Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID(sorted ascending)
Filter
changes in adaptation of h5n2 highly pathogenic avian influenza h5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses in chickens and mallards.h5n2 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses caused a severe poultry outbreak in the united states (u.s.) during 2015. in order to examine changes in adaptation of this viral lineage, the infectivity, pathogenicity and transmission of poultry h5n2 viruses were investigated in chickens and mallards in comparison to the wild duck 2014 u.s. index h5n2 virus. the four poultry isolates examined had a lower mean bird infectious dose than the index virus but still transmitted poorly to direct ...201627632565
protective efficacy of a prime-boost protocol using h5-dna plasmid as prime and inactivated h5n2 vaccine as the booster against the egyptian avian influenza challenge virus.in this study, a recombinant dna plasmid was constructed, encoding for ha1 of a selected egyptian h5n1 virus (isolated during the 2012 outbreaks). in the immunization and challenge experiments, spf chickens received 1 or 2 doses of h5-dna plasmid prime, and boosted with the inactivated h5n2 vaccine. haemagglutination inhibition (hi) titers, protection levels, and the magnitude of virus shedding were compared to that of the chickens that received either dna plasmid or inactivated h5n2 vaccine alo ...201727640441
amino acid substitutions involved in the adaptation of a novel highly pathogenic h5n2 avian influenza virus in mice.h5n2 avian influenza viruses (aivs) can infect individuals that are in frequent contact with infected birds. in 2013, we isolated a novel reassortant highly pathogenic h5n2 aiv strain [a/duck/zhejiang/6dk19/2013(h5n2) (6dk19)] from a duck in eastern china. this study was undertaken to understand the adaptive processes that led enhanced replication and increased virulence of 6dk19 in mammals. 6dk19 was adapted to mice using serial lung-to-lung passages (10 passages total). the virulence of the wi ...201627663652
pathologic findings and viral antigen distribution during natural infection of ring-necked pheasants with h5n2 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus a.highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) is a major viral disease of poultry characterized by acute onset, systemic infection, and rapid death. in january 2015, h5n2 hpai was identified by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) and gene sequencing as the cause of rapid death in 40 of 390 ring-necked pheasants (approximately 10% mortality), raised in a game bird farm in washington state. we report clinicopathologic findings and viral antigen distribution in pheasan ...201727694426
sequence diversity and associated pathogenicity of the hemagglutinin cleavage site of h5n2 avian influenza viruses isolated from chickens in taiwan during 2013-2015.the sequence at the hemagglutinin (ha) cleavage site (cs) plays a key role in determining the pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses. three types of ha cs sequences, qrekr/gl, qrkkr/gl and qrrkr/gl, were previously reported in taiwanese h5n2 viruses that were isolated from chickens from 2003 to 2013. however, no ha cs sequence was reported for viruses isolated after 2013. this article presents the ha cs sequences and pathogenicity of h5n2 viruses that were isolated from chickens in taiwan duri ...201727725416
the response of mute swans (cygnus olor, gm. 1789) to vaccination against avian influenza with an inactivated h5n2 vaccine.recent epidemics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) produced an unprecedented number of cases in mute swans (cygnus olor) in european countries, which indicates that these birds are very sensitive to the h5n1 virus. the hpai outbreaks stirred a debate on the controversial stamping-out policy in populations of protected bird species. after preventive vaccination had been approved in the european union, several countries have introduced vaccination schemes to protect poultry, captive wild ...201627770803
safe application of regionalization for trade in poultry and poultry products during highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in the usa.the 2014-2015 h5nx high pathogenicity avian influenza (hpai) outbreak affected 211 commercial premises, 21 backyard flocks, 75 individual wild birds and four captive-reared raptors in 21 western and upper midwestern states, resulting in death or culling of over 50.4 million poultry in the stamping-out programme that cost the us government $850 million. the outbreak had a negative $3.3 billion impact on the economy. seventeen trading partners suspended imports of all us-origin poultry and poultry ...201727817200
highly pathogenic influenza a(h5nx) viruses with altered h5 receptor-binding specificity.emergence and intercontinental spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza a(h5nx) virus clade 2.3.4.4 is unprecedented. h5n8 and h5n2 viruses have caused major economic losses in the poultry industry in europe and north america, and lethal human infections with h5n6 virus have occurred in asia. knowledge of the evolution of receptor-binding specificity of these viruses, which might affect host range, is urgently needed. we report that emergence of these viruses is accompanied by a change in rec ...201727869615
