Publications

experimental models of virus-induced demyelination of the central nervous system.	one of the arguments in favor of a viral pathogenesis for multiple sclerosis is the existence of several experimental and natural animal models of virus-induced primary demyelination. this review deals comprehensively with such models. well-known examples of demyelinating viral infections in their natural host are jhm, theiler, visna, and canine distemper encephalomyelitides. recent reports of experimental murine infections with pathogens such as vesicular stomatitis, chandipura, herpes simplex, ...	1982	6280582
alteration in phospholipid methylation and impairment of signal transmission in persistently paramyxovirus-infected c6 rat glioma cells.	the paramyxoviruses measles (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, sspe) virus and canine distemper virus (cdv) cause an impairment of the catecholamine-induced beta-adrenergic receptor-dependent camp generation in persistently infected c6 rat glioma cells. in c6 cells persistently infected with cdv the number of receptors is greatly reduced. hirata and axelrod have shown that the number of beta-adrenergic receptors could be regulated by methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine, resulting in lecit ...	1982	6285359
dual adenovirus and distemper virus pneumonia in a dog.	a case of simultaneous infection of the lungs of a dog with canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine adenovirus (cav) is described. the techniques employed are histological stains, immunoperoxidase technique, and transmission electron microscopy. two viruses are shown to infect the same cells. the significance of dual infection of the same cells is discussed in comparison with literature data on in vitro experiments.	1982	6287699
serologic survey for canine distemper and infectious canine hepatitis in wolves in alaska.	sera from 57 wolves (canis lupus) in three areas of alaska were evaluated for evidence of previous exposure to infectious canine hepatitis virus (ichv) and canine distemper virus (cdv). fifty-four sera (94.7%) were positive for ichv exposure and four (7%) were positive for cdv exposure. all four cdv-reacting wolves also had titres to ichv. the relatively common occurrence of ichv exposure may be due to the greater resistance of ichv to chemical and physical agents and its transmissibility via th ...	1982	6296469
use of modified live feline panleukopenia virus vaccine to immunize dogs against canine parvovirus.	modified live feline panleukopenia virus (fplv) vaccine protected dogs against canine parvovirus (cpv) infection. however, unlike the long-lived (greater than or equal to 20-month) immunity engendered by cpv infection, the response of dogs to living fplv was variable. doses of fplv (snow leopard strain) in excess of 10(5.7) tcid50 were necessary for uniform immunization; smaller inocula resulted in decreased success rates. the duration of immunity, as measured by the persistence of hemagglutinat ...	1983	6299142
immunoglobulin e antibodies to pollens augmented in dogs by virus vaccines.	an inbred "atopic dog colony" was established to study the effect of viruses on immunoregulation of immunoglobulin (ig) e antibodies. dogs were selected for high skin reactivity to grass and weed pollens. their offspring were inoculated with pollen extracts in alum immediately after routine vaccinations (attenuated live-virus vaccines for canine distemper and infectious canine hepatitis, and a killed bacterin for leptospira). heat labile antipollen ige antibodies were measured by passive cutaneo ...	1983	6301317
immunoperoxidase study of canine distemper virus pneumonia.	forty-two cases of canine pneumonia were examined for the presence of canine distemper virus. for that purpose canine distemper virus inclusion bodies were located. the histopathological lesions were related to the presence of canine distemper antigen, as demonstrated with an immunoperoxidase technique. this technique was more sensitive for detecting canine distemper infection in lung tissue than was the study of inclusion bodies. attention was also paid to combined infection with canine adenovi ...	1983	6304834
serologic survey for selected viruses in a population of raccoons, procyon lotor (l.), in the great smoky mountains.		1984	6330384
comparison of morbillivirus proteins by limited proteolysis.	proteins of a number of measles and sspe virus strains have been compared by limited proteolysis and they appear to be largely conserved amongst the various strains. viruses derived from sspe cannot be distinguished from other measles viruses by this technique. small differences in the digest patterns of the m proteins have been observed between the edmonston and other measles virus strains. furthermore, in some strains where the m proteins migrate slower in sds-page the limited proteolysis patt ...	1983	6343818
canine distemper infection in mice: characterization of a neuro-adapted virus strain and its long-term evolution in the mouse.	the onderstepoort strain of canine distemper virus (cdv) which has been adapted to newborn swiss mice was used in a study in weanling mice. intracerebral inoculation of newborn mice with either the parent or mouse-adapted virus strain led to mortality in 100% of the animals. in weanling mice the parent virus produced less than 10% mortality, whereas the mouse-adapted strain killed approximately 40% of the animals and this was not dose-dependent. although a meningitis was observed in the survivin ...	1983	6345720
