Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| functional analysis of cis- and trans-acting replication factors of porcine circovirus type 1. | the replication proteins rep and rep' of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) are both capable of introducing and resealing strand discontinuities at the viral origin of dna replication in vitro underlying genome amplification by rolling-circle replication. the pcv1 origin of replication encompasses the minimal binding site (mbs) of the rep and rep' proteins and an inverted repeat with the potential to form a stem-loop. in this study, both elements of the pcv1 origin were demonstrated to be essentia ... | 2007 | 17360750 |
| molecular characterization of novel circoviruses from finch and gull. | the purpose of this study was to molecularly characterize circoviruses that infect finches and gulls. circovirus-specific dnas were isolated using polymerase chain reaction methods from bursa of fabricius tissues from a gouldian finch (chloebia gouldiae) and a herring gull (larus argentatus) that were known to be circovirus-infected. nucleotide sequence determination and analysis of cloned genomic dnas showed that these circoviruses represented novel members of the genus circovirus of the family ... | 2007 | 17364513 |
| vaccination of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-infected sows against porcine parvovirus (ppv) and erysipelas: effect on post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and on pcv2 genome load in the offspring. | the effect of different parvovirus+erysipelas vaccination schemes in pcv2-infected sows on pmws outcome in the offspring was investigated under experimental conditions. six pcv2-free sows were first infected oro-nasally with pcv2 two months before insemination (d0; "day 0") and then by the intra-uterine route at insemination (d62). on d21 and d42, vaccinated sows received either the two commercial monovalent vaccines, a1(ppv) and a2(erysipelas), or the bivalent vaccine b (ppv+erysipelas). in add ... | 2007 | 17374380 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 and associated diseases in romania--short communication. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been demonstrated to be the causal agent for postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns). this report describes the first detection of pcv2 and associated diseases in a romanian swine herd located in transylvania. the clinical signs, pathological and histopathological changes observed in affected pigs were similar to those previously described for pdns and pmws. polymerase chain reaction and in situ ... | 2007 | 17385564 |
| immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in an eclectus parrot. | a 2-year-old female solomon island eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus) was evaluated by a veterinarian because of a 4-day history of progressive lethargy, weakness, poor appetite, and inactivity. the bird was referred to a veterinary teaching hospital for further examination. | 2007 | 17397343 |
| a novel method for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2 replicative double stranded viral dna and nonreplicative single stranded viral dna in tissue sections. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), an economically important pathogen of swine, is the necessary cause of post weaning multisystemic wasting disease (pmws); pcv2 infection is associated with porcine dermatitis and nephritis syndrome (pdns). current immunohistochemical (ihc) methodologies identify pcv2 antigens but are not capable of differentiating replicating virus from nonreplicating virion particles in tissue sections. in this paper, a combination of ihc using commercial monoclonal antibodies ... | 2007 | 17402607 |
| quantification of pcv2 capsid transcript in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) in vitro. | the presence of pcv2 dna or spliced capsid mrna (cap mrna) for viral replication was assessed following addition of pcv2 to resting or concanavalin a (cona) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). real-time pcr or real-time rt-pcr assays were used to measure viral dna or cap mrna, respectively. the study demonstrated that pcv2 replication increased in infected pbmcs over time. replication within infected pbmcs was significantly (p<0.05) increased when pbmcs were stimulated with co ... | 2007 | 17418508 |
| a review of viral diseases of the european wild boar: effects of population dynamics and reservoir rôle. | there has been a worldwide increase in the number and geographical spread of wild boar populations in recent decades leading to an increase in both the circulation of disease agents and greater contact with domestic animals and humans. diseases affect the population dynamics of wildlife but the effects of most viral diseases on the european wild boar are largely unknown. many viral diseases present in domestic pig populations are also present in wild boars where they can provide a disease reserv ... | 2008 | 17420149 |
| status of porcine circovirus diseases in western canada. | 2007 | 17436902 | |
| epidemiological investigation of the prevalence and features of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in japan. | to investigate the prevalence and features of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in japan, an epidemiological study was conducted in 692 weaned pigs with various clinical signs, commonly including wasting or weight loss, collected from 129 swine farms between 2000 and 2003. the presence of pmws was diagnosed by the detection of characteristic histological lesions and moderate to large amounts of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) antigen within the lesions in multiple lymphoid tissu ... | 2007 | 17459833 |
| brain lesions in pigs affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | anti-porcine circovirus type 2 (anti-pcv2) immunostaining was associated with cerebellar lymphohistiocytic vasculitis combined with hemorrhages (50 pigs) or with lymphohistiocytic meningitis (23 pigs) in pigs naturally affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the animals originated from 12 farms in rio grande do sul, brazil. in total, 456 unthrifty 3- to 5-month-old postweaning pigs confirmed as pmws cases were necropsied. although most findings mimicked those extensively ... | 2007 | 17459844 |
| genetic analysis of a duck circovirus detected in commercial pekin ducks in new york. | the genetic organization of the duck circovirus (ducv) 33753-52 detected in commercial pekin duck flocks from long island, ny, is described. the nucleotide sequence of virus 33753-52 exhibited high similarity with ducvs previously detected in germany and hungary. it is possible that this ducv from new york shares the same ancestor with the european counterparts. the virus 33753-52 exhibited genetic features characteristic of other circoviruses, such as the presence of two major open reading fram ... | 2007 | 17461272 |
| development and validation of a recombinant capsid protein-based elisa for detection of antibody to porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been recently associated with a number of disease syndromes, especially postweaning multisystemic wasting disease (pmws). herein, an alternative indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of pcv2 antibody was developed using nuclear localization signal-truncated capsid protein of pcv2 produced in escherichia coli (cap elisa). this assay was validated by comparison with an indirect immunofluorescence assay (iif) and a pcv2-based elisa. th ... | 2008 | 17467754 |
| inhibition of porcine circovirus type 1 and type 2 production in pk-15 cells by small interfering rnas targeting the rep gene. | porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) and type 2 (pcv2) are two genotypes of porcine circovirus. both of them are presumed to be widespread in the swine population. currently, there is no specific treatment for their infections. rna interference (rnai) is a sequence-specific rna degradation mechanism mediated by small interfering rna (sirna), which represents a possible therapeutic application for the treatment of viral infections. in this study, three sirna expression plasmids (ps-repa, ps-repb and ... | 2007 | 17467930 |
