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comparative efficacy on dogs of a single topical treatment with the pioneer fipronil/(s)-methoprene and an oral treatment with spinosad against ctenocephalides felis.in the study reported here, the pioneer fipronil/(s)-methoprene topical product (frontline® plus, merial limited, duluth, ga) was compared to the oral spinosad product (comfortis® elanco, greenfield, in) for efficacy against adult fleas and preventing egg production. the product presentations, doses and labelling were the one applicable in the usa. using a standard protocol, 200 cat fleas of mixed sex were applied to dogs on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42. dogs were combed to remove fleas 24 ...201122091463
Detection of Bartonella henselae IgM in serum of experimentally infected and naturally exposed cats.Results of Bartonella henselae blood culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay on blood, or IgG antibody assays do not always correlate with the presence or absence of clinical disease in cats, and B. henselae IgG antibodies in serum do not always correlate with bacteremia. However, little is known concerning Bartonella spp. IgM antibodies in naturally exposed cats.201122092615
Evaluation of spinosad for the oral treatment and control of flea infestations on dogs in Europe.The novel ectoparasiticide spinosad is a naturally occurring mixture of spinosyns A and D formed during a fermentation process. The spinosyns are tetracyclic macrolides with a unique ring system. Their mode of action differs from that of other commercially available insecticides. Laboratory and field trials were conducted to evaluate the use of spinosad in a chewable tablet at a dose range of 45 to 70 mg/kg for the treatment and control of flea infestations on dogs in Europe. Laboratory studies ...201122141112
bartonella and rickettsia in arthropods from the lao pdr and from borneo, malaysia.rickettsioses and bartonelloses are arthropod-borne diseases of mammals with widespread geographical distributions. yet their occurrence in specific regions, their association with different vectors and hosts and the infection rate of arthropod-vectors with these agents remain poorly studied in south-east asia. we conducted entomological field surveys in the lao pdr (laos) and borneo, malaysia by surveying fleas, ticks, and lice from domestic dogs and collected additional samples from domestic c ...201122153360
bartonella clarridgeiae, b. henselae and rickettsia felis in fleas from morocco.a total of 554 fleas were collected in the moroccan casablanca and tiznit regions from domesticated animals and ruminants between august 2007 and october 2008 and were tested for the presence of rickettsia spp. and bartonella spp. using molecular methods. for the first time in morocco, we found rickettsia felis, the agent of flea-borne spotted fever in ctenocephalides felis; b. henselae, an agent of cat scratch disease; and bartonella clarridgeiae, a cat pathogen and potentially a human pathoge ...201122185943
a new rickettsia species found in fleas collected from human dwellings and from domestic cats and dogs in senegal.abstract the insects of the order siphonaptera, commonly named fleas, are vectors of pathogens around the world. our previous studies showed that 4.4% of acute febrile diseases in the sine-saloum region of senegal were due to rickettsia felis. the aim of this study was to explain the high prevalence of r. felis infections in two rural senegalese populations by an entomological, systematic monitoring protocol. a total of 232 fleas from three species (ctenocephalides felis, echidnophaga gallinac ...201222214272
real-time pcr of the mammalian hydroxymethylbilane synthase (hmbs) gene for analysis of flea (ctenocephalides felis) feeding patterns on dogs.abstract: background: precise data on quantitative kinetics of blood feeding of fleas, particularly immediately after contact with the host, are essential for understanding dynamics of flea-borne disease transmission and for evaluating flea control strategies. standard methods used are inadequate for studies that simulate early events after real-life flea access to the host. methods: here, we developed a novel quantitative polymerase chain reaction targeting mammalian dna within fleas to quant ...201222214496
dose confirmation and non-interference evaluations of the oral efficacy of a combination of milbemycin oxime and spinosad against the dose limiting parasites, adult cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) and hookworm (ancylostoma caninum), in dogs.two separate controlled and blinded studies were conducted to confirm the dose and non-interference of spinosad and milbemycin oxime (mo) administered orally in combination or alone to dogs for the treatment and control of experimentally induced flea infestations (ctenocephalides felis) and adult hookworm infections (ancylostoma caninum). for each study, dogs were allocated randomly based on pre-treatment adult flea and hookworm egg counts to one of four treatment groups of 10 animals each. in e ...201122226761
rickettsia felis infections, new zealand.to the editor: members of the genus rickettsia have garnered much attention worldwide in recent years with the emergence of newly recognized rickettsioses. in new zealand, only rickettsia typhi and r. felis, belonging to the typhus and spotted fever groups, respectively, have so far been found (1). r. typhi, primarily transmitted by the oriental rat flea (xenopsylla cheopis), has a worldwide distribution and causes murine typhus in humans (2). at the end of 2009, a total of 47 cases of murine ty ...201222261304
evaluation and modification of off-host flea collection techniques used in northwest uganda: laboratory and field studies.quantifying the abundance of host-seeking fleas is critical for assessing risk of human exposure to flea-borne disease agents, including yersinia pestis, the etiological agent of plague. yet, reliable measures of the efficacy of existing host-seeking flea collection methods are lacking. in this study, we compare the efficacy of passive and active methods for the collection of host-seeking fleas in both the laboratory and human habitations in a plague-endemic region of northwest uganda. in the la ...201222308790
cat flea infestation in a hospital: a case report.cat flea bite in humans results in extremely pruritic skin lesions. it has been reported to occur among those living in domiciliary accommodation. however, nosocomial infestation with cat flea has not been reported. we hereby report a case of nosocomial infestation of cat flea in a hospital facility. identification of the parasite, its appropriate eradication, and adequate medical management of the patients resulted in a satisfactory outcome.201222451739
pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and adverse effects of selamectin following topical administration in flea-infested rabbits.to determine pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and adverse effects of topically administered selamectin in flea-infested rabbits.201222452505
the synergistic action of imidacloprid and flumethrin and their release kinetics from collars applied for ectoparasite control in dogs and cats.the control of tick and flea burdens in dogs and cats has become essential to the control of important and emerging vector borne diseases, some of which are zoonoses. flea worry and flea bite hypersensitivity are additionally a significant disease entity in dogs and cats. owner compliance in maintaining the pressure of control measures has been shown to be poor. for these reasons efforts are continuously being made to develop ectoparasiticides and application methods that are safe, effective and ...201222498105
