Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| oncogenicity by adenovirus is not determined by the transforming region only. | we have constructed a nondefective recombinant virus between the nononcogenic adenovirus 5 (ad5) and the highly oncogenic ad12. the recombinant genome consists essentially of ad5 sequences, with the exception of the transforming early region 1 (e1) which is derived from ad12. hela cells infected with the recombinant virus were shown to contain the ad12-specific e1 proteins of 41 kilodaltons (e1a) and 19 and 54 kilodaltons (both encoded by e1b). the recombinant virus replicated efficiently in hum ... | 1984 | 6328015 |
| protein synthesis in cells infected by murine hepatitis viruses jhm and a59: tryptic peptide analysis. | the structural and intracellular proteins of the murine hepatitis viruses mhv-jhm and mhv-a59 were studied by tryptic peptide mapping. the results demonstrated that the virions contained three distinct proteins: the two related chains of the e2 complex, the nucleocapsid protein and the heterogeneous e1 complex. five distinct virus-specific proteins were synthesized by infected cells. three of the five intracellular proteins contained tryptic-peptides with properties similar to the three structur ... | 1984 | 6329143 |
| reversible restriction of vesicular stomatitis virus in permissive cells treated with inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis. | indomethacin, a potent nonsteroidal inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase (cyclooxygenase) reduced yields of infectious vesicular stomatitis virus in hep-2 cells more than 99% if added to cultures at levels of 10(-3)m either before or after infection. other permissive cell lines differed according to the treatment period and drug level required for restricting productive infections. the inhibitory effect of indomethacin was progressively reduced if infection of cells was delayed for increasing t ... | 1984 | 6330977 |
| virus transport and survival after land application of sewage sludge. | the survival and transport patterns of poliovirus 1 and echovirus 1 were studied in undisturbed soil cores which were treated with digested sludge and exposed to natural weather conditions prevailing in north central florida. it was shown that, under those experimental conditions, enteroviruses are relatively rapidly inactivated in the soil. a more rapid virus decline was observed during the warm and dry fall season than during the warm and wet summer season. the monitoring of soil core leachate ... | 1984 | 6331308 |
| effect of hepatitis a virus infection on cell metabolism in vitro. | hepatitis a virus (hav), when inoculated into cultures of the plc/prf/5 cell line which produces the surface antigen of hepatitis b virus (hbsag), showed growth characteristics different from those of other picornaviruses. antigen of hav (haag) is expressed only about 10 days after infection. no major impact on the overall macromolecular biosynthesis of the host cells is observed. the growth rate of hav-infected and uninfected cells was comparable, although the plating efficiency of infected cel ... | 1984 | 6364147 |
| envelope proteins of semliki forest virus synthesized in xenopus oocytes are transported to the cell surface. | the mrna coding for the structural proteins of semliki forest virus, the 26s rna, was injected into xenopus oocytes. synthesis of the capsid protein and the three envelope glycoproteins e1, e2 and e2 was observed. the proteins, which are normally incorporated into the plasma membrane of infected cells, are transported to the surface of the oocytes. the transport of the membrane proteins takes place in the presence of tunicamycin. the results show that the proteins foreign to the oocyte reach the ... | 1984 | 6373249 |
| detection of semliki forest virus in cell culture by use of an enzyme immunoassay with peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibodies specific for glycoproteins e1 and e2. | four noncompeting monoclonal antibodies (ma) directed against either the e1 (um 8.64 and 8.139) or e2 (um 8.55 and 8.73) glycoprotein of semliki forest virus were purified and labeled with horseradish peroxidase. each enzyme-labeled ma was tested alone and in combination with others for its sensitivity to detect virus-infected cells. semliki forest virus-infected l cells seeded as monolayers in 96-well plates were screened for the virus after incubation with enzyme-labeled ma and a substrate. in ... | 1984 | 6386855 |
| three genes code for rubella virus structural proteins e1, e2a, e2b and c. | the structural proteins e1, e2a, e2b and c of rubella virus (rv) were purified by preparative sds-page. the individual proteins were subjected to amino-terminal sequence analysis by edman degradation, carboxyl-terminal structure analysis by digestion with carboxypeptidases and quantitative amino acid composition analysis. the partial amino-terminal sequences of e2a and e2b were identical and different from that of e1. the c protein did not yield any consistent results on edman degradation, sugge ... | 1984 | 6470684 |
| interaction of influenza virus proteins with planar bilayer lipid membranes. ii. effects of rimantadine and amantadine. | the dependence of the surface potential difference (delta u), transversal elasticity module (e1) and membrane conductivity (g0) on the concentrations of the antiviral drugs, rimantadine and amantadine was studied in the planar bilayer lipid membrane system. the method used was based on independent measurements of the second and third harmonics of the membrane capacitance current. the binding constants of bilayer lipid membranes obtained from the drug adsorption isotherms were 2.1 x 10(5) m-1 and ... | 1984 | 6498193 |
| density of newly synthesized plasma membrane proteins in intracellular membranes ii. biochemical studies. | using two independent methods, incorporation of radioactive amino-acid and quantitative immunoblotting, we have determined that the rate of synthesis of each of the semliki forest virus (sfv) proteins in infected baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells is 1.2 x 10(5) copies/cell/min. given the absolute surface areas of the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi complex presented in the companion paper (griffiths, g., g. warren, p. quinn , o. mathieu - costello , and a. hoppeler , 1984, j. cell biol. 98:2133-21 ... | 1984 | 6563038 |
| expression of differentiation and age-related antigens on chicken erythroleukemia cells transformed by avian erythroblastosis virus (aev). | immature circulating chicken red cells express on their surface two antigenic molecules referred to as im 48 kd and im 140 kd antigens. the im 140 kd antigen is not present beyond the erythroblast stage while the expression of im 48 kd antigenic molecule remains detectable on circulating erythrocytes of embryos and young chickens, but not on erythrocytes of adult animals. in addition to im 48 kd and im 140 kd antigens, the avian erythroblastosis virus (aev)-transformed erythroid cells express tw ... | 1983 | 6578052 |
| expression of semliki forest virus proteins from cloned complementary dna. i. the fusion activity of the spike glycoprotein. | a complementary (cdna) molecule encoding the structural proteins of semliki forest virus (sfv) has been inserted into a simian virus 40-derived eucaryotic expression vector lacking introns. introduction of the recombinant dna into nuclei of baby hamster kidney cells results in the synthesis of authentic sfv membrane glycoproteins e1 and e2. the glycoproteins are both transported to the cell surface and induce cell-cell fusion after a brief treatment of the cells with low ph medium. the ph depend ... | 1983 | 6688423 |
