomerization of perfringolysin o monomers have been identified, as have the monomer-monomer interaction surfaces, using site-specific mutagenesis, disulfide trapping and multiple fluorescence techniques. upon binding to the membrane, ... | 2004 | 15235590 |
| the solution structure and oligomerization behavior of two bacterial toxins: pneumolysin and perfringolysin o. | pneumolysin (ply), an important protein virulence factor of the human bacterial pathogen streptococcus pneumoniae, could be a candidate for inclusion in a new anti-streptococcal vaccine. ply solution species from monomer via multimeric intermediates to ring-shaped oligomers were studied with time-dependent sedimentation velocity in the analytical ultracentrifuge (auc). hydrodynamic bead modeling was used to interpret the data obtained. ply remained mostly monomeric in solution; intermediate ply ... | 2004 | 15240487 |
| newcastle disease virus neuraminidase primes neutrophils for stimulation by galectin-3 and formyl-met-leu-phe. | human neutrophils are activated by the beta-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-3, provided that the cells are primed by in vivo extravasation or by in vitro preactivation with, for example, lps. removal of terminal sialic acid can change neutrophil functionality and responsiveness due to exposure of underlying glycoconjugate receptors or change in surface charge. here, we investigated whether such alteration of the cell surface carbohydrate composition can alter the responsiveness of the cells ... | 2004 | 15242763 |
| clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin shows structural similarity to the pore-forming toxin aerolysin. | epsilon-toxin from clostridium perfringens is a lethal toxin. recent studies suggest that the toxin acts via an unusually potent pore-forming mechanism. here we report the crystal structure of epsilon-toxin, which reveals structural similarity to aerolysin from aeromonas hydrophila. pore-forming toxins can change conformation between soluble and transmembrane states. by comparing the two toxins, we have identified regions important for this transformation. | 2004 | 15258571 |
| production of class a biosolids with anoxic low dose alkaline treatment and odor management. | the feasibility of full-scale anoxic disinfection of dewatered and digested sludge from winnipeg, manitoba with low lime doses and lagoon fly ash was investigated to determine if a class a product could be produced. lime doses of 50 g, 100 g, and 200 g per kg of biosolids (dry) were used along with fly ash doses of 500 g, 1,000 g, and 1,500 g per kg of biosolids (dry). the mixed product was buried in eight-10 cubic metre trenches at the west end water pollution control center in winnipeg. the tr ... | 2004 | 15259947 |
| growth responses of cassia obtusifolia toward human intestinal bacteria. | 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone (1) was isolated from the seed of cassia obtusifolia through bioassay-guided fractionation. 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone strongly inhibited the growth of clostridium perfringens and escherichia coli. structure-activity relationship revealed that 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone (2) and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (3) had strong growth-inhibition against c. perfringens. in growth-promoting activity, 1,2-, 1,4-, and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinones exhibited strong growth-promoting ac ... | 2004 | 15261390 |
| monitoring marine recreational water quality using multiple microbial indicators in an urban tropical environment. | the microbial water quality at two beaches, hobie beach and crandon beach, in miami-dade county, florida, usa was measured using multiple microbial indicators for the purpose of evaluating correlations between microbes and for identifying possible sources of contamination. the indicator microbes chosen for this study (enterococci, escherichia coli, fecal coliform, total coliform and c. perfringens) were evaluated through three different sampling efforts. these efforts included daily measurements ... | 2004 | 15261551 |
| the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus has a novel structure. | in methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus, oxaloacetate synthesis is a major and essential co(2)-fixation reaction. this methanogenic archaeon possesses two oxaloacetate-synthesizing enzymes, pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from this organism was purified to homogeneity. the subunit size of this homotetrameric protein was 55 kda, which is about half that of all known bacterial and eukaryotic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases (ppcs). th ... | 2004 | 15262949 |
| growth potential of clostridium perfringens during cooling of cooked meats. | many meat-based food products are cooked to temperatures sufficient to inactivate vegetative cells of clostridium perfringens, but spores of this bacterium can survive, germinate, and grow in these products if sufficient time, temperature, and other variables exist. because ingestion of large numbers of vegetative cells can lead to concomitant sporulation, enterotoxin release in the gastrointestinal tract, and diarrhea-like illness, a necessary food safety objective is to ensure that not more th ... | 2004 | 15270517 |
| immunization with the c-domain of alpha -toxin prevents lethal infection, localizes tissue injury, and promotes host response to challenge with clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens gas gangrene is characterized by rapid tissue destruction, impaired host response, and, often, death. phospholipase c (alpha -toxin) is the virulence factor most responsible for these pathologies. the present study investigated the efficacy of active immunization with the c-terminal domain of alpha -toxin (cpa247-370) in a murine model of gas gangrene. primary end points of the study were survival, progression of infection, and tissue perfusion. secondary end points, whic ... | 2004 | 15272405 |