characterization of canine distemper viruses adapted to neural cells and their neurovirulence in mice.	interaction of the onderstepoort strain of canine distemper virus (cdv) with three established human neural cells, i.e. imr-32 neuroblastoma, 118-mgc glioma and kg-1 oligodendroglioma, was examined, and adaptation of cdv to these cells was also attempted. the unadapted virus was found to grow at relatively low titers in the three neural cells inducing moderate to minimal cytopathic effects (cpe). the virus was successfully grown at high titers in these cells after 8 to 10 passages. biological ch ...	1983	6355783
clinical trials with canine distemper vaccines in exotic carnivores.	two types of killed canine distemper virus (cdv) vaccine and a modified-live cdv vaccine were clinically evaluated in four species of exotic carnivores. in 16 trials in which 13 red pandas (ailurus fulgens) were given the killed vaccine, only 1 animal had a virus-neutralization titer that exceeded 1:100. a red panda given modified-live cdv vaccine deemed safe for gray foxes and ferrets died of bacterial pneumonia 16 days later. there was no pathologic evidence of canine distemper in that panda. ...	1983	6358163
comparison of cytoskeletal organization in canine distemper virus-infected and uninfected cells.	the organization of vimentin filaments, keratin filaments, microtubules and microfilaments was compared in canine distemper virus (cdv)-infected and uninfected cells by indirect immunofluorescence. infection of tissue culture cells with cdv caused a total reorganization of all the cytoskeletal structures with the most notable changes in the microtubules and intermediate filaments. during virus infection two different patterns of staining were observed for both the intermediate filaments and micr ...	1983	6358405
macrophage fc receptors control infectivity and neutralization of canine distemper virus-antibody complexes.	dogs that are persistently infected or that become moribund after exposure to canine distemper virus (cdv) have antibody that neutralized cdv when tested in dog lung macrophage cultures but failed to neutralize cdv when tested in epithelial, fibroblastic, or lymphatic cells. the antibody attached to protein a and was found in the immunoglobulin g fraction. the antibody bound complement and lysed cdv-infected target cells. the neutralizing activity in macrophages could be abolished (i) by pepsin ...	1984	6471166
distemper in vaccinated dogs.		1984	6495574
multiple sclerosis and exposure to household dogs. preliminary observations.		1984	6495649
in vitro propagation of canine distemper virus: establishment of persistent infection in vero cells.	primary cultures of bovine fibroblast (bf) and canine brain cells, persistently infected with virulent r252-canine distemper virus (cdv), were cocultured with african green monkey (vero) cells. transfer of persistent cdv from bf to vero cells varied inversely with the in vitro passage level (age) of the cdv-infected bf cells. successful transfer of cdv to vero cells was signaled by the transient appearance of viral syncytia, rapid spread of viral antigen to all vero cells in the culture, and by ...	1984	6497125
measles virus and inactivated canine distemper virus induce incomplete immunity to canine distemper.	pairs of specific pathogen free dogs were immunized with two injections of heat inactivated canine distemper virus (cdv) or one injection of a live cdv or live measles virus (mv) vaccine. three unimmunized dogs were used as controls. all 9 dogs were challenged with virulent cdv (snyder hill strain). the three unimmunized dogs developed severe signs of disease with a lethal infection in one. the two dogs immunized with live cdv vaccine developed a strong humoral as well as cellular immune respons ...	1984	6497659
multiple sclerosis in a glasgow tenement.	two males and two females brought up in the same glasgow tenement later developed multiple sclerosis. two of the four, a brother and sister, owned a dog who died of distemper when they were respectively eight and 12 years old.	1984	6531690
immunoassays for measles virus nucleocapsid antigen: effect of antigen-antibody complexes.	an inhibition radioimmunoassay and a two-site immunoradiometric (four-layer) assay for the quantification of measles virus nucleocapsid antigen were established and their sensitivities compared. both assays exhibited threshold sensitivities of from 1 to 10 ng nucleocapsid antigen per ml. concentrations of reagents used in the assays were shown to be an important factor determining the sensitivities of the assays. purified mumps or parainfluenza 2 virus nucleocapsids did not compete with measles ...	1984	6541679
multifocal cerebellar cortical necrosis caused by canine distemper virus infection in a raccoon.		1984	6542559
