Publications

efficacy of feline panleucopenia vaccine to prevent infection with an isolate of cpv2b obtained from a cat.	cats vaccinated against fplv were protected against infection with a feline isolate of cpv2b. nonvaccinated cats developed a lymphopenia and excreted virus which infected susceptible in-contact cats.	1999	10515267
emergence and recent evolution of canine parvovirus.	this review summarizes the current knowledge about the emergence of canine parvovirus from an ancestor virus similar to feline panleukopenia virus most likely from a wild carnivore host. the recent evolution of cpv, namely the emergence of new antigenic types, their biological properties and global distribution are also discussed.	1999	10515268
feline interferon-omega treatment on canine parvovirus infection.	recombinant feline interferon-omega preparation (rfeifn-omega, trade name: intercat) showed good clinical efficacy on canine parvovirus infection both in an experimental trial with beagles, and in field trials.	1999	10515269
spi-1-dependent host range of rabbitpox virus and complex formation with cathepsin g is associated with serpin motifs.	serpins are a superfamily of serine proteinase inhibitors which function to regulate a number of key biological processes including fibrinolysis, inflammation, and cell migration. poxviruses are the only viruses known to encode functional serpins. while some poxvirus serpins regulate inflammation (myxoma virus serp1 and cowpox virus [cpv] crma/spi-2) or apoptosis (myxoma virus serp2 and cpv crma/spi-2), the function of other poxvirus serpins remains unknown. the rabbitpox virus (rpv) spi-1 prote ...	1999	10516006
minor displacements in the insertion site provoke major differences in the induction of antibody responses by chimeric parvovirus-like particles.	an antigen-delivery system based on hybrid virus-like particles (vlps) formed by the self-assembly of the capsid vp2 protein of canine parvovirus (cpv) and expressing foreign peptides was investigated. in this report, we have studied the effects of inserting the poliovirus c3:b epitope in the four loops and the c terminus of the cpv vp2 on the particle structure and immunogenicity. epitope insertions in the four loops allowed the recovery of capsids in all of the mutants. however, only insertion ...	1999	10544085
plasma granulocyte colony-stimulating factor concentrations in neutropenic, parvoviral enteritis-infected puppies.	we evaluated the temporal relationship between neutrophil numbers and plasma granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) concentrations in dogs infected with canine parvovirus, a common infectious cause of neutropenia. g-csf is produced in response to neutropenia, infection, or inflammation, and results in the production and release of neutrophils from the bone marrow. adequate numbers of functional neutrophils are necessary for protection from infection, and the timely production of g-csf is ...	1999	10587260
presence of antibodies to canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus and canine adenovirus type 1 in free-ranging jackals (canis adustus and canis mesomelas) in zimbabwe.	a survey of free-ranging jackals (canis adustus and canis mesomelas) in zimbabwe was conducted to determine the prevalence of serum antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus (cpv) and canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1). sera from 16 canis adustus and 22 canis mesomelas were collected from 1990 to 1993 from various regions of zimbabwe and assayed by means of immunofluorescent techniques. seroprevalence in c. adustus and c. mesomelas respectively were 50% and 63.6% for cdv, 12.5% ...	1999	10631712
cellular uptake and infection by canine parvovirus involves rapid dynamin-regulated clathrin-mediated endocytosis, followed by slower intracellular trafficking.	canine parvovirus (cpv) is a small, nonenveloped virus that is a host range variant of a virus which infected cats and changes in the capsid protein control the ability of the virus to infect canine cells. we used a variety of approaches to define the early stages of cell entry by cpv. electron microscopy showed that virus particles concentrated within clathrin-coated pits and vesicles early in the uptake process and that the infecting particles were rapidly removed from the cell surface. overex ...	2000	10644365
genetic characterization of feline parvovirus sequences from various carnivores.	infections with viruses of the feline parvovirus subgroup such as feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), mink enteritis virus (mev) and canine parvovirus (cpv-2) [together with its new antigenic types (cpv-2a, cpv-2b)] have been reported from several wild carnivore species. to examine the susceptibility of different species to the various parvoviruses and their antigenic types, samples from wild carnivores with acute parvovirus infections were collected. viral dna was amplified, and subsequently anal ...	2000	10644832
high-level expression of canine parvovirus vp2 using bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus vector.	for the potential use as recombinant vaccine, canine parvovirus (cpv) major capsid protein vp2 was expressed using bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (bmnpv) vector. cpv vp2 gene was introduced into polyhedrin-based bmnpv transfer vector pbmksk3, and recombinant virus bmk1-parvo was prepared. when anti-cpv.vp2 monoclonal antibody was employed in immunofluorescence staining, an intense signal was observed within bmk1-parvo-infected bm5 cells but not within uninfected cells or cells infected with a ...	2000	10664415
seroconversion of puppies to canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus: a comparison of two combination vaccines.	sixty puppies were randomly assigned to receive one of two commercially available combination vaccines, and responses to the canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus components of the vaccines were determined by measuring serum antibody titers. the percentage of puppies that seroconverted to canine parvovirus was significantly higher and the mean time for seroconversion was significantly shorter for puppies that received one of the vaccines than for puppies that received the other vaccine. p ...	2000	10730624
intestinal candidiasis in a dog.		2000	10731076
[distribution of antigen types of canine parvovirus in switzerland, austria and germany].	in this study the distribution of the various antigenic types of canine parvovirus in switzerland, austria, and germany was investigated. from 14 samples from switzerland, 35 samples from austria, and 82 samples from germany exclusively the new antigenic types cpv-2a and cpv-2b were isolated. most of these isolates had a ser-val mutation at amino acid 297, which was shown to be prevalent in recent cpv isolates from various parts of the world. these findings are discussed with regard to the use o ...	2000	10748710
