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[bacterial resistance in bacteria isolated from the nasal cavity of swiss dairy calves].fifty-six e. coli, 37 p. multocida und 8 m. haemolytica were isolated from 157 nasal swabs taken from calves in 52 dairy herds. the antibiotic susceptibility of the organisms was determined by measurement of the minimal inhibitory concentrations. of the 56 e. coli isolates, 55.3% exhibited resistance to tetracyclines, 55.3% to sulfonamides, 39.3% to beta-lactams, 30.3% to aminoglycosides, 8.9% to fluorochinolones and 3.5% to 3rd generation cephalosporins. the 3rd generation cephalosporin- resist ...201627504835
differential analysis of the nasal microbiome of pig carriers or non-carriers of staphylococcus aureus.staphylococcus aureus is presently regarded as an emerging zoonotic agent due to the spread of specific methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) clones in pig farms. studying the microbiota can be useful for the identification of bacteria that antagonize such opportunistic veterinary and zoonotic pathogen in animal carriers. the aim of this study was to determine whether the nasal microbiome of pig s. aureus carriers differs from that of non-carriers. the v3-v5 region of the 16s rrna gene was sequ ...201627509169
observations on macrolide resistance and susceptibility testing performance in field isolates collected from clinical bovine respiratory disease cases.the objectives of this study were; first, to describe gamithromycin susceptibility of mannheimia haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, and histophilus somni isolated from cattle diagnosed with bovine respiratory disease (brd) and previously treated with either gamithromycin for control of brd (mass medication=mm) or sham-saline injected (control=con); second, to describe the macrolide resistance genes present in genetically typed m. haemolytica isolates; third, use whole-genome sequencing (wgs) to ...201627527782
occupationally acquired pasteurella multocida pneumonia in a healthy abattoir worker.an otherwise healthy male abbatoir worker presented to his general practitioner with acute hypoxemia due to bronchopneumonia. his only occupational exposure was cleaning cow carcasses being prepared for consumption. blood cultures were eventually positive for pasteurella multocida. to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pasteurella multocida pneumonia in an abattoir worker, and illustrates the importance of considering this infection in patients with animal exposures.201627536550
prosthetic joint infection caused by pasteurella multocida: a case series and review of literature.pasteurella multocida is a well-recognized zoonotic agent following dog or cat bites or scratches. nevertheless, prosthetic joint infection caused by p. multocida are rarely reported.201627544345
the diagnostic accuracy of acute phase proteins and proinflammatory cytokines in sheep with pneumonic pasteurellosis.the goal of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of acute phase proteins and proinflammatory cytokines in sheep with pneumonic pasteurellosis. blood samples were collected from 56 sheep (36 naturally infected with pasteurella multocida and 20 healthy controls) belonging to one farm in eastern region, saudi arabia. serum samples were evaluated for acute phase proteins (haptoglobin (hp), serum amyloid a (saa) and fibrinogen (fb)), and the proinflammatory cytokines (interleukins (il-1α, ...201627547520
injecting epidemiology into population viability analysis: avian cholera transmission dynamics at an arctic seabird colony.infectious diseases have the potential to spread rapidly and cause high mortality within populations of immunologically naïve hosts. the recent appearance of avian cholera, a highly virulent disease of birds caused by the bacterium pasteurella multocida, at remote arctic seabird colonies is an emerging conservation concern. determining disease risk to population viability requires a quantitative understanding of transmission potential and the factors that regulate epidemic persistence. estimates ...201627548394
[pasteurella multocida cellulitis after cat bite and subsequent erythema nodosum]. 201627562330
aortic endograft infection by pasteurella multocida: a rare case.infection of an aortic endograft is a rare complication following endovascular aneurysm repair. these patients have been treated with explantation of the graft to obtain source control followed by an extra-anatomic bypass to restore circulation. the present case study describes an interesting case of pasteurella infection involving an aortic endograft managed nonoperatively by percutaneous drainage and graft preservation.201627581225
determination of bacterial aetiologic factor on tracheobronchial lavage in relation to clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease.this study aimed to determine the occurrence of mannheimiahaemolytica, pasteurella multocida and mycoplasma spp., in relation to clinical signs of respiratory disease. tracheobronchial lavage samples were collected from 96 (healthy and unhealthy) cattle in the state of são paulo, brazil. mycoplasma spp. (12.5 %) and pasteurellamultocida (15.50 %) were the most prevalent species. bacillus sp., staphylococcus sp., escherichia coli, klebsiella oxytoca, pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneumoni ...201627582268
a survey of porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) associated pathogens among commercial pig farms of korea via oral fluid method.oral fluid analysis for monitoring herd is an interest in commercial pig farms in korea. the aim of this study was to investigate the positive rates and correlation of eight pathogens associated with porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) by analyzing oral fluid samples from 214 pig groups from 56 commercial farms. the samples collected by rope-chewing method were analyzed with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) or standard pcr depending on microorganisms. the pathogens ...201627586468
septicemic pasteurellosis in farmed elk (cervus canadensis) in alberta.septicemic pasteurellosis is a bacterial disease of domestic and wild animals including bison, elk, and pronghorn antelope caused by pasteurella multocida. here we report 2 cases of septicemic pasteurellosis in farmed elk. pasteurella multocida serogroup b was isolated from multiple tissues in both animals. gene sequencing (16s ribosomal rna) and blast query confirmed that the sequence is 99% to 100% homologous to the p. multocida sequences in the database.201627587888
antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring of dermatological bacterial pathogens isolated from diseased dogs and cats across europe (compath results).the compath project is a pan-european programme dedicated to the monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens from diseased dogs and cats using standardized methods and centralized minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) determination. here, the susceptibility of major pathogens is reported from antimicrobial nontreated animals with acute clinical signs of skin, wound or ear infections in 2008-2010.201627593360
