Publications

survey of possible insecticide resistance in body lice.	who inaugurated in 1953 a global survey of the susceptibility of the body lice to insecticides. the test used consisted, essentially, of treating a balbriggan type of cloth with dusting powder, placing the lice upon it, and assessing the mortality 24 hours later. the present paper describes the results of tests carried out in 37 countries. a significant resistance to ddt has been found to be present in many countries, and there are indications of several instances of bhc-resistance.	1957	13413644
[production of a strain of human lice feeding on rabbit and its significance for epidermomembrane technic].		1957	13423206
[resistance of body lice (pediculus humanus corporis, deg.) to ddt in istok district (kosmet region)].		1957	13434038
[tincture from foot of derris as remedy against head lice].		1957	13477775
[a new insecticide against head lice].		1957	13477776
[studies on properties of rickettsia mooseri cultured in body lice; preliminary communication].		1957	13497183
development of insecticide resistance in body lice in villages of north-eastern iran.		1958	13536811
[transmission of several strains of rickettsia tsutsugamushi on body lice].		1958	13558476
[observations on transmission of brazilian spotted fever & siberian tick fever to body lice].		1958	13604761
[new insecticide against pediculus humanus corporis].		1959	13648118
the effect of house spraying with dieldrin on the incidence of the head-louse, pediculus humanus capitis.		1959	13666191
[new studies on the sensitivity to insecticides of pediculus humanus humanus k. linnaeus, 1758 in metropolitan france (southeast, paris, north)].		1959	13671324
[biological properties of rickettsia mooseri after a prolonged cultivation in the intestine of body lice. iv].		1960	13686182
[butadion - an effective agent for the control of body lice].		1960	13731426
insecticide resistance of body lice in the sudan republic.		1961	13738771
[extermination of body lice by taking pyrazolidine preparations, non-toxic for man, but having pediculicidal effect during bloodsucking].		1960	13773083
[the presence of rickettsia quintana in the louse pediculus humanus in mexico city; experimental inoculation].		1961	13780237
[further observations and experiments on the behavior of rickettsia in body lice].		1961	13784701
the susceptibility to dieldrin of pulex irritans and pediculus humanus corporis in the pare area of north-east tanganyika.		1959	13831868
resistance of the body louse (pediculus humanus corporis de g.) to ddt powders.		1960	13834636
studies on the susceptibility of pediculus humanus corporis de g. to ddt, gamma bhc and pyrethrins.		1961	13911374
[parasitosis of body lice in the general biological aspect].		1961	13917955
[critical considerations on the article, "butadion--an effective substance for the control of body lice"].		1962	13918144
development of resistance to ddt in the body louse, pediculus humanus corporis de geer, under experimental conditions.		1962	13944215
studies on the effect of frequency of feeding upon the biology of a rabbit-adapted strain of pediculus humanus.		1963	13949077
[experimental study of the development of rickettsia prowazeki in the body of human lice].		1962	13972411
field and laboratory studies on the use of malathion for control of body-lice in egypt.	in view of the development of resistance to ddt by egyptian strains of body-lice, there is a need for another effective and safe insecticide with which they may be controlled. trials were made in three governorates of the united arab republic to compare the effectiveness against these insects of 1% malathion and 10% ddt dusts, 30 g of powder being applied inside the clothing while it was being worn.when susceptibility tests were carried out with the who standard technique, the lc(50) was found t ...	1963	13976978
preliminary studies on the use of sorptive dusts for the control of the human lice, phthirus pubis (l.) and pediculus humanus capitis de geer.		1963	13993367
[development of the causative agent of paroxysmal (tick-borne) rickettsiosis and volhynia rickettsial fever in body lice].		1963	14078196
[infection of head lice with rickettsia prowazekii].		1964	14237291
attempts to infect pediculus humanus with spirochaeta duttoni from man.		1965	14271181
laboratory rearing of cockroaches, bed-bugs, human lice and fleas.		1964	14272467
[a new method for the evaluation of the effect of insecticides on body lice. (preliminary communication)].		1964	14331787
