Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| prevalence of hong kong (h3n2) influenza virus-antibody in swine. | 1985 | 2995716 | |
| an improved membrane-filtration enzyme immunoassay for the rapid serological diagnosis of viral infections. | a one-step modification of the membrane-filtration enzyme immunoassay (mf eia) (barnett et al., j. clin. microbiol., 23:385-399, 1987), for estimation of virus-specific antibody is described. the modified mf eia allowed serum, antigen and enzyme-conjugated anti-globulin to be incubated together in membrane-based 96-well plates to enable the formation of immune complexes in solution at 37 degrees c. the assay required only 45 min for completion and polyethylene glycol was shown to be an essential ... | 1988 | 3053742 |
| [identification of the hemagglutinating antigens of the influenza virus by immunoenzyme analysis]. | highly active test sera detecting the presence of virus antigen both in concentrated and purified preparations and in allantoic virus cultures directly adsorbed on the solid phase have been proposed for successful identification and detection of influenza a and b virus variants. after direct sorption of purified and concentrated virus preparations, the test sera to influenza a (h1n1, h2n2, h3n2) virus detect the virus antigen in a concentration of 8 ng/ml, test sera to influenza b virus in a con ... | 1988 | 3064428 |
| [isolation and characteristics of monoclonal antibodies to influenza virus types a and b]. | monoclonal antibodies (mca) to influenza type a (10f) and b (5h and 6h) viruses have been prepared. by immunoblotting method, mca 10f were found to be specific for np-protein of influenza a virus, and mca 5h and 6h to be specific for hemagglutinin of influenza b virus. it was established that the 10f clone interacted with all the investigated influenza a virus strains with different antigenic formulae (h1n1, h2n2, h3n2) and could be used for typing of this virus type. clones 5h and 6h react spec ... | 1988 | 3064429 |
| susceptibility to virus infection with exposure to nitrogen dioxide. | the interaction between nitrogen dioxide (no2) exposure and human susceptibility to respiratory virus infection was investigated in a placebo-controlled, randomized, blinded trial that was conducted in an environmentally controlled research chamber over a three-year period. healthy, non-smoking volunteers, 18 to 35 years old, who were seronegative to influenza a/korea/82 (h3n2) virus, were randomly assigned either to breathe filtered clean air (clean air group) or nitrogen dioxide (exposure grou ... | 1988 | 3077322 |
| [effect of influenza virus infection on arachidonic acid cascade in mouse thrombocytes]. | prostaglandins (pgs) are essential for many physiological and pathological processes. as they are not stored in tissue, their presence and actions therefore result from de novo synthesis and release. although platelets themselves appear to have the ability to synthesize txa2, pgd2, arachidonic acid may also be metabolized in the lipoxygenase pathway in platelets, producing 12-hydroperoxy/12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-hpete/12-hete). cflp mice were infected intranasally with a/h3 ... | 1986 | 3094271 |
| murine th response to influenza virus: recognition of hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, matrix, and nucleoproteins. | balb/c mice were primed with type a influenza virus by footpad injection or by aerosol infection with pr8 [a/pr/8/34-(h1n1)]. isolated t cells from draining lymph nodes were then tested for their proliferation in the presence of purified viral proteins hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, matrix, and nucleoprotein. significant responses [( 3h]thymidine incorporation) were seen against each of the four proteins after either priming scheme. when helper t (th) cell clones were isolated by hybridoma format ... | 1985 | 3155776 |
| antigenic and biochemical analysis of influenza "a" h3n2 viruses isolated from pigs. | four influenza a-h3n2 viruses isolated in pigs from different herds in central italy in the period 1981/82 have been antigenically and biochemically analysed. three of them a/sw/italy/2/81, a/sw/italy/7/81, a/sw/italy/8/82 were found to be serologically related to a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2). these three viruses were shown to have an identical electrophoretic pattern, as regards virus induced polypeptides and were clearly distinguishable from the virus a/sw/italy/6/81 which was antigenically related t ... | 1985 | 3155941 |
| [design of a recombinant strain of the vaccinia virus containing an expressible gene for influenza a virus hemagglutinin]. | a recombinant vaccinia virus (vv) strain containing a cloned gene of influenza a/udorn/307/72 (h3n2) hemagglutinin (ha) gene has been produced. ha expression in cv-1 cells infected with the recombinant virus was determined by enzyme immunoassay. the influenza virus ha titer was 1:64-1:128. when rabbits were inoculated intravenously with the recombinant vav, antibody titres were 1:5120. the recombinant vav preparation may be used for generation of monospecific antibody to influenza virus. | 1988 | 3176425 |
| analysis of virus and host factors in a study of a/peking/2/79 (h3n2) cold-adapted vaccine recombinant in which vaccine-associated illness occurred in normal volunteers. | live attenuated cold-adapted influenza vaccine is undergoing evaluation in man. several strains have proven to be safe, immunogenic, nontransmissible, and protective against experimental challenge. in this study of a/peking/2/79(h3n2), with six internal genes from the cold-adapted (ca) parent a/ann arbor/6/60(h2n2), we encountered at the highest input multiplicity, 28% illness rate among individuals infected with vaccine. reversion to wild type and excessive viral replication did not occur. phys ... | 1988 | 3183640 |
| the carbohydrate chains of influenza virus hemagglutinin. | the major surface antigen of influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2), h3 hemagglutinin, as well as its heavy and light subunits were obtained by bromelain treatment, followed by gel chromatography. carbohydrate chains were split off from both subunits by lithium borohydride-lithium hydroxide in aqueous 2-methyl-2-propanol, and individual oligosaccharides isolated. the main oligosaccharides, whose structure was determined by 1h-n.m.r. spectroscopy and chemical methods, are of the ordinary oligo ... | 1988 | 3191507 |
| epidemiologic features of influenza in a large urban centre (b.) in romania, in 1987. | the study presents the peculiarities of influenza evolution in 1987 in a large town in romania. these features were defined by a complex methodology, based on clinical, epidemiologic and laboratory investigations, used in the active control of the epidemiologic process kinetics. the influenza viruses type a (h1n1 and h3n2) had a major role in the infecting and immunizing contacts in all age groups whereas the influenza virus type b had a reduced circulation. the epidemiologic influenza impact in ... | 1988 | 3195054 |
| comparison of live, attenuated h1n1 and h3n2 cold-adapted and avian-human influenza a reassortant viruses and inactivated virus vaccine in adults. | the infectivity, immunogenicity, and efficacy of live, attenuated influenza a/texas/1/85 (h1n1) and a/bethesda/1/85 (h3n2) avian-human (ah) and cold-adapted (ca) reassortant vaccines were compared in 252 seronegative adult volunteers. the immunogenicity and efficacy of the h1n1 reassortant vaccine were also compared with those of the trivalent inactivated virus vaccine. each reassortant vaccine was satisfactorily attenuated. the 50% human infectious dose was 10(4.9) for ca h1n1, 10(5.4) for ah h ... | 1988 | 3198936 |