mortality and disease in wild turkeys ( meleagris gallopavo silvestris) in ontario, canada, from 1992 to 2014: a retrospective review.wild turkeys ( meleagris gallopavo silvestris) were extirpated from ontario, canada, in the early 1900s due to unregulated over-hunting and habitat loss. despite a successful reintroduction program and strong population numbers, information regarding the health of wild turkeys in ontario is scarce. a 22-yr (1992-2014) retrospective study was performed to evaluate diagnostic data, including the cause(s) and contributors to death, in wild turkeys submitted to the ontario-nunavut node of the canadi ...201627610724
pasteurella multocida pleural effusion: a case report and review of literature.we describe a man who developed pleural effusion with pasteurella multocida, and review the reported literature concerning this entity. we identified 21 such cases, including our own. most patients with p. multocida pleural effusions are immunocompromised and/or have significant co-morbidities. these effusions are typically complicated parapneumonic effusions that are grossly purulent (87%) with a low pleural fluid ph (mean 6.8), high protein (mean 4.8 g/dl) and high ldh (mean 1911 u/l) and low ...201627635382
feed exposure to fb1 can aggravate pneumonic damages in pigs provoked by p. multocida.the possible interaction between pasteurella multocida and the mycotoxin fumonisin b1 (fb1), recognised as one of the most often food/feed contaminant, was studied with the aim to evaluate whether and how fb1 can influence and/or complicate the development and severity of various pathological damages provoked by pasteurella multocida in some internal organs of pigs. heavier lung pathology was seen in pigs experimentally infected with pasteurella multocida, when the same were exposed to 20ppm die ...201627663368
infantile pasteurella multocida meningitis. 201627679756
how respiratory pathogens contribute to lamb mortality in a poorly performing bighorn sheep ( ovis canadensis ) herd.we evaluated bighorn sheep ( ovis canadensis ) ewes and their lambs in captivity to examine the sources and roles of respiratory pathogens causing lamb mortality in a poorly performing herd. after seven consecutive years of observed december recruitments of <10%, 13 adult female bighorn sheep from the remnant gribbles park herd in colorado, us were captured and transported to the thorne-williams wildlife research center in wyoming in march 2013. ewes were sampled repeatedly over 16 mo. in april ...201727690193
péritonite à pasteurella multocida. 201627694073
a serosurvey of greater sage-grouse ( centrocercus urophasianus ) in nevada, usa.to better understand the potential avian diseases in greater sage-grouse ( centrocercus urophasianus ) in the great basin in nevada, us, we collected 31 blood samples march-april 2014 and tested for antibodies to eight viruses and two bacteria. specifically, sera were tested for antibodies to avian leukosis virus type a, b, and j (alv-a, alv-b, and alv-j, respectively), infectious bursal disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, reticuloendothelial virus, avian influenza virus (aiv), west nile ...201727705104
serological patterns of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, pasteurella multocida and streptococcus suis in pig herds affected by pleuritis.respiratory illness is traditionally regarded as the disease of the growing pig, and has historically mainly been associated to bacterial infections with focus on mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. these bacteria still are of great importance, but continuously increasing herd sizes have complicated the scenario and the influence of secondary invaders may have been increased. the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of a. pleuropneumoniae and m. hyopneumoniae, ...201627716292
histopathological and immunohistochemical approaches for the diagnosis of pasteurellosis in swine population of punjab.infectious porcine bronchopneumonia, caused by pasteurella multocida, is a widespread disease of major economic significance. thus, the aim of the present study was to diagnose swine pasteurellosis using gross, histopathological, and immunopathological approaches in the swine population of punjab and to compare the efficacy of immunohistochemical (ihc) techniques with conventional diagnostic techniques.201627733801
pharmacokinetics (pk), pharmacodynamics (pd), and pk-pd integration of ceftiofur after a single intravenous, subcutaneous and subcutaneous-la administration in lactating goats.bacterial pneumonia in goats is usually caused by mannheimia haemolytica and pasteurella multocida. another important infection disease in lactating goats is intramammary infection producing mastitis, usually associated with coagulase-negative staphylococcus spp. however, treatment of bacterial pneumonia in goats not affected by mastitis problems should be restricted to antimicrobials with scant penetration to milk in order to avoid long withdrawal times. ceftiofur is a third-generation cephalos ...201627737655
the tale of two thumbs, a dog, and a wooden table.a 55 year-old african american man presented to the emergency room with acute-onset fevers, chills, and bilateral thumb pain, swelling, and redness. mri revealed extensive cellulitis involving bilateral hands and wrists, along with fluid collection and carpal bone erosion on the left. given concerns for septic arthritis and osteomyelitis, patient underwent surgical debridement revealing an abscess in the wrist without osteomyelitis. blood cultures grew pasteurella multocida. subsequently, patien ...201627768833
a pasteurella multocida strain affecting nulliparous heifers and calves in different ways.pasteurella multocida isolates from dairy cattle on a farm in spain were associated with pneumonia of calves (six isolates) and mastitis of heifers (five isolates). the objective was to determine if the p. multocida isolates retrieved from both disease scenarios were the same strain or whether more than one strain was present. the isolates were identified by a species-specific polymerase chain (pcr) assay, serotyped by the heddleston scheme and then typed by a number of molecular genotyping assa ...201627771064
evaluation of immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant ptfa of avian pasteurella multocida.avian pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of fowl cholera, a disease much affecting the poultry industry. in order to study the efficacy of the recombinant subunit vaccine constructed with ptfa gene of avian p. multocida, the ptfa gene fragment amplified by pcr from avian p. multocida was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pet32a and the recombinant plasmid pet32a-ptfa was obtained. the pet32a-ptfa was expressed in escherichiacoli bl21(de3) and the target protein rptfa was pu ...201627822232
the relationship between capsular type and ompa of pasteurella multocida is associated with the outcome of disease.the genes encoding ompa of pasteurella multocida recovered from diseased and apparently healthy animals have been characterized. the nucleotide sequence revealed orfs of 1047-1077 bp encoding proteins of 349-360 amino acids. domain analysis of ompa showed signal peptide, n-terminal ompa domain and c-terminal ligand binding domain. the transmembrane topology of ompa showed short turns at the periplasmic end and longer irregular loops at the extracellular end. the phylogenetic analysis based on om ...201627838388