safety of malathion dusting powder for louse control.	because some strains of body lice are resistant to ddt and gamma-bhc, there is need for other effective, safe chemicals to control them. malathion is known to be effective at a concentration of 1%. to test its safety, the bodies and clothing of 39 men were dusted 5 times a week for 8-16 weeks with talcum powder containing 0, 1%, 5%, and 10% malathion. complaints about odour and skin irritation were roughly proportional to dosage. no change in blood cholinesterase activity was found, except perha ...	1960	14400336
susceptibility of body-lice to ddt in a heavily treated area of yugoslavia.	body-lice collected in the kosohovo-metohia area of yugoslavia, an area with a long history of epidemic typhus and one which had been treated with ddt since 1947, were tested for their susceptibility to that compound by the standard who test and showed an average mortality of 99% to 1.0% ddt and 96% to 0.1% ddt. freshly fed insects showed 100% mortality at both concentrations. tests with ddt-impregnated cloth indicated that the ld(50) had tripled between 1955 and 1958.in sleeve tests the body-li ...	1960	14415871
dealing with head lice--how have times changed?		2003	14552286
the geographical segregation of human lice preceded that of pediculus humanus capitis and pediculus humanus humanus.	in order to investigate human-louse phylogeny, we partially sequenced two nuclear (18s rrna and ef-1 alpha) and one mitochondrial (coi) genes from 155 pediculus from different geographical origins. the phylogenetic analysis of 18s rrna and ef-1 alpha sequences showed that human lice were classified into lice from sub-saharan africa and lice from other areas. in both clusters, head and body lice were clearly grouped into two separate clusters. our results indicate that the earliest divergence wit ...	2003	14558476
transcriptome identification of putative genes involved in protein catabolism and innate immune response in human body louse (pediculicidae: pediculus humanus).	genomics information relating to human body lice is surprisingly scarce, and this has constrained studies of their physiology, immunology and vector biology. to identify novel body louse genes, we used engorged adult lice to generate a cdna library. initially, 1152 clones were screened for inserts, edited for removal of vector sequences and base pairs of poor quality, and viewed for splicing variations, gene families and polymorphism. computational methods identified 506 inferred open reading fr ...	2003	14563364
in vivo and in vitro rearing of pediculus humanus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae).	four geographically distinct colonies of the human head louse, pediculus humanus capitis de geer (anoplura: pediculidae) were reared on a live host and exhibited significantly different life history patterns. florida head lice exhibited approximately 10% slower development and approximately 15% reduced longevity relative to california or ecuador head lice. fecundity (4.9 +/- 0.2 eggs/female/d) and fertility (76.4 +/- 2.9% mean hatching rate) declined over the lifetime of female lice, especially ...	2003	14596275
evidence in the treatment of head lice: drowning in a swamp of reviews.		2003	14614685
linking coevolutionary history to ecological process: doves and lice.	many host-specific parasites are restricted to a limited range of host species by ecological barriers that impede dispersal and successful establishment. in some cases, microevolutionary differentiation is apparent on top of host specificity, as evidenced by significant parasite population genetic structure among host populations. ecological barriers responsible for specificity and genetic structure can, in principle, reinforce macroevolutionary processes that generate congruent host-parasite ph ...	2003	14628921
treatment of pediculosis capitis with thiabendazole: a pilot study.	despite the improvement of health standards, head lice infestation remains a problem worldwide. in addition, there is increasing evidence that head lice are becoming resistant to common pediculocides.	2003	14636196
toxicity in head lice treatment.		2003	14650779
human lice and their control.	current research on human louse biology has focused on the long-standing debate about speciation of head and body lice but using new tools of dna and enzyme analysis. these studies have indicated that head and body lice from the same geographical zone may be more closely allied than insects inhabiting the same ecological niche in other regions. however, the majority of research over the past decade has involved clinical aspects including transmission, treatment, and the appearance and identifica ...	2004	14651472