comparison of two single-chain antibodies that neutralize canine parvovirus: analysis of an antibody-combining site and mechanisms of neutralization.	we cloned the heavy- and light-chain variable domains of two monoclonal antibodies that recognize each of the two major neutralizing antigenic sites of the canine parvovirus (cpv) capsid. after expression in escherichia coli as single-chain variable domains (scfv) with glycine-serine linker sequences, both scfv bound cpv capsids with the same specificity as the intact igg, but with 10- to 20-fold lower avidity. both scfvs neutralized cpv infectivity with efficiency similar to that of the igg. al ...	2000	10753725
a group b coxsackievirus/poliovirus 5' nontranslated region chimera can act as an attenuated vaccine strain in mice.	the linear, single-stranded enterovirus rna genome is flanked at either end with a nontranslated region (ntr). by replacing the entire 5' ntr of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) with that from type 1 poliovirus, a progeny virus was obtained following transfection of hela cells. the chimeric virus, cpv/49, replicates like the parental cvb3 strain in hela cells but is attenuated for replication and yield in primary human coronary artery endothelial cell cultures, in a human pancreas tumor cell line, and i ...	2000	10756016
a comparative study of a new rapid and one-step test for the detection of parvovirus in faeces from dogs, cats and mink.	a one-step immunochromatographic test, based on the use of monoclonal antibodies, was developed for the detection of canine parvovirus (cpv) in dog faeces. in addition to canine parvovirus the test can also be used for the diagnosis of infections with viruses causing parvovirus enteritis in cats (feline panleukopenia virus) and mink (mink enteritis virus). four hundred and forty-three faecal samples were evaluated by comparative testing between this one-step test and three different enzyme-linke ...	2000	10763385
cytoplasmic trafficking of the canine parvovirus capsid and its role in infection and nuclear transport.	to begin a successful infection, viruses must first cross the host cell plasma membrane, either by direct fusion with the membrane or by receptor-mediated endocytosis. after release into the cytoplasm those viruses that replicate in the nucleus must target their genome to that location. we examined the role of cytoplasmic transport of the canine parvovirus (cpv) capsid in productive infection by microinjecting two antibodies that recognize the intact cpv capsid into the cytoplasm of cells and al ...	2000	10775624
"methylation-coupled" transcription by virus-associated transcriptase of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus containing double-stranded rna.	s-adenosyl-l-methionine (sam) activated the virus-associated rna polymerase of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus in vitro. synthesis of single-stranded viral rna (mrna) proceeded depending on the presence of sam.a methyl residue of sam was incorporated into an rna molecule. a ribose moiety of adenylic acid in the 5'-terminal region of the nascent rna was methylated in the very early stage of the transcription. the dependence of the viral transcription on the presence of sam and the methylation of t ...	1974	10793759
the incidence of gastroenteritis diagnosis among sick dogs presented to the onderstepoort veterinary academic hospital correlated with meteorological data.	the number of sick dogs diagnosed with and without gastroenteritis presented to the onderstepoort veterinary academic hospital situated north of pretoria is reported from counts extracted from the records of the outpatients clinic for 6 years, 1988 to 1993. the average percentage of sick dogs diagnosed with gastroenteritis was 11.51% and the average percentage of sick dogs that were admitted to the parvovirus isolation hospital ward was 2.8%. a strong correlation exists between the number of dog ...	1999	10855830
immunization of pups with maternally derived antibodies to canine parvovirus (cpv) using a modified-live variant (cpv-2b).	the results of vaccination trials carried out on pups with maternally derived antibodies (mda) to canine parvovirus (cpv), using a modified-live cpv-2b variant vaccine (29-97/40 strain), are reported. the vaccine was able to overcome the obstacle of mda, and to elicit protective immunity in 100% of the pups whose antibody titres were 1:10-1:40, 83% of the pups with titres of 1:80, 57% of the pups with titres of 1:160, and even in 60% of the pups with antibody titres of 1:320.	2000	10861195
the cowpox virus spi-3 and myxoma virus serp1 serpins are not functionally interchangeable despite their similar proteinase inhibition profiles in vitro.	the myxoma virus (myx) serpin serp1 is a secreted glycoprotein with anti-inflammatory activity that is required for full myx virulence in vivo. the cowpox virus (cpv) serpin spi-3 (vaccinia virus orf k2l) is a nonsecreted glycoprotein that blocks cell-cell fusion, independent of serpin activity, and is not required for virulence of vaccinia virus or cpv in mice. although spi-3 has only 29% overall identity to serp1, both serpins have arginine at the p1 position in the reactive center loop, and s ...	2000	10873771
host range and variability of calcium binding by surface loops in the capsids of canine and feline parvoviruses.	canine parvovirus (cpv) emerged in 1978 as a host range variant of feline panleukopenia virus (fpv). this change of host was mediated by the mutation of five residues on the surface of the capsid. cpv and fpv enter cells by endocytosis and can be taken up by many non-permissive cell lines, showing that their host range and tissue specificity are largely determined by events occurring after cell entry. we have determined the structures of a variety of strains of cpv and fpv at various ph values a ...	2000	10884355
molecular characterization of canine parvovirus in brazil by polymerase chain reaction assay.	canine parvovirus (cpv) was first isolated in 1978 in the usa. analysis of cpv isolates by monoclonal antibodies and restriction enzymes have shown that after the first emergence of cpv (cpv-2) it evolved to give rise to new antigenic types, which were designated cpv type 2a and type 2b. these new types have replaced the original cpv type 2, although the proportions of each of the new antigenic types vary in different countries. in brazil, cpv-like infections were first observed in 1979, however ...	2000	10889403
antigenic analysis of canine parvovirus strains isolated in italy.	eighty-two canine parvovirus type 2 strains isolated in italy from pups with severe enteritis were characterizated using four monoclonal antibodies. sixty-eight isolates resulted cpv-2a, whereas the other fourteen were a cpv-2b variant. the diffusion of cpv-2 variants in the italian dog population is quite similar to that reported in the united kingdom and australia (cpv-2a more prevalent) and different from the epidemiological conditions of the usa and other countries where cpv-2b is more wides ...	2000	10946411