| surveillance of influenza a and b viruses in italy between 1984 and 1987. | antigenically heterogeneous strains and new variants of influenza a viruses, both a (h3n2) and (h1n1) subtypes, as well as influenza b strains were detected in italy in a period, between 1984-1987, characterized by a moderate degree of influenza activity. each year the evaluation, by srh technique, of antibodies, in the population, to currently circulating viruses, has confirmed the extent of infection and often the prevalent virus. | 1988 | 3203724 |
| [genetic basis of influenza virus virulence: gene composition and virulence of reassortants between mouse-adapted and nonadapted strains from different subtypes]. | reassortment analysis of the pneumovirulence for mice marker of influenza virus has been performed. the original a/ussr/90/77 (h1h1) influenza virus strain or its mouse-adapted variant were crossed with a variant of a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) influenza virus highly virulent for mice. the reassortant having ha gene of the original a/ussr/90/77 virus and the other genes of the highly virulent a/aichi/2/68 strain was avirulent for mice, whereas a similar reassortant possessing ha gene of the mouse-adapted ... | 1988 | 3211186 |
| a study of intranasally administered interferon a (rifn-alpha 2a) for the seasonal prophylaxis of natural viral infections of the upper respiratory tract in healthy volunteers. | the efficacy of interferon a (rifn-alpha 2a), an escherichia coli-derived interferon, in the prophylaxis of acute upper respiratory tract infection, was evaluated in a community-based double-blind placebo-controlled study in the australian winter of 1985. the trial population of 412 healthy volunteers (190 males and 222 females, aged 18-65 years) self-administered 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 megaunits (mu) of interferon a per day or a placebo, intranasally for 28 days. the period of study coincided with an ... | 1988 | 3215290 |
| immunostimulating agents against influenza virus infection in senescent rats. | this study investigated the nonspecific immunomodulatory effects of bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg), muramyl dipeptide (mdp) and ascorbic acid (vitamin c) on virus infection of the respiratory tract in fischer-344 rats. groups of young adult (12-16 months old) and aged (24-30 months old) rats were given bcg or mdp intranasally or vitamin c orally 6 weeks and again 3 days before an intranasal challenge with influenza virus a/bangkok/h3n2 (10(6) 50% eid). titers of hemagglutinin in lung homogenates ... | 1988 | 3228058 |
| prophylactic use of amantadine in a boarding school outbreak of influenza a. | amantadine was used in a boarding school to control an outbreak of influenza a h3n2. of 859 pupils 79% took amantadine and almost all of them completed the course (100 mg per day for 15 days). while amantadine was being taken the number of clinical cases of influenza was considerably fewer than that predicted on the basis of previous outbreaks of influenza a at the school. however, during the month following the course of amantadine, the outbreak continued with many clinical cases confirmed by v ... | 1988 | 3256644 |
| antigenic heterogeneity within influenza a (h3n2) virus strains. | on the basis of their antigenic properties, influenza virus strains are classified into types and subtypes, which are further subdivided into variants that differ to various degrees in haemagglutination-inhibition assays. evidence is presented that during infection with an influenza a(h3n2) virus the respiratory tract of a human patient often harbours more than one antigenic virus variant. these variants are frequently propagated by embryonated fowl eggs and monkey cells with different efficienc ... | 1988 | 3260141 |
| genetic basis of resistance to rimantadine emerging during treatment of influenza virus infection. | the emergence of influenza a viruses which had acquired resistance to rimantadine during a clinical trial (c. b. hall, r. dolin, c. l. gala, d. m. markovitz, y. q. zhang, p. h. madore, f. a. disney, w. b. talpey, j. l. green, a. b. francis, and m. e. pichichero, pediatrics 80:275-282, 1987) provided the opportunity to determine the genetic basis of this phenomenon. analysis of reassortant viruses generated with a resistant clinical isolate (h3n2) and the susceptible influenza a/singapore/57 (h2n ... | 1988 | 3282079 |
| [analysis of the potentials of molecular hybridization of nucleic acids as a method of the laboratory diagnosis of influenza]. | the possibilities of using the dna copies of different genes of influenza a virus for the detection of virus-specific rna by molecular dot hybridization have been studied. high specificity and sensitivity of the rna determination techniques have been demonstrated, as well as the efficacy of using dna probes with the sequences of conservative genes (polymerase, nucleoprotein and matrix genes) for the detection of influenza a virus subtypes h1n1, h2n2, h3n2 and probes with the copies of the corres ... | 1988 | 3291499 |
| a new concept of the epidemic process of influenza a virus. | influenza a virus was discovered in 1933, and since then four major variants have caused all the epidemics of human influenza a. each had an era of solo world prevalence until 1977 as follows: h0n1 (old style) strains until 1946, h1n1 (old style) strains until 1957, h2n2 strains until 1968, then h3n2 strains, which were joined in 1977 by a renewed prevalence of h1n1 (old style) strains. serological studies show that h2n2 strains probably had had a previous era of world prevalence during the last ... | 1987 | 3301379 |
| children with influenza a infection: treatment with rimantadine. | treatment with rimantadine of influenza in children and the potential development of resistance in clinical isolates associated with therapy have not been previously studied. we compared rimantadine to acetaminophen therapy in a controlled, double-blind study of 91 children with influenza-like illness. of 69 children with proven influenza a/h3n2 infection, 37 received rimantadine and 32 received acetaminophen for five days. children receiving rimantadine showed significantly greater reduction in ... | 1987 | 3302925 |
| [the circulation of influenza virus in human communities subjected to the action of noxious chemical substances]. | investigations were conducted during 1985 and 1986 years on the effect of some noxious chemicals on the influenza virus circulation in an industrial enterprise community. the presence of influenza virus type a (h1n1), a (h3n2) and b was revealed by immunofluorescence in exfoliated cells collected from nasopharynx. the kinetic of type specific hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies was followed monthly. chick embryos were used to isolate influenza virus strains. meaning of the results is discusse ... | 1987 | 3310379 |
| sequential infection or immunization of ferrets with a series of influenza a (h3n2) strains (report to the medical research council's sub-committee on influenza vaccines (cdvip/iv)). | previous studies of boys at christ's hospital school have indicated that annual immunization with influenza virus vaccines did not significantly reduce the total incidence of influenza infection compared to unimmunized subjects. in view of the implications of this result, a similar study was conducted in ferrets to clarify these findings. groups of ferrets were immunized or infected with a series of influenza a (h3n2) viruses over an 18-month period, and the immunity to subsequent live virus cha ... | 1987 | 3315713 |
| [virological studies in fatal outcomes in influenza and its complications in adults during the period of influenza a (h3n2) virus circulation from 1969 to 1983]. | in the period of circulation of influenza a (h3n2) virus, 1969-1983, we examined virologically the autopsy specimens from 69 adults who died of influenza and its complications. immunofluorescence examinations of organ impressions and infected cultures as well as virus isolations were used for postmortem laboratory diagnosis. influenza viruses were isolated postmortem in all age groups, predominantly in older subjects (over 60), both in cases of early and late (after 7 days) deaths. the viruses w ... | 1987 | 3324479 |
