Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| control of fertility in the red fox (vulpes vulpes): effect of a single oral dose of cabergoline in early pregnancy. | single oral doses of 100 microg kg(-1) cabergoline (cab) were previously found to affect the reproductive success of silver fox (vulpes vulpes) vixens from day 28 post insemination (pi) onwards by causing abortions and postnatal mortality. the present trial investigated the effect of a single oral dose of 100 microg kg(-1) cab given to farmed silver fox vixens at 7, 14, 21 or 28 days pi. six vixens were dosed with cab at each day pi and abortions, total post-partum litter loss and the combined e ... | 2002 | 12051520 |
| associations between trichinella species and host species in finland. | examination of 627 wild animals--raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides), red foxes (vulpes vulpes), european lynxes (lynx lynx), brown bears (ursus arctos), wolves (canis lupus), and badgers (meles meles)--revealed trichinella spp. the prevalence varied according to geographical region of finland (north; southwest, sw; and southeast, se) and was the highest among lynxes (70%, sw). the risk of trichinellosis was higher in the se (odds ratio, or, 19.4) and sw regions (or 14.3), as compared with t ... | 2002 | 12053985 |
| partial characterization of antigenic sperm proteins in foxes (vulpes vulpes). | the aim of this work was to identify antigenic proteins on fox spermatozoa. fox spermatozoa proteins were injected into 3 female rabbits and into 3 male and 3 female foxes. in rabbits, a rapid humoral response was observed. using rabbit sera for western blotting, 23 fox sperm protein bands were recognized between 10 and 110 kd. in foxes, the time course of antibody response was studied in the same manner. the number of recognized bands was maximal on day 75 for 2 foxes, on day 90 for 3 foxes, an ... | 2002 | 12065460 |
| kinetics of maternal immunity against rabies in fox cubs (vulpes vulpes). | in previous experiments, it was demonstrated that maternal antibodies (maab) against rabies in foxes (vulpes vulpes) were transferred from the vixen to her offspring. however, data was lacking from cubs during the first three weeks post partum. therefore, this complementary study was initiated. | 2002 | 12069694 |
| comparison between microscopic and automated differential leukocyte counts in the silver fox (vulpes vulpes) and the blue fox (alopex lagopus). | differential leukocyte (wbc) counts in blood from clinically healthy silver foxes (n=32) and blue foxes (n=37) obtained from an automated hematology analyzer (technicon h*1 hematology system) with canine software were compared with microscopic differential wbc counts (m-diff). there was good agreement between the automated differential cell count (a-diff) and the m-diff for neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages. the correlation was lower for monocyte percentages and variable for eosinophil perce ... | 1999 | 12075528 |
| ribosomal and mitochondrial dna sequence variation in sarcoptes mites from different hosts and geographical regions. | in order to investigate the extent of the genetic variation in the dna sequences of sarcoptes scabiei, mite populations collected on alpine chamois ( rupicapra rupicapra), pyrenean chamois ( rupicapra pyrenaica) and red fox ( vulpes vulpes) from different localities of italy and spain were studied. sequence analyses were carried out on the second internal transcribed spacer of the nuclear ribosomal dna and on the 16s mitochondrial rrna gene. its-2 sequences showed a higher degree of genetic poly ... | 2002 | 12122437 |
| red foxes (vulpes vulpes) are a natural intermediate host of neospora caninum. | the present study was undertaken to determine if red foxes are natural intermediate and/or definitive host for neospora caninum and to study the importance of infection of n. caninum in this species in north-eastern spain. faecal samples and brain tissues were obtained from 122 foxes from 21 rural areas of catalonia. faeces collected were examined for parasite eggs and coccidian oocysts using sucrose flotation. for pcr-based diagnosis of n. caninum in brain tissues, the specific genomic nc5 regi ... | 2002 | 12163240 |
| dose-dependent egg excretion in foxes ( vulpes vulpes) after a single infection with toxocara canis eggs. | faecal egg counts were performed daily for a period of 4 months on six silver fox cubs inoculated individually with an egg dose of 30, 100, 300, 1,000, 3,000, or 20,000 toxocara canis eggs. at the lowest and the highest dose levels, the cubs did not develop patent infections. in the remaining cubs, the initial appearance of eggs in the faeces occurred 35-38 days post-infection (dpi), the patency period varied between 8 and 72 days, and the maximal epg ranged from 980 to 5,700 (39-85 dpi). the hi ... | 2002 | 12209336 |
| potential remedy against echinococcus multilocularis in wild red foxes using baits with anthelmintic distributed around fox breeding dens in hokkaido, japan. | the effect of bait-delivered anthelmintic to reduce the prevalence of echinococcus multilocularis in wild red foxes was evaluated in koshimizu, in the eastern part of hokkaido, japan. the study area (200 km2) was divided into baited and non-baited sections. the anthelmintic baits were distributed around fox den sites in the baited section every month for 13 months. after 1 year of the anthelmintic bait distribution, the prevalence of e. multilocularis in foxes, evaluated either by the parasite e ... | 2002 | 12211605 |
| dependence of population response to fertility control on the survival of sterile animals and their role in regulation. | the species for which fertility control is presently used, or for which it is being developed, range from small mammal pests, such as the house mouse (mus domesticus), to large mammals, such as the african elephant (loxodonta africana). however, the possibility of a population response other than a reduction in abundance proportional to the fraction of animals rendered infertile has been shown in field trials. for example, when intermediate levels of sterility were imposed on wild populations of ... | 2002 | 12220168 |
| do helminths increase the vulnerability of released pheasants to fox predation? | the success of ring-necked pheasant (phasianus colchicus) restocking in asturias, northern spain was assessed, and the role of parasites and predators in the mortality of released birds was studied. the experimental release of 56 radio-tagged pheasants showed that 98% of birds died within 12 days. as soon as 72 h after release, 67.5% of males and 55.0% of females were found dead. foxes (vulpes vulpes) killed 63% of the birds. the survival of those birds killed by foxes was lower than for birds w ... | 2002 | 12363375 |