efficacy of slow-release collar formulations of imidacloprid/flumethrin and deltamethrin and of spot-on formulations of fipronil/(s)-- methoprene, dinotefuran/pyriproxyfen/permethrin and (s) -methoprene/amitraz/fipronil against rhipicephalus sanguineus and ctenocephalides felis felis on dogs.two studies evaluating the efficacy of an imidacloprid/flumethrin collar (seresto®, bayer animal health, ivp), a deltamethrin collar (scalibor®, msd, cp1), a fipronil/(s)-methoprene spot-on (frontline combo®, merial, cp2), a dinotefuran/pyriproxyfen/permethrin spot-on (vectra 3d®, ceva, cp3) and an amitraz/fipronil/(s)-methoprene spot-on (certifect®, merial, cp4/cp5) against repeated infestations with rhipicephalus sanguineus and ctenocephalides felis felis on dogs were conducted over periods of ...201222520338
ectoparasite infestation patterns of domestic dogs in suburban and rural areas in borneo.domestic dogs, canis lupus, have been one of the longest companions of humans and have introduced their own menagerie of parasites and pathogens into this relationship. here, we investigate the parasitic load of 212 domestic dogs with fleas (siphonaptera) chewing lice (phthiraptera), and ticks (acarina) along a gradient from rural areas with near-natural forest cover to suburban areas in northern borneo (sabah, malaysia). we used a spatially-explicit hierarchical bayesian model that allowed us t ...201222526293
efficacy of an imidacloprid/flumethrin collar against fleas and ticks on cats.the objectives of the studies listed here were to ascertain the therapeutic and sustained efficacy of 10% imidacloprid (w/w) and 4.5% flumethrin (w/w) incorporated in a slow-release matrix collar, against laboratory-infestations of fleas and ticks on cats. efficacy was evaluated against the flea ctenocephalides felis felis, and the ticks ixodes ricinus, amblyomma americanum and rhipicephalus turanicus. the number of studies was so large that only a general overview can be presented in this abstr ...201222541037
comparative efficacy on dogs of a single topical treatment with fipronil/(s)-methoprene or weekly physiological hygiene shampoos against ctenocephalides felis in a simulated flea-infested environment.flea infestations of pets continue to persist due to the lack of knowledge of flea biology and ecology. it is not unusual that pet owners believe regular hygiene, such as shampooing their dogs can replace regular insecticidal treatment. the objective of this study was to compare in a flea simulated environment, modelling exposure similar to that found in a home, that the use of regular physiological shampoo does not control fleas adequately when compared to a long acting topical formulation. thr ...201222550626
epidemiological survey of anti-flea ige in dogs in japan by using an antigen-specific ige quantitative measurement method.in japan, an epidemiological survey was performed in dogs from october to december 2008 by using a quantitative measurement method for antigen-specific ige towards specific ctenocephalides felis antigens. 214 dogs from 22 veterinary clinics were included. these clinics were located as follows, from north to south: hokkaido, aomori, fukushima, tochigi, saitama, chiba, tokyo (tama-city and ota-ku), kanagawa, gifu, niigata, kyoto, nara, osaka, hyogo, kagawa, ehime, hiroshima, yamaguchi, fukuoka, ku ...201222550629
efficacy of an imidacloprid/flumethrin collar against fleas, ticks, mites and lice on dogs.the studies reported here were conducted to ascertain the efficacy of imidacloprid/flumethrin incorporated in a slow-release matrix collar, against infestations of dogs by fleas, ticks, mites and lice. efficacy was evaluated against the flea ctenocephalides felis felis, the ticks rhipicephalus sanguineus, ixodes ricinus, ixodes scapularis, dermacentor reticulatus and dermacentor variabilis, the mite sarcoptes scabiei and the biting louse trichodectes canis.201222647530
rickettsia felis in ctenocephalides felis from guatemala and costa rica.rickettsia felis is an emerging human pathogen associated primarily with the cat flea ctenocephalides felis. in this study, we investigated the presence of rickettsia felis in c. felis from guatemala and costa rica. ctenocephalides felis were collected directly from dogs and cats, and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for rickettsia-specific fragments of 17-kda protein, ompa, and citrate synthase genes. rickettsia dna was detected in 64% (55 of 86) and 58% (47 of 81) of flea pools in guatema ...201222665618
rickettsia felis in cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis parasitizing opossums, san bernardino county, california.los angeles and orange counties are known endemic areas for murine typhus in california; however, no recent reports of flea-borne rickettsioses are known from adjacent san bernardino county. sixty-five opossums (didelphis virginiana) were trapped in the suburban residential and industrial zones of the southwestern part of san bernardino county in 2007. sixty out of 65 opossums were infested with fleas, primarily cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis (bouché, 1835). the flea minimum infection rate wit ...201222712460
the dog louse heterodoxus spiniger from stray cats in penang, malaysia.stray cats collected from georgetown, penang from 2008 to 2010 were screened for ectoparasites via fine-tooth combing. two cats from a total 102 examined were infested with the dog louse, heterodoxus spiniger. both cats, a juvenile male and female were found in close contact with each other prior to capture. the number of lice ranged from 5 and 14 in the male and female cat respectively. other ectoparasites recovered included the common cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, one louse species felicola ...201222735853
trehalose-6-phosphate synthase from the cat flea ctenocephalides felis and drosophila melanogaster: gene identification, cloning, heterologous functional expression and identification of inhibitors by high throughput screening.trehalose phosphate synthase (ec 2.4.1.15; tps) is the crucial enzyme for the biosynthesis of trehalose, the main haemolymph sugar of insects, and therefore a potential insecticidal molecular target. in this study, we report the functional heterologous expression of drosophila melanogaster tps, the gene identification, full length cdna cloning and functional expression of cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) tps, and the michaelis-menten constants for their specific substrates glucose-6-phosphate an ...201222762304
high prevalence of intestinal infections and ectoparasites in dogs, minas gerais state (southeast brazil).in the present study, 155 dogs euthanized by the zoonotic disease unit of uberlândia in minas gerais state (southeast brazil) were autopsied. ectoparasites were collected, and the intestinal content of dogs was systematically examined for the presence of helminthic parasites. in total, we isolated 5,155 metazoan parasites of eight species (three intestinal helminth species, five ectoparasite species). the cestode dipylidium caninum was present in 57 dogs (36.8 %), the nematodes ancylostoma canin ...201222825284
ectoparasites of dogs in home environments on the caribbean slope of costa rica.reports on ectoparasites on dogs in central america are scarce. the aim of this study was to identify flea, louse and tick species infesting dogs in home environments on the caribbean slope of costa rica, and determine their frequency and coexistence. ectoparasites were collected from dogs in 83 rural homes at five study sites. specimens were identified and separated according to species. fleas were the most common ectoparasite (g = 22,217, df = 8, p = 0.004). ctenocephalides felis and pulex sim ...201322832763