| four viral genes independently contribute to attenuation of live influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) cold-adapted reassortant virus vaccines. | clinical studies previously demonstrated that live influenza a virus vaccines derived by genetic reassortment from the mating of influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) cold-adapted (ca) donor virus with epidemic wild-type influenza a viruses are reproducibly safe, infectious, immunogenic, and efficacious in the prevention of illness caused by challenge with virulent wild-type virus. these influenza a reassortant virus vaccines also express the ca and temperature sensitivity (ts) phenotypes in vitro, ... | 1988 | 3336068 |
| origin of the hemagglutinin gene of h3n2 influenza viruses from pigs in china. | influenza viruses of the h3n2 subtype similar to aichi/2/68 and victoria/3/75 persist in pigs many years after their antigenic counterparts have disappeared from humans (shortridge et al. (1977). science 19, 1454-1455). to provide information on the mechanism of conservation of these influenza viruses in pigs, the hemagglutinin (ha) of four isolates from swine derived from taiwan and southern china were analyzed antigenically and genetically. the reactivity pattern of these viruses with a panel ... | 1988 | 3336940 |
| efficacy of sequential annual vaccination with inactivated influenza virus vaccine. | inactivated influenza virus vaccine efficacy after annual revaccination has been reported to be less than that after first vaccination in boarding school children. we prospectively examined the immunogenicity and efficacy of this vaccine in healthy 30- to 60-year-old volunteers in houston, texas, over two epidemic seasons (1983-1985) encompassing outbreaks due to influenza a (h3n2 and h1n1) and influenza b viruses. a placebo group that had never (or not in recent years) received inactivated infl ... | 1988 | 3337087 |
| immunization of elderly people with high doses of influenza vaccine. | healthy ambulatory elderly were immunized with increasing doses of the 1984-1985 influenza vaccine formulation. two types of vaccines, split-product vaccine (spv) and whole virus vaccine (wvv), were used. three different doses, 0.5 ml (the standard volume, 1x), or 1.0 ml (2x), and 1.5 ml (3x) of each of the two vaccines were compared. the size of each of the six groups was between 23 and 26 subjects. the mean ages in each of the groups ranged from 71 to 74 years. no difference in local or system ... | 1988 | 3339228 |
| epidemiology of acute respiratory illness during an influenza outbreak in a nursing home. a prospective study. | we observed an influenza epidemic caused by influenza a/arizona/82 (h3n2) in a nursing home during 1982 to 1983. a survey indicated that 59% of the residents were immunized before the outbreak. the outbreak was observed to begin in november, peak in february, and disappear in april. a significant level of herd immunity may have accounted for the slow progression through the nursing home. in addition, serologic evidence of concurrent infection with respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus ... | 1988 | 3341856 |
| influenza virus infection of tracheal gland cells in culture. | influenza virus-induced tracheobronchitis causes limited epithelial deciliation but markedly decreased mucociliary transport. this suggests that virus-induced alterations in airway mucus play a role in decreased mucociliary transport. airway submucosal glands are a primary source of mucus. therefore, we examined virus-gland cell interactions by exposing primary cultures of isolated feline tracheal gland cells to influenza a/scotland/840/74 h3n2 virus for 1 h at a multiplicity of infection of 0.1 ... | 1988 | 3357204 |
| host cell-mediated selection of influenza a (h3n2) virus variant subpopulations: lack of association between antigenic and receptor-binding properties. | during the outbreak of influenza due to a (h3n3) viruses in finland in 1985/6 virus pairs were isolated from the same clinical specimens in embryonated hens' eggs (ce) and in canine kidney cell cultures (mdck). some of these isolates, the e and m pairs, were distinguished by their reactions in haemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests carried out using polyclonal antisera, and by receptor-binding properties, as evidenced by differences in their elution activity from erythrocytes. passage of the e- ... | 1988 | 3378587 |
| antibody responses of swine to type a influenza viruses during the past ten years in japan. | a total of 6346 swine sera collected at an abattoir in the city of obihiro, hokkaido during the years 1978-87 were tested for the presence of antibodies to swine and human influenza viruses. a high incidence of antibody to a/new jersey/8/76 (swine type h1n1) virus was observed throughout the 10 years except for the occasional month and a single long period of 15 months. antibodies to human h3n2 virus in swine appeared to be related to the epidemics of human influenza which occurred in the study ... | 1988 | 3378588 |
| local and systemic antibody responses in high-risk adults given live-attenuated and inactivated influenza a virus vaccines. | forty seropositive older adults with chronic diseases were vaccinated intranasally with either influenza a/california/10/78 (h1n1) (cr37) or influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) (cr48) virus. no clinically significant decrements in pulmonary function occurred postvaccination. eight (62%) recipients of cr37 virus and 16 (59%) recipients of cr48 virus became infected with vaccine virus, as indicated by a fourfold rise in nasal wash immunoglobulin g (igg) or iga antibody titer, a fourfold rise in s ... | 1988 | 3384914 |
| antigenic and structural characterization of multiple subpopulations of h3n2 influenza virus from an individual. | influenza viruses grown in embryonated chicken eggs frequently possess antigenically distinguishable hemagglutinin (ha) compared to virus from the same source grown in mammalian cell culture. to further investigate the extent of variation among viruses from an individual, viruses were isolated from throat washes collected over a 48-hr period during infection with influenza virus designated a/mem/6/86 (h3n2). viruses were isolated from limit dilutions in eggs and mammalian madin-darby canine kidn ... | 1988 | 3407150 |
| characterization of envelope antigens of influenza a (h3n2) virus isolated during 1983-1985 epidemics and from sporadic cases of infection. | ten strains of influenza a (h3n2) virus isolated from an outbreak in 1983, and ten strains isolated in 1985 from sporadic cases of infection were included in the study. for characterization of envelope antigens were used the polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies tested in the reaction of haemagglutinin inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition, and by lectin test. the strains but slightly different in the tests with polyclonal antibodies could clearly be classified to 3-4 groups using 5 monoclonal ant ... | 1988 | 3411119 |
| human influenza viral neuraminidases augment cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. | previously, we reported that influenza virus-induced cell-mediated cytotoxicity (cmc) was largely due to its glycoproteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (na). these observations were based on the use of a single influenza virus strain, the a/port chalmers/3/73 (h3n2), and these were considered insufficient to generalize that all human influenza virus nas augment cmc. therefore, antigenically different nas of human influenza strains were used to study whether (a) all nas possess the potential ... | 1988 | 3412358 |