| prostaglandins in cells of the lymphoid system in akr leukemia. | akr mice develop spontaneous lymphoid leukemia late (8 to 12 months) in life, although persistent murine leukemia virus production occurs throughout their life. this suggests that age-related changes are involved in development of leukemia. prostaglandin biosynthesis was therefore studied in 24-hr cultures in vitro at 37 degrees of peritoneal macrophages, splenocytes, thymocytes, bone marrow, and lymph node cells. akr mice of 2, 6, and 8 to 12 months of age were studied. prostaglandin e1, prosta ... | 1984 | 6692354 |
| identification of immunologically cross-reactive proteins of sindbis virus: evidence for unique conformation of e1 glycoprotein from infected cells. | hyperimmune antisera to purified sindbis (sin) or semliki forest (sf) virus were used to identify alphavirus-specific and cross-reactive proteins in virions and infected cells. the hyperimmune sera participated in homologous and cross-cytolysis of alphavirus-infected cells, and the use of monospecific antisera to sin structural proteins suggested that e1 and e2 could serve as target proteins in cytolysis. proteins from purified virions or infected cells were extracted with nonidet p-40, denature ... | 1984 | 6694261 |
| rubella virus 40s genome rna specifies a 24s subgenomic mrna that codes for a precursor to structural proteins. | we have analyzed the structure of the rubella virus genome rna and the virus-specific rna species synthesized in b-vero cells infected with rubella virus. a single-stranded, capped, and polyadenylated rna species sedimenting at 40s in a sucrose gradient was released from purified virions treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate. this rna species migrated with an mr of about 3.8 x 10(6) in an agarose gel after denaturation with glyoxal and dimethyl sulfoxide. infected cells labeled with [3h]uridine in ... | 1984 | 6694262 |
| identification of acyl donors and acceptor proteins for fatty acid acylation in bhk cells infected with semliki forest virus. | the modification of viral glycoproteins through the covalent attachment of fatty acids was studied in baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells infected with semliki forest virus (sfv). comparative pulse-chase experiments with [3h]palmitic acid and [35s]methionine revealed that a precursor polypeptide, designated p62, of the structural sfv glycoprotein and e1 serve as the primary acceptors of acyl chains. acylation of p62 occurs immediately prior to its proteolytical cleavage to e2 and e3 emphasizing the ... | 1984 | 6723626 |
| cell-free fatty acid acylation of semliki forest viral polypeptides with microsomal membranes from eukaryotic cells. | using [14c]palmitoyl-coa as donor and deacylated (fatty acid-free) structural proteins of semliki forest virus as exogenous acceptors, palmitic acid was incorporated into polypeptide in a cell-free system with microsomes of baby hamster kidney cells, chicken embryo fibroblasts, and rat liver cells. out of the four viral proteins (e1, e2, e3, and c) only e1 becomes acylated enzymatically. the protein bound fatty acids of the in vitro product are resistant to detergents and to organic extractions ... | 1984 | 6725287 |
| rubella virus: structural and non-structural proteins. | rubella virus was rapidly concentrated and purified using polyethylene glycol 6000 as the precipitating agent. electrophoresis in slab gels defined three structural proteins present in equimolar amounts, with mol. wt. of 59000 (e1), 43000 to 48000 (heterogeneous e2) and 34000 (core protein, c). e1 and e2 were glycosylated; different distributions of labelled carbohydrates within the broad band of e2 indicated that the slower migrating region was enriched in complex oligosaccharides. in infected ... | 1984 | 6726182 |
| structural proteins of chikungunya virus. | polyacrylamide gel analysis of the structural proteins of african and asian strains of chikungunya virus, an alphavirus, showed that both strains contain three structural proteins: glycosylated e1 and e2, embedded in the viral envelope, and a nonglycosylated nucleocapsid protein. in pulse-chase experiments the precursor protein pe2 was chased into glycoprotein e2, which migrated slightly faster than did glycoprotein e1. the third chikungunya glycoprotein, e3, was not associated with mature virio ... | 1984 | 6726893 |
| on the role of oligosaccharide trimming in the maturation of sindbis and influenza virus. | the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor bromoconduritol inhibits the formation of the n-linked, complex-type oligosaccharides of the glycoproteins from influenza viruses (fowl plague virus, influenza virus pr-8) and from sindbis virus. viral glycoproteins produced in bromoconduritol-treated chicken-embryo and baby-hamster kidney cells are fully glycosylated, but accumulate n-linked, high-mannose oligosaccharides of the composition glc1manx (glcnac)2 (x = 7, 8, and 9). other alpha-glucosidase inhibitors ... | 1984 | 6743024 |
| the gene order for rubella virus structural proteins is nh2-c-e2-e1-cooh. | the order of translation in vivo of the genes coding for rubella virus structural proteins was studied in infected b-vero cells. the proteins were sequentially pulse-chase labeled with [35s]methionine after synchronization of translation initiation with hypertonic salt treatment. a sequential labeling procedure ("window-labeling") to specifically label defined segments of the structural proteins was also used. the labeled proteins were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis aft ... | 1984 | 6748161 |
| partial maturation and light chain restriction of abelson virus-transformed b cell precursors. | the induction of partial maturation in an in vitro derived abelson virus-transformed murine lymphoid cell subline (abc-1/at1) is described. pre-b (cytoplasmic, mu chain-positive) lymphocytes were induced from presumptive b cell precursors by prostaglandin e1, butyric acid, lipopolysaccharide and interferon. maturation was independent of alterations in cellular growth rate and could be achieved in the absence of cell division. the at1 subline was found to be restricted to the expression of a sing ... | 1981 | 6783433 |
| prevalence of williams e1 antigen in comparison with e2 antigen in hepatitis b antigen carriers and patients in hemodialysis unit. | the prevalence of both e1 and e2 antigens in 1,158 sera of asymptomatic hbsag carriers, carriers in hemodialysis units, and hbsag-negative blood donors was examined. the detection rate of e1 antigen was as high as 80% in asymptomatic carriers, 95% in hemodialysis patients, and even 13.1% in hbsag-negative donors. all of the e1 antigen-positive specimens in such hbsag-negative sera were found to have both or either anti-hbs and anti-hbc, suggesting the past history of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infe ... | 1980 | 6785391 |
| host-dependent variation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides at individual glycosylation sites of sindbis virus glycoproteins. | we examined the asn-linked oligosaccharides at individual glycosylation sites of the two envelope glycoproteins of sindbis virus, e1 and e2. the analysis was done by separating tryptic glycopeptides by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and analyzing the oligosaccharides from isolated glycopeptides by gel filtration chromatography. both e1 and e2 have two glycosylation sites each in virus grown in chick embryo fibroblasts, baby hamster kidney cells, and chinese hamster ovary ce ... | 1983 | 6822574 |
| comparative immunological and biochemical analyses of viruses in the venezuelan equine encephalitis complex. | unclassified venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) viruses tonate (ton), bijou bridge (bb), paramana (para), 71d-1252 and cabassou (cab) were characterized serologically and biochemically. the envelope glycoproteins of these and nine other vee viruses representing vee subtype variants i-ab, i-c, i-d, i-e, ii, iii and iv were separated by column isoelectric focusing. the e1 and e2 glycoproteins of all the zwittergent-dissociated vee viruses focused at pi 6.3 to 6.9 and pi 8.6 to 9.3 respectively. ... | 1983 | 6822814 |