prophylactic treatment of flea-infested cats with an imidacloprid/flumethrin collar to forestall infection with dipylidium caninum.the objective of the study was to determine the sustained effectiveness of 10% imidacloprid (w/w) and 4.5% flumethrin (w/w) incorporated in a slow-release matrix collar in preventing dipylidium caninum infection in cats following repeated laboratory-infestations with fleas infected with metacestodes.201222839305
efficacy of permethrin, dinotefuran and pyriproxyfen on adult fleas, flea eggs collection, and flea egg development following transplantation of mature female fleas (ctenocephalides felis felis) from cats to dogs.a novel spot-on formulation combining permethrin, pyriproxifen and dinotefuran (vectra 3d™ spot-on solution for dogs) was evaluated in adult beagle dogs in a study to determine adulticidal efficacy, egg laying inhibition and viability of ctenocephalides felis felis eggs (development and emergence of fleas from the collected eggs). prior to treatment sixteen dogs were checked for their ability to keep fleas 24 hours after infestation and were allocated to treatment groups: 8 dogs served as untrea ...201222883971
surface proteome analysis and characterization of surface cell antigen (sca) or autotransporter family of rickettsia typhi.surface proteins of the obligate intracellular bacterium rickettsia typhi, the agent of murine or endemic typhus fever, comprise an important interface for host-pathogen interactions including adherence, invasion and survival in the host cytoplasm. in this report, we present analyses of the surface exposed proteins of r. typhi based on a suite of predictive algorithms complemented by experimental surface-labeling with thiol-cleavable sulfo-nhs-ss-biotin and identification of labeled peptides by ...201222912578
evaluation of the efficacy of topically administered imidacloprid + pyriproxyfen and orally administered spinosad against cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis): impact of treated dogs on flea life stages in a simulated home environment.cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis, are one of the most common ectoparasites infesting dogs and their environments. this study evaluated the efficacy of imidacloprid + pyriproxyfen (ppf) (advantage® ii for dogs) and spinosad (comfortis®) against established c. felis populations in dogs' simulated home environments.201222958307
a survey on endoparasites and ectoparasites of stray cats from mashhad (iran) and association with risk factors.as there appeared to be no data available on parasite infection of stray cats in the region and considering the potential threat of stray cats for animal and public health, the present study was carried out using biological samples and necropsy finding collected from cats captured in mashhad city in the northeast of iran. from a total 52 stray cats examined, 18 (34.6%) were male and 34 (65.4%) were female. ten species of endoparasites including helminthes and protozoa and two species of ectopara ...201123024505
first report of ctenocephalides felis felis infestation of buffalo calves in punjab, india.two female buffalo calves of approximately 3 months of age from hoshiarpur and gurdaspur districts of punjab state, india were found to be moderately infested with the cat flea ctenocephalides felis felis. the calves were apparently healthy with no clinical signs and skin lesions. the calves were also found to be simultaneously infested with ixodid tick (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus). infestations of buffalo calves by c. felis felis is reported for the first time.201123024513
an insight into the sialotranscriptome of the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis.saliva of hematophagous arthropods contains a diverse mixture of compounds that counteracts host hemostasis. immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory components are also found in these organisms' saliva. blood feeding evolved at least ten times within arthropods, providing a scenario of convergent evolution for the solution of the salivary potion. perhaps because of immune pressure from hosts, the salivary proteins of related organisms have considerable divergence, and new protein families are ofte ...201223049752
efficacy of a novel fipronil spot-on for the treatment and control of induced infestations of adult cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) and castor bean ticks (ixodes ricinus) on cats.cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) and the castor bean tick (ixodes ricinus) cause discomfort and health effects due to bites and ingestion of blood and they serve as vectors for several animal and human pathogens. effectiveness of a novel 10 % w/v fipronil spot-on (eliminall®/exproline vet™, marketed by pfizer animal health and registered and manufactured by krka, d.d., novo mesto) was confirmed against these parasites on experimentally infested cats. two parallel, unicentre and masked controlle ...201323052775
occurrence of ectoparasites on dogs in rural regions of the state of minas gerais, brazil.the present study examined occurrences of ectoparasites and identified them on dogs in rural regions in brazil, and assessed the influence of climate on these parasites. ectoparasites were randomly collected from 194 dogs living on farms located in lavras (n = 92) and nanuque (n = 102) during the dry season. during the subsequent rainy season, the same dogs in lavras (n = 71) and nanuque (n = 66) were resampled. during the experiment, fleas, ticks, lice and fly larvae were collected. the flea sp ...201223070433
parasites of domestic and wild canids in the region of serra do cipó national park, brazil.over recent decades, diseases have been shown to be important causes of extinctions among wild species. greater emphasis has been given to diseases transmitted by domestic animals, which have been increasing in numbers in natural areas, along with human populations. this study had the aim of investigating the presence of intestinal helminths in wild canids (maned wolf, chrysocyon brachyurus, and crab-eating fox, cerdocyon thous) in the serra do cipó national park (43-44º w and 19-20º s) and endo ...201223070438
ctenocephalides felis an in vitro potential vector for five bartonella species.the blood-sucking arthropod ctenocephalides felis has been confirmed as a vector for bartonella henselae and is a suspected vector for bartonella clarridgeiae, bartonella quintana and bartonella koehlerae in bartonella transmission to mammals. to understand the absence of other bartonella species in the cat flea, we have developed an artificial flea-feeding method with blood infected successively with five different bartonella species. the results demonstrated the ability of these five bartonell ...201323200028
blood meal identification in off-host cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) from a plague-endemic region of uganda.the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, is an inefficient vector of the plague bacterium (yersinia pestis) and is the predominant off-host flea species in human habitations in the west nile region, an established plague focus in northwest uganda. to determine if c. felis might serve as a y. pestis bridging vector in the west nile region, we collected on- and off-host fleas from human habitations and used a real-time polymerase chain reaction-based assay to estimate the proportion of off-host c. fel ...201223208882