| comparative activities of several nucleoside analogs against influenza a, b, and c viruses in vitro. | a set of 20 nucleoside analogs were examined for their inhibitory effects on the cytopathogenicity and growth of influenza virus type a, b, and c strains in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. among the compounds evaluated, pyrazofurin, 3-deazaguanine, ribavirin, carbodine, and cyclopentenyl cytosine inhibited viral cytopathogenicity at concentrations that were lower than those found cytotoxic for the mdck cells. no differences were observed in the 50% effective doses (based on inhibition of ... | 1988 | 3415210 |
| an outbreak of influenza a (h3n2) in a hospital for the elderly with emphasis on pulmonary complications. | from dec 1, 1985 to jan 18, 1986, 133 of 379 (35.1%) mainly elderly in-patients at a hospital in fukuoka city were infected with influenza virus a (h3n2). in 32 of the 133 (24.1%) infected with the virus, pneumonia occurred. the occurrence was significantly higher in man (33.1%) than in women (17.1%) (p less than 0.05), and the same occurrence was found to be higher in bed-ridden patients (32.7%) than in ambulatory patients (17.3%) (p less than 0.05). it was also higher in those age 70 or older ... | 1988 | 3418982 |
| [primary structure of the full-size dna copy of the influenza virus a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1) pb1 gene protein]. | nucleotide sequence of the a/kiev/59/79 influenza virus pb1 gene is reported, thus completing the full-genome primary structure of the recombinant between the virus and laboratory strain a/pr/8/34. the parental strain a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1) is, in turn, shown to be a natural reassortant inheriting its genes of polymerase complex (pb1, pb2, np and, in all probability, pa) from contemporary h3n2 influenza virus strains. | 1987 | 3426639 |
| egg-grown and tissue-culture-grown variants of influenza a (h3n2) virus with special attention to their use as antigens in seroepidemiology. | a field strain of influenza a (h3n2) virus isolated in embryonated eggs during the 1984-5 influenza outbreak (a/finland/13/85e) was compared in an antigenic analysis with virus from the same clinical specimen isolated in mdck cell cultures (a/finland/13/85m). the m-virus appeared to be more sensitive to haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against heterologous viruses than did the e-virus. the results of propagation and plaque purification experiments support the hypothesis that a single clin ... | 1987 | 3428377 |
| vaccination activity of live influenza vaccine in different seasons of the year. | reactogenicity, immunogenicity and viability of the vaccine virus were studied during vaccination of adults with live allantoic influenza vaccines of the types a (h1n1), a (h3n2) and b in different seasons of the year. seasonal oscillations of reactogenicity of the vaccines (minimum in summer, maximum in winter) were demonstrated. a decrease in the re-isolation rate of vaccine viruses and in their content in the secretions of the upper respiratory passages was observed in summer. seasonal oscill ... | 1987 | 3429857 |
| [evaluation of the potential use of inactivated influenza centrifuged vaccines with various hemagglutinin levels for immunizing schoolchildren]. | the safety, reactogenic properties and immunogenic potency of inactivated influenza centrifuged vaccines with different hemagglutinin content were studied in observations on children aged 11-15 and 7-10 years. according to the results of clinico-laboratory investigations, commercial influenza vaccine and its variant with hemagglutinin content reduced by half were found to be safe and showed faintly pronounced reactogenic properties in children. after vaccination hyperemia developed at the site o ... | 1987 | 3434050 |
| influenza a and b antibody status in tanzania. | sera from 200 babies and young children and from 205 mother-newborn pairs were tested for haemagglutination inhibiting antibody against three a-h1n1, one a-h2n2, four a-h3n2, and two influenza b viruses. the results indicated that a higher concentration of antibody against all influenza a and b viruses tested was found more frequently in maternal sera than in neonatal sera. high prevalences of antibody and high geometric mean titres against the a-h2n2-1957 and a-h3n2-1968 viruses from the eras 1 ... | 1987 | 3445328 |
| [effectiveness of annual booster inoculations against various influenza serotypes and the procedure for mass vaccination]. | the epidemiological observation during an outbreak of a (h3n2) influenza in february-march, 1983, showed that the third annual vaccination with killed influenza vaccine did not enhance the effectiveness of vaccinations in the populations under study. it was observed that 14 months after immunization, 55.9% of the subjects examined had antibody titres of 1:40 or higher to the a/bangkok/1/79 strain antigenically related to the vaccine strain, and 41% of the subjects of this group had antibodies to ... | 1987 | 3445582 |
| [genetic recombination between natural isolates of influenza virus serotypes h1n1 and h3n2]. | oligonucleotide mapping of individual genes was used for search of possible genetic recombinants between natural isolates of influenza h1n1 and h3n2 viruses isolated in the ussr in 1977-1979. no antigenic hybrids and recombinants with the antigenic structure h3n2 were found, however, it was shown that isolates of h1n1 viruses of 1979 (the a/ussr/61/79 strain) might represent genetic recombinants carrying genes p1 + p2 from h3n2 viruses, the m-gene of the ussr/61/79 virus being closest in its str ... | 1987 | 3445583 |
| bile immunoglobulin of the duck (anas platyrhynchos). ii. antibody response in influenza a virus infections. | the capacity of the igm-like bile immunoglobulin (igx) of the duck (anas platyrhynchos) to express antibody activity to h3n2 influenza a viruses, and the dependence of this activity on the co-existence of serum igm antibodies were investigated. ducklings infected orally and intranasally at 15-29 days of age with viruses isolated from different host species were examined for haemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibodies in biles and sera 16-29 days after infection (p.i.). all biles had antibodies ... | 1987 | 3451744 |
| purified influenza virus nucleoprotein protects mice from lethal infection. | local administration of nucleoprotein purified from x31 (h3n2) influenza a virus primed for a virus cross-reactive cytotoxic t cells and resulted in substantial protection (75%) of mice from a lethal challenge with the heterologous mouse-adapted a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) virus. by following the course of a lethal virus challenge we found that nucleoprotein priming did not prevent virus infection but rather aided recovery. nucleoprotein-primed mice suffered initial symptoms of infection, i.e. weight loss ... | 1987 | 3493324 |
| infectivity and reactogenicity of reassortant cold-adapted influenza a/korea/1/82 vaccines obtained from the usa and ussr. | the safety and immunogenicity of two live influenza a virus vaccine strains, the cr 59 and 17/25/1 cold-adapted (ca) reassortants, were evaluated in 170 healthy young adult volunteers. the vaccines were produced by recombining a/korea/1/82 (h3n2) wild-type virus with either a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) or a/leningrad/134/17/57 (h2n2) ca donors of attenuation. both vaccines were well tolerated in volunteers. the 17/25/1 strain, prepared from a/leningrad, infected at least 70% of seronegative volunteer ... | 1987 | 3499246 |