| application of oligonucleotide array technology for the rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria of foodborne infections. | a rapid and accurate method for detection for common pathogenic bacteria in foodborne infections was established by using oligonucleotide array technology. nylon membrane was used as the array support. a mutation region of the 23s rrna gene was selected as the discrimination target from 14 species (genera) of bacteria causing foodborne infections and two unrelated bacterial species. a pair of universal primers was designed for pcr amplification of the 23s rrna gene. twenty-one species (genera)-s ... | 2004 | 15279944 |
| dietary protein source and manufacturing processes affect macronutrient digestibility, fecal consistency, and presence of fecal clostridium perfringens in adult dogs. | 2004 | 15284426 | |
| effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide, bacitracin methylene disalicylate, or both on the live performance and intestinal microbiology of turkeys. | hybrid male turkeys were fed to 18 wk of age in a completely randomized design with 10 replicate pens (18 birds each) per treatment to compare growth promoters. four dietary treatments were used: negative control (con), bacitracin methylene disalicyate (bmd) at 55 mg/kg to 6 wk and 27.5 mg/kg thereafter, mannan oligosaccharide (mos) at 0.1% to 6 wk and 0.05% thereafter, and bmd and mos at concentrations listed above. there were 3 toms/m2 (3.59 ft2/tom) on fresh pine shavings inoculated with used ... | 2004 | 15285506 |
| clostridium perfringens. | 2004 | 15286500 | |
| fulminant endogene gas gangrene in a previously healthy male. | spontaneous or non-traumatic gas gangrene is a rare condition. the present report refers to a previously healthy 57-y-old male who developed gas gangrene in the left lumbar region, left flank, left scapular, inguinal and suprapubic regions. despite surgical, intensive care treatment, and antibiotic therapy, the patient died 32 h after the onset of the first symptoms. | 2004 | 15287388 |
| the ccpa protein is necessary for efficient sporulation and enterotoxin gene (cpe) regulation in clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens is the cause of several human diseases, including gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis), enteritis necroticans, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and acute food poisoning. the symptoms of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and acute food poisoning are due to sporulation-dependent production of c. perfringens enterotoxin encoded by the cpe gene. glucose is a catabolite repressor of sporulation by c. perfringens. in order to identify the mechanism of catabolite repression by glu ... | 2004 | 15292123 |
| vertical collapse of a cytolysin prepore moves its transmembrane beta-hairpins to the membrane. | perfringolysin o (pfo) is a prototype of the large family of pore-forming cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (cdcs). a central enigma of the cytolytic mechanism of the cdcs is that their membrane-spanning beta-hairpins (the transmembrane amphipathic beta-hairpins (tmhs)) appear to be approximately 40 a too far above the membrane surface to cross the bilayer and form the pore. we now present evidence, using atomic force microscopy (afm), of a significant difference in the height by which the prepor ... | 2004 | 15297878 |
| genome architecture studied by nanoscale imaging: analyses among bacterial phyla and their implication to eukaryotic genome folding. | the proper function of the genome largely depends on the higher order architecture of the chromosome. our previous application of nanotechnology to the questions regarding the structural basis for such macromolecular dynamics has shown that the higher order architecture of the escherichia coli genome (nucleoid) is achieved via several steps of dna folding (kim et al., 2004). in this study, the hierarchy of genome organization was compared among e. coli, staphylococcus aureus and clostridium perf ... | 2004 | 15305055 |
| bioaerosols from the land application of biosolids in the desert southwest usa. | this study evaluated bioaerosol emissions during land application of class b biosolids in and around tucson, arizona, to aid in developing models of the fate and transport of bioaerosols generated from the land application of biosolids. samples were collected for 20 min at distances between 2 m and 20 m downwind of point sources, using an skc biosampler impinger. a total of six samples were collected per sampling event, which consisted of a biosolid spray applicator applying liquid biosolids to ... | 2004 | 15318479 |
| inactivation of enteric microbes in water by electro-chemical oxidant from brine (nacl) and free chlorine. | oxidant solutions of mostly free chlorine can be electrochemically produced on-site from brine (nacl) solution and used to disinfect water at the household or community level. in this study electrochemical oxidant (eco) from brine and free chlorine were evaluated under laboratory conditions for inactivation of test microbes. purified suspensions of escherichia coli, the rugose strain of vibrio cholerae, clostridium perfringens spores, ms2 coliphage and cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were treated ... | 2004 | 15318500 |
| evaluation of the purification capacity of nine portable, small-scale water purification devices. | a test was performed to evaluate the microbial and chemical purification capacity of nine portable, small-scale water purification filter devices with production capacity less than 100 l/h. the devices were tested for simultaneous removal capacity of bacteria (cultured escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae), enteric protozoans (formalin-stored cryptosporidium parvum oocysts), viral markers (f-rna bacteriophages) and microcystins produced by tox ... | 2004 | 15318506 |
