Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| conceptual framework and rationale. | the sterile insect technique (sit) has been shown to be an effective and sustainable genetic approach to control populations of selected major pest insects, when part of area-wide integrated pest management (aw-ipm) programmes. the technique introduces genetic sterility in females of the target population in the field following their mating with released sterile males. this process results in population reduction or elimination via embryo lethality caused by dominant lethal mutations induced in ... | 2009 | 19917070 |
| sit for african malaria vectors: epilogue. | as a result of increased support and the diligent application of new and conventional anti-malaria tools, significant reductions in malaria transmission are being accomplished. historical and current evolutionary responses of vectors and parasites to malaria interventions demonstrate that it is unwise to assume that a limited suite of tools will remain effective indefinitely, thus efforts to develop new interventions should continue. this collection of manuscripts surveys the prospects and techn ... | 2009 | 19917071 |
| ethical, legal and social aspects of the approach in sudan. | the global malaria situation, especially in africa, and the problems frequently encountered in chemical control of vectors such as insecticide resistance, emphasize the urgency of research, development and implementation of new vector control technologies that are applicable at regional and local levels. the successful application of the sterile insect technique (sit) for the control of the new world screwworm cochliomyia hominivorax and several species of fruit flies has given impetus to the us ... | 2009 | 19917073 |
| colonisation and mass rearing: learning from others. | mosquitoes, just as other insects produced for the sterile insect technique (sit), are subjected to several unnatural processes including laboratory colonisation and large-scale factory production. after these processes, sterile male mosquitoes must perform the natural task of locating and mating with wild females. therefore, the colonisation and production processes must preserve characters necessary for these functions. fortunately, in contrast to natural selection which favours a suite of cha ... | 2009 | 19917074 |
| sex separation strategies: past experience and new approaches. | the success of the sterile insect technique (sit) and other genetic strategies designed to eliminate large populations of insects relies on the efficient inundative releases of competitive, sterile males into the natural habitat of the target species. as released sterile females do not contribute to the sterility in the field population, systems for the efficient mass production and separation of males from females are needed. for vector species like mosquitoes, in which only females bite and tr ... | 2009 | 19917075 |
| radiation biology of mosquitoes. | there is currently renewed interest in assessing the feasibility of the sterile insect technique (sit) to control african malaria vectors in designated areas. the sit relies on the sterilization of males before mass release, with sterilization currently being achieved through the use of ionizing radiation. this paper reviews previous work on radiation sterilization of anopheles mosquitoes. in general, the pupal stage was irradiated due to ease of handling compared to the adult stage. the dose-re ... | 2009 | 19917076 |
| transgenic technologies to induce sterility. | the last few years have witnessed a considerable expansion in the number of tools available to perform molecular and genetic studies on the genome of anopheles mosquitoes, the vectors of human malaria. as a consequence, knowledge of aspects of the biology of mosquitoes, such as immunity, reproduction and behaviour, that are relevant to their ability to transmit disease is rapidly increasing, and could be translated into concrete benefits for malaria control strategies. amongst the most important ... | 2009 | 19917077 |
| male mating biology. | before sterile mass-reared mosquitoes are released in an attempt to control local populations, many facets of male mating biology need to be elucidated. large knowledge gaps exist in how both sexes meet in space and time, the correlation of male size and mating success and in which arenas matings are successful. previous failures in mosquito sterile insect technique (sit) projects have been linked to poor knowledge of local mating behaviours or the selection of deleterious phenotypes during colo ... | 2009 | 19917078 |
| field site selection: getting it right first time around. | the selection of suitable field sites for integrated control of anopheles mosquitoes using the sterile insect technique (sit) requires consideration of the full gamut of factors facing most proposed control strategies, but four criteria identify an ideal site: 1) a single malaria vector, 2) an unstructured, relatively low density target population, 3) isolation of the target population and 4) actual or potential malaria incidence. such a site can exist in a diverse range of situations or can be ... | 2009 | 19917079 |
| predicting the impact of insecticide-treated bed nets on malaria transmission: the devil is in the detail. | insecticide-treated bed nets (itns), including long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins), play a primary role in global campaigns to roll back malaria in tropical africa. effectiveness of treated nets depends on direct impacts on individual mosquitoes including killing and excite-repellency, which vary considerably among vector species due to variations in host-seeking behaviours. while monitoring and evaluation programmes of itns have focuses on morbidity and all-cause mortality in humans, local e ... | 2009 | 19917119 |