evaluation of the natural immunity in pups inoculated with a modified-live canine parvovirus type 2b (cpv-2b) strain.	three pups 2-4 months old were vaccinated subcutaneously with the modified live canine parvovirus, cpv-2b/29-97 strain. during an observation period of two weeks pups remained clinically health, exhibiting a vigorous post-vaccinal active serological response (haemoagglutinating inhibiting antibody titers for cpv-2 ranging from 1:2560 to 1:5120 at 21 days post inoculation). phagocytosis and killing of candida albicans exerted by polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes did not undergo significant mo ...	2000	10946825
expression of secreted cytokine and chemokine inhibitors by ectromelia virus.	the production of secreted proteins that bind cytokines and block their activity has been well characterized as an immune evasion strategy of the orthopoxviruses vaccinia virus (vv) and cowpox virus (cpv). however, very limited information is available on the expression of similar cytokine inhibitors by ectromelia virus (ev), a virulent natural mouse pathogen that causes mousepox. we have characterized the expression and binding properties of three major secreted immunomodulatory activities in 1 ...	2000	10954546
comparison of the inactivation of canine and bovine parvovirus by freeze-drying and dry-heat treatment in two high purity factor viii concentrates.	the inactivation of bovine parvovirus (bpv) and canine parvovirus (cpv) by freeze-drying and terminal dry-heat treatment at 80 degrees c for 72 h has been investigated in two high purity factor viii concentrates. in one product, cpv was slightly more resistant to freeze-drying compared to bpv, i.e. 0.7 vs. 1.4 log. however, bpv was substantially more resistant to heat-treatment compared to cpv, i.e. 1.3 vs. > 3.1 log inactivation after 72 h at 80 degrees c. in a second product, cpv was also slig ...	2000	10964445
serologic survey of selected viral agents in recently captured wild north american river otters (lontra canadensis).	blood samples were collected from 64 wild north american river otters (lontra [lutra] canadensis) from northern and eastern new york state and analyzed for serologic evidence of exposure to selected viral agents during a 1995 1996 translocation program. no clinical signs of disease nor lesions suggestive of prior viral exposure were seen. titers were detected for antibodies against canine distemper virus, canine herpesvirus-1, and canine parvovirus-2 but not for antibodies against canine adenovi ...	2000	10982127
clinical use of serum parvovirus and distemper virus antibody titers for determining revaccination strategies in healthy dogs.	to assess whether serum canine parvovirus (cpv) and canine distemper virus (cdv) antibody titers can be used to determine revaccination protocols in healthy dogs.	2000	11019708
acute enteritis or gastroenteritis in young dogs as a predisposing factor for intestinal intussusception: a retrospective study.	various types of intestinal intussusception were diagnosed in 29 of 220 young dogs with acute enteritis or gastroenteritis, due to canine parvovirus (85 cases) or presumably to other infectious agents, inflammation or less common hypermotility and metabolic derangements (135 cases). as the other causes of the disease were excluded, acute enteritis or gastroenteritis was considered to be the most likely predisposing factor for the intestinal intussusception. the most common type of intussusceptio ...	2000	11075543
serologic survey for selected infectious disease agents in swift and kit foxes from the western united states.	a serologic survey of swift fox (vulpes velox) and kit fox (v. macrotis) from the western usa was conducted for 12 infectious diseases. samples from swift fox were collected between 1987 and 1992 from colorado (n = 44), kansas (n = 10), and wyoming (n = 9). samples from kit fox were collected in california (n = 86), new mexico (n = 18), utah (n = 9), and arizona (n = 6). overall antibody prevalence rates were 33 of 110 (30%) for canine parvovirus (cpv), 9 of 72 (13%) for canine distemper virus ( ...	2000	11085448
parvovirus infection of keratinocytes as a cause of canine erythema multiforme.	erythema multiforme major was diagnosed in a dog with necrotizing parvoviral enteritis. skin lesions consisted of ulceration of the footpads, pressure points, mouth, and vaginal mucosa; vesicles in the oral cavity; and erythematous patches on the abdomen and perivulvar skin. microscopic examination of mucosal and haired skin specimens revealed lymphocyte-associated keratinocyte apoptosis at various levels of the epidermis. basophilic cytoplasmic inclusions were seen in basal and suprabasal kerat ...	2000	11105954
predominance of canine parvovirus (cpv) in unvaccinated cat populations and emergence of new antigenic types of cpvs in cats.	serological, sequence, and in vitro host range analyses of feline parvovirus (fpv) isolates in vietnam and taiwan revealed that more than 80% of the isolates were of the canine parvovirus (cpv) type, rather than feline panleukopenia virus (fplv). although parvovirus isolates from three vietnamese leopard cats were genetically related to cpv type 2a or 2b, they had a natural mutation of vp2 residue 300 gly to an asp, resulting in remarkable changes in their antigenic properties. these results ind ...	2000	11112475
thoughts on vaccination protocols.		2000	11128530
thoughts on vaccination protocols.		2000	11128531
evidence of hypercoagulability in dogs with parvoviral enteritis.	to determine whether dogs with naturally occurring canine parvoviral (cpv) enteritis have laboratory evidence of hypercoagulability.	2000	11128540
opposing views of revaccination strategies.		2000	11132877
canine parvovirus capsid assembly and differences in mammalian and insect cells.	we examined the assembly processes of the capsid proteins of canine parvovirus (cpv) in mammalian and insect cells. in cpv-infected cells empty capsids assembled within 15 min, and then continued to form over the following 1 h, while full (dna-containing) capsids were detected only after 60 min, and those accumulated slowly over several hours. in cells expressing vp1 and vp2 or only vp2, empty capsid formation was also efficient, but was slightly slower than that in infected cells. small amounts ...	2001	11162810
high-yield expression of a viral peptide vaccine in transgenic plants.	a high-yield production of a peptide vaccine in transgenic plants is described here. a 21-mer peptide, which confers protection to dogs against challenge with virulent canine parvovirus, has been expressed in transgenic plants as an amino-terminal translational fusion with the gus gene. transformants were selected on the basis of their gus activities, showing expression levels of the recombinant protein up to 3% of the total leaf soluble protein, a production yield comparable to that obtained wi ...	2001	11163787
polymerase chain reaction analysis for viruses in paraffin-embedded myocardium from dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy or myocarditis.	to perform polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis on paraffin-embedded myocardium from dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (dcm) and dogs with myocarditis to screen for canine parvovirus, adenovirus types 1 and 2, and herpesvirus.	2001	11197551