immunoglobulin class response to canine distemper virus in gnotobiotic dogs.	serial serum samples from 27 gnotobiotic dogs infected with r252-canine distemper virus (cdv) were tested for anti-viral igg, igm and iga immunoglobulins using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the results were compared retrospectively to clinicopathological course of disease and to previously reported patterns of complement-fixing and virus neutralizing antibody titers determined in these same sera. virus-specific iga was never detected in the sera. high levels of igg correlated wit ...	1983	6659339
canine distemper virus-induced glial cell changes in vitro.	in vitro studies on glial cell changes in canine distemper virus (cdv) infection could be useful for the understanding of the pathogenesis of demyelination in vivo in this disease. mixed glial cell cultures derived from neonatal mice and dogs were infected with cdv and examined using immunocytochemical techniques demonstrating specific oligodendroglial and astroglial cell markers. astrocytic changes were similar in both murine and canine cultures and consisted of loss of processes, cell fusion, ...	1983	6659878
an immunological study of infection of hamsters with large and small plaque canine distemper viruses.	the small plaque virus (spv), derived from the onderstepoort strain of canine distemper virus (cdv) does not cause a lethal encephalitis in weanling hamsters. when we immunosuppressed hamsters infected with this virus they developed an acute disease, similar to that produced by the large plaque virus (lpv). passive transfer of maternal antibody from spv infected mothers to their offspring was effective in preventing acute disease following lpv infection. co-infection of animals with both lpv and ...	1983	6683494
chronic encephalomyelitis caused by canine distemper virus in a bengal tiger.	a chronic progressive neurologic disease was observed and monitored for 18 months in a young, tamed bengal tiger. clinical, serologic, and neuropathologic evidence of canine distemper virus infection was seen. clinical signs included convulsions, myoclonus, and slowly progressive ataxia. marked increases in neutralizing antibodies against canine distemper virus were seen in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid. neuropathologic findings were nonsuppurative meningoencephalomyelitis, with perivascular ...	1983	6685717
mechanism of persistence with canine distemper virus: difference between a laboratory strain and an isolate from a dog with chronic neurological disease.	the mechanism of persistence in culture was different with canine distemper virus (cdv) isolated from a dog with chronic neurological disease (ode; old dog encephalitis) compared to a laboratory strain (cdv/ond). cdv/ond persistence was achieved after seven undiluted passages while cdv/ode-8, the recent isolate, showed immediate persistence in vero cells. both persistent infections resisted challenge with lytic cdv/ond but not with unrelated vesicular stomatitis virus. the medium from cdv/ond in ...	1984	6698761
canine distemper encephalomyelitis: variation with virus strain.	disease induced by 3 virulent strains of canine distemper virus (cdv) was compared in specific pathogen-free beagle dogs. all strains produced an encephalomyelitis but variation was observed in the severity, clinical course and resulting neuropathology. infection with snyder hill strain of cdv was consistently acute; dogs either succumbed 14 to 19 days post-inoculation (pi) or recovered. lesions in the neuraxis were those of a polioencephalomyelitis. in contrast, cdv strain a75-17 produced subac ...	1984	6699231
molecular cloning of the nucleoprotein gene of canine distemper virus.	messenger rnas labelled in vivo in vero cells infected with canine distemper virus were analysed by electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gels containing 2 m-formaldehyde. seven virus-specific rna bands could be distinguished which were not sensitive to actinomycin d treatment and were confined to the polyadenylated rna fraction. the most abundant virus-specific mrna species had a molecular weight of 0.52 x 10(6) and its coding capacity was consistent with it being the mrna for the most abundant virus ...	1984	6699620
comparison of subcutaneous and intramuscular administration of a live attenuated distemper virus vaccine in ferrets.		1984	6719805
immunoperoxidase labeling of canine distemper virus replication cycle in vero cells.	an indirect immunocytochemical labeling technique, using horseradish peroxidase-conjugated antibody was used to detect the intracellular and surface membrane localization of canine distemper virus (r252-cdv) antigens during productive virus replication in infected vero cells. specific labeling of intracellular viral antigens was restricted to rough nucleocapsid aggregates. surface membrane labeling correlated directly with the appearances both of virus-specific membrane spikes and buds and of ma ...	1982	6756226
one hundred years of small animal practice.		1982	6758309
in vitro modulation of viral cell surface glycoproteins by anti-viral antibody in the presence of complement.	in the presence of optimal concentrations of both anti-viral igg and complement, cells persistently infected with either measles virus (ds6-pi) or canine distemper virus (cdv-pi) could be lysed. in contrast, in the presence of adequate concentrations of anti-viral igg but no complement the viral antigens expressed on the cell surface of ds6-pi and cdv-pi cells were lost, i.e. the cells were modulated. it was however possible to show that with critical concentrations of anti-viral igg but with on ...	1982	6762269