| population structure analyses and demographic history of the malaria vector anopheles albimanus from the caribbean and the pacific regions of colombia. | anopheles albimanus is an important malaria vector in some areas throughout its distribution in the caribbean and the pacific regions of colombia, covering three biogeographic zones of the neotropical region, maracaibo, magdalena and chocó. | 2009 | 19922672 |
| behavioural and insecticidal effects of organophosphate-, carbamate- and pyrethroid-treated mosquito nets against african malaria vectors. | three insecticides - the pyrethroid deltamethrin, the carbamate carbosulfan and the organophosphate chlorpyrifos-methyl - were tested on mosquito nets in experimental huts to determine their potential for introduction as malaria control measures. their behavioural effects and efficacy were examined in anopheles gambiae giles s.s. (diptera: culicidae) and anopheles funestus giles s.s. in muheza, tanzania, and in anopheles arabiensis patton and culex quinquefasciatus say in moshi, tanzania. a stan ... | 2009 | 19941597 |
| malaria vector composition and insecticide susceptibility status in guinea conakry, west africa. | this study provides data on malaria vector species composition and insecticide susceptibility status from three localities in guinea conakry. a total of 497 mosquitoes were collected resting indoors and morphologically identified as belonging to the anopheles gambiae complex. the majority of these were an. gambiae s.s. (99.6%), but a small percentage (0.4%) were identified as anopheles arabiensis. thirty-four anopheles funestus s.s. were also collected. the molecular s form of an. gambiae s.s. w ... | 2009 | 19941598 |
| environmental factors associated with the malaria vectors anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus in kenya. | the anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus mosquito species complexes are the primary vectors of plasmodium falciparum malaria in sub-saharan africa. to better understand the environmental factors influencing these species, the abundance, distribution and transmission data from a south-eastern kenyan study were retrospectively analysed, and the climate, vegetation and elevation data in key locations compared. | 2009 | 19941637 |
| entomological assessment of the potential for malaria transmission in kibera slum of nairobi, kenya. | malaria in urban and highland areas is emerging as a significant public health threat in kenya which has seen a dramatic increase in malaria transmission in low risk highland areas. the objectives of the study were to find and incriminate potential vectors of malaria in kibera, nairobi. | 2009 | 19959853 |
| sugar deprivation reduces insemination of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae), despite daily recruitment of adults, and predicts decline in model populations. | our research tests the hypothesis that the inability to sugar-feed reduces the insemination rate in mosquito populations. to test this, we measured the effects of sugar availability on cumulative insemination performance of male anopheles gambiae giles s.s. (diptera: culicidae) during 10-d periods of continual emergence of equal numbers of both sexes, and we evaluated the implications at the population level with a matrix population model. on each day of each of four replicates, 20 newly emerged ... | 2009 | 19960677 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) for rapid identification of anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes. | the main malaria vectors of sub-saharan africa, anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and anopheles arabiensis are morphologically indistinguishable, but often occur in sympatry and differ in feeding preference and vector competence. it is important to assess vector species identity for understanding the vectorial system and establishing appropriate vector control measures. the currently available species diagnosis methods for an. gambiae sensu latu require equipment to which public health practitione ... | 2009 | 19996433 |
| the effects of zooprophylaxis and other mosquito control measures against malaria in nouna, burkina faso. | in the absence of large scale, organized vector control programmes, individual protective measures against mosquitoes are essential for reducing the transmission of diseases like malaria. knowledge of the types and effectiveness of mosquito control methods used by households can aid in the development and promotion of preventive measures. | 2009 | 20003189 |
| insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae: data from the first year of a multi-country study highlight the extent of the problem. | insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is a growing concern in many countries which requires immediate attention because of the limited chemical arsenal available for vector control. the current extent and distribution of this resistance in many parts of the continent is unknown and yet such information is essential for the planning of effective malaria control interventions. | 2009 | 20015411 |