| solution structure of the endonuclease domain from the master replication initiator protein of the nanovirus faba bean necrotic yellows virus and comparison with the corresponding geminivirus and circovirus structures. | nanoviruses are a family of plant viruses that possess a genome of multiple circular single-stranded dna (ssdna) components and are strikingly similar in their replication mode to the plant geminiviruses and to the circoviruses that infect birds or mammals. these viruses multiply by rolling circle replication using virus-encoded multifunctional replication initiator proteins (rep proteins) that catalyze the initiation of replication on a double-stranded dna (dsdna) intermediate and the resolutio ... | 2007 | 17472345 |
| evidence for recombination in natural populations of porcine circovirus type 2 in hong kong and mainland china. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) belongs to the family circoviridae, and is the causative agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs. in this study, phylogenetic analyses of three complete pcv2 genomic sequences from hong kong suggest that natural recombination happened among different lineages of pcv2. a preliminary investigation of the parental strains of these potential recombinants was carried out using bootscanning. statistical significance of this recombination eve ... | 2007 | 17485533 |
| porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome associated with porcine circovirus 2 infection in a yorkshire pig. | we describe a case of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns) in a 14-wk-old yorkshire pig purchased from a commercial farm for research use. physical examination of the affected animal upon arrival revealed multifocal, red, papular skin lesions on the rump, vulva, perineum, thighs, and lower hindlegs. at necropsy, gross lesions consisted of dermatitis, bilaterally enlarged kidneys and patchy pulmonary congestion. histologic findings included multiorgan necrotizing vasculitis with pro ... | 2007 | 17487958 |
| sequence comparison of pigeon circoviruses. | the genome sequences of eight pigeon circoviruses (picv) were determined and compared with four previously published sequences. the viruses compared were from the usa, five european countries, china and australia and included picvs from racing, feral, ornamental and meat pigeons and a senegal dove (streptopelia senegalensis). the 12 picv genomes, ranging from 2032 to 2040 nucleotides in length, displayed similar organizations. pairwise comparisons showed that the genome nucleotide sequence ident ... | 2008 | 17493647 |
| homologous recombination plays minor role in excision of unit-length viral genomes from head-to-tail direct tandem repeats of porcine circovirus during dna replication in escherichia coli. | in this report, we confirmed previous work that a theta-replicating bacterial plasmid containing 1.75 copies of genomic porcine circovirus (pcv) dna in head-to-tail tandem (htt) [a partial copy of pcv type 1 (pcv1), a complete copy of pcv type 2 (pcv2) and two origins of dna replication (ori)] yielded three different double-stranded dna species when transformed into escherichia coli: the input construct (u), the unit-length pcv1/pcv2 genome with a composite ori lacking the plasmid vector (q(rc)) ... | 2007 | 17497233 |
| genetic diversity of brazilian strains of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) revealed by analysis of the cap gene (orf-2). | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) is associated with a broad range of syndromes. in this study, 19 of 870 samples from pigs from different brazilian states were found to be positive for pcv-2 by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a fragment of 700 nt of the cap gene (orf-2) from the 19 pcv-2-positive samples were sequenced using three pairs of primers (fa/ra, fb/rb and fc/rc). maximum parsimony genealogy with a heuristic algorithm using the 19 field strain studied here, 21 sequences from genbank and pc ... | 2007 | 17497236 |
| construction and characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 carrying a genetic marker strain. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs. to generate a genetic marker strain of pcv2, the full-length genome of the virus was amplified using pcr, and two copies of the genome were ligated in tandem to construct an infectious molecular clone. a sal i restriction enzyme site was inserted into the clone as a genetic marker, and the recombinant plasmid was transfected into porcine kidney cells to generate mutant virus. t ... | 2007 | 17499377 |
| porcine circovirus 2 replication in colostrum-deprived piglets following experimental infection and immune stimulation using a modified live vaccine against porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection is now recognized as the major factor in the development of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). although koch's postulates have been fulfilled for pcv2 and pmws, the severe clinical expression of the disease observed in field cases has been difficult to reproduce experimentally. some studies have demonstrated that immune stimulation associated with the use of some commercially available swine vaccines may trigger progression of pcv2 infe ... | 2007 | 17542965 |
| spatiotemporal patterns and risks of herd breakdowns in pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | a retrospective cohort study of 116 british pig farms was undertaken to investigate the epidemiological risk factors associated with herd breakdowns with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). farmers reported the pmws status of their herd (case definition 1) and, where applicable, when the disease was first suspected and what they observed; they described a prolonged increase in mortality in six to 16-week-old pigs that was not attributable to any disease known to be on their farm. ... | 2007 | 17545645 |
| the orf3 protein of porcine circovirus type 2 interacts with porcine ubiquitin e3 ligase pirh2 and facilitates p53 expression in viral infection. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of an emerging swine disease, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. we previously showed that a newly identified protein, orf3, plays a major role in virus-induced apoptosis and is involved in viral pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo. to characterize the role of the orf3 protein in modulation of cellular function, a yeast two-hybrid system was used to screen a porcine cdna library to find its interacting partner. we have isolat ... | 2007 | 17581998 |
| transient correlation between viremia levels and il-10 expression in pigs subclinically infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). | immunological impairment by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection is well documented in pigs suffering from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. nonetheless, little is known about immune status of pigs that remain pcv2 subclinically infected. thus, seven pigs successfully infected in an experimental inoculation and without developing disease and nine control non-inoculated pigs were examined. serological, virological and immunological determinations were done throughout ten weeks pos ... | 2008 | 17592737 |
| [monitoring of infectious diseases among wild boars]. | sixty-seven serum samples and 43 pathological material samples from wild boars, taken in 5 regions of russia and in the kharkov region of the ukraine in 2002 to 2005 were studied. wild boars in some regions of russia were shown to be carriers of aujeszky's disease virus, porcine parvovirus, porcine circovirus type 2, lymphotropic herpesvirus-1, porcine cytomegalovirus, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and pasteurella multocida. the classical swine fever (csf) virus genome was detected by polymerase chai ... | 2007 | 17601049 |