apoptosis in feline panleukopenia and canine parvovirus enteritis.	tissue samples of cats and dogs with panleukopenia and parvovirus enteritis, respectively, were examined for the presence of viral antigen-positive cells and apoptotic cells by immunohistochemistry and by tunel assay (terminal transferase-mediated dutp nick end labelling). compared to control animals, infected cats and dogs generally had more tunel-positive cells. cell types positive for parvovirus antigen, for example digestive tract epithelial and mesenchymal cells, and lymphocytes and macroph ...	2000	11204132
feline panleukopenia virus revisited: molecular characteristics and pathological lesions associated with three recent isolates.	the low incidence of clinical signs or pathological lesions compatible with feline panleukopenia in cats has created the perception among practitioners that the disease has disappeared since the emergence of canine parvovirus type 2 in the late 1970s. three parvoviruses that were recently isolated from a domestic cat and 2 cheetahs in cell culture or detected by means of the polymerase chain reaction were shown to be typical feline parvoviruses. phylogenetic comparison with other fpv isolates di ...	2000	11205160
questions regarding revaccination protocols.		2001	11229492
concurrent cryptosporidium and parvovirus infections in a puppy.	cryptosporidium parvum, an intestinal coccidian parasite, was isolated from faeces and intestinal biopsies of a 9-week-old puppy with acute parvoviral gastroenteritis. gene sequence analysis identified a cryptosporidium genotype not previously recorded in australia. the puppy recovered after treatment with crystalloid fluids, synthetic and natural colloids and jejunostomy tube feeding.	2001	11256298
characterisation of a protective linear b cell epitope against feline parvoviruses.	monoclonal antibody 3c9 was the starting material in the definition of the epitope that led to the synthesis of the first efficient peptide vaccine against a viral disease (canine parvovirus) in the natural host (dog). in this report, we have analysed the specificity of the antibody at the single amino acid level and the contribution of each residue to the binding, using multiple length analysis. moreover, a replacement analysis allowed determining those critical residues for the binding. finall ...	2001	11257360
biogenesis of the semliki forest virus rna replication complex.	the nonstructural (ns) proteins nsp1 to -4, the components of semliki forest virus (sfv) rna polymerase, were localized in infected cells by confocal microscopy using double labeling with specific antisera against the individual ns proteins. all ns proteins were associated with large cytoplasmic vacuoles (cpv), the inner surfaces of which were covered by small invaginations, or spherules, typical of alphavirus infection. all ns proteins were localized by immuno-electron microscopy (em) to the li ...	2001	11264376
canine and feline parvoviruses can use human or feline transferrin receptors to bind, enter, and infect cells.	canine parvovirus (cpv) enters and infects cells by a dynamin-dependent, clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway, and viral capsids colocalize with transferrin in perinuclear vesicles of cells shortly after entry (j. s. l. parker and c. r. parrish, j. virol. 74:1919-1930, 2000). here we report that cpv and feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), a closely related parvovirus, bind to the human and feline transferrin receptors (tfrs) and use these receptors to enter and infect cells. capsids did not detecta ...	2001	11264378
morbidity-mortality factors and survival of an urban coyote population in arizona.	the health of coyotes (canis latrans) in urban areas has not been studied. our objectives were to assess the health of coyotes in tucson (arizona, usa) by determining the prevalence of antibodies to selected pathogens, estimating survival rates, and identifying sources of mortality. we drew blood from 22 coyotes to evaluate the prevalence of heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) antigens, and antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdv), infectious canine hepatitis (ich), canine parvovirus (cpv), and se ...	2001	11310882
canine parvovirus (cpv) vaccination: comparison of neutralizing antibody responses in pups after inoculation with cpv2 or cpv2b modified live virus vaccine.	canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv2) emerged in 1978 as causative agent of a new disease of dogs. new antigenic variants (biotypes), designated cpv2a and cpv2b, became widespread during 1979 to 1980 and 1984, respectively. at the present time the original cpv2 has disappeared in the dog population and has been replaced by the two new viruses. in the present study the comparison of neutralizing antibody titers in two groups of pups (18 pups in each group) inoculated with cpv2 and cpv2b modified live v ...	2001	11329467
pathogenic potential of canine parvovirus types 2a and 2c in domestic cats.	the in vivo pathogenicity of canine parvovirus (cpv) type 2c (strain v203) and of cpv type 2a (strain v154) against cats was investigated. our results indicate that both types of cpv have the potential to induce disease in cats.	2001	11329478
characterization of cypovirus isolates from tropical and temperate indian saturniidae silkworms.	cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cypovirus, cpv) isolates from larvae of saturniidae silkworms antheraea mylitta, antheraea proylei, and antheraea assamensis were obtained and characterized. scanning electron microscopic (sem) studies revealed the presence of hexahedral (rhombic dodecahedron) polyhedral bodies of various size (1-4 microns) in individual hosts while transmission electron microscopic (tem) studies of isolated virions showed their uniform (icosahedral) shape and size (approximately ...	2000	11332278
contact rates between wild and domestic canids: no evidence of parvovirus or canine distemper virus in crab-eating foxes.	evaluating the risk of disease spill-over from domestic dogs to wildlife depends on knowledge of inter-specific contact rates and/or exposure to aetiological agents in dog environments. here, contact rates of crab-eating foxes (cerdocyon thous) with sympatric domestic dog populations were measured over 25months in amazon brazil. foxes and dogs were serologically and clinically monitored for exposure to canine parvovirus (cpv-2) and canine distemper virus (cdv), pathogens known to have caused wil ...	2001	11356314
inactivated recombinant plant virus protects dogs from a lethal challenge with canine parvovirus.	a vaccine based upon a recombinant plant virus (cpmv-parvo1), displaying a peptide derived from the vp2 capsid protein of canine parvovirus (cpv), has previously been described. to date, studies with the vaccine have utilized viable plant chimaeric particles (cvps). in this study, cpmv-parvo1 was inactivated by uv treatment to remove the possibility of replication of the recombinant plant virus in a plant host after manufacture of the vaccine. we show that the inactivated cvp is able to protect ...	2001	11395200