prevalence and levels of permethrin resistance in pediculus humanus capitis de geer (anoplura: pediculidae) from buenos aires, argentina.	permethrin has been used extensively for control of pediculus humanus capitis de geer (anoplura: pediculidae) in argentina since 1990, resulting in the development of resistance to this and other pyrethroids. this resistance was first detected in some field populations in 1997. a survey for resistance in buenos aires in 2001 revealed significant resistance levels in lice on children at 24 of 26 (92.3%) schools. when compared with a previously unexposed reference population, resistance ratios (rr ...	2003	14680109
molecular analysis of a para sodium channel gene from pyrethroid-resistant head lice, pediculus humanus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae).	the problem of pyrethroid-resistance in head lice, pediculus humanus capitis (de geer), is growing worldwide, and an insensitive sodium channel is suspected as the major mechanism of this resistance. we sequenced an open reading frame (orf) encoding for the para-orthologous sodium channel from an insecticide-susceptible strain of the body louse, pediculus humanus humanus (l.), based on conserved peptide sequences and a known partial gene sequence. phenothrin-susceptible and -resistant head louse ...	2003	14680113
body louse remains found in textiles excavated at masada, israel.	a leg of the body louse, pediculus humanus humanus l. (phthiraptera: pediculidae), was found in a storeroom at masada build during the reign of king herod the great. the unearthed culture material clearly indicates that the room was occupied by the rebels during the first jewish revolt against the romans (ad 66-73/4). the context of the textiles associated with the louse and their nature suggest a rebel origin. an exuvium of a leg of the third nymphal stage of body louse was found. the first thr ...	2003	14680131
pediculosis.	the 3 major lice that infest humans are pediculus humanus capitis (head louse), pthirus pubis (crab louse), and pediculus humanus humanus (body louse). patients with louse infestation present with scalp pruritus, excoriations, cervical lymphadenopathy, and conjunctivitis. a hypersensitivity rash, or pediculid, may mimic a viral exanthem. head lice infestation crosses all economic and social boundaries, whereas body lice infestation preferentially affects the homeless and displaced. body lice are ...	2004	14699358
incidence and prevalence of head lice in a district health authority area.	there are very few recent studies of the incidence and prevalence of head lice in the uk. a population-based questionnaire survey was carried out in a district health authority area. two hundred and four of 235 primary schools (87%) agreed to participate. a total of 21,556 of 43,889 (49%) questionnaires were returned by parents. overall 438 children had head lice at the time of the survey, giving a prevalence of 2.03%; 8,059 had had lice at some time in the last year giving an annual incidence o ...	2003	14708276
cloning and characterization of a trypsin-encoding cdna of the human body louse pediculus humanus.	from a cdna library of the whole insect, a trypsin gene of pediculus humanus has been cloned and sequenced. the 908 bp clone has an open reading frame of 759 bp, which encodes a pre-proenzyme with 253 amino acid residues. a sixteen-residue n-terminal signal peptide is followed by a twelve-residue activation peptide with putative cleavage sites at gly16 and tyr28. the deduced amino acid sequence has several features typical of trypsin proteases and an overall identity of 35-43% with the trypsins ...	2004	14728662
[prevalence of pediculus humanus capitis infestation in schoolchildren at despeñaderos, córdoba province].	approximately 80% of argentine children have pediculosis, making it imperious to detect the defects in the prevention and control actions for this parasitosis.	2003	14763432
an automated feeding apparatus for in vitro maintenance of the human head louse, pediculus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae).	an automated feeding apparatus was developed to maintain the human head louse (pediculus capitis degeer) in vitro. with the use of valves and timers, banked human blood and saline from refrigerated reservoirs were pumped into and flushed out of the system every 7 d. during this rotational interval, bloodmeals were provided to head lice continuously and ad libitum through a stretched nescofilm-silicone sandwich membrane. compared with our previous in vitro human head louse-rearing apparatus, grea ...	2003	14765655