| a variant of western equine encephalitis virus with nonglycosylated e3 protein. | a variant clone (at/a125) of western equine encephalitis virus was isolated from a line of mosquito cells persistently infected with a temperature-sensitive parent strain, a125. variant-infected cells produced an altered form of pe2 protein which migrated with a higher electrophoretic mobility than wild type or a125 pe2. the altered pe2, like pe2 of wild type, was precipitated by anti-envelope proteins serum but not by anti-e1 serum. in pulse-chase experiments the altered pe2 protein was shown t ... | 1983 | 6829167 |
| polycaryocyte formation mediated by sindbis virus glycoproteins. | the process of cell fusion mediated by sindbis virus membrane proteins synthesized after infection was examined. at the times after infection at which virus proteins were detectable on the cell surface, sindbis virus-infected bhk-21 cells were found to express a fusion function after brief treatment at acid ph. in studies employing wild-type virus and temperature-sensitive mutants and testing drug or protease inhibition of virus production, we made the following observations on sindbis virus-med ... | 1983 | 6834476 |
| conformational changes in sindbis virus e1 glycoprotein induced by monoclonal antibody binding. | a monoclonal antibody (30.2) raised against sindbis virus is able to precipitate both e1 and pe2 from [35s]methionine-labelled infected cells solubilized with non-ionic detergent. addition of sds to the lysate abolishes the precipitation of pe2 without affecting that of e1, thus demonstrating that the antibody is specific for e1. other sindbis e1-specific monoclonal antibodies (30.11 and 30.12) precipitate only e1, even from lysates containing only non-ionic detergent, and their presence in such ... | 1983 | 6842188 |
| rubella virus contains one capsid protein and three envelope glycoproteins, e1, e2a, and e2b. | we have analyzed the structure of rubella virus proteins labeled metabolically with [35s]methionine, [3h]mannose, and [3h]glucosamine or externally with [3h]borohydride after galactose oxidase treatment. four structural proteins, with mrs of about 58,000 (e1), 47,000 (e2a), 42,000 (e2b), and 33,000 (c), were resolved on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. tryptic peptide maps obtained from [35s]methionine-labeled proteins indicated that e1 and c were unrelated to each other and to e2a an ... | 1983 | 6854740 |
| sequence analysis of two mutants of sindbis virus defective in the intracellular transport of their glycoproteins. | we have sequenced the complementary dna corresponding to the genes encoding the viral glycoproteins of ts10 and ts23, mutants of sindbis virus defective in the intracellular transport of their glycoproteins, and of revertants of these mutants. these studies have been augmented by direct amino acid sequencing of the amino-terminal regions of the glycoproteins of several virus strains. by comparing the deduced amino acid sequence with that of sindbis hr virus, the parental strain of these mutants, ... | 1983 | 6876179 |
| expression of the structural proteins of semliki forest virus from cloned cdna microinjected into the nucleus of baby hamster kidney cells. | the three structural proteins of semliki forest virus--i.e., the capsid, p62, and e1 proteins--were expressed in baby hamster kidney cells from cloned dna transcribed from the virus-specific 4.1-kilobase mrna. the cdna was engineered into an expression vector developed by others [mulligan, r. c. & berg, p. (1980) science 209, 1422--1427] downstream from the simian virus 40 early promoter and was introduced into cell nuclei by microneedle injection. immunofluorescence analysis of injected cells ... | 1982 | 6956877 |
| the use of red cells with fused semliki forest virus envelope proteins in antibody determinations by hemolysis in gel. | chicken red blood cells with fused semliki forest virus (sfv) proteins on the cell membrane were used in the hemolysis-in-gel (hig) plates. optimally the plate contained a 1.5 mm thick gel of 1% agarose with 1% red cells and 1 unit/ml gel of complement. 400 ng of sfv was fused to the red cells in 1 ml of the gel (about 20 virions fused to one red cell). five microliters of inactivated (56 degrees c, 30 min) serum samples were pipetted into wells in the gel. after 20 h of incubation at 37 degrees ... | 1982 | 7042724 |
| posttranslational modifications of sindbis virus glycoproteins: electrophoretic analysis of pulse-chase-labeled infected cells. | cytoplasmic extracts prepared from sindbis virus-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts pulse-chase-labeled with [35s]methionine 6 h postinfection were analyzed on a highly resolving sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel either directly or after various treatments. the results we obtained suggest that (i) the proteolytic cleavage which converts pe2 to e2 glycoprotein takes place intracellularly, before or at least during the formation of complex-type oligosaccharide side chains; and (ii) e1 glycoprotein under ... | 1982 | 7045394 |
| a temperature-sensitive mutant of western equine encephalitis virus with an altered envelope protein e1 and a defect in the transport of envelope glycoproteins. | 1982 | 7080446 | |
| glycosylation of intracellular sindbis virus glycoproteins. | oligosaccharides of purified intracellular sindbis virus glycoproteins have been examined by high-resolution bio-gel chromatography. the array of glycopeptides from cellular e1 and e2 appeared similar to the glycopeptides (s1, s2, s3, and s4) found in mature virus glycoproteins described previously [hakimi, j., & atkinson, p. h. (1980) biochemistry 19, 5619]. however, compared to its viral counterpart, intracellular e1 glycoprotein also contained larger sized mannosyl oligosaccharides. b and pe2 ... | 1982 | 7093235 |
| expression of early viral gene products in adenovirus type 12-infected and -transformed cells. | we have analysed early viral gene products expressed in adenovirus type 12 (ad12)-infected cells as well as in two ad12-transformed hamster cell lines, and ad12-induced rat tumour cell lines by cell-free translation of virus-specific rna which was selected by hybridization to cloned restriction endonuclease fragments of virus dna. proteins synthesized in vitro were analysed by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. it was found that rna encoded by early region e1a directs the synthesis of ... | 1982 | 7097253 |
| uv irradiation analysis of complementation between, and replication of, rna-negative temperature-sensitive mutants of newcastle disease virus. | random uv irradiation-induced lesions destroy the infectivity of newcastle disease virus (ndv) by blocking downstream transcription from the single viral promoter. the nucleocapsid-associated polypeptides most likely to be involved in rna synthesis are located at the extreme ends of the genome: np and p are promoter proximal genes, and l is the most distal gene. we attempted to order the two temperature-sensitive (ts) rna-negative (rna-) mutant groups of ndv by determining the uv target sizes fo ... | 1982 | 7097855 |
| rna synthesis by newcastle disease virus temperature-sensitive mutants in two rna-negative complementation groups. | the temperature-sensitive rna-negative mutants of newcastle disease virus comprise two complementation groups, group a (seven members) and group e (one member). the rna-synthesizing activities of four representative members of group a and the single member of group e were compared with the activity of the wild type. these mutants were defective to varying extents in primary transcription at the nonpermissive temperature, ranging from mutant a1, which had no activity, to mutant e1, which lost onl ... | 1982 | 7097866 |