a rare case of glossitis due to pasteurella multocida after a cat scratch.pasteurella is one of the zoonotic pathogens that can cause variety of serious infections in animals and humans such as bacteremia, septic shock, endocarditis, meningitis, prosthetic and native valve infections, osteomyelitis, skin and soft tissue infections, abscesses, and even pneumonia with empyema. however, there have been few reports of upper respiratory involvements like tonsillitis and epiglottitis in humans. we present a case of recurrent pasteurella glossitis after a cat scratch which h ...201627840749
pasteurella multocida bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient.we present the case of a 61-year-old caucasian gentleman who presented with a one-day history of fever, chills, and altered mental status. his symptoms were initially thought to be secondary to cellulitis. blood cultures grew pasteurella multocida, a rare pathogen to cause bacteremia. our patient was treated with ciprofloxacin for two weeks and made a complete and uneventful recovery. our patient's uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease put him at a higher risk for developing ...201627847521
a large potentiation effect of serum on the in vitro potency of tulathromycin against mannheimia haemolytica and pasteurella multocida.the antimicrobial properties of tulathromycin were investigated for m. haemolytica and p. multocida. three in vitro indices of antimicrobial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (mic), minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) and time-kill curves, were established for six isolates of each organism. each index was measured in two growth media: mueller-hinton broth (mhb) and calf serum. it was shown that mics and mbcs were markedly lower in serum than in mhb. mhb:serum ratios for mic were 47 ...201627891615
biofilm inhibitors targeting the outer membrane protein a of pasteurella multocida in swine.pasteurella multocida (pm) is the causative agent of atrophic rhinitis in swine. this study aimed to discover biofilm inhibitors against swine pm to counteract antibiotic resistance and decrease virulence. the virulence factor outer membrane protein a (ompa) was targeted. a library of drugs approved by the food and drug administration (fda) was used to perform virtual screening against pmompa. the top-scoring compounds had no effect on the growth of pm serotype a or d. mycophenolate mofetil show ...201727892689
clinico-pathology and hemato-biochemistry responses in buffaloes infected with pasteurella multocida type b:2 immunogen outer membrane protein.the aim of this study was to investigate the clinico-pathology and haemato-biochemistry alterations in buffaloes inoculated with pasteurella multocida type b:2 immunogen outer membrane protein via subcutaneous and oral routes. nine buffalo heifers were divided equally into 3 treatment groups. group 1 was inoculated orally with 10 ml of phosphate buffer saline (pbs); group 2 and 3 were inoculated with 10 ml of outer membrane protein broth subcutaneously and orally respectively. group 2 buffaloes ...201727894962
a naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphism in a multicopy plasmid produces a reversible increase in antibiotic resistance.cole1 plasmids are small mobilizable replicons that play an important role in the spread of antibiotic resistance in pasteurellaceae in this study, we describe how a natural single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) near the origin of replication of the cole1-type plasmid pb1000 found in a pasteurella multocida clinical isolate generates two independent plasmid variants able to coexist in the same cell simultaneously. using the haemophilus influenzae rd kw20 strain as a model system, we combined anti ...201727895020
use of molecular pathogenicity indices to identify pathogenic strains of pasteurella multocida.in addition to being the causative agent of fowl cholera (fc), pasteurella multocida is also one of the most prevalent opportunistic pathogens associated with respiratory diseases in various hosts. however, understanding of the traits that distinguish the virulent isolates that cause fc is still limited. the objective of this study was to characterize p. multocida isolates of brazil by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis in order to determine if strain-type correlate ...201627902916
a novel quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method for detecting toxigenic pasteurella multocida in nasal swabs from swine.progressive atrophic rhinitis (par) in pigs is caused by toxigenic pasteurella multocida. in switzerland, par is monitored by selective culture of nasal swabs and subsequent polymerase chain reaction (pcr) screening of bacterial colonies for the p. multocida toxa gene. a panel of 203 nasal swabs from a recent par outbreak were used to evaluate a novel quantitative real-time pcr for toxigenic p. multocida in porcine nasal swabs.201627903273
limitations of mic as sole metric of pharmacodynamic response across the range of antimicrobial susceptibilities within a single bacterial species.the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of an antimicrobial drug for a bacterial pathogen is used as a measure of the bacterial susceptibility to the drug. however, relationships between the antimicrobial concentration, bacterial susceptibility, and the pharmacodynamic (pd) inhibitory effect on the bacterial population are more complex. the relationships can be captured by multi-parameter models such as the emax model. in this study, time-kill experiments were conducted with a zoonotic pathog ...201627905408
comparison of standardised versus non-standardised methods for testing the in vitro potency of oxytetracycline against mannheimia haemolytica and pasteurella multocida.the in vitro pharmacodynamics of oxytetracycline was established for six isolates of each of the calf pneumonia pathogens mannheimia haemolytica and pasteurella multocida. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic), minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) and bacterial time-kill curves were determined in two matrices, mueller hinton broth (mhb) and calf serum. geometric mean mic ratios, serum:mhb, were 25.2:1 (m. haemolytica) and 27.4:1 (p. multocida). the degree of binding of oxytetracycline to se ...201627938710
activity of florfenicol for actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida using standardised versus non-standardised methodology.four indices of antimicrobial potency were determined for florfenicol and the pig pneumonia pathogens, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic), minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc), mutant prevention concentration (mpc) and time-kill curves were determined in two matrices, broth and pig serum. five overlapping sets of two-fold dilutions were used to increase accuracy of the measurements. mic and mbc serum:broth ratios for a. pleuropne ...201627938711
high and low-virulent bovine pasteurella multocida capsular type a isolates exhibit different virulence gene expression patterns in vitro and in vivo.pasteurella multocida capsular type a causes respiratory disease in cattle. p. multocida virulence gene expression patterns, especially among different virulent isolates, during in vitro and in vivo growth are poorly understood. here we show that the highly virulent bovine p. multocida capsular type a isolate pmcq2 exhibits a significantly higher growth rate in mice, as compared with a strain of lower virulence, p. multocida capsular type a isolate pmcq6. among the six known and potential virule ...201627939154