| populations in variable environments: the effect of variability in a species' primary resource. | mechanistic models for herbivore populations responding to rainfall-driven pasture are used to explore the effect of temporal variability in a primary resource on the abundance and distribution of a species. if the numerical response of the herbivore to pasture is a convex function, then gains made over time intervals with above average rainfall do not compensate for losses incurred when rainfall is below average. populations therefore fare worse when rainfall is variable compared with when rain ... | 2002 | 12396516 |
| odor-induced variation in anxiety-like behavior in mice is associated with discrete and differential effects on mesocorticolimbic cholecystokinin mrna expression. | the present investigation assessed alterations in mesocorticolimbic cholecystokinin (cck) mrna following novel predator and non-predator odor exposure and light-dark testing in cd-1 mice. in brief, acute exposure of cd-1 mice to the predator odor, 2,5-dihydro-2, 4,5-trimethylthiazoline (tmt; the major component of the anal gland secretions of the red fox), or the control odor, butyric acid (ba), suppressed rearing behavior during odor presentation, subsequently induced anxiety in the light dark ... | 2002 | 12431849 |
| canine 5s rrna: nucleotide sequence and chromosomal assignment of its gene cluster in four canid species. | the purpose of this study was to determine the nucleotide sequence of canine 5s rrna and use this information to develop a molecular probe to assign the gene locus to chromosomes of the dog and three other related canid species using fluorescence in situ hybridization. the nucleotide sequence of canine liver 5s rrna is 120 base pairs long and identical to the 5s rrna nucleotide sequence of all other mammalian species investigated so far. a single 5s rrna gene cluster was localized pericentromeri ... | 2002 | 12438712 |
| comparative molecular cytogenetic studies in the order carnivora: mapping chromosomal rearrangements onto the phylogenetic tree. | we have made a set of chromosome-specific painting probes for the american mink by degenerate oligonucleotide primed-pcr (dop-pcr) amplification of flow-sorted chromosomes. the painting probes were used to delimit homologous chromosomal segments among human, red fox, dog, cat and eight species of the family mustelidae, including the european mink, steppe and forest polecats, least weasel, mountain weasel, japanese sable, striped polecat, and badger. based on the results of chromosome painting an ... | 2002 | 12438790 |
| use of rapd technique in evolution studies of four species in the family canidae. | the rapd-pcr technique was applied to identify genetic markers able to distinguish between four canid species: the arctic fox (alopex lagopus), red fox (vulpes vulpes), chinese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides) and six breeds of the domestic dog (canis familiaris). a total of 29 ten-nucleotide arbitrary primers were screened for their potential use in the differentiation of these species. ten primers amplified rapd profiles that made it possible to distinguish between the inves ... | 2002 | 12441633 |
| helminth fauna of the red fox (vulpes vulpes linnaeus, 1758) in southern belarus. | we examined 94 carcasses of and 1,213 faecal samples from red foxes collected between 1981 and 2001 in natural and transformed ecosystems in the southern part of belarus. a total of 32 helminth species were found. of these, the most common were alaria alata, pearsonema plica, taenia crassiceps, toxocara canis, trichinella spp. larvae and uncinaria stenocephala. all species are significant for medical and veterinary health. | 2003 | 12474048 |
| [the occurrence of echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes in lower saxony: identification of a high risk area by spatial epidemiological cluster analysis]. | there is considerable interest in the spatial distribution of echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes l.), because this parasite causes the zoonoses of alveolar echinococcosis which is potentially of high fatality rate. high risk areas are known from france, switzerland and the swabian alb in germany for a long time. in this work, the spatial scan statistic is introduced as an instrument for identification and localisation of high risk areas, so called disease clusters in spatial ... | 2002 | 12481649 |
| indirect elisa for the detection of antibodies against opisthorchis felineus (rivolta, 1884) and metorchis bilis (braun, 1790) in foxes. | serological investigations focused on the detection of specific opisthorchiid liver fluke antibodies in silver foxes (vulpes vulpes fulva). animals were experimentally infected with opisthorchis felineus (nos. 1 and 2) and metorchis bilis (nos. 3-8) by feeding fish with a counted number of metacercariae. four foxes remained as non-infected negative controls (nos. 9-12). for the indirect elisa, an excretory-secretory antigen was produced by in vitro cultivation of o. felineus and m. bilis adults ... | 2003 | 12482649 |
| the red fox, vulpes v. aegyptiaca, a new host of leishmania major in sinai peninsula. | a leishmanial isolate was obtained from the ear of one red fox or nile fox (vulpes v. aegyptiaca) out of eight from north sinai governorate. the isolate was typed by the enzymatic variant profiles of the four enzymes, gpi, g6pd. 6pgd and pgm against the three old world reference strains, l. major, l. tropica and l. donovani and proved to be leishmania major. this is the second time that l. major has been shown to occur in canine hosts. the list of the mammalian hosts of l. major was reviewed and ... | 2002 | 12512806 |
| prevalence of antibodies against canine distemper virus among red foxes in luxembourg. | canine distemper virus (cdv) has a wide host spectrum, and during the past years, distemper has been observed in species that were previously not considered to be susceptible. in this study, we investigated the prevalence of cdv-specific antibodies in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) sampled between may and november 1997. about 9 to 13% of the luxembourg red fox population is positive for antibodies against cdv. thus a sizeable proportion of red foxes has been exposed to cdv in the wild. the significan ... | 2002 | 12528458 |
| the role of differential reinforcement in predator avoidance learning. | little is known about how predator recognition develops under natural conditions. predispositions to respond to some stimuli preferentially are likely to interact with the effects of experience. convergent evidence from several studies suggests that predator-nai;ve tammar wallabies (macropus eugenii) have some ability to respond to vertebrate predators differently from non-predators and that antipredator responses can be selectively enhanced by experience. here, we examined the effects of differ ... | 2003 | 12543486 |
| sarcoptic mange (sarcoptes scabiei var vulpes) in a red fox (vulpes vulpes) population in north-west surrey. | 2003 | 12572941 | |