radioimmunoassay of measles virus nucleocapsid antigen.	a double antibody competitive binding radioimmunoassay (ria) was developed as a tool for investigating the involvement of measles virus in persistent virus infections. the assay employs 125i-labelled measles virus nucleocapsids as the labelled antigen. nucleocapsids were purified from cytoplasmic extracts of virus-infected vero cells, treated with trypsin to prevent clumping and iodinated to a specific activity of about 15 microci/microgram. electrophoretic analysis of iodinated trypsin-treated ...	1980	6770034
a comparison of measles and canine distemper virus polypeptides.	the polypeptides induced by canine distemper virus (cdv) strains have been characterized by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis of infected cell lysates labelled with 35s-methionine, 14c-amino acids, 3h-glucosamine and 3h-mannose, or 32p-orthophosphate. seven virus-induced polypeptides have been asigned the following nomenclature and mol. wt.: a large polypeptide l (180,000); a large glycoprotein g (77,000); a nucleocapsid-associated protein p (73,000); the nucleocapsid protein n (60,000); t ...	1980	6770040
the neurovirulence of large- and small-plaque canine-distemper viruses for hamsters.		1980	6778731
the interaction of cells persistently infected with canine distemper virus with antiviral antibody and complement.	cells persistently infected with canine distemper virus can be lysed by antibody and complement. this reaction is dependent upon the alternative complement pathway. in the absence of antiviral antibody, the virus-infected cells will activate the alternative complement pathway, although this will not produce cell lysis.	1983	6850842
antibody responses to virion polypeptides in gnotobiotic dogs infected with canine distemper virus.	a radioimmunoprecipitation-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique was applied to sera from canine distemper virus-infected dogs. sera from fatally infected dogs precipitated only the nucleoprotein, the matrix protein, and trace amounts of fusion glycoprotein. sera from normal convalescent dogs precipitated all five major polypeptides. in contrast, sera from persistently infected dogs were characterized by a modest overall response compared with sera from convalescent dogs and by no or litt ...	1983	6874079
structural polypeptides of canine distemper virus.	the structural polypeptides of two strains of canine distemper virus and the lec strain of measles virus were analysed by sds-polyacrylamide-slab-gel electrophoresis. one strain of canine distemper virus derived from a live vaccine (convac, dumex), contained six major structural polypeptides with mol.wt. of 85, 78, 59, 43, 41 and 34 x 10(3). the 85k polypeptide was glycosylated. it was interpreted to be equivalent ot the 79k glycoprotein of the measles hemagglutinin. the second strain, a rapidly ...	1980	6893798
survival of pathogenic distemper virus at 5c and 25c.		1980	6899617
viruria in dogs infected with canine distemper.		1981	6914857
encephalitis and meningitis.		1980	6967647
canine distemper virus: review of structural and functional modulations in lymphoid tissues.		1980	6989302
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for evaluation of antibody to canine distemper virus.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for canine immunoglobulin (ig) g antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdv) was developed and its test results were compared with those of the serum-neutralization (sn) test. the sera of 273 random-source adult dogs were examined. the two tests had a high degree of correlation. very few discrepancies occurred and most of these were at the lower limits of each test. when the sera were tested at 1:100 dilution, there was a 98% agreement between the elis ...	1980	6996542
comparative aspects of pathogenicity of measles, canine distemper, and rinderpest viruses.		1980	6997585
[evidence of canine distemper virus in kidneys of apparently healthy ferrets (author's transl)].		1980	7006506
characterization of measles polypeptides by monoclonal antibodies.		1981	7008338
demonstration of canine distemper viral antigen in paraffin sections, using an unlabeled antibody-enzyme method.	a peroxidase technique was used for the immunohistochemic demonstration of canine distemper viral antigen in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. the antigen was detected in epithelial cells and nerve cells of young dogs. the application of a combined peroxidase and hematoxylin and eosin stain as a diagnostic technique is discussed.	1980	7011122
canine distemper virus titration in ferret peritoneal macrophages.	the sensitivity of a ferret peritoneal macrophage fluorescent antibody technique for assay of various strains of canine distemper virus was investigated. the macrophage system was compared with established methods of titration in canine kidney cell culture, vero cell culture, and embryonated chicken eggs. it was found to be as sensitive as and in several instances more sensitive than the established methods.	1981	7011675