potency of marbofloxacin for pig pneumonia pathogens actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida: comparison of growth media.pharmacodynamic properties of marbofloxacin were established for six isolates each of the pig respiratory tract pathogens, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida. three in vitro indices of potency were determined; minimum inhibitory concentration (mic), minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) and mutant prevention concentration (mpc). for mic determination clinical laboratory standards institute guidelines were modified in three respects: (1) comparison was made between two g ...201727940285
the membrane localization domains of two distinct bacterial toxins form a 4-helix-bundle in solution.membrane localization domain (mld) was first proposed for a 4-helix-bundle motif in the crystal structure of the c1 domain of pasteurella multocida toxin (pmt). this structure motif is also found in the crystal structures of several clostridial glycosylating toxins (tcda, tcdb, tcsl, and tcna). the ras/rap1-specific endopeptidase (rrsp) module of the multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxins (martx) toxin produced by vibrio vulnificus has sequence homology to the c1-c2 domains of pmt, inc ...201727977897
deciphering upper respiratory tract microbiota complexity in healthy calves and calves that develop respiratory disease using shotgun metagenomics.bovine respiratory disease (brd) is a multifactorial disorder responsible for severe economic losses in dairy and feedlot herds. advances in next-generation sequencing mean that microbial communities in clinical samples, including non-culturable bacteria, can be characterized. our aim was to evaluate the microbiota of the upper respiratory tract of healthy calves and calves with brd using whole-genome sequencing (shotgun metagenomics). we performed deep nasopharyngeal swabs on 16 holstein heifer ...201727988122
pasteurella multocida infective endocarditis.pasteurella multocida, a gram-negative facultative anaerobic coccobacillus, is a common oral flora of dogs and cats. p. multocida often causes infection in humans after animal bites and scratches, and human pasteurellosis is generally a locoregional infection. systemic complications, particularly endocarditis, are very rare, except in immunodeficient patients. endocarditis caused by p. multocida can have severe outcomes; hence, surgical treatment is often required. here, a case is described of e ...201527997786
short communication: interaction of the isomers carvacrol and thymol with the antibiotics doxycycline and tilmicosin: in vitro effects against pathogenic bacteria commonly found in the respiratory tract of calves.bovine respiratory disease is the major problem faced by cattle, specially calves, leading to reduced animal performance and increased mortality, consequently causing important economic losses. hence, calves must be submitted to antibiotic therapy to counteract this infection usually initiated by the combination of environmental stress factors and viral infection, altering the animal's defense mechanism, and thus allowing lung colonization by the opportunistic bacteria mannheimia haemolytica and ...201728012625
experimental pathogenicity and complete genome characterization of a pig origin pasteurella multocida serogroup f isolate hn07.pasteurella multocida serotype f isolates are predominately prevalent in avian hosts, but rarely seen in pigs. however, we isolated several strains of p. multocida serotype f from clinical samples of pigs in china. to understand the pathogenicity of these strains, one of the serotype f isolates designated hn07, was used to challenge experimental chickens, as p. multocida of this serotype is predominately prevalent in avian hosts. however, strain hn07 could not resulted in significant clinical si ...201728062004
new interpretive criteria for danofloxacin antibacterial susceptibility testing against mannheimia haemolytica and pasteurella multocida associated with bovine respiratory disease.danofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent approved for use in veterinary medicine to treat and control bovine respiratory disease caused by mannheimia haemolytica or pasteurella multocida. susceptible minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) breakpoint (≤0.25 µg/ml) and disk diffusion interpretive criteria (≥22 mm) values for danofloxacin against m. haemolytica and p. multocida were first approved by the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) in 2003. however, intermediate ...201728064562
development of a one-run real-time pcr detection system for pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease complex.bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) is frequently found in cattle worldwide. the etiology of brdc is complicated by infections with multiple pathogens, making identification of the causal pathogen difficult. here, we developed a detection system by applying taqman real-time pcr (dembo respiratory-pcr) to screen a broad range of microbes associated with brdc in a single run. we selected 16 bovine respiratory pathogens (bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine coronavirus, bovine parainfluenza vi ...201728070089
comparative genomics analysis of two different virulent bovine pasteurella multocida isolates.the pasteurella multocida capsular type a isolates can cause pneumonia and bovine respiratory disease (brd). in this study, comparative genomics analysis was carried out to identify the virulence genes in two different virulent p. multocida capsular type a isolates (high virulent pmcq2 and low virulent pmcq6). the draft genome sequence of pmcq2 is 2.32 mbp and contains 2,002 protein-coding genes, 9 insertion sequence (is) elements, and 1 prophage region. the draft genome sequence of pmcq6 is 2.2 ...201628070502
pathogens, patterns of pneumonia, and epidemiologic risk factors associated with respiratory disease in recently weaned cattle in ireland.we examined the pathogens, morphologic patterns, and risk factors associated with bovine respiratory disease (brd) in 136 recently weaned cattle ("weanlings"), 6-12 mo of age, that were submitted for postmortem examination to regional veterinary laboratories in ireland. a standardized sampling protocol included routine microbiologic investigations as well as polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. lungs with histologic lesions were categorized into 1 of 5 morphologic patterns of pneu ...201728074713
occurrence of pasteurella multocida among pigs with respiratory disease in china between 2011 and 2015.prior to the 1990s, p. multocida capsular serogroup a was the most prevalent in china, followed by serogroups b and d. thirty years later, serogroup d became the most prevalent, followed by serogroups a and b. however, the p. multocida capsular serogroups currently circulating in china remain unclear. therefore, the aim of the present study was to provide an update on p. multocida serogroups isolated from diagnostic samples collected from clinically diseased pigs in central and eastern china fro ...201728078081