| liver enzyme activity and histological changes in the liver of silver foxes (vulpes vulpes fulva) experimentally infected with opisthorchiid liver flukes. a contribution to the pathogenesis of opisthorchiidosis. | blood samples from silver foxes experimentally infected with opisthorchis felineus and metorchis bilis, respectively, were examined for the activity of liver enzymes. the average activities of aspartate aminotransferase (ast), glutamate dehydrogenase (gldh), alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase in uninfected control animals were 20, 1.8, 57 and 44 units/l, respectively. the liver enzymes in infected foxes reacted differently, depending on dose, species of flukes and individual pecul ... | 2003 | 12632157 |
| echinococcus multilocularis: an emerging pathogen in hungary and central eastern europe? | echinococcus multilocularis, the causative agent of human alveolar echinococcosis, is reported for the first time in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in hungary. this parasite may be spreading eastward because the population of foxes has increased as a consequence of human interventions, and this spread may result in the emergence of alveolar echinococcosis in central eastern europe. | 2003 | 12643838 |
| the current and future management of wild mammals hunted with dogs in england and wales. | there is increasing concern about the use of lethal methods to control wild mammal populations, especially those methods that may have significant impacts on animal welfare. the continued use of dogs to hunt wild mammals in england and wales, principally foxes (vulpes vulpes), red deer (cervus elaphus), brown hares (lepus europaeus) and mink (mustela vison), has become a focus for political debate and has been the subject of a recent uk government inquiry. this paper reports the results of a que ... | 2003 | 12654279 |
| a hammondia-like parasite from the european fox (vulpes vulpes) forms biologically viable tissue cysts in cell culture. | tissue cysts of parasites of the genus hammondia are rarely described in naturally or experimentally infected intermediate hosts. however, ultrastructural examinations on tissue cyst stages of hammondia sp. are needed, e.g. to compare these stages with those of neospora caninum and other related parasites. we describe a cell culture system employed to examine the in vitro development of tissue cysts of a hammondia sp.-like parasite (isolate fox 2000/1) which uses the european fox as a definitive ... | 2003 | 12670509 |
| the city-fox phenomenon: genetic consequences of a recent colonization of urban habitat. | the red fox (vulpes vulpes) is one of the best-documented examples of a species that has successfully occupied cities and their suburbs during the last century. the city of zurich (switzerland) was colonized by red foxes 15 years ago and the number of recorded individuals has increased steadily since then. here, we assessed the hypothesis that the fox population within the city of zurich is isolated from adjacent rural fox populations against the alternative hypothesis that urban habitat acts as ... | 2003 | 12675821 |
| molecular studies on babesia, theileria and hepatozoon in southern europe. part i. epizootiological aspects. | molecular epizootiology of piroplasmids (babesia spp., theileria spp.) and hepatozoon canis was studied in mammals from southern europe (mainly from spain, but also from portugal and france). partial amplification and sequencing of the 18s rrna gene was used for molecular diagnosis. in some particular cases (b. ovis and b. bovis) the complete 18s rrna gene was sequenced. blood samples were taken from domestic animals showing clinical symptoms: 10 dogs, 10 horses, 10 cows, 9 sheep and 1 goat. in ... | 2003 | 12719133 |
| a sero-epidemiological survey on the occurrence of opisthorchiid liver flukes in red foxes ( vulpes vulpes) in berlin, germany. | serum samples collected from red foxes in the city of berlin between 1996 and 1999 were analysed for the presence of antibodies against opisthorchis felineus and metorchis bilis using an indirect elisa. out of 1,000 specimens, 30.6% and 46.5% reacted positively with specific o. felineus and m. bilis antigens, respectively. seroprevalence in adult foxes was always higher than in juveniles. while no significant differences were observed in adult foxes throughout the period, in juvenile specimens s ... | 2003 | 12743797 |
| patterns of nuclear dna degeneration over time--a case study in historic teeth samples. | the amount of nuclear dna extracted from teeth of 279 individual red fox vulpes vulpes collected over a period spanning the last three decades was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr). although teeth were autoclaved during initial collection, 73.8% of extracts contained sufficient dna concentration (> 5 pg/ micro l) suitable for reliable microsatellite genotyping but the quantity of nuclear dna decayed significantly over time in a nonlinear pattern. the success of pcr ampli ... | 2003 | 12753226 |
| pigmentary switches in domestic animal species. | although homogeneous pigmentation usually is observed in wild animals, most domestic animal species display a wide variety of coat colors. in fur animals, the coat color is an important production trait, and in other species such as cattle and sheep, the coat color is a major breed characteristic. variability in coat color is seen both within and between breeds, and makes domesticated species unique for studying gene function and gene regulation of loci affecting pigmentation. in several species ... | 2003 | 12851333 |
| hookworms of feral cats in florida. | thirty feral cats (felis catus) from alachua county (northern florida) and 30 from palm beach county (southern florida) were examined for hookworms. two species, ancylostoma tubaeforme and ancylostoma braziliense, were identified. forty-five cats (75%) were infected with a. tubaeforme, with a mean intensity of 48 hookworms per cat. twenty cats (33%) were infected with a. braziliense, with a mean intensity of 28 worms per cat. the prevalence of a. tubaeforme was greater than that of a. braziliens ... | 2003 | 12860064 |
| origin of maternally transferred antibodies against rabies in foxes (vulpes vulpes). | during previous experiments, maternal antibodies against rabies were detected in the sera of fox cubs whelped by orally immunised vixens. these antibodies appear to be transferred exclusively via the colostrum. no evidence of maternally transferred immunity in the form of immunoglobulin g was found in 80 fox embryos collected from 19 rabies-immune vixens originating from areas where oral rabies vaccine baits had been distributed. | 2003 | 12877212 |
| hammondia heydorni from the arabian mountain gazelle and red fox in saudi arabia. | unsporulated oocysts were detected in the feces of an arabian red fox (vulpes vulpes arabica) between 6 and 8 days after it had been fed meat from arabian mountain gazelles (gazella gazella) known to contain sarcocysts. no oocysts were discovered in the feces of other experimental cubs, although sporocysts of sarcocystis spp. were passed subsequently by all cubs that were fed gazelle meat, including those fed with reem (g. subgutturosa marica). the oocysts sporulated in 3 days at room temperatur ... | 2003 | 12880254 |