canine distemper virus infection of weanling mice. pathogenesis of cns disease.	intracerebral inoculation of canine distemper virus (cdv) into weanling balb/c, icr an sjl mice produced acute encephalitis 2 - 3 weeks later. all animals that became ill exhibited lethargy an hind-limb paralysis followed by death. balb/c mice were more susceptible to cdv than icr or sjl mice. pathologic changes were characterized primarily by meningitis and focal areas of parenchymal inflammation, necrosis and microglial hypertrophy. cdv was readily isolated from infected mouse brain 10 - 23 da ...	1981	7031188
differentiation of measles virus strains and a strain of canine distemper virus by monoclonal antibodies.	monoclonal antibodies raised against the hallé strain of measles virus were tested for their strain specificity using other measles virus isolates (edmonston, leningrad, lec and two fresh isolates jt and fasquelle). monoclonal antibodies to l, ha and np polypeptides, with one exception, reacted with all the measles virus strains tested; antibody from hybrid line 25 failed to react with the np polypeptide of jt virus by immunofluorescence or radioimmunoprecipitation. three other monoclonal antibo ...	1981	7033473
a virally induced obesity syndrome in mice.	an obesity syndrome was found in a number of mice infected as young adults with canine distemper virus, a morbillivirus antigenically related to measles. body weights of obese animals 16 to 20 weeks after infection were comparable to those reported for genetically obese mice and for mice rendered obese by hypothalamic lesions. the total number of adipocytes in specific fat deposits was greater in obese animals than in their lean littermates. this hyperplasia was accompanied by moderate cell enla ...	1982	7038878
[canine distemper--the history of a disease].		1982	7048524
canine parvovirus infection potentiates canine distemper encephalitis attributable to modified live-virus vaccine.	twelve gnotobiotic dogs from 2 litters were allotted to 3 groups. group a dogs received a modified-live polyvalent (canine distemper, adenovirus type 2, and parainfluenza virus and leptospira -canicola-icterohemorrhagiae bacterin) vaccine 3 days prior to oral inoculation with canine parvovirus (cpv). group b dogs received cpv alone. group c dogs received 1 dose of vaccine only. in none of the 9 cpv-inoculated dogs did clinical signs of cpv infection develop, although high serum antibody titers f ...	1982	7061309
multiple sclerosis among veterinarians.		1982	7062987
distemper and multiple sclerosis in sitka, alaska.		1982	7073251
ultrastructural study of long-term canine distemper virus infection in tissue culture cells.	the morphogenesis of canine distemper virus was studied in vero cell cultures for 43 days post-inoculation. active replication of the virus was observed by electron microscopy and assay from 12 h after inoculation on, and peak production was observed on days 5, 14, and 22. from day 28 on, constant but smaller amounts of infectious virus were detected. two ultrastructural types of intracytoplasmic nucleoprotein filaments were observed; although they first appeared at different times, their subseq ...	1982	7076301
demyelination in experimental canine distemper virus infection: immunological, pathologic, and immunohistological studies.		1982	7090737
canine bladder epithelial cells in culture: susceptibility to canine distemper and measles viruses.	a canine bladder epithelial cell strain was established in culture for the study of canine distemper virus. epithelial cells were scraped off the bladder with a scalpel and were cultured in enriched eagle's medium. cells were enzymatically dispersed and passed over 46 population doublings which covered a period of more than 3 years. the cells were heteroploid when karyotyped at passage level 5 and 42. this cell strain permitted direct isolation of canine distemper virus and also showed susceptib ...	1982	7103210
lymphocyte-mediated immune cytotoxicity in dogs infected with virulent canine distemper virus.	immune lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (ilmc) was evaluated in dogs after intranasal exposure to one of the following three virulent strains of canine distemper virus: cornell a75/17, ohio r252, and snyder hill. cytotoxicity was tested with peripheral blood lymphocytes as effector cells and primary dog testicle cells that were matched for histocompatibility as target cells. a strong correlation was found between ilmc and the course of the infection. dogs that succumbed to encephalitis with any ...	1982	7118251
viral inclusions in hematopoietic precursors in a dog with distemper--.		1982	7118714
radioimmunoassay of measles virus hemagglutinin protein g.	guinea pig and rabbit antisera from animals immunized with purified measles virus hemagglutinin (g) protein were used to establish a solid-phase four-layer radioimmunoassay for quantitative measurement of the g protein. the sensitive of the assay was 2 ng of purified g protein, and 200 micrograms of protein from uninfected vero cells neither decreased the sensitivity nor reacted non-specifically in the assay. radioimmunoassay standard dose-response curves were established and unknown values inte ...	1982	7130334
polypeptides of canine distemper virus strains derived from dogs with chronic neurological diseases.		1982	7135831