aqueous humor antimicrobial activity: in vitro analysis after topical 0.5% chloramphenicol application.to assess aqueous humor antimicrobial activity in vitro after topical 0.5% chloramphenicol application.201728085501
evaluation of an in-house indirect elisa for detection of antibody against haemorrhagic septicemia in asian elephants.pasteurella multocida causes haemorrhagic septicemia in livestock and wild animals, including elephants. the disease has been reported in asian elephants in india and sri lanka, but to date there have been no reported cases in thailand. elisa or indirect hemagglutination assays (iha) have been demonstrated to be able to detect the antibody against the disease in cattle, but no data are available for elephants. the present study reports a novel in-house indirect elisa for antibody detection of ha ...201728088341
pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic integration and modelling of oxytetracycline for the porcine pneumonia pathogens actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida.pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) integration and modelling were used to predict dosage schedules of oxytetracycline for two pig pneumonia pathogens, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and mutant prevention concentration (mpc) were determined in broth and porcine serum. pk/pd integration established ratios of average concentration over 48 h (cav0-48 h )/mic of 5.87 and 0.27 μg/ml (p. multocida) and 0.70 and 0.85 μg/ml (a. pleur ...201728090673
molecular characterization of pasteurella multocida isolates obtained from poultry, ruminant, cats and dogs using rapd and rep-pcr analysis.in the present study, randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) and repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep- pcr) were used to characterize 131 isolates of pasteurella multocida, originating from different healthy and diseased animal species obtained from several geographical regions of iran. the rapd and rep-pcr generated amplified products in the range of 300 to 3400 bp and 200 to 2850 bp, respectively. among all of the p. multocida isolates, cluster ana ...201628097166
auranofin inhibits the enzyme activity of pasteurella multocida toxin pmt in human cells and protects cells from intoxication.the ab-type protein toxin from pasteurella multocida (pmt) contains a functionally important disulfide bond within its catalytic domain, which must be cleaved in the host cell cytosol to render the catalytic domain of pmt into its active conformation. here, we found that the reductive potential of the cytosol of target cells, and more specifically, the activity of the thioredoxin reductase (trxr) is crucial for this process. this was demonstrated by the strong inhibitory effect of the pharmacolo ...201728098782
what is the true in vitro potency of oxytetracycline for the pig pneumonia pathogens actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida?the pharmacodynamics of oxytetracycline was determined for pig respiratory tract pathogens, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida. indices of potency were determined for the following: (i) two matrices, broth and pig serum; (ii) five overlapping sets of twofold dilutions; and (iii) a high strength starting culture. for a. pleuropneumoniae, minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was similar for the two matrices, but for p. multocida, differences were marked and significantly d ...201728101885
identification of a chondroitin synthase from an unexpected source, the green sulfur bacterium chlorobium phaeobacteroides.glycosaminoglycans [gags] are known to be present in all animals as well as some pathogenic microbes. chondroitin sulfate is the most abundant gag in mammals where it has various structural and adhesion roles. the gram-negative bacteria pasteurella multocida type f and escherichia coli k4 produce extracellular capsules composed of unsulfated chondroitin or a fructosylated chondroitin, respectively. such polysaccharides that are structurally related to host molecules do not generally provoke a st ...201728104786
small ruminant pasteurellosis in tigray region, ethiopia: marked serotype diversity may affect vaccine efficacy.the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalent bibersteinia, mannheimia and pasteurella serotypes, risk factors and degree of serotype co-infections in sheep and goats in the tigray region of ethiopia. serum was collected from 384 sheep and goats from the tanqua-abergelle district of tigray region using cross-sectional random sampling. an indirect haemagglutination test was used for serotyping. risk factors for infections were evaluated by logistic regression. potential clustering of mul ...201728112054
factors influencing the potency of marbofloxacin for pig pneumonia pathogens actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida.for the pig respiratory tract pathogens, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida, minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of marbofloxacin was determined in recommended broths and pig serum at three inoculum strengths. mics in both growth matrices increased progressively from low, through medium to high starting inoculum counts, 10(4), 10(6) and 10(8)cfu/ml, respectively. p. multocida mic ratios for high:low inocula were 14:4:1 for broth and 28.2:1 for serum. corresponding mic r ...201728113129
identification and characterization of a protective antigen, plpb of bovine pasteurella multocida strain lz-pm.the pasteurella multocida lipoprotein b (plpb) was cloned from pasteurella multocida (p. multocida) strain lz-pm (serotype a) and expressed in escherichia coli (e. coli). sequence analysis showed that plpb from different strains of p. multocida exhibited 80.8-99.4% sequence identity to each other, suggesting that plpb might serve as a cross-protective antigen. the purified pcr product of plpb gene consisting of 831 base pairs was inserted into the pet-32a (+) plasmid, and then transferred into e ...201728119019
prevalence of different omph-types among pasteurella multocida isolated from lungs of calves with respiratory problems.pasteurella multocida is among the most important respiratory pathogens of cattle. outer-membrane protein (omph) constitutes an essential bacterial antigen and is well studied in avian bacterial strains. studies on isolates from cattle with signs of respiratory disease caused by pasteurella multocida serotypes a and d have not yet been covered in the literature. the objective of this study was a comparative analysis of the omph gene sequences from 83 isolates and four russian reference strains o ...201728119034
metabolic engineering of bacillus subtilis for biosynthesis of heparosan using heparosan synthase from pasteurella multocida, pmhs1.heparosan, the capsular polysaccharide discovered in many pathogenic bacteria, is a promising material for heparin preparation. in this study, the pasteurella multocida heparosan synthase 1 (pmhs1) module was used to synthesize heparosan with controlled molecular weight, while tuad/gtab module or gcad module was responsible for udp-precursors production in bacillus subtilis 168. after metabolic pathway optimization, the yield of heparosan was as high as 237.6 mg/l in strain containing pmhs1 modu ...201728120124