| rabies emergence among foxes in turkey. | sixteen rabies isolates recently collected from mainland turkey and two isolates held within a british archive were used to form a representative cohort from a range of vectors, and were analyzed to identify potential causes for an increase of rabies within the fox (vulpes vulpes) population in turkey. each isolate was characterized by sequence analysis of the nucleoprotein gene and compared phylogenetically to the cohort, to isolates from neighboring countries and to isolates from continental e ... | 2003 | 12910752 |
| modeling control of rabies outbreaks in red fox populations to evaluate culling, vaccination, and vaccination combined with fertility control. | a predictive model of spread and control of rabies in red fox (vulpes vulpes) populations was used to evaluate efficacy of culling, oral vaccination, and oral vaccination and fertility control (v + fc) as rabies control strategies. in addition, effects of season, fox population density, and a delay in starting control were modeled. at fox densities of 0.5 fox families/km2 or greater, a single oral vaccination campaign with bait uptake rates of less than 50% resulted in ineffective rabies control ... | 2003 | 12910754 |
| lawsonia intracellularis in wild mammals in the slovak carpathians. | feces of wild mammals were collected in the bukovské vrchy hills (north-eastern slovakia) in january and february 2002. the feces were examined for lawsonia intracellularis by means of nested polymerase chain reaction. a total of 194 samples of feces from red deer (cervus elaphus), 46 samples from roe deer (capreolus capreolus), 31 samples from red fox (vulpes vulpes), 23 samples from gray wolf (canis lupus), and 12 samples from brown hare (lepus europaeus) were examined. lawsonia intracellulari ... | 2003 | 12910769 |
| morbidity and mortality of red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) admitted to the wildlife center of virginia, 1993-2001. | the medical records of 48 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and 35 gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) examined at the wildlife center of virginia (waynesboro, virginia, usa) from 1993 to 2001 were reviewed. the most common diagnosis in red foxes was orphaned (33%), followed by trauma (27%), undetermined diagnosis (23%), and sarcoptic mange (17%). trauma (46%) was the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in gray foxes followed by orphaned (23%), undetermined (20%), toxoplasmosis (6%), presum ... | 2003 | 12910780 |
| the persistence of rabies virus antibodies in the sera of fox cubs. | the persistence of maternal antibodies transfer from rabies-immune vixens to their fox cubs was studied. eight vixens (vulpes vulpes) were vaccinated 1 month before pregnancy with lysvulpen vaccine for oral vaccination of foxes. twenty-one were foxes born at the first half of april. the geometrical mean titre of rabies neutralizing antibodies of fox cubs sampled in may was 1.31 iu/ml and has dropped successively to 0.54 iu/ml in june samples and to 0.18 iu/ml in july samples. it has been proven ... | 2003 | 12916696 |
| echinococcus multilocularis (cestoda, taeniidae) in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in northern belgium. | the first record of the tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis (cestoda, taeniidae) in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in northern belgium is described. between 1996 and 1999, 237 dead foxes were examined for the presence of this tapeworm using the intestinal scraping technique. four foxes (1.7%) were found to be infected with e. multilocularis and showed medium to very high parasitic burdens. three infected foxes originated from the south of the study area and the fourth animal came from the north of t ... | 2003 | 12935741 |
| molecular evolution of the leptin exon 3 in some species of the family canidae. | the structure of the leptin gene seems to be well conserved. the polymorphism of this gene in four species belonging to the canidae family (the dog (canis familiaris)--16 different breeds, the chinese racoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides), the red fox (vulpes vulpes) and the arctic fox (alopex lagopus)) were studied with the use of single strand conformation polymorphism (sscp), restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and dna sequencing techniques. for exon 2, all species pr ... | 2003 | 12939206 |
| extraintestinal nematode infections of red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in hungary. | a survey was carried out to investigate the prevalence and worm burden of extraintestinal nematodes in 100 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) of hungary. the overall prevalence of nematode infections of the respiratory tract was 76%. eucoleus aerophilus (capillaria aerophila) was the predominant species (66%), followed by crenosoma vulpis (24%), eucoleus (capillaria) böhmi (8%) and angiostrongylus vasorum (5%). pearsonema (capillaria) plica was found in 52% of the urinary bladders. in 3% of the foxes, tr ... | 2003 | 12944046 |
| ectoparasite infestations of red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in hungary. | a survey was carried out to investigate the ectoparasite infestations of 100 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in hungary. the overall prevalence of flea and tick infestation was high (62 and 86% with the dominance of the anthropophil pulex irritans and ixodes ricinus), but the number of parasites was low to moderate. felicola vulpis was not found in the present study, and the prevalence of otodectes cynotis was only 2%. based on prevalence (21%), mange lesion scores, and the negative correlation betwee ... | 2003 | 12944049 |
| examination of commercial silver fox as a possible host for echinococcus granulosus (batsch 1786) rudolphi 1805 in salt lake county, utah. | 1953 | 13084497 | |
| chromosome number in the silver fox (vulpes fulvus desm.). | 1958 | 13541480 | |
| [experimental q fever infection of fox (vulpes vulpes) and of forest mouse (apodemus flavicolia)]. | 1958 | 13608508 | |
| the fox as a definitive host of echinococcus and its role in the spread of hydatid disease. | in the first part of this discussion of the significance of the fox in the epidemiology of hydatid disease in man, the author reviews the literature on vulpine echinococciasis. he points out that the evidence available from field surveys and laboratory observations suggests that the fox is not a definitive host of echinococcus granulosus-the parasite responsible for the most common form of hydatid disease in man-but is a host of e. multilocularis, which is found in parts of europe and asia, in t ... | 1959 | 13638792 |
| investigations concerning the relationship of silver fox virus encephalitis to infectious canine hepatitis of rubarth. | 1959 | 13649470 | |