antibodies to selected canine pathogens and infestation with intestinal helminths in golden jackals (canis aureus) in israel.	blood and fecal samples, collected from 46 healthy adult free-ranging golden jackals captured in two different locations in israel, were examined. a serological study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of circulating antibodies reacting with four common canine pathogens: canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus (cpv), ehrlichia canis and leishmania infantum. faecal flotation and haematological tests were also performed. the seroprevalence of cpv, e. canis, cdv, and l. infantum we ...	2001	11409931
recent epidemiological status of canine viral enteric infections and giardia infection in japan.	epidemiology of canine enteric infections was studied. rectal swabs collected from 95 dogs presented at animal hospitals during a period from january to june of 2000 were examined for enteric pathogens, including viruses and giardia lamblia (g. lamblia). most frequently detected in both diarrheal and normal feces were canine coronavirus (55.4%) and g. lamblia (48.2%). canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) was specifically associated with diarrheal cases and cpv-2b was the predominant antigenic type. ...	2001	11411507
analysis of canine parvovirus sequences from wolves and dogs isolated in italy.	the vp2 genes of italian canine parvovirus (cpv) type 2 strains isolated from dogs and wolves were sequenced and a three-dimensional model of the vp2 capsid protein was constructed. two mutations were detected in the vp2 sequences of the italian strains: one at residue 297 and one at residue 265. variant 297 is the predominant cpv isolate in europe, whereas variant 265 has never been detected before. the mutation at residue 265 causes a disruption in a g strand of the beta-barrel in the vp2 prot ...	2001	11413365
antibody testing against canine coronavirus by immunoperoxidase plaque staining.	the application of the immunoperoxidase (ip) plaque staining procedure (ip test) to the diagnosis of canine coronavirus (ccv) infection was investigated. the ip test did not react with sera from either 15 specific pathogen-free (spf) dogs or 7 spf dogs immunized with a multivalent vaccine, including canine parvovirus type 2, canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, and canine parainfluenza virus. to compare the ip test with the neutralizing test (nt), sera from 240 healthy dogs and from ...	2001	11432433
purification of fibrinogen and virus removal using preparative electrophoresis.	the gradiflow is a novel, scalable preparative electrophoresis technique that uses the dual characteristics of size and charge to isolate target macro- and micromolecules from complex biological solutions. it does this with high resolution and in rapid time. the mild buffers are used to assist in retaining biological activity of the isolated protein. gradiflow technology employs a sandwich of three polyacrylamide membranes configured to allow passage of macromolecules ranging in size from 10 kda ...	2001	11460522
recombinant bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rbpi21) for treatment of parvovirus enteritis: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.	we evaluated the ability of an antimicrobial and endotoxin-neutralizing agent, the recombinant amino terminal fragment of bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (rbpi21), to decrease plasma endotoxin concentration and severity of clinical signs of canine parvovirus and to improve survival. this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial included 40 client-owned dogs and 9 normal puppies from a closed research colony. dogs weighing >5 kg (11 lb) with fecal antigen-confirm ...	2001	11467593
characterization of a canine parvovirus strain isolated from an adult dog.	a cpv-2b strain was detected from an adult vaccinated dog, affected with severe gastroenteritis. the faeces of the dog were positive to canine parvovirus by a hemagglutination assay and gave a cpv-2b-like pattern by a hemagglutination inhibition test using monoclonal antibodies. in vitro-cultivation of the virus was difficult and after a few passages on canine and feline cells, the presence of the virus was detectable only by an immunofluorescence assay on the feline cells, since hemagglutinatin ...	2001	11497080
parvovirus infections in wild carnivores.	various parvoviruses infect carnivores and can cause disease. in this review article the knowledge about infections of free-ranging or captive carnivores with the feline parvoviruses, feline panleukopenia virus, and canine parvovirus, including the antigenic types cpv-2a and -2b, as well as aleutian disease of mink virus and minute virus of canines are summarized. particular emphasis is placed on description of the evolution of canine parvovirus which apparently involved wild carnivore hosts.	2001	11504234
emerging infectious pathogens of wildlife.	the first part of this paper surveys emerging pathogens of wildlife recorded on the promed web site for a 2-year period between 1998 and 2000. the majority of pathogens recorded as causing disease outbreaks in wildlife were viral in origin. anthropogenic activities caused the outbreaks in a significant majority of cases. the second part of the paper develops some matrix models for quantifying the basic reproductive number, r(0), for a variety of potential types of emergent pathogen that cause ou ...	2001	11516378
the nature of the bond between peptide and carrier molecule determines the immunogenicity of the construct.	the influence of the nature of the bond between a peptide and a (lipidic) carrier molecule on the immunogenicity of that construct was investigated. as types of bonds a thioester-, a disulfide-, an amide- and a thioether bond were investigated. as carrier molecules a peptide, an n-palmitoylated peptide or a c(16)-hydrocarbon chain were used. the biostability of the bond between peptide and carrier molecule is thioether > amide > disulfide >> thioester. however, the immunogenic potency of the con ...	2001	11576330
association between cancer chemotherapy and canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, and rabies virus antibody titers in tumor-bearing dogs.	to determine the association between cancer chemotherapy and serum canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus (cpv), and rabies virus antibody titers in tumor-bearing dogs.	2001	11697366
electron cryo-microscopy and image reconstruction of adeno-associated virus type 2 empty capsids.	adeno-associated virus type 2 empty capsids are composed of three proteins, vp1, vp2 and vp3, which have relative molecular masses of 87, 72 and 62 kda, respectively, and differ in their n-terminal amino acid sequences. they have a likely molar ratio of 1:1:8 and occupy symmetrical equivalent positions in an icosahedrally arranged protein shell. we have investigated empty capsids of adeno-associated virus type 2 by electron cryo-microscopy and icosahedral image reconstruction. the three-dimensio ...	2001	11713191