parasitic infections of domestic cats, felis catus, in western hungary.during 2011, faeces from 235 owned domestic cats from a rural area in western hungary were examined using standard coproscopical techniques. the overall prevalence of cats with endoparasites was 39.6% (95% ci 33.3-46.1). the most frequently identified faecal forms were those of ascarids (toxocara, 17.4%; toxascaris 7.2%), followed by those of aelurostrongylus lungworms (14.5%), hookworms (11.1%), taeniid cestodes (4.7%), cystoisospora coccidians (4.3%), and capillarids (3.8%). single and multipl ...201323211331
a gregarine from the gut of cat flea, ctenocephalides felis (bouché) (siphonaptera: pulicidae) in taiwan: dynamic of infection patterns.an understanding on host-parasite interaction is essential for control of disease causing organisms in domestic animals. the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis (bouché) is the predominant flea infesting dogs and cats in taiwan. it was collected from 933 dogs and 197 cats from taiwan. a total of 5878 c. felis adults were recovered; 14.6% fleas were observed to harbor steinina ctenocephali. female fleas were more susceptible to gregarine infection than males. further, fleas were more likely to be inf ...201323219432
glutamate decarboxylase of the parasitic arthropods ctenocephalides felis and rhipicephalus microplus: gene identification, cloning, expression, assay development, identification of inhibitors by high throughput screening and comparison with the orthologs from drosophila melanogaster and mouse.glutamate decarboxylase (l-glutamate 1-carboxylyase, e.c. 4.1.1.15, gad) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the production of γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrates and invertebrates. we report the identification, isolation and characterization of cdnas encoding gad from the parasitic arthropods ctenocephalides felis (cat flea) and rhipicephalus microplus (cattle tick). expression of the parasite gad genes and the corresponding drosophila melanogaster (frui ...201323220582
[detection of rickettsia in ectoparasites of wild and domestic mammals from the cerro chucanti private reserve and from neighboring towns, panamá, 2007-2010].ectoparasites are the main vectors of rickettsiosis. in panama, however, limited data are available concerning the arthropod species that serve as vectors or reservoirs.201223242292
combining real-time polymerase chain reaction using sybr green i detection and sequencing to identify vertebrate bloodmeals in fleas.programs that aim to control vector-borne zoonotic diseases require information on zoonotic hosts and on the feeding behavior of bridging vectors that are capable of transmitting pathogens from those hosts to humans. here we describe an assay developed to identify bloodmeals in field-collected cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis bouché) to assess this species' potential role as a yersinia pestis bridging vector in a plague-endemic region of uganda. our assay uses a single primer set and sybr green ...023270174
two pathogens and one disease: detection and identification of flea-borne rickettsiae in areas endemic for murine typhus in california.results of an environmental assessment conducted in a newly emergent focus of murine typhus in southern california are described. opossums, didelphis virginiana kerr, infested with cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis buché, in the suburban area were abundant. animal and flea specimens were tested for the dna of two flea-borne rickettsiae, rickettsia typhi and rickettsia felis. r. felis was commonly detected in fleas collected throughout this area while r. typhi was found at a much lower prevalence ...201223270180
confirmation of the efficacy of a novel fipronil spot-on for the treatment and control of fleas, ticks and chewing lice on dogs.a novel spot-on formulation containing fipronil (eliminall(®)/exproline vet™) spot-on solution for dogs, pfizer animal health, registered and manufactured by krka, d.d, novo mesto) was evaluated in three laboratory studies to confirm efficacy against fleas, ticks and chewing lice on dogs for at least one month. control of two laboratory strains of cat flea (ctenocephalides felis), two tick species (rhipicephalus sanguineus and dermacentor reticulatus) and the chewing louse (trichodectes canis) w ...201223290278
ctenocephalides felis felis vs. ctenocephalides canis (siphonaptera: pulicidae): some issues in correctly identify these species.ctenocephalides felis felis is one of the most important ectoparasites of dogs and cats throughout the world, because of its geographical distribution, dual parasitological action as an infesting agent and a vector of diseases, the economic losses and the acquired resistance against common insecticides. in brazil, it surpasses ctenocephalides canis in distribution, number of host species infested, prevalence and epidemiological importance. however, in some studies the species have been misidenti ...201323295817
ixodid ticks, fleas and lice infesting dogs and cats in hawassa, southern ethiopia.this study investigated the prevalence, risk factors and species composition of ticks, fleas and lice infesting dogs and cats in and around hawassa in southern ethiopia. in total, 200 dogs and 100 cats were examined from november 2008 to april 2009. of the dogs and cats examined, 99.5% and 91.5%, respectively, were infested with one or more species of ticks, fleas or lice. the overall prevalence was higher in dogs than in cats. a total of six different species of ectoparasites were collected and ...201123327214
a flea and tick collar containing 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% flumethrin prevents flea transmission of bartonella henselae in cats.bartonella henselae is transmitted amongst cats by ctenocephalides felis and is associated with multiple clinical syndromes in cats and people. in a previous study, monthly spot-on administration of 10% imidacloprid/1% moxidectin was shown to block transmission of b. henselae amongst cats experimentally exposed to infected c. felis. the purpose of this study was to determine whether application of a flea and tick collar containing 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% flumethrin would lessen c. felis transm ...201323351927
preventive efficacy of frontline® combo and certifect® against dipylidium caninum infestation of cats and dogs using a natural flea (ctenocephalides felis) infestation model.two studies were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of two monthly topical anti-flea products for the prevention of dipylidium caninum infestations in cats and dogs. a single treatment with frontline(®) combo spot-on for cats (fipronil-(s)-methoprene) and two successive monthly treatments of certifect(®) for dogs (fipronil-amitraz-(s)-methoprene) were assessed for the prevention of d. caninum infestations following weekly challenges of treated cats or dogs with metacestode naturally-infecte ...201323419268
detection of rickettsia parkeri from within piura, peru, and the first reported presence of candidatus rickettsia andeanae in the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus.domestic farm animals (n=145) were sampled for the presence of ectoparasites in northwestern peru during march, 2008. ninety domestic animals (62%) were positive for the presence of an ectoparasite(s) and produced a total collection of the following: 728 ticks [amblyomma maculatum, anocentor nitens, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, rhipicephalus sanguineus, and otobius megnini], 12 lice (haematopinus suis), and 3 fleas (ctenocephalides felis). a rickettsia genus-specific qpcr assay was perfo ...201323488453
fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes.modifications in climatic conditions, movements of hosts and goods, changes in animal phenology and human behaviour and increase of wildlife, are presently concurring in the geographic spread of vectors and cardio-respiratory nematodes, e.g. dirofilaria immitis, angiostrongylus vasorum, aelurostrongylus abstrusus and capillaria aerophila. all these factors may also influence dispersion and clinical significance of fleas, thus posing relevant challenges in those regions where other parasites are ...201323497511
speed of kill efficacy and efficacy of flavored spinosad tablets administered orally to cats in a simulated home environment for the treatment and prevention of cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) infestations.the efficacy of spinosad against adult fleas (ctenocephalides felis) on cats was evaluated in two separate controlled, blinded studies-one to determine flea knockdown and speed of flea kill (sofk) on experimentally infested cats, another to assess the ability of spinosad to prevent flea infestations in a simulated home environment (she) study design. in each study, pre-treatment live flea counts were used as a blocking factor to randomize cats to treatment, and treated in the fed state, with fla ...201323522900
morphological, biometrical, and molecular characterization of ctenocephalides felis and ctenocephalides canis isolated from dogs from different geographical regions.in the present work, a comparative morphological, biometrical and molecular study of ctenocephalides spp. isolated from dogs (canis lupus familiaris) from different geographical regions (spain, iran, and south africa) has been carried out. the internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1) sequences of ctenocephalides felis and ctenocephalides canis collected from dogs from different geographical regions have been determined to clarify the taxonomic status of these species and to assess intraspecific vari ...201323525642
efficacy of selamectin, spinosad, and spinosad/milbemycin oxime against the ks1 ctenocephalides felis flea strain infesting dogs.a study was conducted to evaluate and compare the efficacy of selamectin, spinosad, and spinosad/milbemycin oxime against the ks1 strain of ctenocephalides felis on dogs.201323531322
prevalence of fleas and gastrointestinal parasites in free-roaming cats in central mexico.the prevalence of fleas and gastrointestinal parasites in free-roaming and domestic cats in central mexico was evaluated. three hundred and fifty eight cats captured in the street or brought in by owners to the animal control center unit, a unit of state government, from june 2010 to may 2011, were included in the study. all cats were examined for the presence of fleas and gastrointestinal worms. one-hundred and ninety (53%) cats were infested with at least one flea species. single infestations ...201323573282
survey of flea infestation in cats in spain.fleas are a common cause of feline skin disorders as well as vectors of zoonotic diseases. this study evaluated the flea species infesting domestic cats in spain and assessed factors influencing their distribution. fleas from 217 cats from 57 localities in spain were identified and associations between abundance, and host-dependent, host habitat and environmental factors were examined. variations in infracommunity and component community structure were also explored. three species were present, ...201223600822
efficacy of indoxacarb applied to cats against the adult cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, flea eggs and adult flea emergence.a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of indoxacarb applied to cats on adult cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis, flea egg production and adult flea emergence.201323642104
rickettsia felis in rhipicephalus sanguineus from two distant chilean cities.rickettsia felis is an emerging agent considered a human threat; although its natural reservoir and agent of transmission is the cat flea, it has been also found in other vectors. r. felis has been identified in chile in cat fleas and in one specimen of rhipicephalus sanguineus collected in the metropolitan region. the objective of this study was to detect the presence of rickettsia spp. in r. sanguineus from dogs of two different and distant geographical areas in chile.201323659352
macroparasite communities in stray cat populations from urban cities in peninsular malaysia.the occurrence of macroparasites was studied from 543 stray cats in four urban cities from the west (kuala lumpur), east (kuantan), north (georgetown) and south (malacca) of peninsular malaysia from may 2007 to august 2010. five ectoparasites species were recovered namely, ctenocephalides felis, felicola subrostratus, haemaphysalis bispinosa, heterodoxus spiniger and lynxacarus radovskyi. two cats from georgetown were infested with the dog louse, h. spiniger and this represented the first host r ...201323664711
molecular detection of rickettsia felis and candidatus rickettsia asemboensis in fleas from human habitats, asembo, kenya.the flea-borne rickettsioses murine typhus (rickettsia typhi) and flea-borne spotted fever (fbsf) (rickettsia felis) are febrile diseases distributed among humans worldwide. murine typhus has been known to be endemic to kenya since the 1950s, but fbsf was only recently documented in northeastern (2010) and western (2012) kenya. to characterize the potential exposure of humans in kenya to flea-borne rickettsioses, a total of 330 fleas (134 pools) including 5 species (xenopsylla cheopis, ctenoceph ...201323675818
wolbachia endosymbionts, rickettsia felis and bartonella species, in ctenocephalides felis fleas in a tropical region. 201323701629
dissemination of bloodmeal acquired rickettsia felis in cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis.cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis, are known biological vectors for rickettsia felis. rickettsial transmission can be vertical via transovarial transmission within a flea population, as well as horizontal between fleas through a bloodmeal. the previously undescribed infection kinetics of bloodmeal-acquired r. felis in cat fleas provides insight into the r. felis-flea interaction.201323705666
seroprevalence and risk factors for rickettsia felis exposure in dogs from southeast queensland and the northern territory, australia.the recent detection of rickettsia felis dna in dogs in australia suggests that dogs are potential mammalian reservoir hosts for this emerging rickettsia. to date, there is no published report addressing the seroprevalence of r. felis in dogs in australia.201323731951
monitoring field susceptibility to imidacloprid in the cat flea: a world-first initiative twelve years on.in 2001, an international surveillance initiative was established, utilising a validated larval development inhibition assay to track the susceptibility of cat flea isolates to imidacloprid. in 2009, an australian node was incorporated into the programme, joining laboratories in the united states and europe. field isolates of ctenocephalides felis eggs were submitted to participating laboratories and, where egg quantity and quality was sufficient, were placed in the imidacloprid discriminating d ...201323756960