age is not a determinant factor in susceptibility of broilers to h5n2 clade 2.3.4.4 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus.in 2014-2015, the us experienced an unprecedented outbreak of h5 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus. the h5n2 hpai virus outbreak in the midwest in 2015 affected commercial turkey and layer farms, but not broiler farms. to assess any potential genetic resistance of broilers and/or age-related effects, we investigated the pathogenesis and transmission of a/turkey/minnesota/12582/2015 (h5n2) (tk/mn/15) virus in commercial 5-week-old broilers, 8-week-old broilers, and >30- ...201627871330
h5n2 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses from the us 2014-2015 outbreak have an unusually long pre-clinical period in turkeys.from december 2014 through june 2015, the us experienced the most costly highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) outbreak to date. most cases in commercial poultry were caused by an h5n2 strain which was a reassortant with 5 eurasian lineage genes, including a clade 2.3.4.4 goose/guangdong/1996 lineage hemagglutinin, and 3 genes from north american wild waterfowl low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. the outbreak primarily affected turkeys and table-egg layer type chickens. three isolates ...201627876034
label-free virus capture and release by a microfluidic device integrated with porous silicon nanowire forest.viral diseases are perpetual threats to human and animal health. detection and characterization of viral pathogens require accurate, sensitive, and rapid diagnostic assays. for field and clinical samples, the sample preparation procedures limit the ultimate performance and utility of the overall virus diagnostic protocols. this study presents the development of a microfluidic device embedded with porous silicon nanowire (psinw) forest for label-free size-based point-of-care virus capture in a co ...201727918640
virus-like particles displaying h5, h7, h9 hemagglutinins and n1 neuraminidase elicit protective immunity to heterologous avian influenza viruses in chickens.avian influenza (ai) viruses circulating in wild birds pose a serious threat to public health. human and veterinary vaccines against ai subtypes are needed. here we prepared triple-subtype vlps that co-localized h5, h7 and h9 antigens derived from h5n1, h7n3 and h9n2 viruses. vlps also contained influenza n1 neuraminidase and retroviral gag protein. the h5/h7/h9/n1/gag vlps were prepared using baculovirus expression. biochemical, functional and antigenic characteristics were determined including ...201727936463
targeting antigens to dec-205 on dendritic cells induces a higher immune response in chickens: hemagglutinin of avian influenza virus example.it is widely known that targeting a variety of antigens to the dec-205 receptor on dendritic cells (dcs) significantly potentiate immunity. this communication reports the development of a new murine monoclonal antibody (mab) against the chicken dec-205, using as immunogen the carbohydrate recognition domain-2 (crd-2) heterologously expressed. this mab recognizes a protein band of 250kda by immunoprecipitation analysis and shows strong cross-reactivity with human and pig dec-205. furthermore, the ...201727987414
genesis and dissemination of highly pathogenic h5n6 avian influenza viruses.clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (h5nx) have spread from asia to other parts of the world. since 2014, human infections with clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n6 viruses have been continuously reported in china. to investigate the genesis of the virus, we analyzed 123 h5 or n6 environmental viruses sampled from live-poultry markets or farms from 2012 to 2015 in mainland china. our results indicated that clade 2.3.4.4 h5n2/n6/n8 viruses shared the same hemag ...201728003485
vaccine efficacy of inactivated, chimeric hemagglutinin h9/h5n2 avian influenza virus and its suitability for the marker vaccine strategy.in order to produce a dually effective vaccine against h9 and h5 avian influenza viruses that aligns with the diva (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) strategy, we generated a chimeric h9/h5n2 recombinant vaccine that expressed the whole ha1 region of a/ck/korea/04163/04 (h9n2) and the ha2 region of recent highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a/md/korea/w452/14 (h5n8) viruses. the chimeric h9/h5n2 virus showed in vitro and in vivo growth properties and virulence that were simi ...201728077631
reoccurrence of avian influenza a(h5n2) virus clade 2.3.4.4 in wild birds, alaska, usa, 2016.we report reoccurrence of highly pathogenic avian influenza a(h5n2) virus clade 2.3.4.4 in a wild mallard in alaska, usa, in august 2016. identification of this virus in a migratory species confirms low-frequency persistence in north america and the potential for re-dissemination of the virus during the 2016 fall migration.201728098546
outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in minnesota in 2015.the incursion of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) into the united states during 2014 resulted in an unprecedented foreign animal disease (fad) event; 232 outbreaks were reported from 21 states. the disease affected 49.6 million birds and resulted in economic losses of $950 million. minnesota is the largest turkey-producing state, accounting for 18% of u.s. turkey production. areas with concentrated numbers of turkeys in minnesota were the epicenter of the outbreak. the first case was pre ...201728176609
isolation and genetic characterization of a novel 2.2.1.2a h5n1 virus from a vaccinated meat-turkeys flock in egypt.vaccination of poultry to control highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) h5n1 is used in several countries. hpaiv h5n1 of clade 2.2.1 which is endemic in egypt has diversified into two genetic clades. clade 2.2.1.1 represents antigenic drift variants in vaccinated commercial poultry while clade 2.2.1.2 variants are detected in humans and backyard poultry. little is known about h5n1 infection in vaccinated turkeys under field conditions.201728274236
emerging highly pathogenic h5 avian influenza viruses in france during winter 2015/16: phylogenetic analyses and markers for zoonotic potential.several new highly pathogenic (hp) h5 avian influenza virus (aiv) have been detected in poultry farms from south-western france since november 2015, among which an hp h5n1. the zoonotic potential and origin of these aivs immediately became matters of concern. one virus of each subtype h5n1 (150169a), h5n2 (150233) and h5n9 (150236) was characterised. all proved highly pathogenic for poultry as demonstrated molecularly by the presence of a polybasic cleavage site in their ha protein - with a sequ ...201728277218
mucosal vaccination of conserved sm2, ha2 and cholera toxin subunit a1 (cta1) fusion protein with poly gamma-glutamate/chitosan nanoparticles (pc nps) induces protection against divergent influenza subtypes.to develop a safe and effective mucosal vaccine that broad cross protection against seasonal or emerging influenza a viruses, we generated a mucosal influenza vaccine system combining the highly conserved matrix protein-2 (sm2), fusion peptide of hemagglutinin (ha2), the well-known mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin subunit a1 (cta1) and poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-pga)-chitosan nanoparticles (pc nps), which are safe, natural materials that are able to target the mucosal membrane as a mucosal adjuvant. ...201728284616
low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in wild migratory waterfowl in a region of high poultry production, delmarva, maryland.migratory waterfowl are natural reservoirs for low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (aivs) and may contribute to the long-distance dispersal of these pathogens as well as spillover into domestic bird populations. surveillance for aivs is critical to assessing risks for potential spread of these viruses among wild and domestic bird populations. the delmarva peninsula on the east coast of the united states is both a key convergence point for migratory atlantic waterfowl populations and a region ...201728301229
reassortment of influenza a viruses in wild birds in alaska before h5 clade 2.3.4.4 outbreaks.sampling of mallards in alaska during september 2014-april 2015 identified low pathogenic avian influenza a virus (subtypes h5n2 and h1n1) that shared ancestry with highly pathogenic reassortant h5n2 and h5n1 viruses. molecular dating indicated reassortment soon after interhemispheric movement of h5n8 clade 2.3.4.4, suggesting genetic exchange in alaska or surrounds before outbreaks.201728322698
surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild turkeys ( meleagris gallopavo ) of minnesota during 2015 outbreaks in domestic poultry.an outbreak of a novel reassortant of highly pathogenic avian influenza a (h5n2) virus (hpaiv) decimated domestic turkeys ( meleagris gallopavo ) from march through mid-june, 2015 in the state of minnesota, usa. in response, as part of broader surveillance efforts in wild birds, we designed a pilot effort to sample and test hunter-harvested wild turkeys ( meleagris gallopavo ) for hpaiv in minnesota counties with known infected poultry facilities. we also collected opportunistic samples from dea ...201728323565
flock-based surveillance for low pathogenic avian influenza virus in commercial breeders and layers, southwest nigeria.flock surveillance systems for avian influenza (ai) virus play a critical role in countries where vaccination is not practiced so as to establish the epidemiological characteristics of ai needed for the development of prevention and control strategies in such countries.201728337492
hydrazinium 2-amino-4-nitro-benzoate dihydrate: crystal structure and hirshfeld surface analysis.in the anion of the title salt hydrate, h5n2(+)·c7h5n2o4(-)·2h2o, the carboxyl-ate and nitro groups lie out of the plane of the benzene ring to which they are bound [dihedral angles = 18.80 (10) and 8.04 (9)°, respectively], and as these groups are conrotatory, the dihedral angle between them is 26.73 (15)°. an intra-molecular amino-n-h⋯o(carboxyl-ate) hydrogen bond is noted. the main feature of the crystal packing is the formation of a supra-molecular chain along the b axis, with a zigzag topol ...201728435725