evidence for evolution of canine parvovirus type 2 in italy.	two isolates of canine parvovirus (cpv) were obtained from dogs affected with severe haemorrhagic diarrhoea. type 2b antigenic specificity was predicted by both antigenic analysis with monoclonal antibodies and pcr characterization with type-specific primers. nevertheless, sequence analysis of the capsid protein-encoding gene revealed two amino acid changes. one of the changes affected position 426 (asp to glu), in a major antigenic site of the viral capsid, determining the replacement of a resi ...	2001	11714979
characterisation of cross-reactivity of virus neutralising antibodies induced by feline panleukopenia virus and canine parvoviruses.	it was recently reported that canine parvoviruses (cpv) had entered cat populations and induced disease in infected cats, while they had affected only dogs in the past. it is important to determine whether conventional feline panleukopenia virus (fplv) vaccines protect against recent cpv infections. in this study, the cross-reactivity of virus-neutralising (vn) and haemagglutinin-inhibition (hi) antibodies in cats induced by fplv and cpv s were examined. lower cross-reactivities of vn and hi ant ...	2001	11798298
the vp1 n-terminal sequence of canine parvovirus affects nuclear transport of capsids and efficient cell infection.	the unique n-terminal region of the parvovirus vp1 capsid protein is required for infectivity by the capsids but is not required for capsid assembly. the vp1 n terminus contains a number of groups of basic amino acids which resemble classical nuclear localization sequences, including a conserved sequence near the n terminus comprised of four basic amino acids, which in a peptide can act to transport other proteins into the cell nucleus. testing with a monoclonal antibody recognizing residues 2 t ...	2002	11799183
a serological survey of minute virus of canines (mvc; canine parvovirus type-1) in dogs in the tokai area of japan.	a serological survey for antibodies to minute virus of canines (mvc) by use of a hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test was performed on sera collected from dogs in the tokai area of japan. forty-one of 266 (15.4%) sera had positive titers of 1:40 or higher against the mvc. results suggest that mvc may have been present in dogs in japan since, at least, 1990. from this serosurvey, mvc appears to be established in the dog population in japan. mvc may have a role as a newly recognized viral pathoge ...	2001	11799909
canine distemper infections, with special reference to south africa, with a review of the literature.	canine distemper virus is a member of the genus morbillivirus of the family paramyxoviridae that causes severe disease in dogs and a range of wild mammals. the clinical signs relate essentially to the respiratory, gastrointestinal and central nervous systems. in south africa, infection with ehrlichia canis and canine parvovirus may present similarly many dogs will initially present with a wide range of central nervous system signs without any history of systemic disease. a recent south african s ...	2001	11811699
the structure of porcine parvovirus: comparison with related viruses.	the structure of baculovirus-expressed porcine parvovirus (ppv) capsids was solved using x-ray crystallography and was found to be similar to the related canine parvovirus (cpv) and minute virus of mice (mvm). the ppv capsid protein has 57 % and 49 % amino acid sequence identity with cpv and mvm, respectively, but the degree of conservation of surface-exposed residues is lower than average. consequently, most of the structural differences are on the surface and are the probable cause of the know ...	2002	11827486
development of hypertrophic osteodystrophy and antibody response in a litter of vaccinated weimaraner puppies.	two different vaccination protocols were compared with regard to the development of hypertrophic osteodystrophy (hod) (also termed metaphyseal osteopathy) and effectiveness of immunisation in a litter of 10 weimaraner puppies. five puppies (group 1) were vaccinated with a modified live canine parvovirus vaccine (cpv) and then two weeks later with a trivalent vaccine containing modified live canine distemper virus and adenovirus type 2 combined with a leptospira bacterin (dhl). the cpv and dhl va ...	2002	11833821
synthetic peptide vaccines: unexpected fulfillment of discarded hope?	in the early eighties it was realized that the ultimate vaccine would be a synthetic peptide. major efforts were put into the development of a synthetic vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) for which even today no alternative exists besides the classical vaccine based on inactivated virus. despite impressive progress, a peptide vaccine that could match the classical vaccine with respect to efficacy (i.e. full protection of all animals after a single vaccination) has not materialized. ...	2001	11851321
generation of e3-deleted canine adenoviruses expressing canine parvovirus capsid by homologous recombination in bacteria.	e3-deleted canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1) was generated by homologous recombination in bacterial cells, using an antibiotic resistance marker to facilitate the recovery of recombinants. this marker was flanked by unique restriction endonuclease sites, which allowed its subsequent removal and the insertion of cassettes expressing the canine parvovirus capsid at the e3 locus. infectious virus was recovered following transfection of canine cells and capsid expression was observed by rt-pcr from o ...	2002	11853396
determination of serum organic acids in puppies with naturally acquired parvoviral enteritis.	the purpose of the present study was to investigate the acid-base status and the serum concentration of organic acids in puppies with naturally occurring canine parvoviral enteritis. between july 1999 and july 2000, 25 client-owned puppies admitted to the st. louis animal emergency clinic south for treatment of enteritis caused by parvovirus infection were used in our study. control blood samples were collected from 22 healthy puppies less than 9 months of age. serum organic acid concentrations ...	2002	11858643
genetic analysis of canine parvovirus isolates (cpv-2) from dogs in italy.	genetic and antigenic properties of 62 field isolates of canine parvovirus (cpv-2) collected from 1994 to 2001 in italy were investigated. antigenic characterisation was conducted using specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs). the vp1\vp2 gene was amplified by pcr and characterised with restriction endonucleases to detect the 297 and 265 variant. the vp2 gene of 16 isolates was sequenced and molecular genetic analysis was conducted. the antigenic type prevalent among our isolates is type 2a as wel ...	2002	11864747
role of recycling endosomes and lysosomes in dynein-dependent entry of canine parvovirus.	canine parvovirus (cpv) is a nonenveloped virus with a 5-kb single-stranded dna genome. lysosomotropic agents and low temperature are known to prevent cpv infection, indicating that the virus enters its host cells by endocytosis and requires an acidic intracellular compartment for penetration into the cytoplasm. after escape from the endocytotic vesicles, cpv is transported to the nucleus for replication. in the present study the intracellular entry pathway of the canine parvovirus in nlfk (nord ...	2002	11932407