| leptospira pomona infection in an eastern red fox (vulpes fulva fulva). | 1960 | 13693849 | |
| the toxicity of some chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides to british wild foxes (vulpes vulpes). | 1963 | 14081953 | |
| dirofilaria immitis in the red fox (vulpes fulva) in minnesota. | 1964 | 14244819 | |
| [the effect of living conditions and various kinds of food on the helminthofauna in the red fox-vulpes vulpes l]. | 1964 | 14348752 | |
| age- and sex-dependent distribution of persistent organochlorine pollutants in urban foxes. | the colonization of urban and suburban habitats by red foxes (vulpes vulpes) provides a novel sentinel species to monitor the spread of anthropogenic pollutants in densely populated human settlements. here, red foxes were collected in the municipal territory of zürich, switzerland, and their perirenal adipose tissue was examined for persistent organochlorine residues. this pilot study revealed an unexpected pattern of contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), with significantly higher l ... | 2003 | 14527839 |
| comparison of the nuclear organiser region activity in four taxa of the family canidae. | four species of the family canidae were cytogenetically studied. the activity of nors was detected with the use of silver staining. the number of nors was characteristic for a given karyotype. for the dog found on autosomes 7, 17, 20 and on sex chromosome (y), for the racoon dog on autosomes 1, 4, 13 and on sex chromosome (y), for the silver fox only on autosomes 8, 9, 13 and for the blue fox on autosomes 13, 15, 17, 18, 20 and 22. the results demonstrate that nor activity is similar in all the ... | 2001 | 14564024 |
| genetic parameters of coat colour in golden fox (vulpes vulpes l.). | genetic parameters (heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations) of chosen coat colour traits of golden fox were estimated. 1013 animals, born on the sniaty fox farm (poland) in 1985-1999 were evaluated. in 1993-1999 colour type was additionally assessed for 833 animals, by detailed evaluation of coat colour on the back and sides of the body, throat colour, belly colour and the amount of silver hair. the reml method was used to estimate genetic (co)variance components. data were transforme ... | 2000 | 14564073 |
| a phylogenetic analysis of basal metabolism, total evaporative water loss, and life-history among foxes from desert and mesic regions. | we measured basal metabolic rate (bmr) and total evaporative water loss (tewl) of species of foxes that exist on the arabian peninsula, blanford's fox (vulpes cana) and two subspecies of red fox (vulpes vulpes). combining these data with that on other canids from the literature, we searched for specialization of physiological traits among desert foxes using both conventional least squares regression and regressions based on phylogenetic independent contrasts. further, we explored the consequence ... | 2004 | 14564467 |
| a red fox, vulpes vulpes shrencki, infected with echinococcus multilocularis was introduced from hokkaido island, where e. multilocularis is endemic, to aomori, northern part of the mainland japan. | 2003 | 14583648 | |
| prevalence of echinococcus multilocularis in the red fox (vulpes vulpes) in southern belgium. | between june 1998 and february 2002, 709 red foxes killed in wallonia (south of belgium) were available for parasitological examination of the gut. the identification of echinococcus multilocularis was based on morphological data. e. multilocularis adults were observed in 20.2% of the animals. the analysis of data revealed marked differences between the geological areas of wallonia; the highest prevalence (33%) was found in the ardenne and the lowest (0%) on the plateau de herve. host gender and ... | 2003 | 14597275 |
| prevalence of zoonotic important parasites in the red fox (vulpes vulpes) in great britain. | a national necropsy survey of red foxes was carried out across great britain to record echinococcus, trichinella and toxoplasma. the survey did not record directly, or indirectly using coproantigen/pcr tests, evidence for the presence of echinococcus multilocularis in 588 animals, although e. granulosus was suspected in six animals. parasitological evidence for trichinella spp. could not be found in 587 fox muscle digests, and a specific pcr test also failed to detect toxoplasma in a sub-set of ... | 2003 | 14651882 |
| a comparative study of the mammalian amygdala: a golgi study of the basolateral amygdala. | the lateral (la), basolateral (bl) and basomedial (bm) amygdaloid nuclei were compared in the guinea pig (cavia porcellus), rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus) fox (vulpes vulpes) and pig (sus scrofa) by using the golgi techniques. the interspecific comparisons of the individual basolateral nuclei have shown that the neuronal structure in each of them is extremely stable and remains almost unchanged in the series of animals studied. the only difference is the size of the basolateral neurons, which in ... | 2003 | 14655113 |
| processes leading to a spatial aggregation of echinococcus multilocularis in its natural intermediate host microtus arvalis. | the small fox tapeworm (echinococcus multilocularis) shows a heterogeneous spatial distribution in the intermediate host (microtus arvalis). to identify the ecological processes responsible for this heterogeneity, we developed a spatially explicit simulation model. the model combines individual-based (foxes, vulpes vulpes) and grid-based (voles) techniques to simulate the infections in both intermediate and definite host. if host populations are homogeneously mixed, the model reproduces field da ... | 2004 | 14711588 |
| oral vaccination against rabies and the behavioural ecology of the red fox (vulpes vulpes). | as a result of oral vaccination of foxes (vulpes vulpes) against rabies, this virus disease has almost been completely eradicated from west- and central europe. in most countries, vaccine baits were distributed twice a year: during spring (march to may) and autumn (september to october). this strategy has shown to be able to control and eventually eradicate rabies. however, it remains to be clarified if this is the most cost-effective strategy. astonishingly, the behavioural ecology of the targe ... | 2003 | 14720184 |
| epizootiologic and ecologic investigations of european brown hares (lepus europaeus) in selected populations from schleswig-holstein, germany. | from 1997-99 european brown hare (lepus europaeus) population densities were estimated by spotlight surveys within different areas in schleswig-holstein, germany. these areas showed a wide variation in local hare population densities. in addition, red fox (vulpes vulpes) densities were estimated in 1997 by surveys of fox dens and litters. sera of 321 hares (shot between 1998-2000) from four study areas were examined for antibodies against european brown hare syndrome virus (ebhsv) by enzyme link ... | 2003 | 14733269 |
