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direct sample preparation methods for the detection of plum pox virus by real-time rt-pcr.direct systems to process plant materials allowed high-throughput testing of plum pox virus (ppv) by real-time reverse transcription (rt)-pcr without nucleic acids purification. crude plant extracts were diluted in buffer or spotted on membranes to be used as templates. alternatively, immobilized ppv targets were amplified from fresh sections of plant tissues printed or squashed onto the same supports, without extract preparation. spot real-time rt-pcr was validated as a ppv diagnostic method in ...200919440977
multiplex pcr and multiplex rt-pcr for inclusive detection of major swine dna and rna viruses in pigs with multiple infections.multiplex pcr and multiplex rt-pcr were developed to identify nine viruses in pigs with multiple infections. these viruses are: porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), suid herpesvirus 1, porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), japanese encephalitis virus, porcine rotavirus a (porv-a), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and getah virus. these methods were shown to be high specificity and sensitivity. in the ...200919467264
individual risk factors for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs: a hierarchical bayesian survival analysis.risk factors for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) at the pig level were identified using data from a longitudinal study in seven pmws-affected farms in france. in each farm, a representative sample of 120 pigs (180 in one farm) was randomly selected after farrowing and followed from birth to slaughter. individual information included serological status for porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus, and porcine parvovirus (ppv) ...200919477031
prospective evaluation of liver fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis c infection using the sabadell nihced (non-invasive hepatitis-c-related cirrhosis early detection) index.liver disease resulting from chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection follows an asymptomatic course towards cirrhosis and its complications in 20-40% of cases. earlier studies demonstrated that advanced fibrosis is a prognostic factor. the "gold standard" for the evaluation of fibrosis grade is liver biopsy. our group validated a predictive index - nihced - based on demographic, laboratory parameters, and echographic data to determine the presence of cirrhosis.200919527078
vaccination against porcine parvovirus protects against disease, but does not prevent infection and virus shedding after challenge infection with a heterologous virus strain.the demonstration of field isolates of porcine parvovirus (ppv) that differ genetically and antigenically from vaccine strains of ppv raises the question of whether the broadly used inactivated vaccines can still protect sows against the novel viruses. ten specific-pathogen-free primiparous sows were assigned to three groups and were vaccinated with one of two vaccines based on the old vaccine strains, or served as non-vaccinated controls. after insemination, all sows were challenged with the pr ...200919535504
expression of porcine parvovirus vp2 gene requires codon optimized e. coli cells.porcine parvovirus (ppv) is a widespread infectious virus that causes serious reproductive diseases of swine and death of piglets. the gene coding for the capsid protein vp2 of ppv was amplified and inserted into the plasmid pet-32a (+), which was then used to transform escherichia coli rosetta, the capsid protein of ppv was fused to a polyhistidine tag, and the position of the affinity tag is in n-terminus. vp2 was expressed using different expression host bacteria, including e. coli bl21, and ...200919543964
prevalence of feline coronavirus antibodies in cats in bursa province, turkey, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.feline sera from bursa province (turkey) were assayed for coronavirus antibody using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the study was performed on 100 sera collected from cats belonging to catteries or community shelters and to households. the serum samples were initially tested with the virus neutralisation (vn) test and the results were then compared with the elisa. the vn yielded 79 negative and 21 positive sera but the elisa confirmed only 74 as negative. the elisa-negative sera w ...200919560387
[viral factors influencing histological changes of hbeag-negative chronic hepatitis b patients with persistently normal serum alt levels].to investigate the correlation between viral factors and liver histological changes of hbeag-negative chronic hepatitis b patients with persistently normal serum alt levels (pnal).200919567022
virological response at 4 weeks to predict outcome of hepatitis c treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin.viral kinetics during therapy provides information on how to individualize treatment. to determine the benefit of assessing positive predictive values (ppvs) and negative predictive values (npvs) of rapid virological responses (rvrs) and early virological responses (evrs), on-treatment outcomes in chronic hepatitis c patients were examined.200919578235
evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic device for the detection of igm & igg antibodies to dengue viruses (denv) in a tertiary care hospital in south india.this study has evaluated the performance of a rapid immunochromatographic test (ict) device in detecting antibodies to dengue virus (denv) in a tertiary hospital in south india. sera from hospital attendees, with requests for denv antibody testing, were tested with the panbio dengue duo cassette and a reference antibody capture assay for the detection of igm (dengue igm capture elisa-national institute of virology, india) and igg (dengue igg capture elisa-panbio diagnostics inc., australia) anti ...200919584509
use of different inhibitory quotients to predict early virological response to tipranavir in antiretroviral-experienced human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.information about the relationship between pharmacological parameters and an early virological response to tipranavir (tpv) is scarce. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients who had received tpv as part of a salvage regimen were analyzed retrospectively. a virological response was defined as a decline in the hiv rna level of > or = 1 log unit or to <50 copies/ml between weeks 4 and 12 of therapy. the virtual inhibitory quotient (viq) was calculated as the ratio of the tpv plasma tr ...200919596874
quantitative estimation of plum pox virus targets acquired and transmitted by a single myzus persicae.the viral charge acquired and inoculated by single aphids in a non-circulative transmission is estimated using plum pox virus (ppv). a combination of electrical penetration graph and taqman real-time rt-pcr techniques was used to establish the average number of ppv rna targets inoculated by an aphid in a single probe (26,750), approximately half of the acquired ones. this number of ppv targets is responsible for a systemic infection of 20% on the inoculated receptor plants. no significant differ ...200919597934