| habitat suitability and ecological niche profile of major malaria vectors in cameroon. | suitability of environmental conditions determines a species distribution in space and time. understanding and modelling the ecological niche of mosquito disease vectors can, therefore, be a powerful predictor of the risk of exposure to the pathogens they transmit. in africa, five anophelines are responsible for over 95% of total malaria transmission. however, detailed knowledge of the geographic distribution and ecological requirements of these species is to date still inadequate. | 2009 | 20028559 |
| global status of ddt and its alternatives for use in vector control to prevent disease. | i review the status of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt), used for disease vector control, along with current evidence on its benefits and risks in relation to the available alternatives. | 2009 | 20049114 |
| molecular evolution of the three short pgrps of the malaria vectors anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis in east africa. | immune responses to parasites, which start with pathogen recognition, play a decisive role in the control of the infection in mosquitoes. peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps) are an important family of pattern recognition receptors that are involved in the activation of these immune reactions. pathogen pressure can exert adaptive changes in host genes that are crucial components of the vector's defence. the aim of this study was to determine the molecular evolution of the three short pgrps ... | 2010 | 20067637 |
| leveraging skewed transcript abundance by rna-seq to increase the genomic depth of the tree of life. | assembling the tree of life is a major goal of biology, but progress has been hindered by the difficulty and expense of obtaining the orthologous dna required for accurate and fully resolved phylogenies. next-generation dna sequencing technologies promise to accelerate progress, but sequencing the genomes of hundreds of thousands of eukaryotic species remains impractical. eukaryotic transcriptomes, which are smaller than genomes and biased toward highly expressed genes that tend to be conserved, ... | 2010 | 20080632 |
| population structure of anopheles gambiae along the kenyan coast. | in the tropics, anopheles mosquito abundance is greatest during the wet season and decline significantly during the dry season as larval habitats shrink. population size fluctuations between wet and dry seasons may lead to variation in distribution of specific alleles within natural anopheles populations, and a possible effect on the population genetic structure. we used 11 microsatellite markers to examine the effect of seasonality on population genetic structure of anopheles gambiae s.s. at tw ... | 2010 | 20122886 |
| anopheles immune genes and amino acid sites evolving under the effect of positive selection. | it has long been the goal of vector biology to generate genetic knowledge that can be used to "manipulate" natural populations of vectors to eliminate or lessen disease burden. while long in coming, progress towards reaching this goal has been made. aiming to increase our understanding regarding the interactions between plasmodium and the anopheles immune genes, we investigated the patterns of genetic diversity of four anti-plasmodium genes in the anopheles gambiae complex of species. | 2010 | 20126662 |
| malaria elimination: when the tools are great but implementation falters. | 2010 | 20133988 | |
| the influence of the gilgel-gibe hydroelectric dam in ethiopia on caregivers' knowledge, perceptions and health-seeking behaviour towards childhood malaria. | malaria remains the most important public health problem in tropical and subtropical areas. mothers' or caregivers' ability to recognize childhood malaria-related morbidity is crucial as knowledge, attitudes and health seeking behavior of caregivers towards childhood malaria could influence response to signs of the disease. | 2010 | 20146830 |
| larvicidal activity of cymbopogon citratus (dc) stapf. and croton macrostachyus del. against anopheles arabiensis patton, a potent malaria vector. | methanol leaf extracts of two ethiopian traditional medicinal plants viz., lomisar [vernacular name (local native language, amharic); cymbopogon citratus (dc) stapf. (poaceae)] and bisana [vernacular name (local native language, amharic); croton macrostachyus del. (euphorbiaceae)] were screened for larvicidal activity against late third instar larvae of anopheles arabiensis patton, a potent malaria vector in ethiopia. the larval mortality was observed 24 h of post treatment. both plant extracts ... | 2010 | 20184090 |
| anopheles gambiae: historical population decline associated with regional distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets in western nyanza province, kenya. | high coverage of insecticide-treated bed nets in asembo and low coverage in seme, two adjacent communities in western nyanza province, kenya; followed by expanded coverage of bed nets in seme, as the kenya national malaria programme rolled out; provided a natural experiment for quantification of changes in relative abundance of two primary malaria vectors in this holoendemic region. both belong to the anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) species complex, namely a. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) and ... | 2010 | 20187956 |
| attracting, trapping and killing disease-transmitting mosquitoes using odor-baited stations - the ifakara odor-baited stations. | abstract: | 2010 | 20193085 |
| high resolution niche models of malaria vectors in northern tanzania: a new capacity to predict malaria risk? | malaria transmission rates in africa can vary dramatically over the space of a few kilometres. this spatial heterogeneity reflects variation in vector mosquito habitat and presents an important obstacle to the efficient allocation of malaria control resources. malaria control is further complicated by combinations of vector species that respond differently to control interventions. recent modelling innovations make it possible to predict vector distributions and extrapolate malaria risk continen ... | 2010 | 20195366 |
| laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis patton (diptera: culicidae). | a laboratory study was carried out to evaluate the repellent efficacy of a methanol-leaf extract of ethiopian traditionally used insect repellent plant viz., lomi sar [vernacular name (local native language, amharic); cymbopogon citratus (dc) stapf. (poaceae)] against anopheles arabiensis at four different concentrations viz., 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mg/cm(2). the percentage protection in relation to the dose method was performed. c. citratus extract has shown various degrees of repellency impact ... | 2010 | 20195634 |
| distribution of the main malaria vectors in kenya. | a detailed knowledge of the distribution of the main anopheles malaria vectors in kenya should guide national vector control strategies. however, contemporary spatial distributions of the locally dominant anopheles vectors including anopheles gambiae, anopheles arabiensis, anopheles merus, anopheles funestus, anopheles pharoensis and anopheles nili are lacking. the methods and approaches used to assemble contemporary available data on the present distribution of the dominant malaria vectors in k ... | 2010 | 20202199 |
| anopheline fauna and malaria transmission in four ecologically distinct zones in cameroon. | knowledge of baseline malaria transmission intensity in a given environment is important to guide malaria control interventions. in cameroon, recent information on malaria transmission intensity is insufficient. therefore, an entomological study was conducted in four ecologically different sites throughout the country to assess the seasonal patterns in malaria transmission intensity. anopheles arabiensis was the main vector in six of the nine study sites, while an. gambiae sensu stricto was the ... | 2010 | 20206111 |
| meeting the challenges of on-host and off-host water balance in blood-feeding arthropods. | in this review, we describe water balance requirements of blood-feeding arthropods, particularly contrasting dehydration tolerance during the unfed, off-host state and the challenges of excess water that accompany receipt of the bloodmeal. most basic water balance characteristics during the off-host stage are applicable to other terrestrial arthropods, as well. a well-coordinated suite of responses enable arthropods to conserve water resources, enhance their desiccation tolerance, and increase t ... | 2010 | 20206630 |
| insecticide-treated nets can reduce malaria transmission by mosquitoes which feed outdoors. | insecticide treated nets (itns) represent a powerful means for controlling malaria in africa because the mosquito vectors feed primarily indoors at night. the proportion of human exposure that occurs indoors, when people are asleep and can conveniently use itns, is therefore very high. recent evidence suggests behavioral changes by malaria mosquito populations to avoid contact with itns by feeding outdoors in the early evening. we adapt an established mathematical model of mosquito behavior and ... | 2010 | 20207866 |
| the infectivity of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana to insecticide-resistant and susceptible anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes at two different temperatures. | control of the major african malaria vector species continues to rely extensively on the application of residual insecticides through indoor house spraying or bed net impregnation. insecticide resistance is undermining the sustainability of these control strategies. alternatives to the currently available conventional chemical insecticides are, therefore, urgently needed. use of fungal pathogens as biopesticides is one such possibility. however, one of the challenges to the approach is the poten ... | 2010 | 20210990 |
| mosquito species associated within some western himalayas phytogeographic zones in the garhwal region of india. | thirty four species of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) were collected across three phytogeographic zones; tropical (300 to 1000 m), sub tropical (1000 to 2000 m) and temperate (2000 to 3000 m) in the garhwal region of india. they included 5 genera: aedes, anopheles, armigeres, culex and uranotaenia. of these, the immature forms of 23 species were recovered from different breeding habitats. the larval habitats were seepage pools, river beds, rice fields, tanks, forest pools, ditches, streams, roc ... | 2007 | 20233101 |
| an extra-domiciliary method of delivering entomopathogenic fungus, metharizium anisopliae ip 46 for controlling adult populations of the malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis. | abstract: fungal biopesticides have the potential to significantly reduce densities of malaria vectors as well as associated malaria transmission. in previous field trials, entomopathogenic fungus was delivered from within human dwellings, where its efficacy was limited by low infection rates of target mosquitoes, high costs of spraying fungus inside houses, and potential public health concerns associated with introducing fungal conidia inside houses. here we have demonstrated that metarhizium a ... | 2010 | 20233423 |