temporal and spatial characteristics of highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in china during 2004 to 2015.identifying the temporal and spatial characteristics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) outbreaks is very important for developing effective and appropriate countermeasures against hpai and promoting sustainable development in the poultry industry. this study aimed to analyze four aspects of the temporal and spatial characteristics of hpai outbreaks in china, including the frequency of hpai outbreaks, numbers of dead animals (died or culled), types of hpai viruses, and species of infect ...201728453859
temporary removal: homologous and heterologous antigenic matched vaccines containing different h5 hemagglutinins provide variable protection of chickens from the 2014 u.s. h5n8 and h5n2 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.the publisher regrets that this article has been temporarily removed. a replacement will appear as soon as possible in which the reason for the removal of the article will be specified, or the article will be reinstated. the full elsevier policy on article withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.201728456525
characterization of novel reassortant influenza a (h5n2) viruses isolated from poultry in eastern china, 2015.recently, novel variants of h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (aivs) have been frequently isolated from poultry and wild birds in asia, europe and north america. live poultry markets (lpms) play an important role in the dissemination of influenza viruses. four h5n2 aivs were isolated from poultry during surveillance of aivs in lpms in eastern china, in 2015. whole-genome sequencing, combined with phylogenetic and antigenic analyses were performed to characterize these viruses. these h ...201728487690
the pathogenesis of clade 2.3.4.4 h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in ruddy duck (oxyura jamaicensis) and lesser scaup (aythya affinis).waterfowl are the natural hosts of avian influenza virus (aiv) and disseminate the virus worldwide through migration. historically, surveillance and research efforts for aiv in waterfowl have focused on dabbling ducks. the role of diving ducks in aiv ecology has not been well characterized. in this study, we examined the relative susceptibility and pathogenicity of clade 2.3.4.4 h5 highly pathogenic (hp) aiv (hpaiv) in two species of diving ducks. juvenile and adult ruddy duck (oxyura jamaicensi ...201728513330
safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated influenza h5 candidate vaccine strain a/17/turkey/turkey/05/133 h5n2 and its priming effects for potential pre-pandemic use: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 viruses has raised concerns about their pandemic potential. vaccination is the most effective way of preventing influenza. in this study, we investigated the safety and immunogenicity of an avian h5n2 live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv h5n2) in healthy thai adults and its priming immune responses with an h5n1 inactivated vaccine boost.201728533093
assessment of pathogenicity and antigenicity of american lineage influenza h5n2 viruses in taiwan.during december 2003 and march 2004, large scale epidemics of low-pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) h5n2 occurred in poultry farms in central and southern taiwan. based on genomic analysis, these h5n2 viruses contain ha and na genes of american-lineage h5n2 viruses and six internal genes from avian influenza a/h6n1 viruses endemic in poultry in taiwan. after disappearing for several years, these novel influenza h5n2 viruses caused outbreaks in poultry farms again in 2008, 2010 and 2012, and have ...201728549236
stockpiled pre-pandemic h5n1 influenza virus vaccines with as03 adjuvant provide cross-protection from h5n2 clade 2.3.4.4 virus challenge in ferrets.avian influenza viruses, notably h5 subtype viruses, pose a continuous threat to public health due to their pandemic potential. in recent years, influenza virus h5 subtype split vaccines with novel oil-in-water emulsion based adjuvants (e.g. as03, mf59) have been shown to be safe, immunogenic, and able to induce broad immune responses in clinical trials, providing strong scientific support for vaccine stockpiling. however, whether such vaccines can provide protection from infection with emerging ...201728554058
protection of white leghorn chickens by u.s. emergency h5 vaccination against clade 2.3.4.4 h5n2 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus.during december 2014-june 2015, the u.s. experienced a high pathogenicity avian influenza (hpai) outbreak caused by clade 2.3.4.4 h5nx goose/guangdong lineage viruses with devastating consequences for the poultry industry. three vaccines, developed based on updating existing registered vaccines or currently licensed technologies, were evaluated for possible use: an inactivated reverse genetics h5n1 vaccine (rgh5n1) and an rna particle vaccine (rp-h5), both containing the hemagglutinin gene of cl ...201728554502