meld exceptions and new predictive score of death on long waiting lists for liver transplantation.cirrhosis related complications, considered meld exceptions, proved to add prognostic value to the meld score in predicting waiting list mortality.200919601457
predictability of sustained virological response to pegylated interferon alpha-2b plus ribavirin therapy by week-8 viral response in hiv-positive patients with chronic hepatitis c virus infection.chronic hepatitis c is frequent and aggressive in hiv-positive patients. identification of early predictors of response to anti-hcv therapy is needed for a lower rate of response and higher discontinuations, compared to hcv mono-infected subjects. the aim of our study was to evaluate the predictive value of virological response (vr) at week 4-8-12 of pegylated interferon alpha-2b (peg-ifn) plus ribavirin (rbv) on sustained virological response (svr) in hiv-hcv co-infected patients. 100 patients ...200919601782
clinical evaluation of nuclisens magnetic extraction and nuclisens analytical specific reagents for the real-time detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in paediatric respiratory specimens.to evaluate the combination of nuclisens magnetic extraction and nuclisens analytical specific reagents (biomérieux, marcy l'etoile, france) for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) from a variety of respiratory samples.200919625288
influence of peptide ligand surface density and ethylene oxide spacer arm on the capture of porcine parvovirus.in previous work, we identified two trimeric peptide ligands (designated wrw and kyy), which bound specifically to porcine parvovirus (ppv) and demonstrated their ability to capture and remove the virus from solutions containing 7.5% human blood plasma. this article examines the influences of peptide density and the presence of an ethylene oxide spacer arm on the efficiency of virus capture using these two ligands. the wrw peptide bound the most virus from plasma solutions at the lowest peptide ...200919634175
disinfection efficacy against parvoviruses compared with reference viruses.some virus species can resist harsh environmental conditions, surviving on surfaces for long periods with the possibility of being transmitted to susceptible hosts. studies are limited on the efficacy of disinfectants against viruses dried onto surfaces, in particular, with the identification of new pathogenic non-enveloped viruses that are expected to have high resistance to disinfection, such as parvoviruses. in this study a range of commonly used biocides, including heat, was tested against p ...200919646784
[establishment of rt- lamp for rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus].a rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) was established by using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) method, meanwhile its specificity and sensitivity were assessed. the results showed that the fmdv rna could be amplified by incubation at 65degrees c for only 1h using six primers designed based on fmdv polyprotein gene and the amplification products could be detected easily by naked-eye. there is no cross reaction with other virus such as svdv, ...200919678569
effects of ultraviolet radiation on marine virus-phytoplankton interactions.abstract ambient ultraviolet radiation (uvr) is harmful to many biological systems and increased uvr, due to a reduced ozone layer, may have many unforeseen consequences. viruses are the most abundant biological particles in the sea and are thought to play an important role in the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. although an increasing number of studies have been published during the last 15 years, aquatic viral ecology is still in its infancy and little is known about the effect ...200319719609
cloning, in vitro expression, and bioactivity of interleukin-18 isolated from a domestic porcine breed found in henan.to evaluate the effects of recombinant porcine interleukin-18 (rpil-18) on the replication of viruses in host cells and proliferation of lymphocytes, porcine il-18 (pil-18) isolated from a domestic big-white porcine breed found in the henan province (hn) was cloned using a reverse transcriptase-pcr. the cloned hn pil-18 contained an orf of 579 base pairs encoding a 192-amino-acid precursor protein. the amino acid sequence of hn pil-18 was compared with all the other pil-18 amino acid sequences a ...200919732142
the determinant of potyvirus ability to overcome the rtm resistance of arabidopsis thaliana maps to the n-terminal region of the coat protein.in arabidopsis thaliana columbia (col-0) plants, the restriction of tobacco etch virus (tev) long-distance movement involves at least three dominant rtm (restricted tev movement) genes named rtm1, rtm2, and rtm3. previous work has established that, while the rtm-mediated resistance is also effective against other potyviruses, such as plum pox virus (ppv) and lettuce mosaic virus (lmv), some isolates of these viruses are able to overcome the rtm mechanism. in order to identify the viral determina ...200919737103
prediction of significant liver fibrosis in kidney transplant patients with chronic hepatitis c virus infection: the tx-3 index.hcv infection is highly prevalent among kidney transplant (kt) recipients. the natural history and management of these patients are controversial. we sought to assess the diagnostic value of noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis in kt hcv-infected patients. this cross-sectional study included 102 kt individuals with positive hcv-rna. bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify variables associated with significant fibrosis (metavir > or = f2). significant fibrosis was observed in 2 ...201019758273
viral causes of influenza-like illness: insight from a study during the winters 2004-2007.limited information is available on the viral etiology of influenza-like illness in southern european countries, and it is still a matter of debate whether certain symptoms can be used to distinguish among the specific viruses that cause influenza-like illness. the main objective of the present study was to identify the demographic and clinical predictors of influenza-like illness due to specific viral agents. the study, which was observational in design, was conducted in rome and naples, italy. ...200919856468
igg antibodies against measles, rubella, and varicella zoster virus predict conversion to multiple sclerosis in clinically isolated syndrome.multiple sclerosis (ms) is characterized by a polyspecific b-cell response to neurotropic viruses such as measles, rubella and varicella zoster, with the corresponding antibodies measurable in csf as the so-called "mrz reaction" (mrzr). we aimed to evaluate the relevance of mrzr to predict conversion of patients with clinically isolated syndrome (cis) to ms, and to compare it to oligoclonal bands (ocb) and mri.200919890384
immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10 (il-10) is up-regulated in high-grade cin but not associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) at baseline, outcomes of hr-hpv infections or incident cin in the lams cohort.bypassing the local immunological defense reactions in the cervix is one of the prerequisites for human papillomaviruses (hpv) infections to progress to intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). the role of potent immunosuppressive cytokines, e.g., interleukin-10 (il-10), depressing these local virus-specific immunological responses is incompletely studied. to assess, whether il-10 expression in cervical hpv lesions has any implications in the outcome of hpv infections or disease progression to cin. base ...200919908064
chances and limitations of non-invasive tests in the assessment of liver fibrosis in liver transplant patients.because fibrosis progression resulting in liver cirrhosis represents the main reason for graft lost in patients after liver transplantation, an early detection of liver fibrosis is crucial. in recent years, several non-invasive tests for the assessment of liver fibrosis have been developed. we prospectively assessed the stage of liver fibrosis of 135 liver transplant patients (94 hepatitis c virus [hcv], 41 alcoholic cirrhosis) using liver biopsy, transient elastography, and serum markers. in th ...201019925459
development and evaluation of rapid detection of classical swine fever virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp).a one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was developed for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) and a set of primers designed based on the e2 gene reference sequences of the csfv. the assay was optimized to amplify csfv rna by incubation at 63 degrees c for 50 min. the rt-lamp amplification products had a ladder-like appearance when electrophoresed on an agarose gel. the rt-lamp assay showed higher sensitivity than the conventional rt-pcr, ...201019931578
dengue fever scoring system: new strategy for the early detection of acute dengue virus infection in taiwan.dengue fever is an important public health problem in southern taiwan. the purpose of this study was to develop a dengue scoring system using a three-stage process, which may be used as a guidance tool for the early diagnosis of dengue fever.200919933032
identification and phylogenetic analysis of an orf virus isolated from an outbreak in sheep in the jilin province of china.this study investigated an acute outbreak of contagious ecthyma dermatitis that occurred in november 2008 in a herd of 180 small-tailed han sheep in the jilin province of china. the pathological findings of this case revealed severe vascular proliferation, viral cytopathic changes in keratinocytes by vacuolar degeneration, ballooning degeneration, and eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions, suggesting that the disease could have been caused by an orf virus (orfv) infection. immunohistochemistry, in ...201019948384
enhancing the scope of conventional cervical cytology for detecting hpv infection.cervical neoplasia is attributed to a persistent human papilloma virus infection. the pap smear being the mainstay of cervical cancer screening in low-resource settings, we studied the nonclassical features which might indicate hpv infection. these included abortive koilocytes, mild dyskeratosis, parakeratosis, mild nuclear hyperchromasia, bi/multinucleation, measles cells, and keratohyaline-like granules. two hundred and eight women with a satisfactory pap smear and a hybrid capture ii test wer ...201019950400
atypical glandular cells (agc): thinprep imaging system (tis), manual screening (ms), and correlation with hybrid capture 2 (hc2) hpv dna testing.the aim of the study was to determine if the thinprep imaging system (t1s) improves the positive predictive value (ppv) of atypical glandular cell (agc) diagnosis for identifying hpv-related squamous and/or glandular lesions over manual screening (ms), and if human papilloma virus (hpv)-dna testing improves the diagnostic yield.201020014311
cellular adaptive immune response against porcine circovirus type 2 in subclinically infected pigs.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a dominant causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), a multifactorial disease complex with putative immunosuppressive characteristics. little is known about adaptive pcv2-specific immune responses in infected pigs. therefore, the t and b cell responses following pcv2 infection in 3-week old spf piglets infected with pcv2 or pcv2 plus porcine parvovirus (ppv) were studied.200920028550
first report of porcine circovirus type 2 infections in cuba.to obtain information about the porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection status of pigs in cuba and the probable association of pcv2 with other porcine viruses, tissue samples collected from ill pigs were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the pcr analysis showed that 67.7% of the samples (23/34) from seven swine herds of six different geographic regions were detected to be positive for pcv2. ten of the 23 pcv2 positive samples (43.5%) shown a concurrent infection with porcine pa ...201020031180
twelve weeks posttreatment follow-up is as relevant as 24 weeks to determine the sustained virologic response in patients with hepatitis c virus receiving pegylated interferon and ribavirin.a sustained virologic response (svr) in patients with chronic hepatitis c receiving pegylated interferon (peg-ifn) plus ribavirin is defined as undetectable serum hcv-rna at 24 weeks (w+24) posttreatment follow-up. viral load outcome in patients with virological relapse (vr) has not been explored. this study evaluated whether the assessment of serum hcv-rna 12 weeks (w+12) after the end of treatment was as relevant as w+24 to evaluate svr in 573 patients who received combination peg-ifn and riba ...201020069649
prevalence of antibodies to selected viral and bacterial pathogens in wild boar (sus scrofa) in campania region, italy.serum samples were collected from wild boars (sus scrofa) harvested during the 2005-2006 hunting season in campania, southern italy. samples were tested for antibodies to leptospira interrogan, brucella spp., salmonella spp., aujeszky disease virus (adv), porcine reproductive and respiratory stress syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine parvovirus (ppv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), and swine vesicular disease virus (svdv). of the 342 serum samples tested, 15 (4.4%) were seropositive to brucella ...201020090052
the genome of pseudocowpoxvirus: comparison of a reindeer isolate and a reference strain.parapoxviruses (ppv), of the family poxviridae, cause a pustular cutaneous disease in sheep and goats (orf virus, orfv) and cattle (pseudocowpoxvirus, pcpv and bovine papular stomatitis virus, bpsv). here, we present the first genomic sequence of a reference strain of pcpv (vr634) along with the genomic sequence of a ppv (f00.120r) isolated in finland from reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). the f00.120r and vr634 genomes are 135 and 145 kb in length and contain 131 and 134 putative genes, re ...201020107016
[association between igg antibody against the c-terminal region of the pres1 protein of hepatitis b virus and the early response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis b].to determine the relationship between igg antibody against the c-terminal region of the pres1 protein of hepatitis b virus and the early response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis b.201020128959