| monoclonal antibodies to sindbis virus glycoprotein e1 can neutralize, enhance infectivity, and independently inhibit haemagglutination or haemolysis. | two monoclonal antibodies raised against sindbis virus were shown to be specific for the envelope glycoprotein e1 by radioimmunoprecipitation (rip). they had a number of contrasting biological properties. one of them was capable of neutralizing virus infectivity and inhibiting haemagglutination, while the other had no significant neutralizing or haemagglutination-inhibiting capability, but did inhibit virus-mediated haemolysis. both monoclonal antibodies could enhance virus infectivity of fc rec ... | 1982 | 7142968 |
| identification of a new venezuelan equine encephalitis virus from brazil. | two strains of recently isolated venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) complex virus from southern brazil, avirulent for 6- to 8-week-old mice and short-haired guinea pigs, were characterized by biologic, serologic, and biochemical means. they were shown serologically to represent a single, newly recognized variant of subtype i. two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) of ribonuclease t1 digests of viral ribonucleic acid showed considerable homology between the genomes of the new ... | 1982 | 7149112 |
| the interaction of monoclonal antibodies directed against envelope glycoprotein e1 of sindbis virus with virus-infected cells. | two monoclonal antibodies specific for the sindbis virus envelope glycoprotein e1 were evaluated for their ability to maintain long-term infection when present in the medium of virus-infected cells. one of them, previously shown to have neutralizing activity and to inhibit haemagglutination, caused suppression of both virus expression at the cell surface and prolonged intracellular virus presence. the other monoclonal antibody which lacked neutralizing activity but inhibited virus-specific haemo ... | 1982 | 7149696 |
| glycosylation patterns of the envelope glycoproteins of an equine-virulent venezuelan encephalitis virus and its vaccine derivative. | the equine-virulent venezuelan encephalitis virus, trinidad donkey (trd), was compared to its vaccine derivative, tc-83 virus, by examining the glycosylation of the two structural envelope glycoproteins (e1 and e2). the number of size classes of glycopeptides on the glycoproteins was determined by p-6 column chromatography following pronase digestion. the e1 glycoprotein had three glycopeptide size species and the e2 glycoprotein contained four size species ranging in mol. wt. from 1900 to 2700. ... | 1982 | 7175499 |
| on the mechanism of inactivation of chikungunya virus by tannic acid. | the mechanism of the action of tannic acid (ta) chikungunya virus (chikv) was investigated. both infectivity and hemagglutination (ha) activity of chikv were reduced by treatment with ta in vitro. aggregation of the ta-treated virus particles was observed by electron microscopy. the reaction was reversible, depending on the ph of the mixture. however, mere dilution of the ta-virus mixture or addition of other protein, such as bovine serum albumin, did not restore the lost infectivity. ta also su ... | 1980 | 7219208 |
| adherence of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to virus infected cells: role of the cytoskeleton and prostaglandin e. | human peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) form significantly greater numbers of rosettes with virus infected cells than healthy controls. because increased lymphocyte adherence in ms may be important to the disease process, we have investigated the mechanisms governing lymphocyte adherence in healthy control volunteers. we have previously shown that prostaglandins e1, e2 (pge2), and dibutyryl cyclic amp (db camp) increase control lymphocyte adherence to ms lev ... | 1981 | 7220657 |
| evidence for a separate signal sequence for the carboxy-terminal envelope glycoprotein e1 of semliki forest virus. | when semliki forest virus temperature-sensitive mutant ts-3 was grown at the restrictive temperature an aberrant nascent cleavage of the 130,000-dalton structural polyprotein took place relatively frequently. this cleavage yielded an abnormal 86,000-dalton fusion protein (p86) consisting of the amino-terminal capsid protein linked to the amino acid sequences of envelope protein p62 (a precursor of e3 and e2). the other cleavage product was the carboxy-terminal envelope protein e1. p86 was not gl ... | 1981 | 7241658 |
| amino-terminal sequence analysis of alphavirus polypeptides. | the single late 26s mrna of semliki forest virus (sfv) directs the synthesis of the four viral structural proteins, c, e3, e2, and e1, and the recently described nonstructural protein, 6k. we report here partial nh2-terminal amino acid sequences of the sfv polypeptides e3 and 6k and of p62, the precursor to e3 and e2. in addition, were have determined a partial nh2-terminal sequence of the sindbis virus homolog of 6k, the 4.2k protein. p62 and e3 of sfv have identical nh2-terminal amino acid seq ... | 1981 | 7241669 |
| expression of viral dna in adenovirus type 12-transformed cells, in tumor cells, and in revertants. | the expression as cytoplasmic rna of integrated human adenovirus type 12 (ad12) dna in transformed and tumor cell lines and in revertants was investigated. the transformed and tumor cells contained multiple copies of the viral genome, 3 to 22 copies per cell in different cell lines. the integrated ad12 dna molecules persisted intact or nearly intact and in most cases colinear with the virion dna. in the revertant cell lines, which were derived from cell line t637 (22 copies of ad12 dna per cell) ... | 1981 | 7288917 |
| characterization of a small, nonstructural viral polypeptide present late during infection of bhk cells by semliki forest virus. | bhk cells, late in infection with semliki forest virus, were found to contain a small virus-specific polypeptide not found in the mature virion. this polypeptide had an apparent molecular weight of 6,000 and is referred to here as the 6k protein. no [2-3h]mannose was incorporated into 6k, and hence it does not appear to be a glycoprotein. this protein appears to be a primary translation product of the subgenomic 26s mrna, which encodes the viral structural proteins. the genes encoding the viral ... | 1980 | 7365868 |
| human enteroviruses and wildlife: isolation from gray squirrels. | five isolates of human echovirus 1/8 complex were recovered from the feces of free-ranging gray squirrels. the source of infection and the significance of the isolates remain unknown. | 1980 | 7373721 |
| reversible transport defects of virus membrane glycoproteins in sindbis virus mutant infected cells. | surface immunofluorescence with anti-envelope serum was used to study the transport of virus membrane glycoproteins in cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants of sindbis virus. mutants belonging to complementation group d (ts-10 and ts-23), which have a defect in the envelope protein e1, showed a temperature dependent defect in the transport of the virus glycoproteins to the cell surface. in contrast, cells infected with mutant ts-20, the only representative of complementation group e, ... | 1980 | 7379138 |
| defective mutant of sindbis virus with a smaller-molecular-weight form of the e1 glycoprotein. | we have isolated from a single plaque a mutant of sindbis virus characterized by an e1 glycoprotein with higher electrophoretic mobility. this higher mobility is not attributable to a different extent of glycosylation of the protein nor to an altered proteolytic maturation pathway of the polypeptide precursor, but is the result of a deletion occurring during the replication of the viral rna. the 26s rna (the messenger for the sindbis structural proteins) extracted from cells infected with the mu ... | 1980 | 7381993 |