systems-based approach to examine the cytokine responses in primary mouse lung macrophages infected with low pathogenic avian influenza virus circulating in south east asia.influenza a virus (iav) is a major public health concern, being responsible for the death of approximately half a million people each year. zoonotic transmissions of the virus from swine and avian origin have occurred in the past, and can potentially lead to the emgergence of new iav stains in future pandemics. pulmonary macrophages have been implicated in disease severity in the lower airway, and understanding the host response of macrophages infected with avian influenza viruses should p ...201728558796
influenza viruses production: evaluation of a novel avian cell line duckcelt®-t17.the influenza vaccine manufacturing industry is looking for production cell lines that are easily scalable, highly permissive to multiple viruses, and more effective in term of viral productivity. one critical characteristic of such cell lines is their ability to grow in suspension, in serum free conditions and at high cell densities. influenza virus causing severe epidemics both in human and animals is an important threat to world healthcare. the repetitive apparition of influenza pandemic outb ...201728571695
infectivity, transmission and pathogenicity of h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4 (h5n8 and h5n2) united states index viruses in pekin ducks and chinese geese.in late 2014, a h5n8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus, clade 2.3.4.4, spread by migratory waterfowl into north america reassorting with low pathogenicity ai viruses to produce a h5n2 hpai virus. since domestic waterfowl are common backyard poultry frequently in contact with wild waterfowl, the infectivity, transmissibility, and pathogenicity of the united states h5 hpai index viruses (h5n8 and h5n2) was investigated in domestic ducks and geese. ducks infected with the viruses had a ...201728592320
a nanostructured microfluidic immunoassay platform for highly sensitive infectious pathogen detection.rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple potential pathogens by portable devices can facilitate early diagnosis of infectious diseases, and allow for rapid and effective implementation of disease prevention and treatment measures. the development of a zno nanorod integrated microdevice as a multiplex immunofluorescence platform for highly sensitive and selective detection of avian influenza virus (aiv) is described. the 3d morphology and unique optical property of the zno nanorods boost the ...201728636164
highlighting the complexities of a groundwater pilot study during an avian influenza outbreak: methods, lessons learned, and select contaminant results.the highly pathogenic avian influenza (h5n2) outbreak in the midwestern united states (us) in 2015 was historic due to the number of birds and poultry operations impacted and the corresponding economic loss to the poultry industry and was the largest animal health emergency in us history. the u.s. geological survey (usgs), with the assistance of several state and federal agencies, aided the response to the outbreak by developing a study to determine the extent of virus transport in the environme ...201728654877
biological characterizations of h5nx avian influenza viruses embodying different neuraminidases.the h5 subtype virus of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus has caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry and is a threat to human health. until 2010, h5n1 subtype virus was the major genotype in china. since 2011, reassortant h5n2, h5n6, and h5n8 viruses were identified in domestic poultry in china. the clade 2.3.4.4 h5n6 and h5n8 aiv has now spread to most of china. clade 2.3.4.4 h5n6 virus has caused 17 human deaths. however, the prevalence, pathogenicity, and transmissibility o ...201728659898
rapid virulence shift of an h5n2 avian influenza virus during a single passage in mice.influenza a viruses must undergo adaptation to acquire virulence in new host species. in mouse models, host adaptation for virulence is generally performed through 5 to 20 lung-to-lung passages. however, highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (e.g., h5n1 and h7n7 subtypes) have been observed to acquire virulence in mice after only a few in vivo passages. in this study, a low-pathogenic avian influenza h5n2 virus, a/aquatic bird/korea/cn2/2009, which was a prevalent subtype in south korea in 2 ...201728664296
epidemiologic investigation of highly pathogenic h5n2 avian influenza among upper midwest u.s. turkey farms, 2015.in 2015, an outbreak of h5n2 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) occurred in the united states, severely impacting the turkey industry in the upper midwestern united states. industry, government, and academic partners worked together to conduct a case-control investigation of the outbreak on turkey farms in the upper midwest. case farms were confirmed to have hpai-infected flocks, and control farms were farms with noninfected turkey flocks at a similar stage of production. both case and con ...201728665726
absence of clinical disease and contact transmission of north american clade 2.3.4.4 h5nx hpai in experimentally infected pigs.in the fall of 2014, clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) subtype h5n8 was introduced into north america by migrating waterfowl from asia where, through reassortment, novel hpai h5n2 and h5n1 viruses emerged.201728688206