ykl-40 and hyaluronic acid (ha) as noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis in kidney transplant patients with hcv chronic infection.hepatitis c is highly prevalent among kidney transplant (kt) recipients. in this population, the natural history of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection and its proper management remains controversial. the invasiveness of the procedure and the interpretation variability of liver biopsy limit its use in these patients. we sought to evaluate the performance of ykl-40 and ha as markers of liver fibrosis in kt patients with hcv infection.201020163287
use of simple noninvasive biomarkers to predict liver fibrosis in hiv/hcv coinfection in routine clinical practice.simple noninvasive tests to predict fibrosis, as an alternative to liver biopsy (lb), are needed. of these, the aspartate aminotransferase (ast) to platelet ratio index (apri) and the forns index (fi) have been validated in hiv/hepatitis c virus (hcv) coinfection. however, these indexes may have lower diagnostic value in situations other than the circumscribed conditions of validation studies. we therefore examined the value of the apri and fi in hiv/hcv-coinfected patients for the detection of ...201020180868
[evaluation of the virus-elimination efficacy of nanofiltration (viresolve nfp) for the parvovirus b19 and hepatitis a virus].the safety of plasma derivatives has been reinforced since 1980s by variable pathogen inactivation or elimination techniques. nucleic acid amplification test (nat) for the source plasma has also been implemented worldwide. recently nanofiltration has been used in some country for ensuring safety of plasma derivatives to eliminate non-enveloped viruses such as parvovirus b19 (b19v) and hepatitis a virus (hav). we evaluated the efficacy of nanofiltration for the elimination of b19v and hav.201020197722
fat mass ratio: an objective tool to define lipodystrophy in hiv-infected patients under antiretroviral therapy.human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and its treatment with antiretroviral therapy (art) have been associated with lipodystrophy. different clinical methodologies have been used to define the syndrome. the aim of this study was to propose gender-specific reference values using objective measurements for defining lipodystrophy in hiv-infected patients. using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (dxa), total body composition was analyzed in 221 hiv-infected patients under art (146 men). we use ...201020347364
correlation between the composition of multivalent antibody conjugates with colloidal gold nanoparticles and their affinity.interactions between multivalent preparations of antibodies (conjugated with colloidal gold nanoparticles (gnp) as a carrier system) and a multivalent ligand were investigated. the aim of the present study was to reveal the relationship between the affinity of the conjugate and its composition (i.e., the valency). surface plasmon resonance was applied to study the affinity and the kinetics of the interaction of multivalent conjugates and multivalent virus (on the example of the plum pox virus (p ...201020347832
assessment of alpha-fetoprotein in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in middle eastern patients.alpha-fetoprotein (afp) levels for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) may vary by geographical region and racial background. no data exists for this test in the middle eastern population. in addition, there is limited data on the impact of virological status on afp levels.201020397051
rna-dependent rna polymerase 1 from nicotiana tabacum suppresses rna silencing and enhances viral infection in nicotiana benthamiana.endogenous eukaryotic rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrs) produce double-stranded rna intermediates in diverse processes of small rna synthesis in rna silencing pathways. rdr6 is required in plants for posttranscriptional gene silencing induced by sense transgenes (s-ptgs) and has an important role in amplification of antiviral silencing. whereas rdr1 is also involved in antiviral defense in plants, this does not necessarily proceed through triggering silencing. in this study, we show that nico ...201020400679
diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of orf virus from goats in china: a case report.orf virus (orfv) is the etiological agent of contagious pustular dermatitis and is the prototype of the genus parapoxvirus (ppv). it causes a severe exanthematous dermatitis that afflicts domestic and wild small ruminants.201020416112
a single amino acid mutation alters the capsid protein electrophoretic double-band phenotype of the plum pox virus strain ppv-rec.plum pox virus (ppv) isolates differ by their capsid protein (cp) mobility in sds-page. these electrophoretic phenotypes are likely to result from post-translational modifications of the cp. we demonstrated that the cp mobility was solely determined by the cp n-terminal region. sequence comparison pinpointed a possible role of mutations at position 66 in determining the cp phenotype of ppv-rec isolates. site-directed mutagenesis of a chimeric clone demonstrated that gly(66) in the cp resulted in ...201020422234
identification and molecular characterization of a new potyvirus from panax notoginseng.a potyvirus causing distortion and mosaic symptoms in the herbal plant sanqi (panax notoginseng) was isolated from yunnan province, china, and the complete nucleotide sequence of one isolate and the partial sequences of two other isolates were determined. the viral rna genome comprised 9,750 nt excluding the 3'-terminal poly(a) tail, with the capacity to encode a single polyprotein of 3,089 amino acids. phylogenetic analysis with other completely sequenced potyviruses revealed that the virus in ...201020446003
the need for culture collections to support plant pathogen diagnostic networks.plant-pathogenic microorganisms, by virtue of their size, similarity in disease symptoms and closely related morphologies, are notoriously difficult to diagnose and detect. diagnosis gives proof as to the causal agent of disease and is important for developing appropriate control measures. detection shows the presence of a microorganism and is of importance for safeguarding national and international trade. live reference collections are required to characterize the taxonomy and function of micr ...201020457251
multiple pathways involved in porcine parvovirus cellular entry and trafficking toward the nucleus.porcine parvovirus (ppv) is a major cause of reproductive failure in swine. the mechanisms implicated in the first steps of infection that lead to the delivery of the ppv genome to the nucleus are poorly understood. in the present work, a panel of chemical inhibitors was used to dissect the cellular mechanisms involved in establishing a ppv infection. the results demonstrated that following binding to sialic acids on cell surface glycoproteins, the virus used both clathrin-mediated endocytosis a ...201020484503