experimental canine distemper encephalomyelitis in neonatal gnotobiotic dogs. a sequential ultrastructural study.	the ultrastructural morphogenesis of neuronal degeneration and necrosis and patterns of associated myelin and axonal degeneration were studied in gnotobiotic dogs neonatally infected with neurovirulent r252 strain of canine distemper virus (cdv-r252). distemper virus-infected neurons underwent a distinct sequence of ultrastructural changes culminating in direct viral-induced necrosis beginning after 21 days post inoculation (dpi). viral-induced neuronal cytolysis occurs apparently independently ...	1982	7136507
primary demyelination in experimental canine distemper virus induced encephalomyelitis in gnotobiotic dogs. sequential immunologic and morphologic findings.		1982	7136512
development of a modified live, canine origin parvovirus vaccine.	a modified live, canine origin parvovirus vaccine was tested for safety, efficacy, and clinical performance. the vaccine protected dogs from challenge of immunity with canine parvovirus (cpv) that caused clinical illness in all nonvaccinated dogs. vaccinates all developed cpv serum neutralization antibody titers, with a mean value of 1,664. challenge virus was not isolated from vaccinates, but feces from nonvaccinated dogs were cpv-positive for up to 4 days following challenge. in a pathogenicit ...	1982	7141990
a study of measles virus and canine distemper virus antibodies, and of childhood infections in multiple sclerosis patients and controls.	we investigated the levels of neutralizing antibodies to measles virus and canine distemper virus (cdv) in 72 multiple sclerosis patients (ms) and matched controls and also examined the frequency and age of onset of a number of childhood illnesses, including measles. the frequency of each childhood illness was not significantly different between cases and controls, but cases did report a later age at measles infection. our data suggest that the risk of ms is increased by a factor of 1.9 if measl ...	1982	7143023
effects of chloramphenicol on the development of immune responses to canine distemper virus in beagle pups.	the effect of oral chloramphenicol (chpc) on the development of immune responses to canine distemper virus (cdv) in beagle pups was studied. dogs were treated with chpc for 14 days at a dose of 50 mg/kg, three times a day. hematologic changes in chpc-treated dogs included: polychromasia, anisocytosis, and target cell formation of red blood cells concurrent with vacuolation of lymphocytes and basophilic granule formation in neutrophils. dogs given this therapy showed normal in vivo and in vitro i ...	1982	7143554
the effect of immunes on the spread of distemper in small ferret populations.		1980	7189705
induction of chronic neurologic disease in mice with canine distemper virus.	the capacity of a mouse-adapted strain of canine distemper virus (cdv) to induce central nervous system (cns) disease in weanling mice was investigated. lethality of infection was found to be mouse-strain-dependent. in sensitive strains, an acute meningoencephalomyelitis developed. brain tissue from acutely ill animals demonstrated numerous foci of viral antigen, and extracts yielded infectious virus. mice of resistant strains, notably the sjl strain, survived the effects of acute infection, app ...	1980	7190253
the isolation of large and small plaque canine distemper viruses which differ in their neurovirulence for hamsters.	large and small plaque-forming viruses were isolated from the onderstepoort strain of canine distemper virus (cdv). small plaque virus, which was released more slowly from infected cells than large plaque virus, readily established persistent infections in vero cells, whereas large plaque virus required undilute passage to do so. all persistently infected cultures eventually released small plaque virus. no difference was found in the size of polypeptides induced by either plaque-purified viruses ...	1981	7197298
vaccination-induced distemper in kinkajous.	following vaccination for distemper, using a modified live-virus vaccine developed for dogs, 2 young kinkajous (potos flavus) developed diarrhea, then central nervous system disease. clinical signs included myoclonus, head trembling, loss of muscular coordination, and convulsions. one kinkajou gradually recovered; the other seemed to recover, then relapsed and was euthanatized. microscopic lesions included those of interstitial pneumonia and enteritis and multifocal lymphocytic inflammation, gli ...	1981	7199035
response of gray foxes to modified live-virus canine distemper vaccines.	ten gray foxes seronegative for canine distemper virus were vaccinated with 1 of 3 commercial modified live-virus canine distemper vaccines. of 5 foxes receiving vaccine a (chicken tissue culture origin), 4 developed significant titers (greater than or equal to 1:100) of neutralizing antibody to canine distemper virus and remained clinically normal after vaccination. two of 3 foxes vaccinated with vaccine b (canine cell line origin) and both foxes receiving vaccine c (canine cell line origin) di ...	1981	7199036
distemper vaccine breakdowns.		1981	7210450
measles and canine distemper virus antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis determined by radioimmunoassay.		1980	7211163
measles virus and chronic neurological diseases.		1981	7212662