| [hereditary hyperplastic gingivitis; a histological study on silver fox]. | 1952 | 14931314 | |
| comparative chromosomal localization of the canine-derived bac clones containing lep and igf1 genes in four species of the family canidae. | in the present report we show the chromosomal localization of two bac clones, carrying the leptin (lep) and insuline-like growth factor 1 (igf1) genes, respectively, in four species belonging to the family canidae: the dog, red fox, arctic fox and the chinese raccoon dog. the assignments are in agreement with earlier data obtained from comparative chromosome painting for the dog, red fox and arctic fox. | 2003 | 14970714 |
| study on the ecological distribution of alveolar echinococcus in hulunbeier pasture of inner mongolia, china. | a study on the ecological distribution of alveolar echinococcus was carried out in the hulunbeier pasture of inner mongolia, china during 1998 and 1999. animals examined included wolves (canis lupus), red foxes (vulpes vulpes), sand foxes (vulpes corsac), domestic dogs (canis familiaris), microtus brandti, meriones unguiculatus, citellus dauricus, allactaga sibirica, phodopus sungorus and ochotona daurica. three wolves were found to be infected with e. granulosus. two sand foxes were infected wi ... | 2004 | 15030006 |
| a serosurvey of hepatozoon canis and ehrlichia canis antibodies in wild red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from israel. | a seroepidemiological survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of antibodies reactive with ehrlichia canis and hepatozoon canis antigens in free-ranging red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in israel. of 84 fox sera assayed, 36% were seropositive for e. canis by the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test and 24% were positive for h. canis using an enzyme-linked immunosrbent assay (elisa). canine ehrlichiosis and hepatozoonosis appear to be endemic in the wild red fox populations in israel, and ... | 2004 | 15036573 |
| molecular and biologic characteristics of toxoplasma gondii isolates from wildlife in the united states. | toxoplasma gondii isolates can be grouped into 3 genetic lineages. type i isolates are considered more virulent in outbred mice and have been isolated predominantly from clinical cases of human toxoplasmosis, whereas types ii and iii isolates are considered less virulent for mice and are found in humans and food animals. little is known of genotypes of t. gondii isolates from wild animals. in the present report, genotypes of isolates of t. gondii from wildlife in the united states are described. ... | 2004 | 15040668 |
| environmental contamination with helminth infective stages implicated in water and foodborne diseases. | the number of parasites increased followed the rapid growing of human population on the earth. zoonoses with other medical disorders such allergy accompanied to the parasitic infection are under very carefull investigation. a zoonosis can be transmitted from animals to humans in various ways, depending on life cycle of parasite, the kind of hosts and geographical distribution of species. there are many diseases that can be linked to transmission from not only domestic but also from wild animals ... | 2003 | 15058813 |
| caesium concentration factors in wild herbivores and the fox (vulpes vulpes l). | a selection of wild animals was sampled in the winter of 1986/87. the sites chosen for sampling were based on information obtained from survey carried out by the institute of terrestrial ecology in the spring and autumn of 1986. animals included deer, grouse, hares and rabbits, and foxes which were collected as a top carnivore in the food chain. variation in concentration of caesium between species from the same area was unpredictable; rabbits, for instance, never exceeded 200 bq kg(-1) (fresh w ... | 1991 | 15092137 |
| assessing anti-rabies baiting--what happens on the ground? | rabies is one of the most hazardous zoonoses in the world. oral mass vaccination has developed into the most effective management method to control fox rabies. the future need to control the disease in large countries (i.e. eastern europe and the americas) forces cost-benefit discussions. the 'increase bait density' option refers to the usual management assumption that more baits per km2 could compensate for high fox abundance and override the imperfect supply of bait pieces to the individual fo ... | 2004 | 15113448 |
| the scanning electron microscopic study of lingual papillae in the silver fox (vulpes vulpes fulva, desmarest, 1820). | the tongues of adult silver foxes were studied using scanning electron microscopy. five types of lingual papillae were found on the dorsal surface of the tongue. the most numerous papillae were filiform papillae covering the apex and body of the tongue. the filiform papillae on the anterior part of the tongue are divided into 1 main and 10-12 accessory processes. in the posterior part of the body of the tongue the number of accessory processes is reduced. fungiform papillae are located between t ... | 2004 | 15125050 |
| the dog genome map and its use in mammalian comparative genomics. | the dog genome organization was extensively studied in the last ten years. the most important achievements are the well-developed marker genome maps, including over 3200 marker loci, and a survey of the dna genome sequence. this knowledge, along with the most advanced map of the human genome, turned out to be very useful in comparative genomic studies. on the one hand, it has promoted the development of marker genome maps of other species of the family canidae (red fox, arctic fox, chinese racco ... | 2004 | 15131351 |
| a marker set for construction of a genetic map of the silver fox (vulpes vulpes). | the silver fox, a variant of the red fox (vulpes vulpes), is a close relative of the dog (canis familiaris). cytogenetic differences and similarities between these species are well understood, but their genomic organizations have not been compared at higher resolution. differences in their behavior also remain unexplained. two silver fox strains demonstrating markedly different behavior have been generated at the institute of cytology and genetics of the russian academy of sciences. foxes select ... | 2004 | 15220384 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum: an emerging tick-borne pathogen in hungary and central eastern europe. | anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly ehrlichia phagocytophila, ehrlichia equi and anaplasma phagocytophila) is the causative agent of granulocytic ehrlichiosis (anaplasmosis) in humans, horses, sheep, cattle, dogs and cats. in the present study, 452 european sheep ticks (ixodes ricinus) collected from 100 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in hungary were tested for the pathogen, as 112 pools each containing five or fewer ticks from one fox. six of the pools, representing ticks from six different foxes, w ... | 2004 | 15228721 |