pediculosis and scabies.	pediculosis and scabies are caused by ectoparasites; patients usually present with itching. head and pubic lice infestations are diagnosed by the visualization of insects or viable nits (eggs). primary treatment is topically administered 1 percent permethrin. malathion is one alternative for treatment failures. the importance of environmental measures to prevent infestation is a matter of controversy. pubic lice are treated the same as head lice, but this finding should prompt evaluation for oth ...	2004	14765774
information from your family doctor. head lice.		2004	14765775
the effect of aureomycin on rickettsia prowazeki in the intestines of body lice.		1950	14778040
[effect of aureomycin on rickettsia prowazeki cultured in intestine of body lice].		1949	14779875
[controlling head lice].		1950	14780296
ddt resistance in korean body lice.		1952	14913148
[experimental infection of body lice and grain weevils with rickettsia conori (tick fever)].		1952	14943609
pediculicide drug products for over-the-counter human use; amendment of final monograph. final rule.	the food and drug administration (fda) is issuing a final rule amending the final monograph (fm) for over-the-counter (otc) pediculicide drug products to revise labeling for the statement of identity, warnings, directions, and other required statements. pediculicide drug products are used for the treatment of head, pubic (crab), and body lice. fda is issuing this final rule as part of its ongoing review of otc drug products after considering public comment on its proposed regulation and all rele ...	2003	14986677
follow-up: finding hard-to-find head lice.		2004	15002395
inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by tea tree oil.	pediculosis is a widespread condition reported in schoolchildren. treatment most commonly involves the physical removal of nits using fine-toothcombs and the chemical treatment of adult lice and eggs with topical preparations. the active constituents of these preparations frequently exert their effects through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (ache, ec 3.1.1.7). increasing resistance to many preparations has led to the search for more effective treatments. tea tree oil, otherwise known as mela ...	2004	15025863
ectoparasites--the underestimated realm.	context: ectoparasitoses (infestations with parasites that live on or in the skin) can cause considerable morbidity. whereas pediculosis and scabies are ubiquitous, cutaneous larva migrans and tungiasis (sand-flea disease) occur mainly in hot climates. the prevalence of ectoparasitoses in the general population is usually low, but can be high in vulnerable groups. scientific knowledge on how to deal best with parasitic skin diseases in different settings is scanty, and evidence-based measures fo ...	2004	15032237
head lice revisited: in vitro standardized tests and differences in malathion formulations.		2004	15096384
ovicidal and adulticidal activity of eucalyptus globulus leaf oil terpenoids against pediculus humanus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae).	the toxic effects of eucalyptus globulus leaf oil-derived monoterpenoids [1,8-cineole, l-phellandrene, (-)-alpha-pinene, 2-beta-pinene, trans-pinocarveol, gamma-terpinene, and 1-alpha-terpineol] and the known eucalyptusleaf oil terpenoids (beta-eudesmol and geranyl acetate) on eggs and females of the human head louse, pediculus humanus capitis, were examined using direct contact and fumigation bioassays and compared with the lethal activity of delta-phenothrin and pyrethrum, two commonly used pe ...	2004	15113148
relationship of treatment-resistant head lice to the safety and efficacy of pediculicides.	head lice infestation is a common and growing problem that primarily affects school-aged children. most cases of head lice are diagnosed and treated by nonphysicians. misdiagnosis may lead to treatment when no lice are present. treatment failure may lead to repeated use of and improperly applied pediculicides, potentially resulting in overexposure to pesticides. these treatment failures are primarily due to the emergence of treatment-resistant lice. in regions where resistant lice are common, pa ...	2004	15132409
the sex ratio distortion in the human head louse is conserved over time.	at the turn of the 19th century the first observations of a female-biased sex ratio in broods and populations of the head louse, pediculus humanus capitis, had been reported. a study by buxton in 1940 on the sex ratio of lice on prisoners in ceylon is still today the subject of reanalyses. this sex ratio distortion had been detected in ten different countries. in the last sixty years no new data have been collected, especially on scalp infestations under economically and socially more developed ...	2004	15140268