| association of myocarditis with high viral load of porcine circovirus type 2 in several tissues in cases of fetal death and high mortality in piglets. a case study. | during a period of 1.5 months, a newly established pig herd experienced a high number of mummifications and stillbirths, a high neonatal mortality rate, and many piglets with congenital tremors or hind leg ataxia. after clinical and histological investigations, the submitted animals were divided into 4 groups: mummified or stillborn (n = 6), live born with myocarditis (n = 5) (average age 22.8 days), live born without myocarditis (n = 14) (average age 20.0 days), and control animals from a diffe ... | 2007 | 17609345 |
| detection of neutralizing antibodies in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected and non-pmws-affected pigs. | the notion that postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected pigs develop an impaired humoral response against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been reported in several studies. however, little information is available regarding the presence of neutralizing antibodies (na) in pcv2-infected pigs and their role in the pathogenesis of the disease. the aim of the present work was to further characterize the humoral response, and in particular the production of na, in pigs with diff ... | 2007 | 17611048 |
| genome analysis and epidemiological investigation of goose circovirus detected in eastern china. | goose circovirus (gocv), a potential immuno-suppressive virus, was detected in a sample collected from yongkang avian influenza (ai) case in zhejiang province of eastern china. further, epidemiological investigation showed that, four farms located in the two major rearing areas of yongkang and xiangshan out of eight in zhejiang province were positive for gocv. however, the geese in these gocv positive farms exhibited no apparent clinical abnormality. the complete genomes of ten isolates from yon ... | 2007 | 17619136 |
| reovirus infections associated with high mortality in psittaciformes in the netherlands. | in the netherlands between january 2002 and december 2004, numerous psittaciformes died showing severe splenomegaly and hepatomegaly with multifocal acute necrosis. at the start of the outbreaks mostly parakeets were affected, but later larger parrots were also involved. seventy-eight birds showed the same features and six were examined completely, including a virological examination. tests for polyomavirus, pacheco's disease (herpesvirus) and circovirus psittacine beak and feather disease (pbfd ... | 2007 | 17620175 |
| ontogeny of systemic cellular immunity in the neonatal pig: correlation with the development of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | the aetiology of porcine post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is poorly understood. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) is an essential component of the experimental disease model for pmws: however, evidence from experimental and field studies indicates that additional factors play a critical role in the aetiopathogenesis of pmws. current candidates include (1) immune stimulation (for example, via co-infection or vaccination), and (2) a novel infectious agent. a prospective, longitud ... | 2007 | 17629574 |
| a new method to identify cell types that support porcine circovirus type 2 replication in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded swine tissues. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is detected in high amounts within the characteristic microscopic lesions of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) affected pigs. in spite of recent advances on disease pathogenesis, the precise cell types that support viral replication are still a major issue of scientific discussion. in this study, a new methodology to detect cell types that support pcv2 replication was designed. for this purpose, two in situ hybridisation (ish) methods were develop ... | 2007 | 17640741 |
| performance of fattening pigs in a farm infected with both porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus and porcine circovirus type 2 following sow and piglet vaccination with an attenuated prrs vaccine. | the purpose of the study was to investigate whether, on farms with both post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs), the prrs vaccination of sows and their fattening pigs protects against these syndromes. in a farrow-to-finish pig farm with a history of prrs and pmws, 200 gilts and sows were allocated to one of two groups of equal size. the first group (c-sow group) was used as untreated controls, while the animals of the second gro ... | 2007 | 17650147 |
| survey of porcine circovirus 2 and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in new south wales piggeries. | to determine if postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is occurring in the new south wales pig population and to determine the current and past seroprevalence of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2). | 2007 | 17685974 |
| genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in republic of korea. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a major causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). sequence and phylogenetic analyses based on the orf2 capsid protein gene fragment showed that field isolate in republic of korea (rok), pcv2 yjk 0703, was closely related with the pcv2 fh18 isolate. pcv2 yjk 0703 was genetically distinct and not related to previously reported rok isolates. therefore, genotypic variation exists among prevailing pcv2 in rok. this result suggests that s ... | 2008 | 17698155 |
| phylogenetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in pmws and pdns korean pigs between 1999 and 2006. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been associated with several disease outcomes in swine, primarily postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome (pdns). over an 8-year period (1999-2006), we detected 36 pcv2 strains from pmws and pdns cases. complete genes of the detected pcv2 strains were sequenced and analyzed. the sequences encoding a putative capsid protein, orf2, of 233 pcv2 strains, isolated in korea and throughout the world, could be div ... | 2007 | 17706315 |
| immunogenicity of porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein targeting to different subcellular compartments. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is known to be associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), an emerging disease in swine. the development of effective vaccines against pcv2 infection has been accepted as an important strategy in the prophylaxis of pmws, and a dna vaccine expressing the major immunogenic capsid (cap) protein of pcv2 is considered to be a promising candidate. however, recent studies have revealed that interferons (ifns), especially ifn-gamma, can enhance th ... | 2008 | 17709139 |
| effect of a porcine circovirus type 2 infection on embryos during early pregnancy. | the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) on porcine embryos and their receptor sows during the first 21 days of pregnancy. hatched blastocysts exposed to 10(5.0) tcid50 pcv2 per ml (strain 1121, fifth passage pk15) and negative control embryos were transferred to pcv2-immune receptor sows at the 7th day of the cycle. two weeks after transfer (d21), the receptor sows were euthanized and embryos were recovered. they were assessed macroscopically fo ... | 2007 | 17719623 |
| mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterins and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection: induction of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in the gnotobiotic swine model of pcv2-associated disease. | groups (5 to 15 per group) of gnotobiotic swine were infected oronasally with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) at 3 days of age and then given 1 of 6 different commercial mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (m. hyopneumoniae) bacterins as either a single dose (7 d of age, 1 application products) or 2 doses (7 and 21 d of age, 2 application product). control groups received pcv2 alone (n = 9) or were infected with pcv2 and immunized twice with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh) emulsified in incomplete freund' ... | 2007 | 17824156 |
| the emergence of porcine circovirus 2b genotype (pcv-2b) in swine in canada. | since late 2004, the swine industry in the province of quebec has experienced a significant increase in death rate related to postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). to explain this phenomenon, 2 hypotheses were formulated: 1) the presence of a 2nd pathogen could be exacerbating the porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) infection, or 2) a new and more virulent pcv-2 strain could be infecting swine. in 2005, 13 pmws cases were submitted to the quebec provincial diagnostic laboratory and pcv-2 w ... | 2007 | 17824323 |
| porcine circovirus type 2-associated cerebellar vasculitis in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected pigs. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is associated with several syndromes in growing pigs, including postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. in the present study, a previously undescribed neurovascular disorder associated with a pcv2 infection is described. sixteen pigs showed clinical signs of wasting and neurologic deficits. acute hemorrhages and edema of cerebellar meninges and parenchyma due to a necrotizing vasculitis resulted in degeneration ... | 2007 | 17846234 |
| virucidal efficacy of nine commercial disinfectants against porcine circovirus type 2. | a number of commercially available disinfectants are commonly used on pig breeding farms and are authorised by the french agricultural ministry. however, the efficacy of these disinfectants is unknown with regard to the emergent porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). the virucidal efficacy of nine disinfectants was evaluated by testing a suspension of pcv2 isolated in france. the assays were performed at 20 degrees c and the efficacy determined after 30 min contact time between virus and disinfectant ... | 2008 | 17851101 |
| genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) from pigs in high-seroprevalence areas in southeastern china. | increasing evidences indicate that porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of the post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in this study, the prevalence of pcv2 infection in swine herds in southeastern china was investigated by elisa and pcr, as well as the genetic characteristics by nucleic acid sequencing. seroprevalence of pcv2 in samples collected from 89 swine herds was significantly higher by elisa in post-weaning (54.1%) and growing piglets (49.9%) than that of ... | 2007 | 17851745 |
| first description of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in wild boar (sus scrofa) in croatia and phylogenetic analysis of partial pcv2 sequences. | this report describes the first case of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in wild boar in croatia. during the winter season of 2004, eight wild young piglets (of approximately 2 to 5 months of age) were found dead in a fenced hunting area. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was carried out on mesenteric lymph nodes and all animals yielded positive results. in one of these animals diagnosis of pmws was established based on the three key diagnostic criteria including the clinical mani ... | 2007 | 17867466 |
| thermal stability of porcine circovirus type 2 in cell culture. | international trade in pig meat has resulted in some countries placing restrictions on the importation of pig meat, with requirements for cooking of imported meat to destroy viral agents. this study investigated the in vitro resistance of an australian strain of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the causative agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), to heat treatment. the viability of the virus in cell cultures was determined by a combination of reverse transcriptase polymera ... | 2008 | 17889378 |
| enhanced replication of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in a homogeneous subpopulation of pk15 cell line. | post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (pmws) has emerged as a major disease that poses a significant threat to the economics of global swine industry. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causal agent of pmws in pigs. currently, the prevention of pcv2 infection based on vaccines is limited, and the available vaccines are either killed viral vaccines or recombinant protein based vaccines and not cost effective. the pk-15 cells, which is widely used for pcv2 propagation, is not efficient ... | 2007 | 17889922 |
| mortality in pigs given porcine circovirus type 2 subgroup 1 and 2 viruses derived from dna clones. | 2007 | 17890775 | |
| creation of diversity in the animal virus world by inter-species and intra-species recombinations: lessons learned from poultry viruses. | the biological diversity within viruses is one of the largest found in all other forms of nature. many mechanisms contribute to virus diversity and include incorporating genetic material from the host, recombination between viruses belonging to the same or to a different family, and even recombination between viruses normally infecting different hosts. in particular, avian viruses can utilize all three of these mechanisms to generate new viruses. it is well documented that recombinations can occ ... | 2008 | 17922180 |
| [transmission of agents of the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) between swine herds: a review. part 1--diagnosis, transmission by animal contact]. | knowledge on the different ways of transmitting prdc pathogens (prrsv, influenza virus a, pcv 2, m. hyopneumoniae, a. pleuropneumoniae) between swine herds is of special interest for the development of biosecurity measures or the retrospective risk analysis in the framework of activities of the consulting veterinarian. in this literature review the current knowledge of the transmission of prdc-pathogens is summarized. since the assessment of investigations into pathogen detection in detail is in ... | 2007 | 17927073 |
| the prevalence of beak and feather disease virus infection in wild populations of parrots and cockatoos in new zealand. | to determine the prevalence of beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) infection in exotic parrots and cockatoos in the wild in new zealand. | 2007 | 17928900 |
| t lymphocyte epitope mapping of porcine circovirus type 2. | immunoreactive t lymphocyte epitopes within the orf1, orf2, and orf 3 products of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) were mapped. for this, overlapping linear 20-mer peptides were synthesized and tested for their ability to induce t lymphocyte proliferation in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) isolated from experimentally pcv2-infected pigs. after a preliminary screening of 31 (orf1), 23 (orf2), and 10 (orf3) peptides using pbmcs from 4 pcv2-infected pigs, none of the peptides app ... | 2007 | 17931109 |