serum antibody levels before and after administration of live canine distemper vaccine to the wild dog lycaon pictus.	antibodies against canine distemper virus were determined before and after the administration of a live canine distemper virus vaccine to 16 wild dogs lycaon pictus. antibody levels were either very low or non-detectable. the results were inconclusive.	1980	7241502
the effect of surgery in dogs on the response to concomitant distemper vaccination.		1980	7247892
serologic response to canine distemper vaccine in dogs convalescing from salmon poisoning complex.	six of 7 dogs that had recently recovered from clinical salmon poisoning complex (spc) responded to vaccination for canine distemper with an increased titer, as did 2 of 3 controls. the humoral immune response of dogs convalescing from spc apparently is not compromised.	1981	7254185
canine distemper virus-associated cardiac necrosis in the dog.	an age-related canine distemper virus-associated cardiomyopathy characterized by multifocal myocardial degeneration necrosis and mineralization with minimal inflammatory cell response was found in gnotobiotic beagle pups. of the 30 dogs infected experimentally at 5 to 7 days of age with virulent r252 strain of canine distemper virus, 11 had gross or microscopic cardiac involvement as early as 16 days post-infection. the 25 dogs similarly infected at 10 to 21 days of age, the uninfected age-match ...	1981	7257089
characterization of bovine cells, supporting in vitro growth of virulent and attenuated canine distemper virus.		1981	7271048
autorosette formation of erythrocytes on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in dogs vaccinated with canine distemper live-virus vaccine.	a time course study of the peripheral blood leukocytes of dogs vaccinated with canine distemper live virus (a paramyxovirus) vaccines showed that autorosette-forming leukocytes appeared from day 3 to day 10 after vaccination. the number of these cells peaked at day 7 when as many as 35% of mononuclear cells formed rosettes with autologous erythrocytes. in contrast, in nonvaccinated dogs, only 0.6 +/- 0.3% (standard error of the mean) of mononuclear cells formed rosettes throughout the 2-week per ...	1981	7275313
parvovirus infection and distemper vaccination.		1981	7275741
no increase in multiple sclerosis among veterinarians.		1981	7278893
lesions of the enamel organ of developing dog teeth following experimental inoculation of gnotobiotic puppies with canine distemper virus.	ten 7-day-old gnotobiotic beagle puppies were inoculated intraperitoneally with virulent canine distemper virus (r252-cdv). the dogs were killed and perfused with paraformaldehyde/glutaraldehyde from eight to 36 days after inoculation. the developing teeth of the mandibles were examined by light microscopy, and the teeth from three dogs were examined by electron microscopy. necrosis of individual cells in the stratum intermedium of the developing tooth was the first change, detectable at day 9 p ...	1981	7281465
monoclonal antibodies against measles virus.	monoclonal antibodies were produced in vitro by fusing mouse myeloma cells (sp2) with spleen cells derived from balb/c mice immunized with purified measles virus. fifteen independent hybrid cell lines, isolated from two separate fusions, were maintained in culture for up to 5 months without loss of their antibody-secreting activity. radioimmunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that in five of the hybrid lines the antibodies were directed against haemagglutinin, in two a ...	1981	7288410
infection of canine mononuclear leucocytes by measles virus: possible mechanism of protection from canine distemper.	measles virus was shown to be infectious to canine lymphocytes from peripheral blood as well as from different lymphoid tissues, and the same held true for canine macrophage cultures prepared from peripheral blood. the susceptibility of these leucocytes to measles virus was comparable with that of canine distemper virus. these observations supported the suggestion that interference with canine distemper virus by measles could be a possible mechanism of the heterotypic immunity observed in dogs.	1981	7317858
effect of myocoplasma on growth of canine distemper virus in vero cells.		1981	7328976
hippocampal necrosis associated with canine distemper virus infection.		1981	7336553
chronic canine distemper virus encephalitis in mature dogs.	five dogs 2 to 8 years old with old dog encephalitis were compared to five other dogs, 4 to 8 1/2 years old, with prolonged multifocal demyelinating distemper encephalitis. the dogs with old dog encephalitis had a diffuse panencephalitis involving most areas of the central nervous system with relative sparing of the cerebellum. the clinical signs were related to the cortical and subcortical lesions. the other dogs had severe focal necrotizing lesions mostly in the cerebellum and in the vicinity ...	1980	7352359
the polypeptides of canine distemper virus: synthesis in infected cells and relatedness to the polypeptides of other morbilliviruses.		1980	7352374