| giardia and cryptosporidium in source waters of são paulo state, brazil. | giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium parvum are two protozoan intestinal parasites responsible for many drinking-water-related disease outbreaks in recent years. they are very resistant to conventional water treatment processes, can persist for long times in the environment and are, therefore, of great concern for public health. this work aimed to evaluate the presence of giardia and cryptosporidium in water sources from são paulo state, brazil, as part of the "evaluation of inland waters from sã ... | 2004 | 15318516 |
| effects of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin (plc) and perfringolysin o (pfo) on cytotoxicity to macrophages, on escape from the phagosomes of macrophages, and on persistence of c. perfringens in host tissues. | clostridium perfringens is the most common cause of clostridial myonecrosis (gas gangrene). polymorphonuclear cells (pmns) appear to play only a minor role in preventing the onset of myonecrosis in a mouse animal model of the disease (unpublished results). however, the importance of macrophages in the host defense against c. perfringens infections is still unknown. two membrane-active toxins produced by the anaerobic c. perfringens, alpha-toxin (plc) and perfringolysin o (pfo), are thought to be ... | 2004 | 15322015 |
| cot mattresses as reservoirs of potentially harmful bacteria and the sudden infant death syndrome. | cot mattress materials were investigated as potential reservoirs of bacteria in relation to the sudden infant death syndrome (sids). the sleeping position of the infant significantly influenced bacterial population density of cot mattress polyurethane foams (p<0.0000001) and their covers (p<0.004). staphylococcus aureus was isolated at significantly higher frequency (p<0.03) from the infant's head region of cot mattress materials. significantly higher bacterial population densities (p<0.001) wer ... | 2004 | 15325400 |
| neuraminidase produces dose-dependent decrease of slime production and adherence of slime-forming, coagulase-negative staphylococci. | slime is one of the important structures of certain bacterial strains involved in nonspecific adherence. this study was conducted to determine the role of neuraminidase on slime formation and adherence of slime-forming coagulase-negative staphylococci to inert surface. | 2004 | 15325499 |
| medical aspects of biologic toxins. | biologic toxins are molecules produced by living organisms that are poisonous to other species, such as humans. some biologic toxins are so potent and relatively easy to produce that they have been classified as biothreat agents. these include the botulinum neurotoxins, ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin b, and clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin. this article focuses on these four biothreat toxins and their medical aspects. the majority of the article is spent on the botulinum neurotoxins, bec ... | 2004 | 15325716 |
| maternal adaptive immunity influences the intestinal microflora of suckling mice. | the microflorae in the intestine of breast-fed infants are distinct from those that typically populate the intestine of formula-fed infants. although the acquisition of passive immunity through breast-feeding may play a critical role in influencing the pattern of bacterial colonization of the gut, the precise mechanisms underlying the differences in the commensal microflorae of breast and formula-fed children have not been established. we hypothesized that the assemblage of commensal microflorae ... | 2004 | 15333729 |
| the association of erythromycin ethylsuccinate with acute colitis in horses in sweden. | in sweden there are several reports of mares developing acute colitis while their foals were being treated orally for rhodococcus equi pneumonia with the combination of erythromycin and rifampicin. in this study 6 adult horses were given low oral dosages of these antibiotics, singly or in combination. within 3 days post administration of erythromycin, in one case in combination with rifampicin, 2 horses developed severe colitis (one fatal). clostridium difficile was isolated from one of the hors ... | 1997 | 15338913 |
| acidified litter benefits the intestinal flora balance of broiler chickens. | the alterations in the balance of the normal intestinal bacterial flora of chickens exposed to acidified wood-derived litter were analyzed and compared to those of a control group exposed to nonacidified litter. a total of 1,728 broilers were divided into two groups, with six replicates in each. one group was exposed to dry wood-derived litter, and the other was exposed to dry wood-derived litter sprayed with a mixture of sodium lignosulfonate, formic acid, and propionic acid. at five different ... | 2004 | 15345401 |
| [how to visualize cholesterol]. | 2004 | 15346888 | |
| bacteriological study of the liver in dogs. | this study aimed to confirm the possible presence of bacteria in the liver of healthy dogs. laparotomy was performed in 20 animals admitted for routine abdominal surgery. to be selected for the study, dogs had to be healthy adults without clinical liver disease, signs of infection or macroscopic liver abnormalities. biopsy samples were histologically and bacteriologically examined. bacteriological analysis was negative for the livers of eight of the dogs. the remaining animals harboured a divers ... | 2004 | 15352409 |
| fulminant liver failure following infection by clostridium perfringens. | since the first description of gas gangrene of an internal organ by fraenkel in 1889, few cases of acute organ failure following clostridium perfringens infection have been described in the medical literature. isolated clostridium perfringens infection with subsequent sepsis syndrome is an extremely rare clinical syndrome. a consecutive pattern of multiple organ failure generally has a very high mortality rate. | 2004 | 15353119 |
| transfusion-transmitted bacterial infection: risks, sources and interventions. | 2004 | 15355505 |