| development and applications of a monoclonal antibody to a recombinant beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) capsid protein. | the development of diagnostic assays for detecting beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) has traditionally been hampered by the difficulty associated with producing suitable reagents, namely purified virus and polyclonal antibodies. in an effort to develop a consistent and standardised source of antibody, a monoclonal antibody to a recombinant bfdv capsid protein has been developed and its use in western blotting, immunohistochemistry (ihc), elisa and haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) assays cha ... | 2008 | 17942162 |
| studies on the aetiology of non-suppurative encephalitis in pigs. | thirty-eight natural cases of aetiologically unclear non-suppurative encephalitis in pigs were studied retrospectively. brain samples were examined for the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine enteroviruses (pevs), ovine herpesvirus type 2 (ovhv-2), borna disease virus (bdv) and suid herpesvirus type 1 (suhv-1) by molecular biological and immunohistochemical methods. histological examination of the brains revealed var ... | 2007 | 17951563 |
| [transmission of agents of the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) between swine herds: a review. part 2--pathogen transmission via semen, air and living/nonliving vectors]. | the transmission of prdc-pathogens (prrsv, influenza virus a, pcv2, m. hyopneumoniae, a. pleuropneumoniae) between swine herds, which was summarized in the first part of the review, mainly occurs via pig movement. the risk of pathogen transmission by insemination with contaminated semen plays only a relevant role in the infection with prrsv and pcv2. a risk of the aerogen transmission of pathogens between herds within a distance of 2 to 3 km is described for m. hyopneumoniae and prrsv. evidence ... | 2007 | 17970334 |
| development of a novel hot-start multiplex pcr for simultaneous detection of classical swine fever virus, african swine fever virus, porcine circovirus type 2, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine parvovirus. | a novel hot-start multiplex pcr (mpcr) assay was developed and subsequently evaluated for its effectiveness in simultaneously detecting multiple viral infections of swine. specific primers for each of five virus genomes, namely classical swine fever virus (csfv), african swine fever virus (asfv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine parvovirus (ppv) were used. combined nucleic acid purification was carried out using a commercia ... | 2008 | 17975735 |
| molecular diversity of brazilian strains of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2). | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) is associated with a broad range of syndromes. in this study, eight pig tissue samples from two brazilian states were analyzed using six pcr primer pairs amplifying a 1705-bp fragment of the pcv-2 genome. the nj distance-based method was used for the phylogenetic analysis with the eight field strains herein, 15 genbank sequences and using pcv-1 as an out-group. this yielded two major clusters (a and b) for this viral species, with the brazilian strains segregating wi ... | 2008 | 17976668 |
| a proposal on porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) genotype definition and their relation with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) occurrence. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the essential infectious agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). despite first sequencing studies did not find any association between pcv2 sequences and pmws occurrence, recent works have suggested the opposite. in the present study, 87 open reading frame 2 (orf2) sequences obtained from pigs with different clinical conditions and coming from farms with different pmws status were analyzed. results further confirmed the existence of two gen ... | 2008 | 17976930 |
| genomic analysis of pcv2 isolates from danish archives and a current pmws case-control study supports a shift in genotypes with time. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs. pcv2, however, is found in both pmws-affected herds and non-affected herds. the objective of this study was to clarify if pcv2 genome nucleotide sequences isolated from pigs from pmws-affected herds and non-affected herds cluster phylogenetically in two separate groups. all isolates (45) belonged to pcv2 group 1 and shared a nucleotide sequence identity of 99.4-100% indicating a ve ... | 2008 | 17996404 |
| expression of the porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein subunits and application to an indirect elisa. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is considered to be associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), which is a newly emerged economically important swine disease. the entire coding region of open reading frame 2 (orf2), encoding the viral capsid protein (cap), of pcv2 was cloned and sequenced from the clinical specimen obtained from pmws-affected piglets. six recombinant subunits, a-f, spanning the defined regions of cap were produced by e. coli expression system and used as ... | 2008 | 17996970 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 associated disease: update on current terminology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and intervention strategies. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-associated disease (pcvad) continues to be an important differential diagnosis on pig farms in the united states and worldwide. case trend analyses indicate that the incidence of pcvad is on the rise in the united states. accurate diagnosis is important in order to implement appropriate intervention strategies. pcvad can manifest as a systemic disease, as part of the respiratory disease complex, as an enteric disease, as porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrom ... | 2007 | 17998548 |
| temporal distribution of porcine circovirus 2 genogroups recovered from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome affected and nonaffected farms in ireland and northern ireland. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is now recognized as the essential infectious component of porcine postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). pmws was first recognized in high-status, specific pathogen-free pigs in canada in 1991 and is now an economically important disease that affects the swine industry around the world. recently, reports of genomic studies on pcv2 viruses indicated that 2 distinctive genogroups of pcv2 exist.4,10 this report involves the results of a study on the dis ... | 2007 | 17998555 |
| inhibition of endosome-lysosome system acidification enhances porcine circovirus 2 infection of porcine epithelial cells. | recently, misinzo et al. (g. misinzo, p. meerts, m. bublot, j. mast, h. m. weingartl, and h. j. nauwynck, j. gen. virol. 86:2057-2068, 2005) reported that inhibiting endosome-lysosome system acidification reduced porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) infection of monocytic 3d4/31 cells. the present study examined the effect of inhibiting endosome-lysosome system acidification in epithelial cells, since epithelial cells support pcv2 infection in vivo and are used in culturing pcv2 in vitro. ammonium chlori ... | 2008 | 18032516 |
| descriptive summary of an outbreak of porcine post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws ) in new zealand. | investigations were conducted to determine the cause of an acute, multi-farm outbreak of porcine respiratory disease that included diarrhoea and subsequent loss of body condition in affected pigs. a definition for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) including both clinical and pathological features, previously developed for the pig industry in new zealand, was applied to the current outbreak. in addition to self-reporting by owners of affected farms, local veterinarians, disease a ... | 2007 | 18059655 |