the ability of lipopolysaccharide (lps) of pasteurella multocida b:2 to induce clinical and pathological lesions in the nervous system of buffalo calves following experimental inoculation.lipopolysaccharide (lps) of p. multocida b:2, a causative agent of haemorrhagic septicaemia (hs) in cattle and buffaloes, is considered as the main virulence factor and contribute in the pathogenesis of the disease. recent studies provided evidences about the involvement of the nervous system in pathogenesis of hs. however, the role of p. multocida b:2 immunogens, especially the lps is still uncovered. therefore, this study was designed to investigate the role of p. multocida b:2 lps to induce p ...201728126667
tir-only protein rba1 recognizes a pathogen effector to regulate cell death in arabidopsis.detection of pathogens by plants is mediated by intracellular nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (nlr) receptor proteins. nlr proteins are defined by their stereotypical multidomain structure: an n-terminal toll-interleukin receptor (tir) or coiled-coil (cc) domain, a central nucleotide-binding (nb) domain, and a c-terminal leucine-rich repeat (lrr). the plant innate immune system contains a limited nlr repertoire that functions to recognize all potential pathogens. we isolated response ...201728137883
development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based diagnostic assays for detection of pasteurella multocida and hemorrhagic septicemia-associated p multocida serotype b:2.objective to develop 2 rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assays for detection of pasteurella multocida dna (pm-lamp assay) and p multocida dna from strains associated with hemorrhagic septicemia (hs) in cattle and buffalo (hs-lamp assay). sample solutions containing 16 p multocida strains and 9 other bacterial species at various concentrations. procedures optimal conditions were determined for running the pm-lamp and hs-lamp assays. the assays were then used to detect dna of th ...201728140634
systemic granulomatous and haemorrhagic syndrome in new zealand dairy cattle.cases were obtained through passive surveillance reporting by veterinary pathologists, via the ministry for primary industries exotic pest and disease hotline. they included ill or dead cows that had evidence of frank haemorrhage, petechial haemorrhages on mucous membranes, wasting or dermatitis of unknown cause, and were reported between 2009-2014. affected cows (n=16) were from nine seasonally calving dairy farms, aged ≥3 years, and were predominantly in their mid-to-late non-lactating period. ...201728147208
molecular characterization of the capsular antigens of pasteurella multocida isolates using multiplex pcr.the use of molecular techniques for detection and characterization of the pasteurella multocida is very important for rapid and specific detection and characterization of the organism. during the period from 15th february, 2014 to 15th april, 2015, 425 nasopharyngeal swabs and 175 lung and spleen samples were collected and examined by conventional methods, 80 strains (18.82%) of p. multocida were isolated from the calves, sheep and goat with respiratory manifestation. meanwhile, 77 strains (44%) ...201728149175
genome sequence of pasteurella multocida strain razi_pm0001.we report here the genome sequence of pasteurella multocida razi_pm0001 from bovine origin, isolated in iran in 1936. the genome has a size of 2,360,663 bp, a g+c content of 40.4%, and is predicted to contain 2,052 coding sequences.201728153892
genome characterization of pasteurella multocida subspecies septica and comparison with pasteurella multocida subspecies multocida and gallicida.pasteurella multocida: subspecies multocida, gallicida, and septica are noted to have a contribution to fowl cholera, a life-threatening disease to both domestic and wild bird species. the genome sequences of avian p. multocida subspecies gallicida and multocida have been well analyzed and compared. however, the genome characterization of avian p. multocida subspecies septica is rarely discussed. in this study, we determined the draft genome sequence of a virulent p. multocida subspecies septica ...201728175928
feeding of waste milk to holstein calves affects antimicrobial resistance of escherichia coli and pasteurella multocida isolated from fecal and nasal swabs.the use of milk containing antimicrobial residues in calf feeding programs has been shown to select for resistant fecal escherichia coli in dairy calves. however, information is scarce about the effects of feeding calves waste milk (wm) on the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. the objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of fecal e. coli and nasal pasteurella multocida isolates from calves fed either milk replacer (mr) or wm in 8 commercial dairy f ...201728215892
comparison of the diagnostic performance of bacterial culture of nasopharyngeal swab and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples obtained from calves with bovine respiratory disease.objective to compare predictive values, extent of agreement, and gamithromycin susceptibility between bacterial culture results of nasopharyngeal swab (nps) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) samples obtained from calves with bovine respiratory disease (brd). animals 28 beef calves with clinical brd. procedures pooled bilateral nps samples and balf samples were obtained for bacterial culture from calves immediately before and at various times during the 5 days after gamithromycin (6 mg/kg, ...201728240958
re-emergence of bovine haemorrhagic septicaemia in hungary.this paper reports an outbreak of haemorrhagic septicaemia caused by pasteurella multocida b:2 in beef calves, a disease that has not been described in the hungarian literature since 1943, and has not been reported to the world organisation for animal health (oie) since 1970. acute haemorrhagic septicaemia was confirmed in beef calves on one small farm, and was suspected on two further nearby holdings with concomitant unexplained losses. the source of the infection could not be determined. apart ...201728244341
assessment of pasteurella multocida a lipopolysaccharide, as an adhesin in an in vitro model of rabbit respiratory epithelium.the role of the p. multocida lipopolysaccharide (lps) as a putative adhesin during the early stages of infection with this bacterium in the respiratory epithelium of rabbits was investigated. by light microscopy and double enzyme labeling of nasal septa tissues, the amount of bacteria attached to the respiratory epithelium and the amount of lps present in goblet cells at different experimental times were estimated. transmission electron microscopy (tem) and lps labeling with colloidal gold parti ...201728251016
multiple cortical infarcts complicating pasteurella multocida meningitis. 201728251332
the bovine paranasal sinuses: bacterial flora, epithelial expression of nitric oxide and potential role in the in-herd persistence of respiratory disease pathogens.the bovine paranasal sinuses are a group of complex cavernous air-filled spaces, lined by respiratory epithelium, the exact function of which is unclear. while lesions affecting these sinuses are occasionally reported in cattle, their microbial flora has not been defined. furthermore, given that the various bacterial and viral pathogens causing bovine respiratory disease (brd) persist within herds, we speculated that the paranasal sinuses may serve as a refuge for such infectious agents. the par ...201728282443