| [immunity of the populations of the ussr and east germany to reference strains of influenza viruses and the characteristics of a new antigenic variant of the virus]. | in 1985, a new epidemic variant of influenza virus, a/berlin/6/85 (h3n2) was isolated which differed antigenically from the reference a/philippines/2/82 virus. the results of the study of population immunity in adults and children of the ussr and gdr to these virus variants confirm the data on the continuing drift of virus a (h3n2). | 1987 | 3500544 |
| differential production of endogenous pyrogen by human peripheral blood leucocytes following interaction with h3n2 or h1n1 influenza viruses of differing virulence. | fever and other constitutional effects of influenza (headache, myalgia, listlessness, nausea, shivering, anorexia and depression) result from liberation of endogenous pyrogen (ep) from phagocytes. these effects are milder for recent h1n1 influenza virus isolates than for h3n2 strains. interaction with human peripheral blood leucocytes in vitro showed that h1n1 strains, a/ussr/90/77 and a/fiji/15899/83, elicited significantly less ep (as assessed by the rabbit pyrogen assay) than two virulent clo ... | 1987 | 3504218 |
| characterization of variable-region genes and shared crossreactive idiotypes of antibodies specific for antigens of various influenza viruses. | several syngeneic monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies were obtained against py206, a monoclonal antibody specific for x-31 (h3n2) influenza virus hemagglutinin. this idiotype was found in the sera of balb/c mice immunized with various influenza viruses. adsorption experiments indicated that the py206 id was borne by antibodies specific for viral hemagglutinin (ha) and/or neuraminidase (na). this idiotype was identified on other monoclonal antibodies specific for various influenza has (h3 and h1 ... | 1987 | 3509671 |
| effect of syngeneic anti-idiotypic antibody on influenza virus neuraminidase antibody response. | influenza viruses possess two major surface glycoproteins - hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na). py203, a monoclonal antibody (ab) specific for the neuraminidase of the pr8 (h1n1) influenza virus, was used to prepare syngeneic monoclonal anti-idiotypic (anti-id) abs. from a balb/c mouse immunized with py203 (anti-n1), we obtained rm1, a monoclonal anti-id ab. the py203-id was detected in a significant fraction of immunoglobulins (igs) in the primary and secondary responses elicited by pr8 ... | 1987 | 3509674 |
| human adenoid organ culture: a model to study the interaction of influenza a with human nasopharyngeal mucosa. | previous studies of infections with influenza a in animal models have stressed the tropism of this virus for the upper respiratory tract. to assess the interaction of influenza a virus with human respiratory tissue, we maintained adenoids, consisting of ciliated epithelium with underlying lymphoid follicles, in organ culture. when the organ cultures were inoculated with wild-type influenza a/alaska (h3n2), epithelial damage and migration of inflammatory cells from the follicles into the lamina p ... | 1986 | 3510261 |
| characterization and evaluation of monoclonal antibodies developed for typing influenza a and influenza b viruses. | monoclonal antibodies that are broadly reactive with influenza a or influenza b viruses were produced as stable reagents for typing influenza viruses. monoclonal antibodies to influenza a were specific for either matrix protein or nucleoprotein. the antibodies to influenza b were specific for nucleoprotein or hemagglutinin protein. in an enzyme immunoassay procedure, influenza a antibodies detected h1n1, h2n2, and h3n2 influenza a virus strains collected between 1934 and 1984. each of the influe ... | 1986 | 3517049 |
| oral rimantadine hydrochloride therapy of influenza a virus h3n2 subtype infection in adults. | in a randomized, double-blind trial involving patients with uncomplicated influenza a h3n2 subtype virus infection, rimantadine treatment (200 mg/day for 5 days) was associated with significant reductions in nasal secretion viral titers (days 2 through 4), maximal temperature (days 2 and 3), time until defervescence (mean, 37 h shorter), and systemic symptoms compared with placebo treatment. | 1986 | 3521480 |
| use of monoclonal antibodies for rapid detection of influenza a virus in nasopharyngeal secretions. | two monoclonal antibodies against influenza a virus were assessed for use as diagnostic reagents in an indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) of nasopharyngeal secretions. monoclonal antibody ia-52, directed at an internal antigen, reacted with all influenza a tested. the high stability of this epitope permitted its use in a rapid ifa test, which gave results comparable to those obtained with polyclonal antibodies and viral isolation. the second monoclonal antibody, ia-279 was directed at a sur ... | 1986 | 3527703 |
| prevention and treatment of experimental influenza a virus infection in volunteers with a new antiviral ici 130,685. | the initial prophylactic and therapeutic trials of ici 130,685 against influenza a virus infection are reported. prophylaxis with either 200 mg/day (38 volunteers received drug and 40 received placebo) or 100 mg/day (28 volunteers received drug and 28 received placebo) for seven days significantly reduced illness, mean clinical score and nasal secretion weight when volunteers were challenged with 10(4.1) eid50 of influenza virus a/eng/40/83 (h3n2). overall, prophylaxis with 200 mg/day and 100 mg ... | 1986 | 3531141 |
| safety of and serum antibody response to cold-recombinant influenza a and inactivated trivalent influenza virus vaccines in older adults with chronic diseases. | forty older adults with chronic diseases were vaccinated intranasally with either influenza a/california/10/78 (h1n1) (cr37) or influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) (cr48) virus. no clinically significant morbidity or decrement in pulmonary function occurred postvaccination. two (15%) recipients of cr37 virus and twelve (44%) recipients of cr48 virus became infected with vaccine virus, as indicated by a fourfold rise in serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer; a fourfold rise in serum i ... | 1986 | 3531226 |
| characterization of influenza virus neuraminidase with hemagglutinin activity and its comparison with that of viral neuraminidase. | the neuraminidase associated with the bifunctional protein, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase, of influenza virus has been characterized. the enzyme has a ph optimum of 4.5, does not require ca2+ and is inactivated (98%) by incubation at 50 degrees c. the enzyme has a km of 2.00 x 10(-3) m and 0.06 x 10(-3) m with the substrates 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-n-acetylneuraminic acid and fetuin, respectively. the ki is 400 x 10(-6) with the inhibitor 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid. the incorporation ... | 1986 | 3533157 |
| time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay with monoclonal antibodies for rapid diagnosis of influenza infections. | monoclonal antibodies that are broadly reactive with either influenza a or influenza b viruses were used to develop a 2- to 3-h antigen capture time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (tr fia) for detecting influenza viral antigens in both original nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens and in tissue cultures inoculated with nose or throat swab specimens. the lower limit of sensitivity of the assay was about 10 pg of protein as determined with purified influenza a nucleoprotein expressed by recombinant dna. ... | 1986 | 3537001 |