| evidence for recombination between pcv2a and pcv2b in the field. | genomic sequence analysis demonstrates that porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) isolates are divided into distinct genotypes. historically, swine herds in the u.s. have been infected with the pcv2a genotype. in 2005, pcv2b was identified in north america and with it increased reports of porcine circovirus disease (pcvd). a differential pcr technique incorporating pcv2 genotype-specific primers was used in the clinical diagnosis of pcvd. a set of 97 diagnostic submissions showed that both pcv2a and ... | 2008 | 18061696 |
| pathologic findings in racing pigeons (columba livia domestica) with "young bird sickness". | "young bird sickness" is a term used by racing pigeon fanciers to describe a condition that has occurred regularly in recent years and affects pigeons (columba livia domestica) in their first year of life. it is characterized by slow crop emptying, regurgitation, diarrhea, weight loss, poor performance, and occasionally death. little scientific information is known about this syndrome to differentiate it from other diseases that occur in young pigeons. in this study, 1 bird from each of 9 lofts ... | 2007 | 18069166 |
| increased yield of porcine circovirus-2 by a combined treatment of pk-15 cells with interferon-gamma and inhibitors of endosomal-lysosomal system acidification. | treatment of porcine kidney (pk-15) cells with either interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) or endosomal- lysosomal system acidification inhibitors increases replication of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). in the present study, the effect of a combination of these treatments on the number of infected cells and virus yield was tested. the number of pcv2 (stoon-1010)-infected pk-15 cells increased in cells treated with ammonium chloride (445 +/- 39% increase), ifn-gamma (446 +/- 8%), ammonium chloride + i ... | 2008 | 18080797 |
| detection of a novel circovirus in mute swans (cygnus olor) by using nested broad-spectrum pcr. | circoviruses are the causative agents of acute and chronic diseases in several animal species. clinical symptoms of circovirus infections range from depression and diarrhoea to immunosuppression and feather disorders in birds. eleven different members of the genus circovirus are known so far, which infect pigs and birds in a species-specific manner. here, a nested pcr was developed for the detection of a broad range of different circoviruses in clinical samples. using this assay, a novel circovi ... | 2008 | 18082907 |
| antigenic differences among porcine circovirus type 2 strains, as demonstrated by the use of monoclonal antibodies. | this study examined whether antigenic differences among porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) strains could be detected using monoclonal antibodies (mabs). a subtractive immunization protocol was used for the genotype 2 post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-associated pcv-2 strain stoon-1,010. sixteen stable hybridomas that produced mabs with an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma) titre of 1,000 or more to stoon-1,010 were obtained. staining of recombinant pcv-2 virus-like particles ... | 2008 | 18089741 |
| nucleotide sequence polymorphism in circoviruses. | analysis of nucleotide diversity within six species of circovirus showed consistently stronger purifying selection at nonsynonymous sites in the rep gene than on those in the cap gene. in addition, synonymous nucleotide diversity in the rep gene was significantly lower than that in the cap gene, suggesting functional constraint even at synonymous sites in rep, which was associated in all six species with strongly negative at-skew. of the six virus species examined, four species showed evidence o ... | 2008 | 18093882 |
| influence of maternal antibodies on efficacy of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination to protect pigs from experimental infection with pcv2. | due to the ubiquitous nature of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in the pig population and the increasing use of pcv2 vaccines in breeding herds, the majority of dams have been exposed to field pcv2 or pcv2 vaccines, resulting in piglets with varied levels of passively acquired pcv2 maternal antibodies. the objective of the current research was to investigate the influence of passively acquired anti-pcv2 antibodies on pcv2 vaccine efficacy. sixty 26-day-old pigs were divided into four groups: va ... | 2008 | 18094109 |
| examination for a viral co-factor in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). | in order to test the hypothesis that a putative co-factor for the development of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs could be of viral origin, we performed extensive virological examinations on organ material from pigs diagnosed with pmws originating from within a danish pmws-transmission study. virus isolation attempts were carried out on a large panel of different cell types including primary pig kidney cells and lung macrophages, primary rabbit kidney cells and seven est ... | 2008 | 18155366 |
| lack of in vitro and in vivo effects of lipopolysaccharide on porcine circovirus type 2 infection. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the presence of immunostimulating factors or concurrent infections seems to be crucial for pmws development. lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a potent immunological activator and has recently been suggested to enhance pcv2 replication in vitro. this study was designed to evaluate the effects of different lps products on pcv2 in vitro replication of pulmonary macrophages (pms), and on the pote ... | 2007 | 18158728 |
| changes in peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations in piglets co-infected experimentally with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) are pathogens, which can significantly affect the swine industry worldwide. field surveys suggest that simultaneous prrsv and pcv2 infection is common in pigs. the objective of this study was to measure the changes in peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations in piglets co-infected experimentally with prrsv and pcv2, in order to analyze the synergistic influence of co-infection on the immune system. ... | 2008 | 18164875 |
| mapping of the nuclear localization signals in open reading frame 2 protein from porcine circovirus type 1. | porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) contains two major open reading frames encoding the replication-associated proteins and the major structural capsid (cap) protein. pcv1 cap has an n-terminus carrying several potential monopartite or bipartite nuclear localization signals (nls). the contribution of these partially overlapping motifs to nuclear importing was identified by expression of mutated pcv1 cap versions fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp). the c-terminus truncated pcv1 cap-e ... | 2008 | 18180855 |
| elimination of false-positive polymerase chain reaction results resulting from hole punch carryover contamination. | the collection of biological material (e.g., blood) directly onto filter paper for subsequent use in laboratory assays such as polymerase chain reaction (pcr), has become a common practice. dried cells or fluid on the paper can be readily rehydrated and retrieved into a standard volume of an appropriate elution buffer but introduces a dilution factor to the sample. the use of a common cutting instrument for excising a standard-sized piece of paper that contains the material also introduces the p ... | 2008 | 18182510 |
| characterization of interstitial nephritis in pigs with naturally occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | kidney samples with interstitial nephritis from 26 pigs affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) were selected. a histologic evaluation was carried out to describe the type of inflammation and its relationship with viral load, as assessed by in situ hybridization (ish). of 26 cases, 10 revealed a tubulointerstitial, lymphoplasmacytic nephritis, 11 an interstitial granulomatous nephritis, and 5 both types of inflammation (mixed type). in 4 cases of granulomatous inflammation, ... | 2008 | 18192569 |