semi-automated quantification of ivermectin in rat and human plasma using protein precipitation and filtration with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.	ivermectin is a parasiticide commonly used in humans and livestock. it is currently under development for the treatment of pediculosis of humans (head lice) that does not respond to established treatments. a liquid chromatography/turbo ion spray tandem mass spectrometry (lc/tis-ms/ms) method for the determination of ivermectin in rat and human plasma has been developed that uses emamectin [4"-epi-(methylamino)-4"-deoxyavermectin] as the internal standard. sample preparation involved protein prec ...	2004	15174180
managing head lice in an era of increasing resistance to insecticides.	head lice are present in all age groups, however, the peak age for infestation is 7-8 years and the incidence varies throughout the year with higher incidence during the winter. different insecticides have been used over the past 60 years to manage this condition. there is now strong evidence of insecticide resistance established in many countries to such an extent that some of these chemicals have become obsolete. resistance to some pediculicides can vary from country to country and region to r ...	2004	15186196
infestation of people with lice in kathmandu and pokhara, nepal.	the prevalence of infestation with head lice and body lice, pediculus spp. (phthiraptera: pediculidae) and pubic (crab) lice pthirus pubis (l.) (phthiraptera: pthiridae), was recorded from 484 people in nepal. the prevalence of head lice varied from 16% in a sample of people aged 10-39 years of age, to 59% in street children. simultaneous infestations with head and body lice (double infestations) varied from 18% in slum children to 59% in street children.	2004	15189249
use of topical nicotine for treatment of pediculus humanus capitis (anaplura: pediculidae).	head lice are caused by the host-specific, ectoparasitic insect pediculus humanus capitis de geer and remain a common human infestation. as a response to increasing resistance of head lice to present insecticidal agents, additional agents must be pursued. inasmuch as nicotine has been used for controlling poultry lice, an in vitro study assessing its possible usage for human head lice was performed. nicotine proved not to be an efficient insecticide, although it may facilitate removal of adult l ...	2000	15218922
pediculosis capitis among schoolchildren in urban and rural areas of eastern poland.	the objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of head pediculosis in the rural and urban environments of lublin province (eastern poland) in 1996-2000 and to examine socioeconomic factors influencing distribution among schoolchildren. a total of 95,153 schoolchildren living in urban and rural areas were examined twice yearly by school nurses. the overall rate of head pediculosis differs significantly between rural (1.59%) and urban (0.48%) schools in eastern poland. children between ...	2004	15233324
economic considerations associated with pediculus humanus capitis infestation.	an estimated 6 to 12 million head lice infestations occur in the united states annually, with children ages 3 to 12 most likely to be affected. there are significant direct costs associated with treatment and indirect costs due to lost time from school. anecdotal reports suggest that direct costs of treatment are in the hundreds of millions of dollars annually. indirect costs are also substantial but more difficult to quantify. examples of indirect costs include missed days from schools that use ...	2004	15248004
insecticidal activity of plant essential oils against pediculus humanus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae).	the insecticidal activity of 54 plant essential oils against female pediculus humanus capitis de geer was examined using direct contact and fumigation methods, and compared with the lethal activity of delta-phenothrin and pyrethrum, two commonly used pediculicides. in a filter paper contact bioassay with female p. humanus capitis, the pediculicidal activity was more pronounced in eucalyptus, marjoram, pennyroyal, and rosemary oils than in delta-phenothrin and pyrethrum on the basis of lt50 value ...	2004	15311463
use of human lice in forensic entomology.	hematophagus arthropod bloodmeals may be useful in identifying individual hosts. to examine the application of human lice as a forensic tool, that is, as evidence of physical contact between individuals, body lice from a laboratory colony and head lice, collected from the head of infested children, were studied. the dna profile of an individual was detectable in the pooled bloodmeals of two body lice, up to 20 h postfeeding. a mixed dna profile of two hosts was identifiable in the pooled bloodme ...	2004	15311479