prophylactic treatment of flea-infested dogs with an imidacloprid / flumethrin collar (seresto®, bayer) to preempt infection with dipylidium caninum.the objective of the study was to determine the sustained effectiveness of 10 % imidacloprid and 4.5 % flumethrin, incorporated in a slow-release matrix collar, in preventing dipylidium caninum infection in dogs after repeated laboratory infestations with fleas infected with metacestodes of this tapeworm. efficacy against infection with d. caninum was evaluated by infesting 16 dogs with cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) on study days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42, from batches suitably infected with ...201323771717
an improved bioassay facilitates the screening of repellents against cat flea, ctenocephalides felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae).repellents are a common method for preventing flea bites, making an effective system for flea repellent screening advantageous. we describe an improved technique to facilitate repellent activity screening of numerous plant-based ctenocephalides felis (cat flea) repellents.201423801453
a survey of ectoparasites infesting urban and rural dogs of maranhão state, brazil.this study evaluated for the first time, ectoparasite infestations on dogs from urban and rural areas of the continental land of the state of maranhão, northeastern brazil. in total, 622 dogs were examined for ectoparasite infestations. overall, 392 (63.0%) were infested with ectoparasites, 154 (51.3%) of 300 urban dogs and 238 (73.9%) of 322 rural dogs. five species of ectoparasites were found, three ticks [rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille), amblyomma ovale koch, and amblyomma cajennense (f. ...201323802466
the bartonella henselae sitabcd transporter is required for confronting oxidative stress during cell and flea invasion.bartonella henselae is a zoonotic pathogen that possesses a flea-cat-flea transmission cycle and causes cat scratch disease in humans via cat scratches and bites. in order to establish infection, b. henselae must overcome oxidative stress damage produced by the mammalian host and arthropod vector. b. henselae encodes for putative fe²⁺ and mn²⁺ transporter sitabcd. in b. henselae, sitab knockdown increases sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. we consistently show that sitab knockdown decreases the a ...201323811032
bartonella species infection in cats: abcd guidelines on prevention and management.over 22 bartonella species have been described in mammals, and bartonella henselae is most common worldwide. cats are the main reservoir for this bacterium. b henselae is the causative agent of cat scratch disease in man, a self-limiting regional lymphadenopathy, but also of other potentially fatal disorders in immunocompromised people.201323813816
molecular detection of rickettsia felis in different flea species from caldas, colombia.rickettsioses caused by rickettsia felis are an emergent global threat. historically, the northern region of the province of caldas in colombia has reported murine typhus cases, and recently, serological studies confirmed high seroprevalence for both r. felis and r. typhi. in the present study, fleas from seven municipalities were collected from dogs, cats, and mice. dna was extracted and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to identify glta, ompb, and 17kd genes. positive samples were s ...201323878183
ectoparasites and anti-leishmania antibodies: association in an observational case-control study of dogs from a brazilian endemic area.it has been proposed that the transmission of canine visceral leishmaniasis might involve the participation of mechanical vectors, including ticks of the family ixodidae, in particular the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus, and the cat flea ctenocephalides felis felis. here, the association between the infestation by r. sanguineus and c. felis felis and the occurrence of anti-leishmania antibodies was evaluated in an observational case-control study of dogs living in a brazilian endemic ar ...201323932895
molecular detection of rickettsia typhi in cats and fleas.rickettsiatyphi is the etiological agent of murine typhus (mt), a disease transmitted by two cycles: rat-flea-rat, and peridomestic cycle. murine typhus is often misdiagnosed and underreported. a correct diagnosis is important because mt can cause severe illness and death. our previous seroprevalence results pointed to presence of human r. typhi infection in our region; however, no clinical case has been reported. although cats have been related to mt, no naturally infected cat has been describe ...201323940746
rickettsia felis infection in cat fleas ctenocephalides felis felis.the present study evaluated the rickettsial infection in a laboratory colony of cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis felis (bouche) in brazil. all flea samples (30 eggs, 30 larvae, 30 cocoons, 30 males, and 30 females) tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were shown to contain rickettsial dna. pcr products, corresponding to the rickettsial glta, htra, ompa and ompb gene partial sequences were sequenced and showed to correspond to rickettsia felis, indicating that the flea colony was 100% infect ...201024031560
assessment of persistence of bartonella henselae in ctenocephalides felis.bartonella henselae (rhizobiales: bartonellaceae) is a gram-negative fastidious bacterium of veterinary and zoonotic importance. the cat flea ctenocephalides felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae) is the main recognized vector of b. henselae, and transmission among cats and humans occurs mainly through infected flea feces. the present study documents the use of a quantitative molecular approach to follow the daily kinetics of b. henselae within the cat flea and its excreted feces after exposure to infe ...201324056468
rickettsia felis, an emerging flea-transmitted human pathogen.rickettsia felis was first recognised two decades ago and has now been described as endemic to all continents except antarctica. the rickettsiosis caused by r. felis is known as flea-borne spotted fever or cat-flea typhus. the large number of arthropod species found to harbour r. felis and that may act as potential vectors support the view that it is a pan-global microbe. the main arthropod reservoir and vector is the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, yet more than 20 other species of fleas, tick ...201124149035
0.4% dimeticone spray, a novel physically acting household treatment for control of cat fleas.the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, is the most important ectoparasite of cats and dogs worldwide as a cause of irritation and health problems. most products to control these pests in the household environment rely upon a combination of neurotoxic insecticides and insect growth regulators to inhibit development of flea eggs and larvae into adults. however, some of these are affected by problems of insecticide resistance as well as public concerns about their potential for toxicity in domestic u ...201424169258
ectoparasites in urban stray cats in jerusalem, israel: differences in infestation patterns of fleas, ticks and permanent ectoparasites.in a period cross-sectional study performed to examine ectoparasites on 340 stray cats in jerusalem, israel, 186 (54.7%) were infested with the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae), 49 (14.4%) with the cat louse, felicola subrostratus (phthiraptera: trichodectidae), 41 (12.0%) with the ear mite, otodectes cynotis (astigmata: psoroptidae), three (0.9%) with the fur mite, cheyletiella blakei (trobidiformes: cheyletidae), two (0.6%) with the itch mite notoedres cati (astigmata: ...201424191942