| analysis of semliki-forest-virus structural proteins to illustrate polyprotein processing of alpha viruses. | the four structural proteins of semliki forest virus were purified in an amount of 30-50 nmol by preparative sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. each protein was subjected to n-terminal structural analysis by degradation in a liquid-phase sequencer. about 20 residues were determined for each of the two membrane glycoproteins e1 and e2. the amino acid sequence of e1 but not that of e2 showed extensive homology to the corresponding proteins of the closely related sindbis viru ... | 1980 | 7408852 |
| studies on structural proteins of chikungunya virus. i. separation of three species of proteins and their preliminary characterization. | chikungunya virus (chikv) was purified and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in discontinuous buffer systems. three bands were revealed by staining with coomassie blue; two of them (e1 and e2) were associated with the membrane, and one (c) with the core. their molecular weights were estimated to be 56,000 (e1), 52,000 (e2), and 36,000 (c), irrespective of the concentration of acrylamide in the gels. the molar ratios of e1, e2, and c were almost equal when the ... | 1980 | 7432200 |
| formation of the semliki forest virus membrane glycoprotein complexes in the infected cell. | in semliki forest virus (sfv)-infected cells, all structural proteins are translated from a 26s mrna using a single initiation site. the capsid protein which is made first is released into the cytoplasm whereas the two membrane proteins, p62 (the precursor for e2 and e3) and e1, are inserted into the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane. based on gradient centrifugation and cross-linking studies, it can be seen that the p62 and e1 polypeptides form a complex immediately after synthesis and migra ... | 1980 | 7441208 |
| growth-dependent alterations in oligomannosyl glycopeptides expressed in sindbis virus glycoproteins. | sindbis virus was used to examine host cell growth-dependent expression of oligomannosyl glycopeptides within single species of viral glycoproteins. four mannosyl oligosaccharides ranging from 5 to 8 mannose residues were separated on bio-gel p4 column chromatography. virus derived from rapidly growing chicken embryo fibroblasts displayed greater quantities of larger sized oligomannosyl glycopeptides in intact virus and in purified sindbis virus glycoproteins e1 and e2 compared with virus from n ... | 1980 | 7459334 |
| cortisol protection of the granulocyte response to isoproterenol during an in vitro influenza virus incubation. | isolated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) release beta glucuronidase (bg) lysosomal enzyme during incubation with complement-activated zymosan particles. in asthma, isoproterenol (iso) and histamine (his) inhibition of pmn lysosomal enzyme release is impaired while the prostaglandin e1 (pge1) response is normal. during a respiratory infection provoking asthma, the pmn response to iso is further impaired. the pmn response to iso, his, and pge1 is similarly impaired following an in vitro ... | 1981 | 7462534 |
| differential reactivity of immune sera from human vaccinees with field strains of eastern equine encephalitis virus. | eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that can produce a severe and often fatal acute encephalitis in humans, with significant neurologic sequelae in survivors. due to the serious nature of the disease, an investigational inactivated eee vaccine (pe-6) is available to individuals at risk for infection. both serologic and recent molecular analyses of eee viruses have demonstrated marked differences between the two antigenic varieties of eee virus, designated north ... | 1995 | 7485719 |
| differential subcellular localization of hepatitis c virus core gene products. | the expression of the core gene of two different hepatitis c virus (hcv) isolates was analyzed. in the presence of its downstream e1 envelope protein sequence, two major core protein products with molecular masses of 21 kda (p21) and 19 kda (p19) and a minor protein product with molecular mass of 16 kda (p16) were detected. in the absence of its downstream e1 envelope protein sequence, p21 and p19 remained the major protein products expressed from the core gene of the hcv-rh isolate, whereas p16 ... | 1995 | 7491770 |
| raised levels of antibodies to human viruses at the clinical onset of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. | patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (aicah) often have very high titres of antibodies to rubella and/or measles virus. in the present study a young girl at the clinical onset of aicah exhibited very high titres of antibodies against influenza viruses a and b, parainfluenza viruses, rubella virus and varicella-zoster virus. the titres normalized over 2 months except for rubella and varicella-zoster antibodies. strong reactivities were seen against the rubella structural proteins e1, ... | 1995 | 7493312 |
| cellular factors required for papillomavirus dna replication. | in vitro replication of papillomavirus dna has been carried out with a combination of purified proteins and partially purified extracts made from human cells. dna synthesis requires the viral e1 protein and the papillomavirus origin of replication. the e2 protein stimulates dna synthesis in a binding site-independent manner. papillomavirus dna replication is also dependent on the cellular factors replication protein a, replication factor c, and proliferating-cell nuclear antigen as well as a pho ... | 1995 | 7494298 |
| identification of the pore forming element of semliki forest virus spikes. | pore formation at mildly acidic ph by sfv spike proteins was investigated using isolated and modified virions. modification of the virions was performed by limited proteolysis in presence of octylglucoside and resulted in the formation of e1 particles and spikeless particles, respectively. pore formation was detected by measuring the influx of propidium iodide into the viral particles. the results obtained clearly showed that the presence of e1 alone is sufficient to promote pore formation at mi ... | 1995 | 7498462 |
| evaluation of complete genome sequences and sequences of individual gene products for the classification of hepatitis c viruses. | comparisons of genome and polyprotein sequences of hepatitis c virus (hcv) isolates world-wide has led to the identification of nine major genotypes and many subtypes. this classification is based on either complete genome/polyprotein sequences or sequence data from the 5' noncoding region, core, e1, ns3 or ns5b genes. the relative merit of different gene segments as taxonomic markers and the validity of the resulting assignments is not clear at this stage. to resolve the taxonomy of hcv genotyp ... | 1995 | 7503676 |
| expression of the rubella virus structural proteins by an infectious sindbis virus vector. | to assess the potential of an infectious sindbis virus vector (dssin) as a eukaryotic expression vector, dssin recombinants which contain each of the rubella virus (rub) structural proteins (c, e2, and e1) individually were constructed. expression of the rub proteins by each dssin recombinant was robust and processing was similar to that observed when these proteins were expressed using other vectors. the c and e2 recombinants, each of which contains a cassette of less than 1,000 nts, were stabl ... | 1995 | 7503703 |