pasteurella multocida toxin triggers rankl-independent osteoclastogenesis.bone remodeling is a continuous process to retain the structural integrity and function of the skeleton. a tight coupling is maintained between osteoclast-mediated resorption of old or damaged bones and osteoblast-mediated formation of new bones for bone homeostasis. while osteoblasts differentiate from mesenchymal stem cells, osteoclasts are hematopoietic in origin and derived from myeloid precursor cells. osteoclast differentiation is driven by two cytokines, cytokine receptor activator of nf- ...201728289415
prevalence of taxa of pasteurellaceae among populations of healthy captive psittacine birds.sixty-two strains of pasteurellaceae-like bacteria were isolated from the tracheas of 87 clinically healthy psittacine birds in two danish zoos. the isolates were identified by a combination of rpob and 16s rrna gene sequencing and by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight. twenty-eight strains belonged to the genus volucribacter or were related to this genus and to the unnamed taxon 34 of bisgaard, and 28 strains were related to the unnamed taxon 44 of bisgaard. four strains ...201728301245
evaluation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some common herbs.the study was designed to evaluate the phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of onion (allium cepa), garlic (allium sativum), mint (mentha spicata), thyme (thymus vulgaris), oak (quercus), aloe vera (aloe barbadensis miller), and ginger (zingiber officinale). all extracts showed a wide range of total phenolic contents, that is, 4.96 to 98.37 mg/100 g gallic acid equivalents, and total flavonoid contents, that is, 0.41 to 17.64 mg/100 g catechin equivalents. an ...201728316626
the nasopharyngeal microbiota of beef cattle before and after transport to a feedlot.the nasopharyngeal (np) microbiota plays an important role in bovine health, comprising a rich and diverse microbial community. the nasopharynx is also the niche for potentially pathogenic agents which are associated with bovine respiratory disease (brd), a serious and costly illness in feedlot cattle. we used 14 beef heifers from a closed and disease-free herd to assess the dynamics of the np microbiota of cattle that are transported to a feedlot. cattle were sampled prior to transport to the f ...201728330466
expanding glycosaminoglycan chemical space: towards the creation of sulfated analogs, novel polymers and chimeric constructs.glycosaminoglycans (gags) have therapeutic potential in areas ranging from angiogenesis, inflammation, hemostasis and cancer. gag bioactivity is conferred by intrinsic structural features, such as disaccharide composition, glycosidic linkages and sulfation pattern. unfortunately, the in vitro enzymatic synthesis of defined gags is quite restricted by a limited understanding of current gag synthases and modifying enzymes. our work provides insights into gag-active enzymes through the creation of ...201728334971
clinical characteristics of pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis in pediatric patients.to characterize the clinical presentation, common pathogens, antimicrobial susceptibility, and treatment methods associated with pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis (pft) in pediatric patients.201728341068
survey of susceptibility to marbofloxacin in bacteria isolated from diseased pigs in europe.a monitoring programme of marbofloxacin susceptibility of bacteria from europe causing respiratory tract infection and meningitis in pigs has been active since 1994 and 2002, respectively. monitoring digestive, metritis and urinary tract infection (uti) in pigs has been active since 2005 and susceptibility results until 2013 are presented. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was determined by broth microdilution. for mic interpretation, vétoquinol-evaluated breakpoints were applied. for diges ...201728348142
pasteurella multocida urinary tract infection in a patient with cervical cancer.introduction. infections caused by pasteurella species are commonly associated with contact with dogs and cats, typically involving bites and scratches, but casual contact with household pets can also be a risk factor. urinary tract infection (uti) caused by pasteurella species is rare and a significant majority of cases have some known risk factor associated with an underlying chronic illness or structural and/or functional urological abnormality. case presentation. here, we present a case of a ...201728348800
molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of pasteurella multocida strains isolated from hosts affected by various diseases in italy.pasteurella multocida is a widespread pathogen associated with major animal diseases of economic significance. despite this, little is known about the capsular types, virulence gene pattern, and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates from hosts affected by different diseases, and no data are available in italy. one hundred eighty six isolates of p. multocida, were taken from different species in different states of health in several italian regions, and were tested for genes encoding for capsu ...201728365922
antimicrobial therapy for pasteurella multocida empyema in immunocompetent adults. 201728368933
in vitro activity of pexiganan and 10 comparator antimicrobials against 234 isolates including 93 pasteurella spp. and 50 anaerobic bacteria recovered from animal bite wounds.animal bite wounds affect more than 5 million americans resulting in 300,000 emergency department visits, 10,000 hospitalizations and untold number of physician office visits annually. various forms of topical therapy are empirically self-employed by many patients prior to seeking medical attention. pexiganan, a 22-amino acid synthetic cationic analogue of peptide magainin ii, acts by selectively damaging bacterial cell membranes. we determined the mics for pexiganan and other antimicrobial agen ...201728373186
reproductive hormonal variations and adenohypophyseal lesions in pre-pubertal buffalo heifers inoculated with pasteurella multocida type b: 2 and its immunogens.hemorrhagic septicemia is a fatal disease of cattle and buffaloes caused by p. multocida. although the pathogenesis of the bacteria has been well established in literature, there is a paucity of information on the possible role of the bacteria and its immunogens; lipopolysaccharide (lps) and outer membrane proteins (omps) on the reproductive capacity of buffalo heifers.201728381248
hypercholesterolemia impairs oxytocin-induced uterine contractility in late pregnant mouse.high cholesterol is known to negatively affect uterine contractility in ex vivo conditions. the aim of the present study was to reveal the effect of in vivo hypercholesterolemia on spontaneous and oxytocin-induced uterine contractility in late pregnant mouse uterus. female swiss albino mice were fed with high cholesterol (hc) diet (0.5% sodium cholate, 1.25% cholesterol and 15% fat) for 6 weeks and then throughout the gestation period after mating. on day 19 of gestation, serum cholesterol level ...201728400465