| adenovirus-mediated shrna interference against porcine circovirus type 2 replication both in vitro and in vivo. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of an emerging swine disease, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), which is responsible for the heavy economic losses in stockbreeding. there are no specific antiviral drugs for treatment of the virus infection. we have now constructed two recombinant adenoviruses expressing short-hairpin rnas (shrnas) directed against either orf1 (rads1) or orf2 (rads2) of pcv2 and measured the inhibition of pcv2 replication. the resu ... | 2008 | 18199493 |
| beak and feather disease virus infection in cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicus). | psittacine beak and feather disease is known to occur in a wide range of psittacine species; however, there are no scientific or credible anecdotal reports of psittacine beak and feather disease occurring in the cockatiel (nymphicus hollandicus) despite it being one of the world's most commonly kept companion bird species. consequently, this has resulted in speculation that the species may have some innate resistance to beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) infection. to investigate this hypothe ... | 2008 | 18202953 |
| rapid detection of pigeon herpesvirus, fowl adenovirus and pigeon circovirus in young racing pigeons by multiplex pcr. | infections of young racing pigeons with pigeon herpesvirus (pihv), fowl adenovirus (fadv) and pigeon circovirus (picv) are reported frequently. the role of these viruses in the pathogenesis of a disease complex called young pigeon disease syndrome (ypds) is generally accepted. all of these viruses cause inclusion bodies in the liver so liver samples are particularly useful for the detection of infection. consequently a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed for the detection of ... | 2008 | 18215428 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination of conventional pigs prevents viremia against pcv2 isolates of different genotypes and geographic origins. | the efficacy of recently developed porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccines has not been tested yet against pcv2 isolates of the two proposed genotypes. in the present work, the efficacy of a subunit vaccine containing pcv2 capsid protein was evaluated by using a challenge model with four different pcv2 isolates of different genotype and geographic origin. the vaccine prevented the development of viremia in all cases as well as significantly decreased nasal and faecal shedding of the virus. als ... | 2008 | 18237827 |
| psittacine circovirus infection in parakeets of the genus eunymphicus and treatment with beta-(1,3/1,6)-d-glucan. | eight captive-bred horned parakeets (eunymphicus cornutus) and four captive-bred major mitchell cockatoos (cacatua leadbeateri) from the same aviary tested positive for psittacine circovirus (pscv) dna in whole blood by nested-polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the chronic form of disease with feather fragility and loss was observed in three horned parakeets. infection in other individuals was subclinical. immunosuppression, either hematologically or as susceptibility to secondary infections, was ... | 2007 | 18251415 |
| a survey on porcine circovirus type 2 infection and phylogenetic analysis of its orf2 gene in hangzhou, zhejiang province, china. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is closely related to the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in this study, the pig serum and tissue samples collected from different regions of hangzhou district in zhejiang province of china between 2003 and 2005 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for pcv2 antibody and by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for orf2 gene. the results show that out of 1250 randomly collected serum samples, 500 sera (40%) were seropositive for ... | 2008 | 18257137 |
| prevalence of pcv2 in austrian and german boars and semen used for artificial insemination. | since epidemiologically-based science on pcv2 in porcine semen is patchy, we investigated 806 austrian (a) and german (g) ai boars from five studs, and boars from austrian farms used for on-farm semen collection, for the presence for igg/igm in blood by elisa (n=754) as well as for pcv2 dna in semen (n=472) and if positive, also in blood of a few boars by nested pcr and sequencing. a total of 420 boars were tested for both pcv2 in semen and antibodies in blood. boars were aged between 8 and 82 m ... | 2008 | 18258294 |
| postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in sweden from an exotic to an endemic disease. | postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is causally associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection of pigs. pcv2 was first demonstrated in swedish pigs in 1993, although the virus was almost certainly present in pigs in the country before that. despite this, no signs of pmws were observed in pigs of sweden until the first outbreak was reported in 2003. the accumulated number of pmws-affected herds have increased via 16 (2004) and 41 (2005) to 123 in december 2006. of these ... | 2007 | 18265702 |
| porcine circovirus type 2-induced interleukin-10 modulates recall antigen responses. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the necessary agent for the occurrence of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs. it has been suggested that pmws-affected pigs are immunosuppressed and, therefore, more prone to develop co-infections. in this study, we elucidated that pcv2 downregulates in vitro the immune cell functions during recall antigen responses. we showed that pcv2, but not the non-pathogenic porcine circovirus type 1, induces interleukin (il)-10 secretion by monoc ... | 2008 | 18272768 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) viral components immunomodulate recall antigen responses. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a single-stranded circular dna virus infecting domestic pigs worldwide. interaction of this virus with the immune system apparently modulates the immune response of the host. in the present study, the implication of different components of pcv2 in the modulation of the immune response of the host were investigated by using pcv2 viral-like particles (vlps) and 16 novel oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing cpg motifs (cpg-odns) based on the pcv2 genomic sequence ... | 2008 | 18304652 |
| the effect of vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 in pigs suffering from porcine respiratory disease complex. | a field study was conducted to investigate the effect of vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in pigs suffering from porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc). a total of 1542 pigs were allocated randomly into two treatment groups at approximately 20 days of age. groups received either a baculovirus-expressed recombinant pcv2 open reading frame (orf) 2 vaccine or placebo by single intramuscular injection. median onset of pcv2 viraemia and respiratory signs occurred when animals ... | 2008 | 18304705 |
| associations between pathogens in healthy pigs and pigs with pneumonia. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between different pathogens in the development of pneumonia and bronchopneumonia in pigs. samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 100 pigs showing no clinical signs and 239 pigs with clinical signs of respiratory disease were examined for mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, mycoplasma hyorhinis, us-type porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv), eu-type prrsv, porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), influenza virus type a, alpha-haem ... | 2008 | 18310558 |