combined use of aspartate aminotransferase, platelet count and matrix metalloproteinase 2 measurements to predict liver fibrosis in hiv/hepatitis c virus-coinfected patients.noninvasive tests that can be used in place of liver biopsy to diagnose fibrosis have major limitations. they either leave a significant proportion of patients without a definitive diagnosis or produce inaccurate results. moreover, the performance of these tests is lower in hiv/hepatitis c virus (hcv) coinfection. against this background, we examined the utility of serum matrix metalloproteinase 2 (mmp-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (timp-1) measurements in combination with routi ...201120497249
improving the immunogenicity of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in hiv-infected adults with a toll-like receptor 9 agonist adjuvant: a randomized, controlled trial.persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are often hyporesponsive to immunization, including pneumococcal vaccines. we hypothesized that adding cpg 7909, a toll-like receptor 9 (tlr9) agonist and vaccine adjuvant, to 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vpnc) would increase its immunogenicity in hiv-infected adults.201020504165
evaluation of anti-varicella antibody in young women before their marriage: a sero-epidemiologic study in iran.chickenpox during pregnancy can cause severe complications in both the mother and her baby. however, no complications will occur in a mother with proper immunity. therefore, physicians and health systems can make better decisions when they know the immunologic status of the women in a community.201020538515
expression of a modified nucleocapsid-protein of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) confers resistance against tswv and groundnut ringspot virus (grsv) by blocking systemic spread.summary tobacco transformed with a construct comprising the nucleocapsid-protein (n) gene of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) and the 5' non-translated leader sequence of plum pox virus (ppv) as a translation enhancer displays unusually broad resistance against tospoviruses. contrary to expectations, the transgenic plants did not express a higher level of tswv n protein than control plants harbouring the n gene without the ppv enhancer. instead, expression of an n-terminally elongated n protein, ...200420565598
selected swine viral pathogens in indoor pigs in spain. seroprevalence and farm-level characteristics.a serosurvey on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), swine influenza virus (siv), aujeszky's disease virus ge protein (adv ge), porcine parvovirus (ppv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was carried out in spanish pig herds. the serosurvey consisted of two studies. first, a retrospective study assessed the proportion of seropositive boar, sow and fattening pig herds and their seroprevalences to prrsv, siv, adv ge and ppv from 2003 to 2005 and to pcv2 from 2000 to 2005. ...201020569418
[rapid influenza diagnostic tests for detection of novel influenza a (h1n1) virus in children].accuracy of rapid bd directigen(®) ez flu a+b diagnostic test against influenza a (h1n1) virus in children.201020579777
the utility of dobutamine stress echocardiography for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease in the hiv population.the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) has increased human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) patient longevity by 10-15 years. this increased longevity has habituated new cardiovascular complications, in particular, accelerated coronary artery disease (cad). although dobutamine stress echocardiography (dse) is a highly sensitive and specific test for the noninvasive detection of underlying cad in the general population, its utility in the hiv population remains unknown.201020584060
reproductive failure in wild boars associated to porcine parvovirus infection and in vivo and in vitro characterization of the causal isolate.investigations were made to identify the causal agent of an acute outbreak of abortions in a domesticated herd of wild boar. only porcine parvovirus (ppv) was isolated from samples of organs from the still-born sucklings and mummified aborted fetuses. the isolated virus hemagglutinated erythrocytes of guinea pig, murine, rat, and chicken. identity of the virus, designated the bq strain, was confirmed by the production of a specific cytopathic effect on susceptible cells and by the results from e ...201020596774
constraints to virus infection in nicotiana benthamiana plants transformed with a potyvirus amplicon.plant genomes have been transformed with full-length cdna copies of viral genomes, giving rise to what has been called 'amplicon' systems, trying to combine the genetic stability of transgenic plants with the elevated replication rate of plant viruses. however, amplicons' performance has been very variable regardless of the virus on which they are based. this has boosted further interest in understanding the underlying mechanisms that cause this behavior differences, and in developing strategies ...201020604920
performance of parallel screening of brazilian blood donors with two human immunodeficiency virus immunoassays: implications for sequential immunoassay testing algorithms in other countries.in brazil it is mandatory to screen donors for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibodies using two immunoassays (ias) in parallel. confirmatory testing is performed only on reactive donors who return for counseling. the goal of this analysis was to determine if concordant ia reactivity accurately predicts infection and can be used for hiv incidence and/or prevalence analyses.201120633245
comparison of commercial and experimental porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccines using a triple challenge with pcv2, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), and porcine parvovirus (ppv).the efficacies of commercial porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccines and a live pcv1-2a chimeric vaccine were compared in conventional, pcv2-positive piglets using a pcv2-porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv)-porcine parvovirus (ppv) coinfection challenge model. seventy-three, 2-week-old pigs were randomized into seven groups including five vaccinated and two control groups. pigs in the vaccinated groups were vaccinated at 3 weeks (one dose) or at 3 and 6 weeks (two dose) ...201020637768
benzothiadiazole and l-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid reduce the severity of sharka symptoms in pea leaves: effect on antioxidative metabolism at the subcellular level.the effect of treatment with benzothiadiazole (bth) or l-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (otc), and their interaction with plum pox virus (ppv) infection, on antioxidative metabolism of pea plants was studied at the subcellular level. ppv infection produced a 20% reduction in plant growth. pre-treatment of pea plants with otc or bth afforded partial protection against ppv infection, measured as the percentage of leaves showing symptoms, but neither bth nor otc significantly reduced the virus ...201020653891