| characterization of the genomic sequence of type v (or 3a) hepatitis c virus isolates and pcr primers for specific detection. | we have identified four new hepatitis c virus (hcv) isolates whose genomic rna could be amplified by pcr using primers from the 5' untranslated region (utr), but the rna could not be detected with genotype i to iv (or types 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b respectively)-specific core region-derived primers. we compared the nucleotide sequences of the new isolates from positions 65 to 1850 (3' end of 5' utr, c, e1 and 5' end of e2/ns1) and 8276 to 9394 (3' end of ns5 and 3' utr) with those for genotypes i to iv ... | 1993 | 7504073 |
| epitope analysis of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) complex viruses using monoclonal antibodies to envelope glycoprotein of tbe virus (persulcatus subtype). | the arrangement of envelope protein epitopes of tick-borne encephalitis viruses (tbev) (persulcatus or eastern subtype, sofjin strain and ricinus or western subtype, minsk-256 strain) and kyasanur forest disease virus (kfdv) was investigated using competitive binding of monoclonal antibodies against the sofjin e protein. the e protein of tbev sofjin strain forms three antigenic domains: e1, e2 and e3, represented by 12, 9 and 2 epitopes respectively; two additional epitopes stand alone. domains ... | 1993 | 7505512 |
| mechanism of enhancement of dna expression consequent to cointernalization of a replication-deficient adenovirus and unmodified plasmid dna. | given the knowledge that replication-deficient adenoviruses can mediate the delivery of unlinked plasmid dna into eukaryotic cells (k. yoshimura, m. a. rosenfeld, p. seth, and r. g. crystal, j. biol. chem. 268:2300-2303, 1993), this study focuses on the role of receptor-mediated endocytosis in this process. adcftr (an e1- e3- adenovirus type 5-based replication-deficient adenovirus containing the 4.5-kb human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator cdna) was added to cos-7 cells toge ... | 1994 | 7507187 |
| vaccination of chimpanzees against infection by the hepatitis c virus. | a high incidence of community-acquired hepatitis c virus infection that can lead to the progressive development of chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and primary hepatocellular carcinoma occurs throughout the world. a vaccine to control the spread of this agent that represents a major cause of chronic liver disease is therefore needed. seven chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) have been immunized with both putative envelope glycoproteins [e1 (gp33) and e2 (gp72)] that were copurified from hela ... | 1994 | 7509068 |
| immunogens of encephalitis viruses. | the equine encephalitis viruses are members of the genus alphavirus, in the family togaviridae. three main virus serogroups represented by western (wee), eastern (eee) and venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) viruses cause epizootic and enzootic infection of horses throughout the western hemisphere. all equine encephalitis viruses are transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. the first equine encephalitis virus vaccines were produced by virus inactivation. problems with inadequate in ... | 1993 | 7509539 |
| identification of putative ligand binding sites within i domain of integrin alpha 2 beta 1 (vla-2, cd49b/cd29) | integrin alpha 2 beta 1 is a cell surface adhesion receptor for collagen and echovirus 1. here we localized the epitopes for anti-alpha 2 monoclonal antibodies using interspecies (human/bovine) alpha 2 chimeras with different lengths of human alpha 2 sequence on the amino-terminal side and site-directed mutagenesis. the antibodies that block the collagen and/or echovirus 1 binding to human alpha 2 beta 1 (6f1, rmac11, 12f1, and aa10) recognizes a small region (residues 173-259) within the i doma ... | 1994 | 7511592 |
| differential host-dependent expression of alpha-galactosyl epitopes on viral glycoproteins: a study of eastern equine encephalitis virus as a model. | the carbohydrate epitope gal alpha 1-3gal beta 1-4glcnac-r (alpha-galactosyl) is abundantly expressed on cells of non-primate mammals, prosimians and new world monkeys, where it is synthesized by the enzyme alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase (alpha 1,3gt). old world monkeys, apes and humans lack alpha 1,3gt and hence do not synthesize alpha-galactosyl epitopes. instead, these species produce a natural antibody, anti-gal, which interacts specifically with alpha-galactosyl epitopes and which constitu ... | 1994 | 7513744 |
| adenovirus-mediated transfer of the cftr gene to lung of nonhuman primates: biological efficacy study. | we have evaluated the biological efficacy of e1-deleted adenoviruses in baboons for lung-directed gene therapy of cystic fibrosis (cf). the experimental design attempted to simulate a phase i clinical trial with animals receiving a single dose of virus to an isolated pulmonary segment. a total of 14 animals divided into four groups, each of which received escalating doses of virus, were used. individual animals were necropsied 4 and 21 days after gene transfer and tissues were carefully surveyed ... | 1993 | 7514445 |
| antigenic structure of envelope glycoprotein e1 of hog cholera virus. | envelope glycoprotein e1 (gp51 to gp54) is the most antigenic protein of hog cholera virus or classical swine fever virus (csfv). four antigenic domains, a to d, have been mapped on e1 with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against csfv strain brescia. the boundaries of these domains have been established by extensive studies on binding of mabs to transiently expressed deletion mutants of e1 (p. a. van rijn, e. j. de meijer, h. g. p. van gennip, and r. j. m. moormann, j. gen. virol. ... | 1994 | 7514680 |
| hepatitis c virus markers in patients with long-term biochemical and histological remission of chronic hepatitis. | we measured hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna and antibodies against hcv recombinant proteins (c22/s1, e1/s2, e2/ns1, c33/ns3, c100/ns4, ns5) in serial serum samples from 22 interferon-treated patients with a long-term follow up (range: 36-44 months). eleven of them showed persistently normal liver function tests and a significant histological amelioration or a complete resolution of chronic hepatitis (long-term responders, ltrs). in the remaining 11 patients (non-responders (nrs)) liver function test ... | 1994 | 7515141 |
| analysis of overlapping t- and b-cell antigenic sites on rubella virus e1 envelope protein. influence of hla-dr4 polymorphism on t-cell clonal recognition. | a ctl antigenic site located between residues 273 and 291 of the e1 envelope protein of rv was identified by 51cr-release assays employing sps. two e1-specific ctl clones were examined for immune recognition of rv wild-type and attenuated vaccine strains and recombinant e1 protein. the exact sequence (273-284) recognized by both clones was delineated by using truncated and overlapping sps covering these residues. the defined t-cell site overlapped almost completely with a virus neutralizing anti ... | 1994 | 7517931 |
| processing in the hepatitis c virus e2-ns2 region: identification of p7 and two distinct e2-specific products with different c termini. | the hepatitis c virus (hcv) h strain polyprotein is cleaved to produce at least nine distinct products: nh2-c-e1-e2-ns2-ns3-ns4a-ns4b-ns5a-ns5b-co oh. in this report, a series of c-terminal truncations and fusion with a human c-myc epitope tag allowed identification of a tenth hcv-encoded cleavage product, p7, which is located between the e2 and ns2 proteins. as determined by n-terminal sequence analysis, p7 begins with position 747 of the hcv h strain polyprotein. p7 is preceded by a hydrophobi ... | 1994 | 7518529 |
| gene therapy for cystic fibrosis using e1-deleted adenovirus: a phase i trial in the nasal cavity. the university of north carolina at chapel hill. | cystic fibrosis (cf) is an autosomal recessive disease that reflects mutations in the cftr gene. multiple mutations in this gene have been detected that lead to a protein (cftr) that is abnormally metabolized, dysfunction, or both. the full spectrum of the activities of the gene product have not been defined, but it is clear that cftr can act as a camp-regulated cl- channel. this type of defect is consistent with the physiologic characterization of cf epithelia, which has revealed abnormalities ... | 1994 | 7519885 |