| characterization and potential use of truncated pcv2 capsid protein and its polyclonal antibody for diagnosis of pcv2 infections. | as porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) orf2 encodes the major structural protein (capsid) that is closely related to the pathogenesis, the capsid (cap) protein could be used as a target antigen for serological analysis. the immunoactivities of the truncated capsid proteins containing immunogenic epitopes of pcv2 (cap2s) or pcv1 (cap1s) expressed in escherichia coli were described, as well as the characteristic of their polyclonal antibodies in diagnosis of pcv2 infection. western blot analysis revealed ... | 2008 | 18338582 |
| effects of fermentation products of ganoderma lucidum on growth performance and immunocompetence in weanling pigs. | the purpose of this study was to test fermentation, for its products of a chinese medicinal mushroom, ganoderma lucidum, cultured by submerged fermentation for its effect on growth performance and immunocompetence in weanling piglets. in experiment 1, 72 weanling piglets were allotted to one of four treatments receiving these fermentation products (glf, expressed as amount of beta-glucans) at 0 (control), 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg feed for 4 weeks. the results showed that at a supplementation level ... | 2008 | 18341077 |
| a field evaluation of mortality rate and growth performance in pigs vaccinated against porcine circovirus type 2. | to evaluate, under field conditions, the effects of a commercial porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccine on mortality rate and growth performance in a herd infected with pcv2 that had a history of porcine circovirus disease. | 2008 | 18341450 |
| phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) pre- and post-epizootic postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). | the porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) genome encodes three major open reading frames (orfs) encoding the replicase proteins (orf1), the viral capsid protein (orf2), and a protein with suggested apoptotic activity (orf3). previous phylogenetic analyses of complete genome sequences of pcv2 from genbank have demonstrated 95-100% intra-group nucleotide sequence identity. however, although these isolates were readily grouped into clusters and clades, there was no correlation between the occurrence of ... | 2008 | 18343985 |
| development and validation of a duplex real-time pcr assay for the simultaneous detection and quantification of porcine circovirus type 2 and an internal control on porcine semen samples. | a duplex real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) method for the simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and an exogenous internal positive control (ipc) in porcine semen samples was developed. the ipc was included to monitor dna extraction and pcr inhibition and consisted of a mutated pcv2 plasmid clone which differed from the target pcv2 in the probe binding region and thus was detected by the use of a second probe with different end-labeling. the sensitivity, specificity and repea ... | 2008 | 18355929 |
| rapid detection of porcine circovirus type 2 by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | a method of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) was employed to develop a rapid and simple detection system for porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). the amplification could be finished in 60 min under isothermal condition at 64 degrees c by employing a set of four primers targeting the cap gene of pcv2. the lamp assay showed higher sensitivity than the conventional pcr, with a detection limit of five copies per tube of purified pcv2 genomic dna. no cross-reactivity was observed from the s ... | 2008 | 18355932 |
| development of recombinant porcine parvovirus-like particles as an antigen carrier formed by the hybrid vp2 protein carrying immunoreactive epitope of porcine circovirus type 2. | virus-like particles (vlps) are non-replicative vectors for delivery of heterologous epitopes and induction of immune responses. in this study, a self-assembled porcine parvovirus (ppv) vp2 capsid protein [ppv:vlp-(pcv2)] carrying immunoreactive epitopes, residues 165-200 from the porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) virus nucleoprotein was constructed. immunogenicity study was carried out with hybrid vlps derived from hek-293 cells infected with recombinant adenovirus vectors. to our knowledge, this stu ... | 2008 | 18378364 |
| comparison of three template preparation methods for routine detection of beak and feather disease virus and avian polyomavirus with single and nested polymerase chain reaction in clinical specimens. | direct comparisons are important when assessing the value of dna extraction methods for diagnostic virology as the inhibitors present and the efficiency of extraction vary with the target infectious agent as well as the species and the site from which the clinical sample was obtained. three dna extraction methods were compared for routine polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection of beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) in whole blood and feather samples and of avian polyomavirus (apv) in feathe ... | 2008 | 18393092 |
| construction and immunogenicity of recombinant pseudotype baculovirus expressing the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 in mice. | baculovirus has emerged recently as a novel and attractive gene delivery vehicle for mammalian cells. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is known to be associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), an emerging swine disease which results in tremendous economic losses. in this study, baculovirus pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (vsv-g) was used as a vector to express capsid (cap) protein, the most important immunogen of pcv2, under the transcriptional c ... | 2008 | 18394722 |
| proliferative and necrotising pneumonia and severe vascular lesions in pigs naturally infected with porcine circovirus type 2. | severe disease induced by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was observed in three pigs originating from a large herd affected by respiratory and digestive signs as well as wasting. proliferative and necrotising pneumonia (pnp) was diagnosed in two animals, while severe acute interstitial pneumonia characterised by the presence of abundant hyaline membrane in the alveoli and fibrin in the bronchioles was found in one pig. in all cases, large amounts of pcv2 antigen were found in each tissue sample ... | 2008 | 18401960 |
| detection and analysis of porcine circovirus type 1 in hungarian wild boars: short communication. | porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) is considered to be a non-pathogenic virus detected in cell cultures, vaccines or products used for cell culture preparations, all of them of porcine origin. serological evidence and genetic studies suggested that pcv1 was widespread in domestic pigs. the presence of pcv1 in wild boars in germany was also described using serological methods. this paper reports the first detection of pcv1 in hungarian wild boars. samples were collected at slaughterhouses and proce ... | 2008 | 18401965 |
| expression of the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 in lactococcus lactis for oral vaccination. | diseases associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infections are becoming a major problem for the swine industry worldwide. the capsid protein (cap) of pcv2 is an antigen important for both early diagnosis and development of vaccines. in this study, lactococcus lactis was used as vehicle to deliver the pcv2 antigen in an attempt to develop oral vaccine. a cap gene with a deleted nuclear localization signal sequence (dcap) was cloned into an escherichia coli/l. lactis shuttle vector psec: ... | 2008 | 18406475 |