o-glcnacylation of the plum pox virus capsid protein catalyzed by secret agent: characterization of o-glcnac sites by electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry.the capsid protein of plum pox virus (ppv-cp) is modified with o-linked β-n-acetylglucosamine (o-glcnac). in arabidopsis thaliana this modification is made by an o-glcnac transferase named secret agent (sec). modification of ppv-cp by sec is hypothesized to have a direct role in the infection process, because virus titer and rate of spread are reduced in sec mutants. previous studies used deletion mapping and site-directed mutagenesis to identify four o-glcnac sites on the capsid protein that ar ...201120676902
the chemokine cxcl13 is a prognostic marker in clinically isolated syndrome (cis).there is increasing recognition of the importance of b lymphocytes in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (ms), encouraging the evaluation of b cell-associated biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf). we aimed to evaluate the relevance of the b cell chemoattractant cxcl13 as a prognostic marker in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (cis) regarding conversion to ms, and to compare it to barkhof criteria in magnetic resonance imaging (mri), oligoclonal bands (ocb) and the poly ...201020700489
audit of paired anal cytology and histopathology outcomes in patients referred to a public sexual health clinic.the level of agreement between anal cytology and histopathology is not clear with only a few studies evaluating the reliability of anal specimen reporting. australian data in relation to this are limited.201020719226
a randomized clinical trial comparing revaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine to polysaccharide vaccine among hiv-infected adults.the risk of pneumococcal disease persists, and antibody responses to revaccination with the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (ppv) are low among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected adults. we determined whether revaccination with the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) would enhance these responses.201020795819
content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in fruits of apricot genotypes.research on natural compounds is increasingly focused on their effects on human health. in this study, we were interested in the evaluation of nutritional value expressed as content of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of new apricot (prunus armeniaca l.) genotypes resistant against plum pox virus (ppv) cultivated on department of fruit growing of mendel university in brno. fruits of twenty one apricot genotypes were collected at the onset of consumption ripeness. antioxidant cap ...201020877223
silencing of plum pox virus 5'utr/p1 sequence confers resistance to a wide range of ppv strains.an effective disease-control strategy should protect the host from the major economically important and geographically widespread variants of a pathogen. plum pox virus (ppv) is the causal agent of sharka, the most devastating viral disease of prunus species. we have shown previously that the hairpin rna expression driven by h-utr/p1, h-p1/hcpro, h-hcpro and h-hcpro/p3 constructs, derived from the ppv-m ispave44 isolate, confers resistance to the homologous virus in nicotiana benthamiana plants. ...201020963442
comparison of immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction for detection of west nile virus in naturally infected dead birds.credible vector-borne disease surveillance programs, especially in developing countries with limited resources, must include diagnostic tests that are efficient, inexpensive and simple and safe to administer while maintaining high levels of sensitivity and specificity. since immunohistochemistry (ihc) includes most of these features, its sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value (ppv) and predictive negative value (pnv) for west nile virus (wnv) screening were compared to those of the ...201021045374
[construction and immunogenicity of recombinant porcine parvovirus-like particles with somatostatin].in order to obtain a virus-like particle vaccine both for porcine parvovirus (ppv) prevention and growth-promotion, vp2 gene of ppv nj-a strain was amplified with pcr, and four copies of synthetic somatostatin gene were fused to the n-terminal of vp2 gene. the fused gene was cloned into pfast-ht a to construct the recombinant plasmid pfast-ss4-vp2, then the pfast-ss4-vp2 was transformed into dh10bac competent cells and recombined with shuttle vector bacmid, followed by identification with blue-w ...201021090109
detection of porcine parvovirus using a taqman-based real-time pcr with primers and probe designed for the ns1 gene.a taqman-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was devised for the detection of porcine parvovirus (ppv). two primers and a taqman probe for the non-structural protein ns1 gene were designed. the detection limit was 1 x 10² dna copies/μl, and the assay was linear in the range of 1 x 10² to 1 x 10⁹ copies/μl. there was no cross-reaction with porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), pseudorabies virus (prv), classical swine fever vir ...201021126330
role of simple biomarkers in predicting fibrosis progression in hcv infection.to examine the accuracy of the aspartate aminotransferase (ast)/platelet ratio index (apri) and fib-4, in predicting longitudinal changes in liver histology in hepatitis c virus (hcv) patients.201021128320
the diagnostic and prognostic significance of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever.crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a potentially fatal disease caused by a tick-borne virus from the bunyaviridae family. it has recently been reported that soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (supar), secreted from endothelial cells and the mononuclear phagocyte system, one of the main targets of the cchf virus, is a potential biomarker for several bacterial and viral infection diseases.201021167774
analysis of the epitope structure of plum pox virus coat protein.typing of the particular plum pox virus (ppv) strain responsible in an outbreak has important practical implications and is frequently performed using strain-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs). analysis in western blots of the reactivity of 24 mabs to a 112-amino-acid n-terminal fragment of the ppv coat protein (cp) expressed in escherichia coli showed that 21 of the 24 mabs recognized linear or denaturation-insensitive epitopes. a series of eight c-truncated cp fragments allowed the mapping ...201121171886
simple and efficient biolistic procedure for the plant transfection with cdna clones of rna viruses.simple, fast, low-cost, and efficient procedure for dna delivery to the cell nuclei of whole plants was developed. the procedure was optimized for the plum pox virus (ppv) and its host nicotiana benthamiana. it is based on the leaf bombardment with tungsten microparticles with bound dna using common air gun. the procedure did not require special equipment and source of driving gas. the transfection efficiency obtained by the newly developed procedure was close to 100%, but this level dropped wit ...201021175255