influence of long-term treatment with tetracycline and niacinamide on antibody production in dogs with discoid lupus erythematosus.	to evaluate the effect of long-term treatment with tetracycline and niacinamide on antibody production in dogs by measuring postvaccinal serum concentrations of antibodies against canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus.	2002	11939308
feline host range of canine parvovirus: recent emergence of new antigenic types in cats.	since the emergence of canine parvovirus (cpv-2) in the late 1970s, cpv-2 has evolved consecutively new antigenic types, cpv-2a and 2b. although cpv-2 did not have a feline host range, cpv-2a and 2b appear to have gained the ability to replicate in cats. recent investigations demonstrate the prevalence of cpv-2a and 2b infection in a wide range of cat populations. we illustrate the pathogenic potential of cpv in cats and assess the risk caused by cpv variants.	2002	11971764
species-specific differences in organization of orthopoxvirus kelch-like proteins.	organization of orthopoxvirus proteins of the kelch superfamily and their genes were analyzed and compared. complete genomic sequences of variola (var), monkeypox (mpv), vaccinia (vac), and species-specific regions of cowpox (cpv) viruses were used in the work. despite the multiplicity of kelch-like proteins in orthopoxviruses, their function is still vague. it has been discovered that the genes of orthopoxvirus kelch-like proteins are localized only to the terminal variable regions of the genom ...	2002	12018707
phylogenetic similarity of the canine parvovirus wild-type isolates on the basis of vp1/vp2 gene fragment sequence analysis.	biological material was taken from dogs with diarrhoea. faecal samples were taken from within live animals and intestinal tract fragments (i.e. small intestine, and stomach) were taken from dead animals. in total, 18 specimens were investigated from dogs housed alone or in large groups. to test for the presence of the virus, latex (on site biotech, uppsala, sweden) and direct immunofluorescence tests were performed. at the same time, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with primers complementary to ...	2002	12019945
molecular cloning and characterization of antheraea mylitta cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus genome segment 9.	genome segment 9 of the 11-segment rna genomes of three cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) isolates from antheraea mylitta (amcpv), antheraea assamensis (aacpv) and antheraea proylei (apcpv) were converted to cdna, cloned and sequenced. in each case, this genome segment consists of 1473 nucleotides with one long orf of 1035 bp and encodes a protein of 345 amino acids, termed nsp38, with a molecular mass of 38 kda. secondary structure prediction showed the presence of nine alpha-helices in the ...	2002	12029164
characterization of the immune response to canine parvovirus induced by vaccination with chimaeric plant viruses.	nih mice were vaccinated subcutaneously or intranasally with chimaeric cow pea mosaic virus (cpmv) constructs expressing a 17-mer peptide sequence from canine parvovirus (cpv) as monomers or dimers on the small or large protein surface subunits. responses to the chimaeric virus particles (cvps) were compared with those of mice immunized with the native virus or with parvovirus peptide conjugated to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (klh). the characteristics of the immune response to vaccination were e ...	2002	12034099
chromatographic removal combined with heat, acid and chaotropic inactivation of four model viruses.	the virus removal of protein a affinity chromatography, inactivation capacity, acid ph and a combination of high temperature with a chaotropic agent was determined in this work. the model viruses studied were sendaivirus, human immunodeficency virus (hiv-iiib), human poliovirus type-ii, human herpesvirus i and canine parvovirus. the protein a affinity chromatography showed a maximum reduction factor of 8 logs in the case of viruses larger than 120 nm size, while for small viruses (18-30 nm) the ...	2002	12044553
[cytopathology of plants infected with viruses. ultrastructure of the leaf cells of cereals affected by rhabdoviruses].	ultrathin sections of oat, wheat, and ryegrass leaves from healthy plants and plants infected with rhabdoviruses by leafhoppers laodelphax striatellus fallen were studied under the electron microscope. the bacilliform virions often surrounded by endoplasmic reticulum (er) membranes, viroplasm, and tubular structures conforming, in diameter and structure, to the rhabdovirion nucleocapsid were observed in the cytoplasm of leaf cells of the diseased plants. the cereal pseudorosette virus [(165-200) ...	2002	12068435
rna 2 of citrus psorosis virus is of negative polarity and has a single open reading frame in its complementary strand.	citrus psorosis virus (cpsv) causes a citrus disease occurring worldwide. isolate cpv 4 has a genome with three single-stranded rnas. the complete sequence of rna 2 (1643 nucleotides) is reported here. northern blot hybridization with strand-specific probes showed that most of the encapsidated rna 2 is of negative polarity, although a small amount of the complementary strand may also be present in particles. the rna 2 complementary strand contained a single open reading frame encoding a protein ...	2002	12075099
clinical and serological response of wild dogs (lycaon pictus) to vaccination against canine distemper, canine parvovirus infection and rabies.	wild dogs lycaon pictuis (n = 8) were vaccinated 4 times against canine distemper (n = 8) (initially with inactivated and subsequently with live attenuated strains of canine distemper) and canine parvovirus infection (n = 8) over a period of 360 days. four of the wild dogs were also vaccinated 3 times against rabies using a live oral vaccine and 4 with an inactivated parenteral vaccine. commercially-available canine distemper, canine parvovirus and parenteral rabies vaccines, intended for use in ...	2002	12088076
the virucidal spectrum of a high concentration alcohol mixture.	the virucidal spectrum of a high concentration alcohol mixture (80% ethanol and 5% isopropanol) was determined for a broad series of lipid-enveloped (le) and non-lipid-enveloped (nle) viruses covering all relevant blood-borne viruses. le viruses were represented by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), a specific model virus for hepatitis c virus (hcv), pseudorabies virus (prv), and vaccinia virus. for the nle viruses hepatitis a virus, canine parvovirus (a mod ...	2002	12090799