genome sequence of pasteurella multocida razi 0002 of avian origin.we report here on the genome sequence of pasteurella multocida razi 0002 of avian origin, isolated in iran. the genome has a size of 2,289,036 bp, a g+c content of 40.3%, and is predicted to contain 2,079 coding sequences.201728408677
cross-protection conferred by immunization with an romph-based intranasal fowl cholera vaccine.a previous study demonstrated that a recombinant outer membrane protein h (romph)-based intranasal fowl cholera vaccine elicited efficient homologous protection against the pasteurella multocida strain x-73 (a:1) in chickens. the present study aimed to determine the cross-protectivity against heterologous p. multocida strains. the romph was purified via electroelution and formulated with two kinds of adjuvants. the vaccine formulations in a total volume of 100 µl were 100 µg romph with 3 µg of e ...201728421815
cryostored autologous skull bone for cranioplasty? a study on cranial bone flaps' viability and microbial contamination after deep-frozen storage at -80°c.craniectomy is a life-saving procedure. subsequent cranioplasty with autologous skull bone has a bone resorption rate from 4% to 22.8% and an infection rate from 3.3% to 26%. there are concerns with their viability and the potential microbial contamination as they were explanted for a long period of time. eighteen cranial bone flaps stored at prince of wales hospital skull bone bank during the period from june 2011 to march 2016 were identified. ethics approval was obtained. bone chips and deep ...201728431953
isolation, characterization, virulence and immunogenicity testing of field isolates of pasteurella multocida, staphylococcus aureus, and streptococcus agalactiae in laboratory settings.the present study was designed to investigate isolation, characterization, virulence and immunogenicity testing of field isolates of pasteurella multocida, staphylococcus aureus, and streptococcus agalactiae in rabbits and mice. isolates of p. multocida, s. aureus and str. agalactiae recovered from field cases of hemorragic septicemia and mastitis were scrutinized for virulence/pathogenicity and immunogenicity. mouse ld50 of p. multocida showed that p. multocida isolate no.1 was more virulent th ...201728450213
pasteurella multocida meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent adult with multiple cat scratches.we present the case of a 49-year-old woman admitted to our acute medical unit with a 2-day history of fever, vomiting and confusion. the patient was alcohol dependent and had sustained several scratches from her pet cat, which her pet dog had licked. she deteriorated in the emergency department-developing high fever, worsening confusion and meningism. blood cultures were taken and broad spectrum antibiotics commenced prior to ct scanning and diagnostic lumbar puncture. blood cultures and csf 16s ...201728473359
serological evidence of avian encephalomyelitis virus and pasteurella multocida infections in free-range indigenous chickens in southern mozambique.a total of 398 serum samples from free-range indigenous chickens originating from four villages in southern mozambique were tested for the presence of avian encephalomyelitis virus (aev) and pasteurella multocida (pm) antibodies through commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kits. aev and pm antibodies were detected in all villages surveyed. the proportion of positive samples was very high: 59.5% (95% confidence interval (ci) 51.7-67.7%) for aev and 71.5% (95% ci 67.7-77.3%) for pm ...201728474290
bacterial pericarditis in a cat.a 4-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented to the oregon state university cardiology service for suspected pericardial effusion. cardiac tamponade was documented and pericardiocentesis yielded purulent fluid with cytologic results supportive of bacterial pericarditis. the microbial population consisted of pasteurella multocida, actinomyces canis, fusobacterium and bacteroides species. conservative management was elected consisting of intravenous antibiotic therapy with ampic ...201728491384
chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction associated with enteric ganglionitis in a persian cat.case summary a 7-year-old neutered male persian cat was presented for acute vomiting and inappetence. physical examination revealed severe abdominal distension. radiographs demonstrated pneumoperitoneum, megaoesophagus and generalised gaseous distension of the digestive tract. exploratory coeliotomy was performed, revealing markedly distended and thickened small and large intestines with no observable peristalsis. no intestinal perforation was present. bacteriological and cytological analysis of ...201728491428
quantification of pasteurella multocida in experimentally infected pigs using a real-time pcr assay.the aim of the study was to quantify pasteurella multocida in experimentally infected pigs using a new qpcr assay based on the soda gene and validated with 35 p. multocida strains, including strains isolated from pigs with pneumonia, clinically healthy pigs (nasal cavities), and human infections. the specificity of the test was verified with a collection of 60 strains of bacterial species other than p. multocida. the estimated detection threshold was 10 genome equivalents per microliter. the amp ...201728499212
pasteurella multocida peritonitis associated with a cat in a peritoneal dialysis patient using an automated cycler device.pasteurella multocida (p. multocida) is an aerobic gram-negative coccobacillus, which is found as part of the natural oral flora of many animals, including most healthy cats and dogs. however, it can cause a variety of infections in humans, usually as a result of the patient being bitten or scratched by a cat or dog. there have been 22 reported cases of p. multocida peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (pd). of these, 66.7 % occurred within 12 months of the initiation of pd. on ...201228509064
detection and genetic characterization of pasteurella multocida from alpaca (vicugna pacos) pneumonia cases.pasteurella multocida is a common constituent of upper respiratory tract microbiota but is frequently isolated of alpaca lung tissues from pulmonary infections. despite its importance, very little is known about this bacteria at molecular level. in order to characterize p. multocida isolates, 24 isolates recovered from 46 mortal acute cases in young alpacas with suspected pneumonia were analyzed, using biochemical and molecular tests for capsule and lps typing, virulence factors detection, and e ...201728523388
characterization of pasteurella multocida associated with ovine pneumonia using multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) and virulence-associated gene profile analysis and comparison with porcine isolates.pasteurella multocida is a pathogen causing disease in a wide range of hosts including sheep and pigs. isolates from ovine pneumonia were characterized by mlst (multi-host and rirdc databases) and virulence-associated gene (vag) typing and compared with porcine isolates. ovine and porcine isolates did not share any sts as determined by both schemes and exhibited different vag profiles. with the multi-host database, sixteen sts were identified among 43 sheep isolates with two sts (st50 and st19) ...201728532799
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