| effect of selection for behavior on pituitary-adrenal axis and proopiomelanocortin gene expression in silver foxes (vulpes vulpes). | silver foxes from a commercial population (farm bred or unselected for behavior control) and from populations selected for tame behavior and enhanced aggressiveness towards man have been investigated. plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) levels, pituitary acth levels, pomc gene expression in the anterior pituitary, and corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) gene expression in the hypothalamus were assessed. the results indicate that the males from the tame-behavior group have low ... | 2004 | 15276817 |
| cloning and characterization of the bovine testicular ph-20 hyaluronidase core domain. | the core nucleotide sequence of bovine (bos taurus) testicular ph-20 hyaluronidase was cloned using one step rt-pcr. the 5' and 3' regions were cloned separately and a sequence overlap of 124 bp facilitated the fusion of these two fragments by overlapping pcr, resulting in a concatenated sequence of 1422 bp. this nucleotide sequence and its deduced amino acid sequence were compared to homologous sequences from eight other mammal species. the bovine sequences were most similar to those of the pig ... | 2004 | 15289682 |
| testing the biomechanical optimality of the wall thickness of limb bones in the red fox (vulpes vulpes). | the optimum for the ratio k of the internal to external diameter of a marrow-filled tubular bone with minimum mass designed to withstand a given type of strength (yield/fatigue, stiffness, fracture or impact) depends on q = rhom/rhob only, where rhom and rhob are the densities of marrow and bone. with computer-assisted evaluation of radiographs of 62 femurs in the red fox (vulpes vulpes) we measured the values of k. the mean and standard deviation of k are 0.68 and 0.036, and k changes in the ra ... | 2004 | 15336931 |
| secondary poisoning of eagles following intentional poisoning of coyotes with anticholinesterase pesticides in western canada. | records of eagles, coyotes (canis latrans), and red foxes (vulpes vulpes) necropsied at the western college of veterinary medicine, saskatoon, saskatchewan, canada, between 1967 and 2002 were reviewed for cases suggestive of anticholinesterase poisoning. from 1993 to 2002, 54 putative poisoning incidents involving 70 bald eagles (haliaeetus leucocephalus) and 10 golden eagles (aquila chrysaetus) were identified. of these, 50 incidents occurred in saskatchewan, two were in manitoba, and one occur ... | 2004 | 15362815 |
| corticosteroid treatment does not reactivate canine herpesvirus in red foxes. | to study canine herpesvirus (chv) reactivation from red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 29 foxes with varying chv antibody and chv carrier status were treated with methylprednisolone acetate, a glucocorticosteroid drug with prolonged immunosuppressive effect in dogs. in the first experiment, 17 foxes with unknown chv carrier status were treated once with methylprednisolone: in the second experiment, five foxes were treated twice, 4 mo after being intravenously chv infected; and in the third experiment, s ... | 2004 | 15362823 |
| oral vaccination of captive arctic foxes with lyophilized sag2 rabies vaccine. | arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) were immunized with lyophilized sag2 oral rabies vaccine. the effectiveness of this vaccine was determined by serologic response and survival to challenge by rabies virus isolated from a red fox from alaska (usa). no vaccine virus was found in saliva 1-72 hr after ingestion. at 2 wk after vaccination, all foxes had seroconverted, with rabies virus neutralizing antibody levels of 0.2-3.1 iu ml(-1). all vaccinated foxes survived to week 17 after challenge, and hippoca ... | 2004 | 15362836 |
| characterization and mapping of canine microsatellites isolated from bac clones harbouring dna sequences homologous to seven human genes. | human primers specific for the genes lep, hbb, pax3, esr2, tph1, abca4 and atp2a2 were used to identify clones in a canine bac library. subcloning of the positive bacs in plasmids, screening with microsatellite motifs and subsequent sequencing allowed for the identification of eight novel microsatellites. the presence of the gene of interest was confirmed by sequencing the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products amplified in the positive bacs. fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) using the ... | 2004 | 15373746 |
| occurrence of helicobacter infection in the gastric mucosa of free-living red foxes (vulpes vulpes). | we studied gastric helicobacter spp. in five red foxes (vulpes vulpes). samples of stomach from the cardia, corpus, pyloric antrum, and duodenum were subjected to histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and transmission electron microscopy (tem) examination for the presence of helicobacter and gastritis. all foxes had gastric helicobacter-like organisms (ghlos) on examination by light microscopy and tem. gastric helicobacter-like organisms were present in all areas of the stomachs. chronic mild or ... | 2004 | 15465724 |
| epidemiology of alveolar echinococcosis in southern cantal, auvergne region, france. | alveolar echinococcosis (ae) is a helminth zoonosis which is encountered only in the northern hemisphere. in central france, the auvergne region represents the most western and southern extension of this helminthiasis. in 1999, a human case of ae was diagnosed in the southern part of the cantal department, where ae was supposed absent, and an epidemiological survey was subsequently carried out. the transmission of the zoonosis in the sylvatic and peridomestic definitive hosts was studied, as wel ... | 2004 | 15469627 |
| immunological tools for the assessment of both humoral and cellular immune responses in foxes (vulpes vulpes) using ovalbumin and cholera toxin b as an antigenic model. | the immune response in the fox (vulpes vulpes), despite the success of the oral rabies vaccine is not well characterized, and specific immunological tools are needed. to investigate both the humoral and cellular immune response, we used ovalbumin (ova) and cholera toxin b (ctb) as an antigenic model to set-up elisa and elispot antibodies secreting cells (asc) assays in the fox model. identification of antibodies that cross-react with fox immunoglobulin was performed by western blot, and their us ... | 2004 | 15474706 |
| long-term patterns in european brown hare population dynamics in denmark: effects of agriculture, predation and climate. | in denmark and many other european countries, harvest records suggest a marked decline in european brown hare numbers, a decline often attributed to the agricultural practice. in the present study, we analyse the association between agricultural land-use, predator abundance and winter severity on the number of european brown hares harvested in denmark in the years 1955 through 2000. | 2004 | 15479472 |