| cloning and phylogenetic analysis of the core, e2, and ns3/ns4 regions of the hepatitis c virus type 5a. | by means of the line probe assay, a hepatitis c virus type 5a infected serum from a belgian patient was selected. the complete core region (573 bp), the carboxyterminal part of e1 and the aminoterminal part of e2/ns1 (661 bp), and an epitope containing region in ns3-ns4 (1452 bp) were cloned and sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequence revealed type-specific variations in regions of core and ns4 which were previously recognized as evoking a type-specific antibody response. in addition, the ami ... | 1994 | 7520237 |
| [the antigenic structure of the eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus studied by using monoclonal antibodies]. | thirty-three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) interacting with the structural proteins of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (eee) virus were prepared. the mutual arrangement of the antigenic sites on the e1 and e2 glycoproteins was studied by competitive radioimmunoassay. at least four nonoverlapping sites were found on the e1. the e2 glycoprotein contained at least seven partially overlapping antigenic sites. mabs to the sites e2-2 and e2-3 neutralized viral infectivity and blocked hemagglutination. ... | 1993 | 7521100 |
| mutational analysis of human papillomavirus e4 proteins: identification of structural features important in the formation of cytoplasmic e4/cytokeratin networks in epithelial cells. | we have previously demonstrated that human papillomavirus type 1 (hpv 1) and 16 (hpv 16) e4 proteins form cytoplasmic filamentous networks which specifically colocalize with cytokeratin intermediate-filament (if) networks when expressed in simian virus 40-transformed keratinocytes. the hpv 16 (but not the hpv 1) e4 protein induced the collapse of the cytokeratin networks. (s. roberts, i. ashmole, g. d. johnson, j. w. kreider, and p. h. gallimore, virology 197:176-187, 1993). the mode of interact ... | 1994 | 7521917 |
| inactivation of e2a in recombinant adenoviruses improves the prospect for gene therapy in cystic fibrosis. | although first generation recombinant adenoviruses, deleted of sequences spanning e1a and e1b, have been useful for in vivo applications of gene therapy, expression of the recombinant gene has been transient and often associated with the development of inflammation. we show that with first generation adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to the mouse lung, viral proteins are expressed leading to destructive cellular immune responses and repopulation of the lung with nontransgene containing cells. se ... | 1994 | 7522742 |
| [current developments in the diagnosis of hepatitis c]. | since the discovery of hepatitis c virus five years ago eight complete isolates and a large number of partial isolates have been sequenced. by comparing sequences, six hcv types can be differentiated which show more than 35% divergency in the ns5 proteins. the course of hepatitis c and the response rate after interferon therapy may be dependent on the hcv type. serological tests for the diagnosis of acute and chronic hepatitis c have been improved, so that more than 90% of patients seroconvert a ... | 1994 | 7524124 |
| localization of four antigenic sites involved in venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus protection. | stable neutralization and protection escape variants of a virulent strain (trinidad donkey) of the vee virus were selected by monoclonal antibodies (mabs). determination of nucleotide sequences of nine variants revealed a clustering of single mutations in four regions of the e1 and e2 glycoproteins. involvement of amino acid residues 206 (site e1-1), 57 and 59 (site e2-2), 180, 182, 213, 214 and 216 (site e2-6) and 232 (site e2-3) in protective epitopes was demonstrated. | 1994 | 7529989 |
| antibodies against linear and conformational epitopes of human papillomavirus type 16 that independently associate with incident cervical cancer. | in a seroepidemiological study of incident cervical cancer, 94 cases and 188 population-based controls were used to evaluate the disease-association of igg and iga antibody responses against 6 human papillomavirus (hpv) type-16 antigens. nine of the tested antibody responses were positively associated with cervical cancer, with odds ratios (ors) ranging from 2.5 to 15.0. the antibody responses most strongly associated with cervical cancer were iga against e6:10, an epitope derived from the carbo ... | 1995 | 7530234 |
| t cell recognition of hepatitis b and c viral antigens. | the outcome of hepatitis b and c heavily depends on the appropriate virus specific t cell response. both cd8+ and cd4+ t lymphocytes do not recognize native viral proteins but processed peptides bound to mhc class i and class ii, respectively. for therapeutical intervention aimed at t lymphocytes in chronic carriers as well as for the development of new vaccines, a precise identification of immunodominant epitopes, which can be recognized by a majority of patients, is necessary. biological featu ... | 1994 | 7531642 |
| truncating the putative membrane association region circumvents the difficulty of expressing hepatitis c virus protein e1 in escherichia coli. | the putative e1 of hepatitis c virus (hcv) was expressed in escherichia coli using a glutathione-s-transferase (gst) fusion protein system. the full length e1 protein is difficult to express. a series of e1 dna fragments was generated and used for expression vector construction. fusion proteins containing the e1 c-terminal region could not be expressed. when this region was truncated, the fusion proteins were synthesized to high levels. the possibility of this c-terminal region hampering the pro ... | 1994 | 7532651 |
| mhc class i-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes to viral antigens destroy hepatocytes in mice infected with e1-deleted recombinant adenoviruses. | the use of e1-deleted recombinant adenoviruses in gene therapy has consistently been associated with transient gene expression and inflammation due to immune-based destruction of the infected cells. we have used murine models of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to liver to investigate these immunologic mechanisms. adoptive transfer experiments, as well as studies involving genetic knockout mice, confirmed the original hypothesis that cell-mediated immunity induced by e1-deleted adenovirus destr ... | 1994 | 7533647 |
| differential pattern of sequence heterogeneity in the hepatitis c virus e1 and e2/ns1 proteins. | the e1 and e2/ns1 genes, encoding the putative hepatitis c virus envelope proteins, show a high rate of sequence variations. we analyzed the degree and distribution of sequence heterogeneity in serum samples from hepatitis c virus-infected subjects. the mutations in the e1 region were mainly type-specific and the rate of variability was apparently not linked to the clinical phase of the infection. the sequence evolution of the e1 region during interferon treatment was low, regardless of the resp ... | 1994 | 7534322 |
| echovirus 1 interaction with the isolated vla-2 i domain. | the isolated i domain of the integrin vla-2, produced as a bacterial fusion protein, specifically bound echovirus 1 and prevented virus attachment to cells. these results demonstrate that the receptor structures critical for virus attachment are contained solely within the vla-2 i domain and that soluble receptor fragments are capable of preventing infection. | 1995 | 7535868 |