plasmalogenase and phospholipase a1, a2, and l1 activities in white matter in canine distemper virus-associated demyelinating encephalomyelitis.	three weeks after inoculation of 24-day-old gnotobiotic dogs with snyder-hill canine distemper virus, white matter samples were taken from the primary predilection sites for canine distemper virus-associated demyelination. the plasmalogenase activity in extracts was nearly 6-fold greater than control values for a dog with extensive demyelination and was not detectable in tissue from a dog with non-demyelinating lesions. acid and neutral phospholipases a1 and a2 were assayed in homogenates and ex ...	1980	7355670
plasma phase viremia in canine distemper virus infection.	plasma samples from gnotobiotic pups infected with r252 canine distemper virus at 7 days of age contained free infective virus when titrated on canine pulmonary macrophage cultures. virus was detected 7 days after infection and increased thereafter. platelets may be involved in leukocyte-free viremia. the present study indicated that the method of dissemination of the virus in vivo involves plasma and canine distemper virus-infected leukocytes.	1980	7362119
multiple sclerosis and distemper in iceland 1966-1978.	a highly restricted epidemic of canine distemper occurred in southwest iceland in 1966-67. we have determined the extent of dog contact and exposure to dogs during the distemper epidemic in icelandic ms patients with onset since 1966. further, age of onset, and annual incidence of ms from 1966 through 1978 have been determined. thirty-five of 36 ms patients had close dog contact prior to onset of their illness, and 34 were in the area of the distemper epidemic during 1966-67. a significant decre ...	1980	7376823
immune mechanisms against canine distemper. iii. role of complement lysis in the immunity and persistent infection of canine distemper virus.	antibody-mediated complement lysis of vero cells and canine macrophages infected with canine distemper virus (cdv) was demonstratee in an in vitro 51cr release assay. this cytolytic activity was found to be highly efficient and was optimal under conditions which favoured the capping of redistribution of surface viral antigens. a prozone was observed in the presence of high antibody concentration and could not be eliminated by repeated washings. by tagging antibody-coated target cells with 125i-l ...	1980	7380468
intracerebral synthesis of antibodies to measles and distemper viruses in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and multiple sclerosis.	serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) measles and distemper antibody levels were quantified in a series of twenty patients (four subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe); ten multiple sclerosis (ms); six non-ms neurological cases) using independent competitive inhibition radioimmunoassays. these results were used in a tourtellotte calculation to measure the intracerebral igg synthesis to each virus. the results confirmed that in sspe there is a greatly enhanced intracerebral measles antibody syn ...	1980	7389198
natural and immune cytolysis of canine distemper virus-infected target cells.	natural and immune cytolysis of canine distemper virus (cdv)-infected target cells in vitro is described. lymphocytes expressing natural cytotoxicity were found in specific-pathogen-free beagle dogs and in beagle-coonhound crosses before vaccination with cdv and indefinitely after vaccination, when the ephemeral immune lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (ilmc) had declined. in contrast to the natural lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, the ilmc was genetically restricted, could not be blocked by cdv ...	1980	7399692
isolation of canine distemper virus from dogs with chronic neurological diseases.		1980	7403107
pet ownership, distemper antibodies and multiple sclerosis.	the incidence of cat or dog ownership was similar in 64 multiple sclerosis (ms) patients in south-east england and age- and sex-matched controls. 86% of both groups had owned a cat or dog before the date of onset of ms in the index case so that it would be difficult to detect an association between pet ownership and ms. the titres of neutralising antibody to canine distemper virus were higher in the ms patients (mean 48 +/- 68) than the controls (32 +/- 35), a significant difference (p < 0.05). ...	1980	7420118
virulence of tissue culture-propagated canine distemper virus.	virulence of canine distemper virus (cdv) adapted to in vitro growth in vero or bovine cells was determined by inoculation into cdv-susceptible neonatal gnotobiotic dogs. when compared with dogs given virulent r252-cdv, vero r252-cdv was attenuated at passage level 14. in contrast, dogs inoculated with bovine r252-cdv at the same passage level experienced rapid fatal neurological disease. virulence was not linked to ability to infect or replicate in canine pulmonary macrophage cultures. retentio ...	1980	7429639
humoral immunity to canine distemper after immunization of dogs with inactivated and live measles virus.	pairs of dogs were immunized with 2 injections of a) measles virus material containing hemagglutinin but no hemolysin [tween 80 and ether (te) treated] b) material containing both hemagglutinin and hemolysin (freeze-dried and heated at 95 degrees c for 30 minutes), and c) live measles virus. two unimmunized dogs were used as controls. all 8 dogs were challenged with virulent canine distemper virus (cdv). the two unimmunized dogs contracted a lethal infection, whereas immunized animals only showe ...	1980	7447704