| a nonneutralizing human igm monoclonal antibody inhibiting hemagglutination of h3n2 influenza a strains. | a mouse-human hybridoma has been produced by fusing human splenocytes from a cooley's anemia patient with the murine myeloma p3-ns1/1-ag 4-1. the hybridoma is stable after 18 months and secretes human igm. the antibody reacts with some h3n2 influenza a strains and detects an epitope that is part of the hemagglutinin antigen, but does not affect virus infectivity. | 1986 | 3542806 |
| subtype-specific identification of influenza virus in cell cultures with fitc labelled egg yolk antibodies. | we report on results obtained with a direct immunofluorescence test for subtype-specific identification of influenza virus in detached cells of mdck cultures after inoculation of 281 clinical specimens from patients with influenza-like disease. influenza virus antibodies were produced in eggs from immunized hens and labelled with fitc. in 157 cases cpe was found in mdck cells. a total of 57 cases of influenza a (h3n2), 86 cases of influenza a (h1n1), and 14 cases of influenza b were identified. ... | 1987 | 3547056 |
| [sensitivity to influenza infection of x-ray-irradiated animals and the protective effect of a thymus extract]. | the a 2/romania 1/73 (h3n2) strain of influenza virus at the 15th passage on chick embryos was compared to the mouse adapted a0/pr8/34 (h0n1) strain, as regards pathogenicity for x-ray irradiated mice. irradiated mice showed a greater sensitivity to influenza infection than nonirradiated controls, irrespective of the strain used: hemagglutinating (ha) titers were constantly higher in the first group of animals. administration of a polypeptidic thymus extract to irradiated mice inoculated with th ... | 1986 | 3548032 |
| immunologic response to the influenza virus neuraminidase is influenced by prior experience with the associated viral hemagglutinin. i. studies in human vaccinees. | analysis of an earlier study of h3n2 and h7n2 inactivated influenza vaccines in schoolchildren demonstrated a greater viral neuraminidase (na) immunogenicity of the vaccine containing the h7 hemagglutinin (ha) antigen to which they had not been primed, despite the lesser na antigen content of that vaccine. thus, prior experience with the influenza viral ha appeared to have a negative influence on immune response to na, the associated external glycoprotein, presumably on the basis of intermolecul ... | 1987 | 3571981 |
| relative antigenicity in mice of h1n1, h3n2 and b strains present in inactivated influenza virus vaccines. | the results of a study on serum hai and neutralizing antibodies induced in mice by whole influenza virus vaccines containing a/brazil/11/78 (h1n1), a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) and b/singapore/222/79 viruses are reported. according to the gmt of hai, the antigenic potency of the three vaccine strains appear to be different. the a/brazil/11/78 antigen induced the lowest hai antibody responses and the a/bangkok/1/79 antigen the greatest. this behaviour, with a few exceptions, was noted regardless of the ... | 1987 | 3582601 |
| antigenic analysis of intraepidemic variants of influenza a (h3n2) viruses by hyperimmune rat antisera. | hyperimmune rat antisera prepared against 5 recent antigenic variants of influenza a (h3n2) viruses were studied for haemagglutination inhibiting (hi) antibodies to the homologous and the heterologous viruses. the ratios of homologous to heterologous reactions varied from one animal to another in immunizations with each of the immunogens. some antisera exhibited a ratio high enough to allow differentiation of the epidemic variants and demonstration of an intraepidemic heterogeneity of field stra ... | 1987 | 3584390 |
| [the 1985 influenza epidemic in a pediatric practice]. | because it is not possible to distinguish clinically influenza from other respiratory infections, virological methods have to be used to establish the influenza etiology. nasopharyngeal swabs from 202 children with respiratory symptoms were taken. influenza a virus (h3n2) was isolated from 44 children, influenza a virus (h1n1) from 61 children and influenza b virus from 13 children. the maximal activity of the two influenza a virus subtypes was different. the following features permitted the cla ... | 1987 | 3600670 |
| [significance of legionella pneumophila in human respiratory pathology]. | the etiological structure of acute pneumonia and acute respiratory diseases was studied with a view to establishing the proportion of l. pneumophila among other causative agents of such diseases. a total of 299 patients were examined over time. the etiological diagnosis based on the data of serological examination was made in 70.6% of the patients with acute pneumonia and in 65% of the patients with acute respiratory viral infections and influenza. in the etiology of pneumonia, the leading role ... | 1987 | 3604505 |
| [characteristics of the influenza type a (h3n2) epidemic in omsk in january 1985]. | the work presents the data obtained in analysis of the epidemic situation among the population of omsk in january-february 1985 and the characterization of the isolated strains of influenza a (h3n2) virus, determines the specific features of the course of the influenza epidemic process among different social and age groups, evaluates anti-influenza measures. | 1987 | 3604506 |
| the receptor-binding and membrane-fusion properties of influenza virus variants selected using anti-haemagglutinin monoclonal antibodies. | a monoclonal antibody raised against x-31 influenza virus reacted with the majority of natural h3n2 viruses isolated between 1968 and 1982. a number of variants of x-31 and of a receptor-binding mutant of x-31 were selected by the antibody during virus replication in eggs and mdck cells. antibody-binding assays indicated that the viruses selected were not antigenic variants and analyses using derivatized erythrocytes showed that their receptor-binding properties differed from those of the parent ... | 1987 | 3608984 |
| immunogenicity of a synthetic peptide corresponding to a portion of the heavy chain of h3n2 influenza virus haemagglutinin. | rabbits were immunized with a synthetic octadecapeptide corresponding to the sequence ser-91 to leu-108 of the haemagglutinin heavy chain of h3n2 influenza a viruses. they developed antibodies reactive in solid-phase radioimmunoassay (spria) with the peptide and with haemagglutinins of various h3n2 viruses but not of heterotypic h1n1 and h2n2 viruses. the antibodies were also non-reactive in the haemagglutination-inhibition or neutralization test. influenza h3n2 virus replicated in the lungs of ... | 1987 | 3612090 |
| molecular hybridization with dna-probes as a laboratory diagnostic test for influenza viruses. | the possibilities of using dna-copies of different influenza a virus genes cloned with recombinant bacterial plasmids for the detection of virus-specific rna by molecular dot-hybridization were analyzed. high specificity of rna identification has been demonstrated and it has been shown expedient to use dna-probes with high-conservative virus genes (polymerase, nucleoprotein, or matrix) for the detection of influenza a virus subtypes (h1n1, h2n2, h3n2) and probes with corresponding hemagglutinin ... | 1987 | 3617494 |
| immunologic response to influenza virus neuraminidase is influenced by prior experience with the associated viral hemagglutinin. ii. sequential infection of mice simulates human experience. | in man, vaccination with neuraminidase (na) in h7n2 virus hybrids elicits greater anti-na response than does n2 na in h3n2 conventional vaccine, presumably because humans are h3 hemagglutinin (ha) primed and anti-h3 anamnestic response depresses concomitant n2 responses by antigenic competition. in a laboratory model, balb/c mice were primed by different schedules of infection with h3n1, h3n2, and h3n7 viruses and given h3n2 and h7n2 vaccines equivalent in na immunogenicity. in schedules using s ... | 1987 | 3624874 |