[ivermectin].	ivermectin is a semi-synthetic derivative of a macrocyclic lactone. it causes paralysis in many nematodes and arthropodes because of its effect on ion-channels in cell membranes. ivermectin was first used in veterinary medicine. in man, it was shown to be microfilaricid against onchocerca volvulus. most of the adverse reactions following treatment were mild, without the systemic and ocular side effects usually complicating diethylcarbamazine therapy. in endemic areas after repeated administratio ...	2004	15318139
feedback from community pharmacy users on the contribution of community pharmacy to improving the public's health: a systematic review of the peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed literature 1990-2002.	to systematically review feedback from pharmacy users on their perceptions and experiences of health-related advice and services provided from community pharmacies.	2004	15327458
a simple treatment for head lice: dry-on, suffocation-based pediculicide.	the emergence of drug-resistant lice has created the need for new therapies. this study assesses a new method without neurotoxins, extensive household cleaning, or nit removal.	2004	15342886
guest editorial: eliminating head lice: itching to do the research.		2004	15361151
the effect of 2-pivalyl-1,3-indandione on body lice, when administered orally to rabbit hosts.		1949	15394399
localization of antigen in tissue cells; antigens of rickettsiae and mumps virus.	rickettsiae of epidemic typhus fever and rocky mountain spotted fever have been microscopically localized and identified in smears of exudates and tissue sections from infected cotton rats by means of homologous antibody labelled with fluorescein. epidemic typhus has also been identified in smears from single infected human body lice. mumps virus antigen has been microscopically localized in the parotid of the experimentally infected monkey by the same method. the antigenic material, probably ac ...	1950	15395571
flying squirrels and their ectoparasites: disseminators of epidemic typhus.	information gathered during the past decade indicates that the eastern flying squirrel, glaucomys volans, is a zoonotic reservoir of rickettsia prowazekii - causative agent of louse-borne (epidemic) typhus. the sporadic cases o f typhus that have occurred in the usa in association with flying squirrels provide evidence that flying squirrels can transmit r. prowazekii infection to humons. strains of r. prowazekii, isolated from flying squirrels multiply readily in human body lice, but flying squi ...	1987	15462918
head lice prevalence in primary schools in victoria, australia.	to determine the prevalence of and assess risk factors associated with head lice infections (pediculosis) in children from government primary schools in victoria, australia.	2004	15469530
simple and effective treatment for head lice.		2004	15469684
acinetobacter baumannii in human body louse.	while we were isolating bartonella quintana from body lice, 40 acinetobacter baumannii strains were also isolated and genotyped. one clone was unique and the other was ampicillin susceptible. a. baumannii dna was later detected in 21% of 622 lice collected worldwide. these findings show an a. baumannii epidemic in human body lice.	2004	15498175
genetic analysis of lice supports direct contact between modern and archaic humans.	parasites can be used as unique markers to investigate host evolutionary history, independent of host data. here we show that modern human head lice, pediculus humanus, are composed of two ancient lineages, whose origin predates modern homo sapiens by an order of magnitude (ca. 1.18 million years). one of the two louse lineages has a worldwide distribution and appears to have undergone a population bottleneck ca. 100,000 years ago along with its modern h. sapiens host. phylogenetic and populatio ...	2004	15502871
overview: the state of head lice management and control.	head lice infestations affect millions of people in the united states. children become infested more often than adults and account for the largest percentage of infestations. head lice have not been shown to transfer disease, and they are not associated with serious morbidity. the most common effect of lice infestation is pruritus of the scalp with occasional cutaneous infection caused by scratching. nevertheless, many schools have "no-nit" policies, which require the dismissal of children from ...	2004	15515629