[combined detection of epstein-barr virus antibodies for serodiagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma].to investigate the value of combined detection of epstein-barr virus (ebv) vca/iga, ea/iga, rta/igg and ebna1/iga in serodiagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc).201021177196
molecular epidemiology of plum pox virus in japan.for a molecular epidemiological study based on complete genome sequences, 37 plum pox virus (ppv) isolates were collected from the kanto region in japan. pair-wise analyses revealed that all 37 japanese isolates belong to the ppv-d strain, with low genetic diversity (less than 0.8%). in phylogenetic analysis of the ppv-d strain based on complete nucleotide sequences, the relationships of the ppv-d strain were reconstructed with high resolution: at the global level, the american, canadian, and ja ...201121198358
pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage among infants born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected mothers immunized with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine during gestation.we have previously shown that 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (ppv) is immunogenic in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected mothers and provides vaccine-induced antibodies to the infant. we compared the nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonization (npc) rates in <6-month-old infants born to hiv-infected mothers, according to immunization with ppv during pregnancy.201121200361
[seroprevalence of rubella virus, varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus and parvovirus b19 among pregnant women in the sousse region, tunisia].the aim of the study is to evaluate seroprevalence of rubella virus (rv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), varicella zoster virus (vzv), and parvovirus b19 (pb19) in 404 tunisian pregnant women, and to determine reliability of maternal past history of eruption. sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors, and past history of eruption were collected through a questionnaire. serologic tests were performed using enzyme immunoassays. risk factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic reg ...201121243459
thermal image scanning for influenza border screening: results of an airport screening study.infrared thermal image scanners (itis) appear an attractive option for the mass screening of travellers for influenza, but there are no published data on their performance in airports.201121245928
two new subfamilies of dna mismatch repair proteins (muts) specifically abundant in the marine environment.muts proteins are ubiquitous in cellular organisms and have important roles in dna mismatch repair or recombination. in the virus world, the amoeba-infecting mimivirus, as well as the recently sequenced cafeteria roenbergensis virus are known to encode a muts related to the homologs found in octocorals and ɛ-proteobacteria. to explore the presence of muts proteins in other viral genomes, we performed a genomic survey of four giant viruses ('giruses') (pyramimonas orientalis virus (pov), phaeocys ...201121248859
molecular, ultrastructural, and biological characterization of pennsylvania isolates of plum pox virus.plum pox virus (ppv) was identified in pennsylvania in 1999. the outbreak was limited to a four-county region in southern pennsylvania. initial serological and molecular characterization indicated that the isolates in pennsylvania belong to the d strain of ppv. the pennsylvania isolates were characterized by sequence analysis, electron microscopy, host range, and vector transmission to determine how these isolates related to their previously studied european counterparts. genetically, pennsylvan ...201121261466
mediterranean and central-eastern european countries host viruses of two different clades of plum pox virus strain m.the genetic diversity of plum pox virus strain m (ppv-m) was assessed by analyzing 28 isolates collected in 8 european countries. two genomic fragments spanning the (cter)p3-6k1-(nter)ci coding region as well as the full coat protein coding region were sequenced directly from pcr products. phylogenetic analysis showed that the geographical origin of the collected isolates was clearly associated with two different ppv-m clades. moreover, the pattern of substitutions in the cp gene shed light on t ...201121293968
false-positive human immunodeficiency virus enzyme immunoassay results in pregnant women.examine whether false-positive hiv enzyme immunoassay (eia) test results occur more frequently among pregnant women than among women who are not pregnant and men (others).201121304592
effects of varying virus-spiking conditions on a virus-removal filter planovaôäó 20n in a virus validation study of antibody solutions.we aimed to investigate the effect of virus-spiking conditions on the filter performance (flux, flux decay, and parvovirus reduction) of the small virus filter planovaôäó 20n. we used three kinds of porcine parvovirus (ppv) stocks: serum, serum-free, and purified. the flux profile with ppv spiking was similar to that without spiking for normal load filtration of about 250-300 l/m(2) . high volume (3 vol %) of serum-free ppv and 1 vol % serum ppv reduced the flux to some extent for high-load filt ...201121312364
interaction of plum pox virus with specific colloidal gold-labeled antibodies and development of immunochromatographic assay of the virus.two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against plum pox virus (ppv) were shown to recognize its d, m, and c strains. conjugates of the antibodies with colloidal gold (cg) nanoparticles averaging 26 nm in diameter were synthesized. the binding constants of ppv with both the native and conjugated mabs were determined using a biacore x device. the complexes between the cg-mab conjugates and plum pox virions were examined by means of transmission electron and atomic force microscopy. using the conj ...201021314608
performance of the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index for the staging of hepatitis c-related fibrosis: an updated meta-analysis.the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (apri), a tool with limited expense and widespread availability, is a promising noninvasive alternative to liver biopsy for detecting hepatic fibrosis. the objective of this study was to update the 2007 meta-analysis to systematically assess the accuracy of apri in predicting significant fibrosis, severe fibrosis, and cirrhosis stage in hepatitis c virus (hcv) monoinfected and hcv / human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) coinfected individuals. ...201121319189
validity of two rapid point of care influenza tests and direct fluorecence assay in comparison of real time pcr for swine of origin influenza virus.a novel swine origin influenza virus (s-oiv) is continue to spread worldwide and a global declaration of 2009 influenza pandemic was made by world health organization (who) june 2009, this along with approaching the winter season at the northern hemisphere, increase the interest to provide a quick, easy, affordable and available point of care testing for s-oiv.201121338954