| immunization of elderly people with two doses of influenza vaccine. | a total of 104 elderly patients were immunized with one or two doses of the commercial 1985-1986 inactivated influenza vaccine formulation. two types of vaccines (split virus [sv] vaccine and whole virus [wv] vaccine) and one or two doses 1 month apart were given. no difference in local or systemic reactions was noted among the four groups. the reciprocal geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers against influenza a/philippines/82 (h3n2) after one or two doses were: 78 for sv va ... | 1987 | 3654947 |
| the hemagglutinins of the human influenza viruses a and b recognize different receptor microdomains. | a cryptically i-active sialylglycoprotein (glycoprotein 2) isolated from bovine erythrocyte membranes as sendai virus receptor (suzuki, y., suzuki, t. and matsumoto, m. (1983) j. biochem. 93, 1621-1633) contains n-glycolylneuraminic acid (neugc) as its predominate sialic acid and exhibits poor receptor activity for a variety of influenza viruses. enzymatic modification of asialoglycoprotein-2 to contain n-acetylneuraminic acid (neuac) in the neuac alpha 2-3gal and neuac alpha 2-6gal sequences us ... | 1987 | 3663654 |
| seroepidemiologic study on influenza a (h1n1) virus infection among school children after an "antigenic shift" from a (h3n2) to a (h1n1) in kukuoka of southern japan in 1978. | 1987 | 3670940 | |
| [antibody formation in the blood and respiratory tract secretions following one-time and repeat immunization with an inactivated influenza vaccine]. | eighty nine volunteers were under study. they were immunized by inactivated vaccine from influenza viruses a(h1n1)+a(h3n2) one time or every year during 4 to 6 years. vaccine in dosage of 0.2 ml was applied intracutaneously. under detailed clinical study deflections of health were not over standard. accumulation of antibodies was determined to immunogens of the vaccine and to virus a/leningrad/x/83(h3n2), which was in epidemic circulation 3 years later. intensity of relative increase of antibodi ... | 1987 | 3673118 |
| [primary structure of the full-length dna copy of the influenza virus a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1) pb2 gene]. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a cloned full-length dna copy of the a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1) influenza virus pb2 gene has been determined. this strain is shown to be the natural reassortant which inherited its np and pb2 genes from the contemporary h3n2 influenza strains. | 1987 | 3675640 |
| [antigenic and biological characteristics of influenza virus a strains isolated in 1985]. | the antigenic structure of hemagglutinin of influenza a virus (h3n2) strains isolated in 1985 was studied using a series of monoclonal antibody to a/dunedin/4/73/a (h3n2) and a/bangkok/1/79/a (h3n2), and biological and physico-chemical properties of these strains were compared with those of influenza a (h3n2) virus of 1983 and reference a (h3n2) of 1979-1984 (the rate of adsorption on chick erythrocytes and eluting activity, thermostability of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, sensitivity to noni ... | 1987 | 3686980 |
| [structural characteristics of a population of antigenic variants of the influenza a(h3n2) virus]. | the data have been obtained indicating that clone distribution by the antigen avidity in the population of influenza a (h3n2) virus corresponds to normal distribution. the degree of avidity of individual strains is determined by the predominant content of clones with high or low avidity. virus purification by ultracentrifugation in sucrose density gradient results in increasing the avidity of the preparation as compared with the original allantoic cultures. defective virions may differ in avidit ... | 1987 | 3686981 |
| [genetic variability of epidemic strains of influenza virus serotypes h1n1 and h3n2 during antigenic drift]. | data are presented on structural variability of individual genes of selected variants of epidemic influenza viruses h1n1 (1977-1979) and h3n2 (1968-1979) in the course of antigenic drift obtained by oligonucleotide mapping. six out of 8 genes of h1n1 viruses were found to be more variable than the corresponding genes of h3n2 viruses. only ha and ns genes of h3n2 viruses underwent greater structural changes as compared with the analogous genes of h1n1 viruses. in viruses of both serotypes, most v ... | 1987 | 3686982 |
| development and persistence of local and systemic antibody responses in adults given live attenuated or inactivated influenza a virus vaccine. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure nasal-wash and serum isotype-specific hemagglutinin antibody responses in 109 seronegative (hemagglutination-inhibiting titer less than or equal to 1:8) adults vaccinated intranasally with live attenuated a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) or a/california/10/78 (h1n1) cold-adapted (ca) virus or with licensed subvirion vaccine subcutaneously. live and inactivated virus elicited serum immunoglobulin a (iga) responses in 83 and 96% of vaccinees, resp ... | 1986 | 3700610 |
| resistance of adults to challenge with influenza a wild-type virus after receiving live or inactivated virus vaccine. | the efficacy of live attenuated cold-adapted (ca) reassortant influenza a h3n2 and h1n1 virus vaccines against experimental challenge with homologous wild-type virus 7 months after vaccination was compared with that of licensed inactivated virus vaccine in 106 seronegative (hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titer less than or equal to 1:8) college students. the live attenuated virus vaccines induced as much resistance against illness as did the inactivated vaccine. vaccine efficacy, measured ... | 1986 | 3700611 |
| newcastle disease virus and two influenza viruses: differing effects of acid and temperature on the uptake of infectious virus into bovine and canine kidney cell lines. | the entry of 2 influenza viruses was compared to the entry of the ulster strain of newcastle disease virus (ndv) by measuring the escape rate of preadsorbed virus from neutralization using a microwell assay. the 2-minute entry of ulster into madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells increased exponentially over the temperature range for fusion of 30-37 degrees c and was prevented by ph 4.6 which corresponded to the ph within endosomes. the 2-hour entry of both influenza viruses into mdbk cells incr ... | 1986 | 3707356 |
| evaluation of live avian-human reassortant influenza a h3n2 and h1n1 virus vaccines in seronegative adult volunteers. | an avian-human reassortant influenza a virus deriving its genes coding for the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from the human influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) virus and its six "internal" genes from the avian influenza a/mallard/ny/6750/78 (h2n2) virus (i.e., a six-gene reassortant) was previously shown to be safe, infectious, nontransmissible, and immunogenic as a live virus vaccine in adult humans. two additional six-gene avian-human reassortant influenza viruses derived from the mating of ... | 1986 | 3711273 |
| immunity to influenza a virus infection in young children: a comparison of natural infection, live cold-adapted vaccine, and inactivated vaccine. | live attenuated, cold-adapted (ca) influenza a vaccines administered intranasally have been well characterized as safe and immunogenic, but comparative data on protective efficacy are required for further development. in this study, 59 young children were divided into the following four groups based on prior exposure to influenza a (h3n2) virus: natural infection, live ca vaccine given intranasally, inactivated vaccine given im, and no previous exposure. virus challenge with homologous live ca v ... | 1986 | 3711685 |