molecular interactions and viral stability revealed by structural analyses of chemically treated cypovirus capsids.	cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv, genus cypovirus) is a unique member of the family reoviridae which lacks the outer protective shells that exist in all other members, yet exhibits unusual stability. we have analyzed the effects of different acidic, basic, detergent, and urea treatments on cpv capsids. the integrity of the cpv capsids was unaffected under high-ph conditions that disrupted the orthoreovirus inner core, consistent with its ability to maintain structural integrity in extremely a ...	2002	12093172
imirs: a high-resolution 3d reconstruction package integrated with a relational image database.	recent advances in electron cryomicroscopy instrumentation and single particle reconstruction have created opportunities for high-throughput and high-resolution three-dimensional (3d) structure determination of macromolecular complexes. however, it has become impractical and inefficient to rely on conventional text file data management and command-line programs to organize and process the increasing numbers of image data required in high-resolution studies. here, we present a distributed relatio ...	2002	12096897
structure of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus from bombyx mori.	the structures of full and empty capsids of cpv were studied by negative staining and electron cryomicroscopy and computer reconstruction techniques. by comparing the structures and biochemical compositions, the cpv was identified as a single-layered capsid with its five structural proteins located on it. this single capsid is arranged according to t=1 icosahedral symmetry with 12 turret-like spikes at its icosahedral vertices. the empty and full cpv show identical capsid but differ inside. the ...	1999	12114971
the band iii ligand dipyridamole protects human rbcs during photodynamic treatment while extracellular virus inactivation is not affected.	recently, the potential usefulness of dipyridamole (dip) in protecting rbcs against the harmful side effects of photodynamic sterilization was demonstrated. in the present study, the use of dip for selective protection of rbcs was investigated under conditions more relevant for blood bank practice.	2002	12147025
[orthopoxvirus genes for kelch-like proteins. i. analysis of species specific differences by gene structure and organization].	genes and proteins of the kelch superfamily were structurally analyzed in the smallpox (spv), monkeypox (mpv), cowpox (cpv), and vaccinia (vv) viruses. genes potentially coding for the kelch-like proteins were found only in the variable terminal regions of the orthopoxvirus genome. the set and sizes of their protein products varied with species. all genes of the superfamily proved to be disrupted by mutations in spv, which is highly pathogenic for its only host, man. the largest set of kelch-lik ...	2002	12173463
evaluation of the innate immune response in pups during canine parvovirus type 1 infection.	in two pups (a and b) naturally infected with canine parvovirus type 1 (cpv1) phagocytic responses were evaluated over a period of two weeks (day 0 = t0; day 3 = t1; day 7 = t2; day 14 = t3). cpv1 infection led to a marked reduction of monocyte (mo) phagocytosis in both pups. also mo killing was impaired and in pup b this function was totally absent. polymorphonuclear (pmn) phagocytosis values of both pups fluctuated within normal ranges, as well as pmn killing of pup a. in pup b, killing exerte ...	2002	12173770
evolutionary dynamics of viral attenuation.	the genetic trajectory leading to viral attenuation was studied in a canine parvovirus (cpv) strain grown on dog kidney cells for 115 transfers. consensus sequences of viral populations at passages 0, 3, 30, 50, 80, and 115 were obtained from pcr products covering 86% of the genome; clones from each of the 80th and 115th passages were also sequenced, covering 69% of the genome. sixteen changes were fixed in the 115th-passage virus sample. levels of polymorphism were strikingly different over tim ...	2002	12239331
treatment of canine parvoviral enteritis with interferon-omega in a placebo-controlled challenge trial.	canine parvoviral enteritis continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality in dogs worldwide, and efficacious antiviral therapies are lacking. the present trial was aimed at evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of a recombinant feline interferon (type omega) preparation in the treatment of parvoviral enteritis in dogs. a double-blind, placebo-controlled challenge trial was performed in beagle pups (8-9 weeks); clinical signs, body weight, hematologic parameters, and mortality were monitor ...	2002	12243889
structural comparisons of empty and full cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. protein-rna interactions and implications for endogenous rna transcription mechanism.	viruses in the family reoviridae are capable of transcription within the intact capsids. as the only single-shelled and thus the simplest member of the reoviridae, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) provides an attractive system for studying endogenous transcription. we report the structures of the full and empty cpv determined at 13-a resolution by electron cryomicroscopy. the structure of the empty cpv reveals a density attributed to the transcription enzyme complex, which is attached to the ...	2003	12401805
virologic and serologic identification of minute virus of canines (canine parvovirus type 1) from dogs in japan.	minute virus of canines (mvc), also known as canine parvovirus type 1, was initially believed to be a nonpathogenic agent, since it was first isolated from canine fecal specimens in the late 1960s. however, subsequent pathological as well as epidemiological studies suggested that mvc is a pathogen of neonatal puppies and is widely distributed among domestic dogs in the united states. the virus also has been shown to cause fetal deaths. nevertheless, the virus was not detected in dogs outside the ...	2002	12409364
the natural host range shift and subsequent evolution of canine parvovirus resulted from virus-specific binding to the canine transferrin receptor.	canine parvovirus (cpv) is a host range variant of a feline virus that acquired the ability to infect dogs through changes in its capsid protein. canine and feline viruses both use the feline transferrin receptor (tfr) to infect feline cells, and here we show that cpv infects canine cells through its ability to specifically bind the canine tfr. receptor binding on host cells at 37 degrees c only partially correlated with the host ranges of the viruses, and an intermediate virus strain (cpv type ...	2003	12525605
diagnosis of canine parvovirus by rapid immunomigration on a membrane.	rapid immunomigration on a membrane was applied to the diagnosis of canine parvovirus (cpv) in 128 samples of faeces containing four strains of parvovirus (two cpv-2a strains, including one vaccine strain, and two cpv-2b strains). the results were compared with the results of haemagglutination and elisa sandwich techniques. the new test was quick and easy to use, and made it possible to identify both the cpv-2a and cpv-2b strains. its detection thresholds per gram of faeces corresponded to speci ...	2003	12553581