biological evaluation of uridine derivatives of 2-deoxy sugars as potential antiviral compounds against influenza a virus.influenza virus infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. due to the limited ability of currently available treatments, there is an urgent need for new anti-influenza drugs with broad spectrum protection. we have previously shown that two 2-deoxy sugar derivatives of uridine (designated iw3 and iw7) targeting the glycan processing steps during maturation of viral glycoproteins show good anti-influenza virus activity and may be a promising alternative approach for the devel ...201728777309
pathobiology of clade 2.3.4.4 h5nx high pathogenicity avian influenza virus infections in minor gallinaceous poultry supports early backyard flock introductions in western u.s., 2014-2015.in 2014-2015, the u.s. experienced an unprecedented outbreak of eurasian clade 2.3.4.4 h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus. initial cases affected mainly wild birds and mixed backyard poultry species, while later outbreaks affected mostly commercial chickens and turkeys. the pathogenesis, transmission, and intra-host evolutionary dynamics of initial eurasian h5n8 and reassortant h5n2 clade 2.3.4.4 hpai viruses in the u.s. were investigated in minor gallinaceous poultry species (i.e ...201728794040
pathogenicity testing of influenza candidate vaccine viruses in the ferret model.the development of influenza candidate vaccine viruses (cvvs) for pre-pandemic vaccine production represents a critical step in pandemic preparedness. the multiple subtypes and clades of avian or swine origin influenza viruses circulating world-wide at any one time necessitates the continuous generation of cvvs to provide an advanced starting point should a novel zoonotic virus cross the species barrier and cause a pandemic. furthermore, the evolution and diversity of novel influenza viruses tha ...201728846898
[establishment of a high sensitive indirect elisa for detecting specific antibodies against h9 subtype avian influenza virus].h9 subtype avian influenza virus causes worldwide epidemic, resulting in enormous economic losses of poultry production. in the present study, an indirect elisa method was established for more accurate and specific detection. the recombinant protein of the globular head domain of ha of h9 subtype avian influenza virus was used as antigen. specific blocking buffers and dilution buffers were determined to increase the sensitivity and specificity. the sensitivity of elisa was higher than that of he ...201728853253
evolution, global spread, and pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5nx clade 2.3.4.4.novel subtypes of asian-origin (goose/guangdong lineage) h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses belonging to clade 2.3.4, such as h5n2, h5n5, h5n6, and h5n8, have been identified in china since 2008 and have since evolved into four genetically distinct clade 2.3.4.4 groups (a-d). since 2014, hpai clade 2.3.4.4 viruses have spread rapidly via migratory wild aquatic birds and have evolved through reassortment with prevailing local low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. group a h5n ...201728859267
development of american-lineage influenza h5n2 reassortant vaccine viruses for pandemic preparedness.novel low-pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) h5n2 viruses hit poultry farms in taiwan in 2003, and evolved into highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses in 2010. these viruses are reassortant viruses containing ha and na genes from american-lineage h5n2 and six internal genes from local h6n1 viruses. according to a serological survey, the taiwan h5n2 viruses can cause asymptomatic infections in poultry workers. therefore, a development of influenza h5n2 vaccines is desirable for pandemic ...201931212631
agricultural and geographic factors shaped the north american 2015 highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n2 outbreak.the 2014-2015 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5nx outbreak represents the largest and most expensive hpai outbreak in the united states to date. despite extensive traditional and molecular epidemiological studies, factors associated with the spread of hpai among midwestern poultry premises remain unclear. to better understand the dynamics of this outbreak, 182 full genome hpai h5n2 sequences isolated from commercial layer chicken and turkey production premises were analyzed using evolu ...202031961906
the impacts of reassortant avian influenza h5n2 virus ns1 proteins on viral compatibility and regulation of immune responses.avian influenza virus (aiv) can cause severe diseases in poultry worldwide. h6n1 aiv was the dominant enzootic subtype in 1985 in the chicken farms of taiwan until the initial outbreak of a low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) h5n2 virus in 2003; thereafter, this and other lpais have been sporadically detected. in 2015, the outbreak of three novel h5nx viruses of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) emerged and devastated taiwanese chicken and waterfowl industries. the mechanism of variatio ...202032226416
Refresh
firstprev
123456
nextlast
Displaying items 501 - 550 of 550