detection of rickettsia in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and ctenocephalides felis fleas from southeastern tunisia by reverse line blot assay.ticks (n = 663) and fleas (n = 470) collected from domestic animals from southeastern tunisia were screened for rickettsia infection using reverse line blot assay. evidence of spotted fever group rickettsia was obtained. we detected rickettsia felis in fleas, rickettsia massiliae bar 29 and the rickettsia conorii israeli spotted fever strain in ticks, and rickettsia conorii subsp. conorii and rickettsia spp. in both arthropods. the sensitivity of the adopted technique allowed the identification ...201324226919
flea species infesting dogs in florida and bartonella spp. prevalence rates.several bartonella spp. associated with fleas can induce a variety of clinical syndromes in both dogs and humans. however, few studies have investigated the prevalence of bartonella in the blood of dogs and their fleas. the objectives of this study were to determine the genera of fleas infesting shelter dogs in florida, the prevalence of bartonella spp. within the fleas, and the prevalence of bartonella spp. within the blood of healthy dogs from which the fleas were collected. fleas, serum, and ...201424268654
direct transmission of the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) between cats exhibiting social behaviour.a study design was created to assess the potential for fleas to infest cats directly from other cats. in the first experiment, six cats were infested with 100 fleas each and then immediately put in contact with six flea-free cats for 24 h. after removal of all fleas the study was repeated and the contact between cats lasted 48 h. the total numbers of fleas recovered out of the 600 fleas deposited on the 6 donor cats after each infestation were 499 and 486 at 24 h and 48 h respectively. at 1 h po ...201324309021
the novel isoxazoline ectoparasiticide fluralaner: selective inhibition of arthropod γ-aminobutyric acid- and l-glutamate-gated chloride channels and insecticidal/acaricidal activity.isoxazolines are a novel class of parasiticides that are potent inhibitors of γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba)-gated chloride channels (gabacls) and l-glutamate-gated chloride channels (glucls). in this study, the effects of the isoxazoline drug fluralaner on insect and acarid gabacl (rdl) and glucl and its parasiticidal potency were investigated. we report the identification and cdna cloning of rhipicephalus (r.) microplus rdl and glucl genes, and their functional expression in xenopus laevis oocytes ...201424365472
yfba, a yersinia pestis regulator required for colonization and biofilm formation in the gut of cat fleas.for transmission to new hosts, yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, replicates as biofilm in the foregut of fleas that feed on plague-infected animals or humans. y. pestis biofilm formation has been studied in the rat flea; however, little is known about the cat flea, a species that may bridge zoonotic and anthroponotic plague cycles. here, we show that y. pestis infects and replicates as a biofilm in the foregut of cat fleas in a manner requiring hmsfr, two determinants for extracell ...201424391055
acquisition and excretion of bartonella quintana by the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis.bartonella quintana is transmitted by the infected faeces of body lice. recently, this bacterium was detected in cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) and in two humans with chronic adenopathy whose only risk factor was contact with cat fleas. in this study, a total of 960 c. felis were divided into 12 groups (2 control groups and 10 infected groups) each containing 80 fleas. the fleas were fed b. quintana-inoculated human blood at different dilutions (≈3.6 × 10(4) - 8.4 × 10(9) bacteria) for 4 days ...201424400877
molecular detection of rickettsia felis and bartonella henselae in dog and cat fleas in central oromia, ethiopia.fleas are important vectors of several rickettsia and bartonella spp. that cause emerging zoonotic diseases worldwide. in this study, 303 fleas collected from domestic dogs and cats in ethiopia and identified morphologically as ctenocephalides felis felis, c. canis, pulex irritans, and echidnophaga gallinacea were tested for rickettsia and bartonella dna by using molecular methods. rickettsia felis was detected in 21% of fleas, primarily c. felis, with a similar prevalence in fleas from dogs and ...201424445204
high phylogenetic diversity of the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) at two mitochondrial dna markers.the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae) (bouché), is the most common flea species found on cats and dogs worldwide. we investigated the genetic identity of the cosmopolitan subspecies c. felis felis and evaluated diversity of cat fleas from australia, fiji, thailand and seychelles using mtdna sequences from cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (cox1) and ii (cox2) genes. both cox1 and cox2 confirmed the high phylogenetic diversity and paraphyletic origin of c. felis felis. the af ...201424548270
a molecular survey of anaplasma spp., rickettsia spp., ehrlichia canis and babesia microti in foxes and fleas from sicily.fleas (insecta: siphonaptera) are obligate bloodsucking insects, which parasitize birds and mammals, and are distributed throughout the world. several species have been implicated in pathogen transmission. this study aimed to monitor red foxes and the fleas isolated from them in the palermo and ragusa provinces of sicily, italy, as these organisms are potential reservoirs and vectors of pathogens. thirteen foxes (vulpes vulpes) and 110 fleas were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to de ...201324589112
evaluation of the curative and preventive efficacy of a single oral administration of afoxolaner against cat flea ctenocephalides felis infestations on dogs.the efficacy of orally administered afoxolaner for treatment and prevention of repeated infestations with adult ctenocephalides felis on dogs was evaluated in two studies after administration of a beef-flavored soft chew. in each study, 32 dogs were divided randomly into four equal groups. dogs in groups 1 and 3 were not treated and served as controls. dogs in groups 2 and 4 were treated on day 0 with a combination of chewable tablets to be as close as possible to the minimum therapeutic dose of ...201424629423
discovery and mode of action of afoxolaner, a new isoxazoline parasiticide for dogs.afoxolaner is an isoxazoline compound characterized by a good safety profile and extended effectiveness against fleas and ticks on dogs following a single oral administration. in vitro membrane feeding assay data and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in dogs established an afoxolaner blood concentration of 0.1-0.2 μg/ml to be effective against both fleas (ctenocephalides felis) and ticks (dermacentor variabilis). pharmacokinetic profiles in dogs following a 2.5mg/kg oral dosage demonstrated unifor ...201424631502
[probable case of flea-borne spotted fever (rickettsia felis)].rickettsia felis is the etiologic agent of flea-borne spotted fever, with ctenocephalides felis as its main vector and reservoir. typically, the disease presents as acute fever associated with headache, asthenia, generalized maculo-papular rash, and in some cases, an inoculation eschar. in recent years, r. felis has acquired an important role in the etiology of the acute febrile syndrome; it is indeed an emerging infectious disease, albeit underdiagnosed. indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) ...201324652244
the intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of afoxolaner used as a monthly chewable antiparasitic for dogs.the pharmacokinetics of afoxolaner in dogs was evaluated following either intravenous or after oral administration of nexgard(®), a soft chewable formulation. afoxolaner is a member of one of the newest classes of antiparasitic agents, known as antiparasitic isoxazolines. the soft chewable formulation underwent rapid dissolution, and afoxolaner was absorbed quickly following oral administration of the minimum effective dose of 2.5mg/kg, with maximum plasma concentrations (cmax) of 1,655 ± 332 ng ...201424685320
assessment of the onset of action of afoxolaner against existing adult flea (ctenocephalides felis) infestations on dogs.the speed of kill of afoxolaner against experimental infestations by ctenocephalides felis was evaluated after oral administration of afoxolaner in a soft chew (nexgard(®)) at a dose to achieve 2.5mg/kg bodyweight. forty beagles were allocated to two treatment groups. dogs in treatment group 1 were untreated controls. dogs in treatment group 2 were treated on day-0 with afoxolaner, according to their pre-treatment bodyweight. all dogs were infested with approximately 100 c. felis on day-1. live ...201424685322
efficacy of a novel topical combination of fipronil, (s)-methoprene, eprinomectin and praziquantel against adult and immature stages of the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) on cats.the efficacy of a novel topical combination of fipronil 8.3% (w/v), (s)-methoprene 10% (w/v), eprinomectin 0.4% (w/v) and praziquantel 8.3% (w/v) (broadline(®)) was tested against adult and immature stages of ctenocephalides felis fleas in six studies. for that purpose, fleas from different colonies from north america, germany and south africa were used to induce infestations in cats under laboratory conditions. in each study, between 12 and 16 cats were allocated randomly to 2 groups. cats in g ...201424703078
rickettsia felis in ctenocephalides felis felis from five geographic regions of brazil.this study evaluated rickettsial infection in 701 ctenocephalides felis felis fleas that were collected from dogs and cats in 31 municipalities, encompassing all regions and major biomes of brazil. a total of 268 (38.2%) fleas from 30 municipalities were polymerase chain reaction (pcr) positive for the rickettsial glta gene. the pcr products from 44 fleas, consisting of at least 1 pcr-positive flea from each of 30 municipalities, generated dna sequences identical to rickettsia felis. rickettsial ...201424778194
identification of flea species using maldi-tof/ms.in the present study, a molecular proteomics (maldi-tof/ms) approach was used as a tool for identifying flea vectors. we measured the ms spectra from 38 flea specimens of 5 species including ctenocephalides felis, ctenocephalides canis, archaeopsylla erinacei, xenopsylla cheopis and stenoponia tripectinata. a blind test performed with 24 specimens from species included in a library spectral database confirmed that maldi-tof/ms is an effective tool for discriminating flea species. although fresh ...201424878069
absence of antibodies to rickettsia spp., bartonella spp., ehrlichia spp. and coxiella burnetii in tahiti, french polynesia.in the pacific islands countries and territories, very little is known about the incidence of infectious diseases due to zoonotic pathogens. to our knowledge, human infections due to rickettsia spp., coxiella burnetii, ehrlichia spp. and bartonella spp. have never been reported in french polynesia; and infections due to c. burnetti have been reported worldwide except in new zealand. to evaluate the prevalence of this disease, we conducted a serosurvey among french polynesian blood donors.201424885466
susceptibility of cat fleas (siphonaptera: pulicidae) to fipronil and imidacloprid using adult and larval bioassays.the monitoring of the susceptibility offleas to insecticides has typically been conducted by exposing adults on treated surfaces. other methods such as topical applications of insecticides to adults and larval bioassays on treated rearing media have been developed. unfortunately, baseline responses of susceptible strains of cat flea, ctenocephalides felis (bouchè), except for imidacloprid, have not been determined for all on-animal therapies and new classes of chemistry now being used. however, ...201424897856
fluralaner, a novel isoxazoline, prevents flea (ctenocephalides felis) reproduction in vitro and in a simulated home environment.fluralaner, a novel isoxazoline, has both acaricidal and insecticidal activity through potent blockage of gaba- and l-glutamate-gated chloride channels. this study investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of fluralaner exposure on flea (ctenocephalides felis) reproduction.201424946811
occurrence of dipylidium caninum in fleas from client-owned cats and dogs in europe using a new pcr detection assay.ctenocephalides fleas are not only the most prevalent ectoparasites of dogs and cats but also the intermediate host of the cestode dipylidium caninum. due to the poor sensitivity of coproscopy to diagnose cat and dog infestation by dipylidium, few epidemiological data are available on its prevalence among pet populations. a new pcr method was developed to specifically identify d. caninum rdna inside single fleas. the pcr test was then applied to 5529 fleas of ctenocephalides genus, 2701 ctenocep ...201424986432
characterisation of ecto- and endoparasites in domestic cats from tirana, albania.during 2008 to 2011, faecal samples, ear swabs, and ectoparasites obtained by full body search and total body comb were collected from 252 cats originating from the greater tirana area. faecal samples were examined using the mcmaster and baermann techniques, and a subset of 58 samples was tested for giardia-specific antigen using a coproantigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the ear swabs were examined for the presence of parasitic mites. overall, almost 93% of the cats were identifi ...201424994454
development of acanthocheilonema reconditum (spirurida, onchocercidae) in the cat flea ctenocephalides felis (siphonaptera, pulicidae).to investigate larval development of acanthocheilonema reconditum in the cat flea ctenocephalides felis, fleas were fed through an artificial feeding system with dog blood containing different concentrations of microfilariae (i.e. low, group l = 250; medium, group m = 500; high, group h = 1500 microfilariae per ml) or no microfilariae (group c). fleas were sampled at 12 different time-points throughout the study period (d1-d28) and a. reconditum was detected by dissection, pcr and histology. of ...201425068432
the role of cats in the eco-epidemiology of spotted fever group diseases.mediterranean spotted fever (msf), whose etiological agent is r. conorii, is one of the oldest described vector-borne infectious diseases. although it is endemic in the mediterranean area, clinical cases have also been reported in other regions. r. massiliae-bar29 is related to msf cases. this strain is distributed worldwide. r. conorii and r. massiliae-bar29 are transmitted by ticks. dogs are considered the sentinel of r. conorii infection. cats could also be involved in their transmission. ric ...201425084969
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