| trichinella pseudospiralis foci in sweden. | in sweden, the prevalence of trichinella infection in domestic pigs has greatly decreased since the 1970s, with no reports in the past 4 years. however, infected wild animals continue to be found. the objective of the present study was to identify the species of trichinella present in animals of sweden, so as to contribute to the knowledge on the distribution area and hosts useful for the prevention and control of this zoonosis. in the period 1985-2003, trichinella larvae were detected in the mu ... | 2004 | 15482889 |
| predation risk and longevity influence variation in fitness of female roe deer (capreolus capreolus l.). | we studied the effects of population density, red fox predation risk, individual body mass and longevity on female fitness in a free-ranging roe deer population. during the study, population density varied from 9.3 to 36.1 deer km(-2), and red fox abundance varied strongly over years owing to a sarcoptic mange outbreak. in support of our predictions, long-lived females had higher fitness than short-lived ones. further, fortunate female roe deer that gave birth in years of low red fox abundance a ... | 2004 | 15504011 |
| identification of a new, testis-specific sperm antigen localized on the principal piece of the spermatozoa tail in the fox (vulpes vulpes). | fox (vulpes vulpes) sperm antigens were identified to assess them as a potential target for a contraceptive vaccine. we report here the cloning and sequencing of fsp13, a fox sperm protein of 97 kda. the fsp13 protein was both auto- and iso-antigenic in foxes; it was recognized by sera of foxes immunized with fox sperm proteins and vasectomized foxes. the nh2-terminal sequence of fsp13 was determined, and a piece of cdna was amplified from testicular rna by reverse transcription polymerase chain ... | 2005 | 15509732 |
| rabies in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) experimentally infected with european bat lyssavirus type 1. | the susceptibility of red foxes (vulpes vulpes) to european bat lyssavirus type 1 (eblv-1) infection was examined. eight foxes were inoculated intramuscularly (i.m.) with 10(4.9) foci-forming units (ffu) (n = 4) and 10(5.1) ffu (n = 4) and observed for up to 90 days. all foxes showed manifestations of a neurologic disorder (e.g. seizures, myoclonus, agitation), starting as early as 5 days post-infection (p.i.). subsequently, all animals showed improvement followed by one or more relapses. one fo ... | 2004 | 15525359 |
| arctic rabies--a review. | rabies seems to persist throughout most arctic regions, and the northern parts of norway, sweden and finland, is the only part of the arctic where rabies has not been diagnosed in recent time. the arctic fox is the main host, and the same arctic virus variant seems to infect the arctic fox throughout the range of this species. the epidemiology of rabies seems to have certain common characteristics in arctic regions, but main questions such as the maintenance and spread of the disease remains lar ... | 2004 | 15535081 |
| biotin-avidin amplified elisa for detection of antibodies to sarcoptes scabiei in chamois (rupicapra spp.). | scabies is a major threat to the well being of mountain-dwelling bovid hosts, rupicapra rupicapra and rupicapra pyrenaica. severe outbreaks are in progress over a significant part of their distribution area and resource managers demand improved methods to monitor, analyse and possibly forecast the spread and effects of scabies at the population level. an amplified capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect antibodies to sarcoptes scabiei in chamois (rupicapra spp.) serum. ... | 2004 | 15535959 |
| circulation of toxocara spp. in suburban and rural ecosystems in the slovak republic. | toxocara spp., the common roundworms of domestic and wild animals, are the causative agents of larval toxocarosis in humans. the migration of toxocara larvae in men causes clinical syndrome, called larva migrans visceralis or larva migrans ocularis. the objective of the present work was to investigate the prevalence of toxocarosis in dogs, red foxes (vulpes vulpes), and small mammals in the slovak republic. t. canis infection was diagnosed in 16.6% out of 145 dogs examined. young animals showed ... | 2004 | 15567594 |
| rabies encephalitis following fox bite--histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of lesions caused by virus. | rabies caused by fox bite is uncommon, most cases being caused by bite of rabid dogs (95%). we report a 45-year-old lady with rabies encephalomyelitis caused by bite of a rabid wild fox (vulpes vulpes), a species prevalent in the deccan plateaus of central india. though foxes are known to be susceptible to rabies, literature on the pathological changes caused by fox bite rabies in humans is scarce. unlike the mild histological alterations described in canine rabies, a florid encephalitic process ... | 2004 | 15584211 |
| igg4 response to fur animal allergens among fur workers. | the aim of this study was to determine whether igg(4) antibodies to allergens in urine extracts from fur animals associated with positive prick tests to the same allergens and with the occurrence of respiratory symptoms among fur workers, especially among highly exposed fur farmers. | 2005 | 15592872 |
| rediscovery of trichinella spiralis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in ireland after 30 years of oblivion. | to determine whether or not ireland can be considered as trichinella-free, after more than 30 years of no reported infections in domestic and sylvatic animals and in humans. | 2005 | 15603842 |
| molecular epidemiology of terrestrial rabies in the former soviet union. | fifty-five rabies virus isolates originating from different regions of the former soviet union (fsu) were compared with isolates originating from eurasia, africa, and north america according to complete or partial nucleoprotein (n) gene sequences. the fsu isolates formed five distinct groups. group a represented viruses originating from the arctic, which were similar to viruses from alaska and canada. group b consisted of "arctic-like" viruses, originating from the south of east siberia and the ... | 2004 | 15650080 |
| crossreacting igg antibodies against fox mite antigens in human scabies. | scabies continues to be an important parasitic disease of mammals. there remain, however, major gaps in the understanding of the human host immune response, and a simple diagnostic test is lacking. in contrast to human mites, red fox mites (sarcoptes scabiei var. vulpis) can be collected easily and have been used, due to crossreactivity, for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) studies in dogs and pigs. we wanted to investigate the possibility that crossreactivity might also exist for the h ... | 2004 | 15650895 |
| superficial necrolytic dermatitis associated with hepatic lipidosis in a red fox (vulpes vulpes). | 2005 | 15675528 |