| differential use of the regulatory elements of the alpha b-crystallin enhancer in cultured murine lung (mlg), lens (alpha tn4-1) and muscle (c2c12) cells. | the mouse alpha b-crystallin-encoding gene (alpha b-cry) is highly expressed in the lens and expressed to lesser extents in other tissues. here, we investigated alpha b-cry expression in mouse-lung-derived mlg cells. two sizes of mlg alpha b-cry transcripts comigrated with alpha b-cry transcripts contained in total and poly(a)+rna from mouse lung, with preference for the larger species in the mlg cells. expression of both alpha b-cry promoter/cat reporter gene constructs and alpha b-cry enhancer ... | 1995 | 7536694 |
| sequence variation and biological activity of rubella virus isolates. | haemagglutination (ha) by rubella virus is mediated by the e1 glycoprotein. rubella isolates which haemagglutinate with different avidity have been characterised. a significant reduction of ha titre at ph 6.0 was observed in one isolate in which isoleucine is substituted for threonine at rubella e1 residue 280. this residue is located in an epitope (ep1) which we have previously identified and shown to bind ha inhibiting (ha1) monoclonal antibodies. the isolates studied are also distinguishable ... | 1995 | 7537491 |
| [epitope specificity and protective activity of monoclonal antibodies to venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus]. | epitope specificity and protective activity of 5 types of monoclonal antibodies (mab) to strain tm-14 of venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (vee) virus were studied. the competing vee a4 and vee b5 mab were shown to recognize the conformation-dependent epitope of glycoprotein e2 third site and to possess an extremely high protective activity. vee c6 mab were active in all the studied biological tests (hemagglutination inhibition, neutralization tests, passive defence) and were directed to glyco ... | 1995 | 7539195 |
| generation of rubella virus-neutralising antibodies by vaccination with synthetic peptides. | four short peptides from rubella virus proteins e1 and e2, predicted to contain b cell epitopes, were used to vaccinate balb/c mice. sera from peptide-vaccinated animals reacted with viral antigens in elisa and three of the four induced virus-neutralising antibody (nab) responses. peptide py4, in contrast to the others, induced igg2a responses upon vaccination and stimulated spleen cells in vitro produced ifn gamma in the absence of il-5. it was reasoned that vaccination with py4 caused th1 subs ... | 1995 | 7539669 |
| human monoclonal antibodies for the immunological characterization of a highly conserved protein domain of the hepatitis c virus glycoprotein e1. | although both envelope glycoproteins of the hepatitis c virus, e1 and e2/ns1, show a high degree of sequence variation, the e1 protein includes a well conserved domain, which may be functionally important. we have analysed the human b cell response to a peptide fragment from amino acid residues 314-330 (ep3) covering the central conserved sequence of this domain. anti-hepatitis c virus-positive blood donors were screened for anti-ep3 antibodies with an elisa based on immobilized peptide. thirty ... | 1995 | 7544250 |
| adaptation of hepatitis c virus for persistent infection in patients with acute hepatitis. | nucleotide sequencing was used to analyze amino acid substitutions in the putative envelope 1 (e1) and envelope 2/nonstructural 1 (e2/ns1) regions of hepatitis c virus (hcv) to clarify a viral mechanism of persistent infection in three patients with acute hepatitis c who developed chronic hepatitis and two patients with chronic hepatitis. the hcv rna titer in serum decreased markedly after the onset of acute hepatitis and then re-elevated. during this period, the substitution rate in the e2/ns1 ... | 1994 | 7545924 |
| analysis of the core and e1 envelope region sequences of a novel variant of hepatitis c virus obtained in indonesia. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is currently classified into 6 major types, hcv-1 through -6, each of which can be further divided into a few subtypes, e.g., hcv-1a, -1b, -1c, etc., on the basis of sequence variation of the viral genome. the core and e1 envelope regions of hcv genome were amplified from sera of indonesian patients using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. sequence analysis of both core and e1 regions followed by molecular evolutionary phylogenetic analysis identified a nove ... | 1994 | 7545932 |
| trans-complementation of e1-deleted adenovirus: a new vector to reduce the possibility of codissemination of wild-type and recombinant adenoviruses. | treatment of cystic fibrosis by gene therapy will require the development of vectors capable of efficient and safe transfer of a functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) cdna to airway epithelia. to achieve this goal, replication-deficient (e1-) adenoviruses (ad) are promising vectors. we have previously demonstrated efficient cftr gene delivery to the airways of cotton rats and rhesus monkeys using a replication-deficient adenovirus, ad-cftr. here, we have investiga ... | 1995 | 7548271 |
| the constitutive expression of the immunomodulatory gp19k protein in e1-, e3- adenoviral vectors strongly reduces the host cytotoxic t cell response against the vector. | the immune response against cells infected by gene therapy vectors may be a major hindrance for gene therapy, destroying infected cells thus limiting the length of exogene expression and quickly eliminating infected cells on repeat administration. adenoviruses and many other pathogens have evolved strategies for escape from immune surveillance, including the gp19k gene, found in the adenovirus e3 region, known to down-regulate major histocompatibility complex class 1 expression on the cell surfa ... | 1995 | 7552985 |
| an efficient procedure to select and recover recombinant adenovirus vectors. | adenoviruses are efficient gene transfer vectors for a variety of cell types. to date, the most widely used methods to construct recombinant adenoviruses involve either in vitro ligation or recombination between one-half of the virus genome, previously cloned in a plasmid vector and engineered to contain the desired expression cassette, and the other half of the virus genome prepared from virions. although quite effective, these approaches produce viral progeny containing a mixture of recombinan ... | 1995 | 7552986 |
| complementation of a human adenovirus early region 4 deletion mutant in 293 cells using adenovirus-polylysine-dna complexes. | the e1 deleted adenoviral vectors are efficient at gene transfer to cells in culture or in animals. however, their use is limited because of an immune-mediated loss of transduced cells. this immune response is believed to result from low-level production of viral antigens from these vectors after gene transfer. the early region 4 (e4) of adenovirus produces a number of proteins that play an important role in adenoviral and host gene regulation during infection of mammalian cells. there is intere ... | 1995 | 7552990 |
| requirement for natural killer cell-produced interferon gamma in defense against murine cytomegalovirus infection and enhancement of this defense pathway by interleukin 12 administration. | the presence of natural killer (nk) cells contributes to early defense against murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection. although nk cells can mediate in vivo protection against mcmv, the mechanism by which they do so has not been defined. the studies presented here evaluate cytokine production by nk cells activated during mcmv infection and the role of nk cell-produced cytokines in early in vivo antiviral defenses. experiments with normal c57bl/6, t cell-deficient c57bl/6 nude, and severe combin ... | 1995 | 7561678 |