twelve week post-treatment follow-up predicts sustained virological response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy in hiv/hepatitis c virus co-infected patients.the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the assessment of hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna serum at 12 weeks after the end of treatment (w12) was as informative as after 24 weeks (w24) for determining sustained virological response (svr) in hiv/hcv co-infected patients who received a combination of pegylated interferon (peg-inf) plus ribavirin (peg-inf/rbv) and had a virological response at the end of treatment.201121415037
sequence variability, recombination analysis, and specific detection of the w strain of plum pox virus.plum pox virus (ppv), a member of the genus potyvirus, is the causal agent of sharka, the most detrimental disease of stone-fruit trees worldwide. ppv isolates are grouped into seven distinct strains. the minor ppv-w strain was established recently for the divergent w3174 isolate found in canada. here, the partial or complete genomic sequences of four ppv-w isolates from latvia have been determined. the completely sequenced isolates lv-141pl and lv-145bt share 93.1 and 92.1% nucleotide identity, ...201121425932
[coinfection effects of porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus in vivo on phagocytosis and interferon mrna expression of porcine alveolar macrophages].our study is to analyse the coinfection effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine parvovirus (ppv) in vivo on phagocytosis and interferon mrna expression level of porcine alveolar macrophages (pam).201121465796
an optimized mrfp-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation system for the detection of protein-protein interactions in planta.an existing bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc) system, based on a monomeric red fluorescent protein (mrfp), has been optimized for the investigation of protein-protein interactions in planta. the expression plasmids, encoding the n-terminal amino acids (aa) 1-168 and the c-terminal aa 169-225 of the mrfp, allow n- or c-terminal fusion of a split mrfp, with the genes of interest. two major improvements over the original vectors have been made. firstly, the coding sequence of a gggsgg ...201121473882
molecular detection of torque teno sus virus in lymphoid tissues in concomitant infections with other porcine viral pathogens.in this study, 40 pigs with respiratory and wasting disorders from cuban swine herds were screened by pcr for the presence of ttsuv1, ttsuv2, pcv-2, ppv and csfv in spleen samples. the variability of the porcine ttsuv sequences obtained was investigated by phylogenetic analysis. this study showed for the first time that ttsuv1 and ttsuv2 were present in cuban swine herds. the investigation revealed the following infection rates: ttsuv1 40%, ttsuv2 37.5%, pcv-2 70%, ppv 37.5% and csfv in 52.5%. t ...201121482428
age-stratified performance of the cervista hpv 16/18 genotyping test in women with asc-us cytology.background: the objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of the cervista hpv 16/18 genotyping test for detection of human papilloma virus (hpv) 16 and 18 in cervical cytology specimens in women stratified by age. methods: in a multicenter, prospective clinical study, thinprep specimens were tested for the presence of hpv 16 and 18 using the hpv 16/18 genotyping test. genotyping results from women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or greater cytolog ...201121527581
intrahepatic response markers in chronic hepatitis b patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2a and adefovir.background: we investigated whether intrahepatic markers could predict response in chronic hepatitis b patients treated with peg-ifn and adefovir for 48 weeks. methods: intrahepatic cccdna, total intrahepatic hbv dna and the proportion of hbsag and hbcag positive hepatocytes in 16 hbeag positive and 24 hbeag negative patients were measured at baseline and at the end of treatment. results: baseline intrahepatic markers were not associated with sustained virological response (svr) defined as hbv d ...201121557773
optimal follow-up time to determine the sustained virological response in patients with chronic hepatitis c receiving peg-ifn and ribavirin.background: this study evaluated whether the assessment of hcv-rna at 12 weeks (fw+12) post treatment follow-up was as applicable as fw+24 to evaluate sustained virological response (svr) using the highly sensitive real-time pcr hcv assay. methods and results: two hundred twenty-two patients with chronic hepatitis c were included in this study. pegylated interferon (peg-ifn) and ribavirin were administered for 24-72 weeks based on the genotype and viral load. serum hcv-rna was measured using rea ...201121649727
a live-attenuated chimeric porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccine is transmitted to contact pigs but is not upregulated by concurrent infection with porcine parvovirus (ppv) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and is efficacious in a pcv2b-prrsv-ppv challenge model.the live chimeric porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccine with the capsid gene of the emerging subtype 2b cloned in the genomic backbone of the nonpathogenic pcv1 is attenuated in vivo and induces protective immunity against pcv2. to further determine the safety and efficacy of this experimental vaccine, we tested for evidence of pig-to-pig transmission by commingling nonvaccinated and vaccinated pigs, determined potential upregulation by simultaneous vaccination and infection with porcine parv ...201121653745
diagnostic significance of plasma osteopontin in hepatitis c virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma.outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) depends mainly on its early diagnosis. the performance of traditional biomarkers is not satisfactory. osteopontin (opn) is of potential importance. this study aim to assess the diagnostic value of plasma opn compared with alpha-fetoprotein (afp) for the diagnosis of hcv- related hcc.201121677331
A novel recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing parvovirus VP2 gene: Immunogenicity and protective efficacy in swine.Porcine parvovirus (PPV) VP2 gene has been successfully expressed in many expression systems resulting in self-assembly of virus-like particles (VLPs) with similar morphology to the native capsid. Here, a pseudorabies virus (PRV) system was adopted to express the PPV VP2 gene.201121679423
phylogenetic analysis of porcine parvoviruses from swine samples in china.abstract:201121703005
narrowing down the apricot plum pox virus resistance locus and comparative analysis with the peach genome syntenic region.sharka disease, caused by the plum pox virus (ppv), is one of the main limiting factors for stone fruit crops worldwide. only a few resistance sources have been found in apricot (prunus armeniaca l.), and most studies have located a major ppv resistance locus (ppvres) on linkage group 1 (lg1). however, the mapping accuracy was not sufficiently reliable and ppvres was predicted within a low confidence interval. in this study, we have constructed two high-density simple sequence repeat (ssr) impro ...201121722293
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