| risk factors for outbreaks of influenza in nursing homes. a case-control study. | to determine risk factors for outbreaks of influenza virus infections in chronic-care facilities for the elderly, the authors compared the characteristics of two groups of nursing homes in genesee county, michigan, in 1982-1983, following a community-wide epidemic caused by a/bangkok/1/79-like (h3n2) viruses: seven homes in which an outbreak occurred (case homes) and six homes with sporadic illnesses only (control homes). the two groups were similar in many respects, including the physical chara ... | 1986 | 3717133 |
| serum and nasal wash antibodies associated with resistance to experimental challenge with influenza a wild-type virus. | to identify immunological predictors of resistance to influenza a infection and illness, the immunological status of live and inactivated virus vaccines subsequently challenged with h1n1 or h3n2 wild-type virus was examined. we refer to prechallenge antibodies of vaccinees receiving live attenuated virus as infection induced and those receiving inactivated virus as inactivated vaccine induced. inactivated vaccine-induced protection against wild-type virus infection or illness correlated with the ... | 1986 | 3722363 |
| evaluation of avian-human reassortant influenza a/washington/897/80 x a/pintail/119/79 virus in monkeys and adult volunteers. | a reassortant influenza a virus was produced by mating an avian influenza a/pintail/alberta/119/79 (h4n6) virus with wild-type human influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) virus. the avian-human influenza a reassortant virus contained the genes coding for the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface antigens of the human influenza wild-type virus and the six other rna segments (internal genes) of the avian influenza a virus donor. in the lower respiratory tract of squirrel monkeys, this avian-human ... | 1986 | 3722365 |
| immunogenicity of a single dose of trivalent influenza vaccine including a/philippines (h3n2): results of a field trial. | during 1982, a new a(h3n2) influenza virus subtype, a/philippines/2/82, was identified, and this strain was combined with previous a(h1n1) and b influenza virus strains in the trivalent inactivated vaccine recommended for the 1983-1984 influenza season. prior to the widescale use of this vaccine in israel, a group of 106 young male soldiers was vaccinated under controlled conditions. before vaccination, antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:40 were found in 14.1% against a/philippines (h3n2 ... | 1986 | 3723117 |
| primary structure of influenza virus genome regions coding for polypeptides from the major antigenic sites of h3 hemagglutinin. | nucleotide sequences for some regions of the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2) were analyzed. a double-stranded complementary dna was synthesized on the influenza genome rna in the presence of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides a gcaaaagcagg and a gtagaaacaag and inserted into the pst i-site of the pbr322 plasmid through g-c-tailing. nucleotide sequences were determined by a solid phase modification of the maxam and gilbert procedure. a comparison of our data ... | 1986 | 3727394 |
| [adsorbed subunit influenza vaccine: its isolation and characteristics]. | experimental batches of adsorbed subunit influenza vaccine were prepared from the envelope of glycoprotein antigens separated from the influenza virion by treatment with a cationic detergent (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide). purified and concentrated influenza virus strains a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) were obtained by gradient centrifugation; additional purification, with a view to removing ovalbumin and structural components of the chorioallantoic membrane, was achieved by gelfiltration. the compositio ... | 1986 | 3727396 |
| value of serological tests in the diagnosis of viral acute respiratory infections in adults. | the dynamics of the antibody response to influenza viruses a (h1n1), a (h3n2) and b, to parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, to adenoviruses and respiratory syncytial virus was studied in paired serum samples collected from 110 patients hospitalized with acute respiratory infections (ari) and in 40 patients suffering from other diseases. rises in serum antibody titers to 1--5 of the above mentioned antigens were detected in many of the patients of both groups. the fact is most likely due to the presen ... | 1986 | 3727398 |
| immunoglobulin g, a and m response to influenza vaccination in different age groups: effects of priming and boosting. | fifty volunteers, treated with an inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine containing a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2), a/brazil/11/78 (h1n1) and b/singapore/222/79 virus, were subdivided according to the estimated first exposure to influenza in their lifetime (priming) and the presence of antibodies against the vaccine components in the pre-vaccination sera. the isotypic antibody response (igg, iga, igm) was determined by means of an antibody capture haemadsorption immunosorbent technique. for all three va ... | 1986 | 3734434 |
| comparison by studies in squirrel monkeys, chimpanzees, and adult humans of avian-human influenza a virus reassortants derived from different avian influenza virus donors. | we evaluated the abilities of three different avian influenza a viruses to attenuate the wild-type human influenza a/korea/1/82 (h3n2) virus in squirrel monkeys, chimpanzees, and adult seronegative human volunteers. two of these, avian influenza a/mallard/ny/78 and a/mallard/alberta/76 viruses, appeared to be satisfactory donors of attenuating genes for the production of live influenza a reassortant virus vaccines for human use because the reassortants exhibited an acceptable balance between att ... | 1986 | 3760140 |
| [reproductive activity of the influenza a virus in the splenocytes of experimental animals with mono- and mixed infections]. | virus-induced processes in organs and tissues of syrian hamsters in relation to the influenza a virus strain used (hon1 or h3n2), age of the animals, and in the presence of mixed infection were compared. the infection of young hamsters with a/pr8/34 and a/bangkok/1/79 viruses was shown to induce the synthesis of viral proteins np and m in spleen cells lasting for up to 15 days (the observation period). in mixed influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection the possibility of influenza viru ... | 1986 | 3765566 |
| molecular studies of the differential replication at pyrexial temperatures of two influenza viruses differing in virulence for ferrets. | replication of a virulent clone (7a) of the reassortant influenza virus a/puerto rico/8/34-a/england/939/69 (h3n2) in ferret nasal turbinate tissue is less affected than that of an attenuated clone (64d) by temperatures which occur during pyrexia in ferrets. this is a factor which contributes to the difference in virulence of the two clones. the differential replication of the two clones at pyrexial temperatures has been reproduced in allantois-on-shell (egg-bit) cultures, and the synthesis of v ... | 1986 | 3765825 |
| ultrastructure and some biological properties of influenza a virus. i. alterations in the activity of surface antigens of influenza a virus by enzymes and infectious activity of such changed viruses. | strain of a/zsrr/053/74 (h3n2) virus was subjected to the action of enzymes. treatment of the virus with soluble trypsin and trypsin bound to a carrier for different periods of time resulted in decreased neuraminidase activity and infectivity, however, hemagglutinin activity was preserved. after treatment pickled with soluble bromelain, virions of decreased hemagglutinin amount but preserved neuraminidase activity, were obtained. this was accompanied by a slight fall in the infectivity. bromelin ... | 1986 | 3778115 |