clinical update on resistance and treatment of pediculosis capitis.	the anatomy and physiology of head lice make them extremely adaptable to their human hosts but also difficult to eradicate. their coloring and small size make them difficult to see, and the larvae, or nymphs, have multiple exoskeletons for protection. when exposed to pediculicides, a nymph can shed its outer exoskeleton and receive only a sublethal dose. through natural selection, head lice have developed resistance to commonly used pediculicides, making it increasingly difficult to eliminate in ...	2004	15515630
american academy of pediatrics guidelines for the prevention and treatment of head lice infestation.	the american academy of pediatrics (aap) established diagnosis and treatment guidelines for pediculosis in 2002. ideally, diagnosis should be based on the observation of a live louse. the presence of nits is also used by many people to positively diagnose an infestation, although a nit located farther from the scalp than 1 cm is unlikely to be viable. other material on the scalp may be mistaken for nits, leading to misdiagnosis. because lice are not associated with serious medical problems, the ...	2004	15515631
treating and managing head lice: the school nurse perspective.	school nurses often are the first healthcare professionals to diagnose lice infestations in children. although lice do not transmit disease, many schools send children home if they detect live head lice. it is the position of the national association of school nurses that children who have been treated for lice infestations should not be excluded from school because of the presence of residual nits. the primary goals of the school nurse in controlling infestations are to identify children with h ...	2004	15515632
head lice treatment costs and the impact on managed care.	the number of head lice infestations occurring annually in the united states is estimated at 6 million to 12 million. although a formal economic analysis of head lice treatments has not been conducted, the direct cost of treatment can be roughly estimated by considering the costs of pediculicides and taking into consideration that patients may self-treat up to 5 times before seeking medical care. added to the direct costs of treatment are indirect costs because of lost school days and lost produ ...	2004	15515633
faculty discussion: definitive management of head lice in the era of pediculicide resistance.		2004	15515634
head lice. a common nuisance.		2004	15551447
head lice.		2003	15555182
efficacy of a reduced application time of ovide lotion (0.5% malathion) compared to nix creme rinse (1% permethrin) for the treatment of head lice.	our objective was to conduct a randomized, investigator-blinded evaluation of the pediculicidal and ovicidal activity of a reduced application time (20 minutes) of ovide (0.5% malathion) compared to nix (1% permethrin) in a south florida population infested with pediculus humanus capitis. either ovide or nix was applied according to the label instructions. however, ovide application time was reduced to 20 minutes. at day 8, subjects with live lice were re-treated with the same product and proced ...	2004	15575855
exclusion of ill children from child-care centers in israel.	the aim of the study was to examine criteria for ill children in child-care centers. a questionnaire on practices of exclusion/return of children according to specific signs and symptoms was mailed to the directors of care centers in central israel. thirty-six of the 60 questionnaires (60%) were returned by mail and the reminded were completed in personal visits to the cccs achieving a response rate of 100%. about half (51.7%) used "common sense" and "personal feelings" to exclude children and t ...	2005	15590228
a better way to treat head lice?		2004	15599960
repellency of citronella for head lice: double-blind randomized trial of efficacy and safety.	head lice move easily from head to head. the lack of safe, effective repellents leads to reinfestation.	2004	15609890
home remedies to control head lice: assessment of home remedies to control the human head louse, pediculus humanus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae).	as the frequency and level of pediculicide resistance increases throughout the world, the need for novel solutions to control pediculosis has intensified. the development and registration of new pesticides has become so costly that many chemical companies are unwilling to pursue it and health-care providers now face a serious lack of new commercial pediculicides. many infested people resort to using "home-remedy" approaches that have not been scientifically tested. in this article, we examined t ...	2004	15637580
new head-lice treatments: hope or hype?		2005	15639662