| diversity in anopheline larval habitats and adult composition during the dry and wet seasons in ouagadougou (burkina faso). | several cases of malaria are frequently recorded during the dry period in ouagadougou town (burkina faso). this has led to the design of a series of studies focusing on both parasitological and entomological investigations intended to provide relevant health data on the risk of local malaria transmission according to the way of urbanisation. | 2010 | 20298619 |
| spatio-temporal patterns in kdr frequency in permethrin and ddt resistant anopheles gambiae s.s. from uganda. | the planned upscaling of vector control strategies requires insight into the epidemiological consequences of vector resistance. therefore, the pyrethroid and ddt resistance status of anopheles gambiae s.l. was assessed in uganda from 2004 to 2006, and spatial and seasonal variations in knockdown resistance (kdr) frequencies were analyzed in terms of epidemiological significance. anopheles gambiae s.l. was ddt and pyrethroid resistant in central and eastern uganda. the l1014s kdr allele frequenci ... | 2010 | 20348500 |
| biological cost of tolerance to heavy metals in the mosquito anopheles gambiae. | the global rate of heavy metal pollution is rapidly increasing in various habitats. anopheles malaria vector species (diptera: culicidae) appear to tolerate many aquatic habitats with metal pollutants, despite their normal proclivity for 'clean' water (i.e. low levels of organic matter). investigations were conducted to establish whether there are biological costs for tolerance to heavy metals in anopheles gambiae giles sensu stricto and to assess the potential impact of heavy metal pollution on ... | 2010 | 20374478 |
| population genetic structure of anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) in a rice growing area of central kenya. | studies were conducted to examine the population genetic structure of anopheles arabiensis (patton) in mwea rice irrigation scheme and surrounding areas in central kenya, under different agricultural systems. this study was motivated by observed differences in malaria transmission indices of an. arabiensis within the scheme compared with adjacent nonirrigated areas. agricultural practices can modify local microclimate and influence the number and diversity of larval habitats and in so doing may ... | 2010 | 20380294 |
| interspecies predation between anopheles gambiae s.s. and culex quinquefasciatus larvae. | interaction of aquatic stages of coexisting mosquito species may have significant influence on resulting adult mosquito populations. we used two coexisting species, anopheles gambiae s.s. and culex quinquefasciatus to investigate whether third instars of one species consumed first instars of the other. first instars of one species were readily consumed by a third instar of the other species irrespective food quantity. dna of cx. quinquefasciatus was detected in the eight an. gambiae s.s. third i ... | 2010 | 20380312 |
| predicting and mapping malaria under climate change scenarios: the potential redistribution of malaria vectors in africa. | malaria is rampant in africa and causes untold mortality and morbidity. vector-borne diseases are climate sensitive and this has raised considerable concern over the implications of climate change on future disease risk. the problem of malaria vectors (anopheles mosquitoes) shifting from their traditional locations to invade new zones is an important concern. the vision of this study was to exploit the sets of information previously generated by entomologists, e.g. on geographical range of vecto ... | 2010 | 20416059 |
| insecticide resistance in anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) from villages in central, northern and south west ethiopia and detection of kdr mutation. | abstract: | 2010 | 20416109 |
| revisiting the impact of inversions in evolution: from population genetic markers to drivers of adaptive shifts and speciation? | there is a growing appreciation that chromosome inversions affect rates of adaptation, speciation, and the evolution of sex chromosomes. comparative genomic studies have identified many new paracentric inversion polymorphisms. population models suggest that inversions can spread by reducing recombination between alleles that independently increase fitness, without epistasis or coadaptation. areas of linkage disequilibrium extend across large inversions but may be interspersed by areas with littl ... | 0 | 20419035 |
| population size and migration of anopheles gambiae in the bancoumana region of mali and their significance for efficient vector control. | we present results of two intensive mark-release-recapture surveys conducted during the wet and dry seasons of 2008 in the villages of fourda and kenieroba, mali. the former is a small fishing village by the niger river with a moderate to high densities of anopheles gambiae giles s.s. (diptera: culicidae) throughout the year, while the latter is a large agricultural community 2 km inland that experiences strong seasonal fluctuation in an. gambiae densities. we estimate the population size of fem ... | 2010 | 20422013 |
| field efficacy of a new mosaic long-lasting mosquito net (permanet 3.0) against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors: a multi centre study in western and central africa. | due to the spread of pyrethroid-resistance in malaria vectors in africa, new strategies and tools are urgently needed to better control malaria transmission. the aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of a new mosaic long-lasting insecticidal net (llin), i.e. permanet 3.0, against wild pyrethroid-resistant anopheles gambiae s.l. in west and central africa. | 2010 | 20423479 |
| analysis of gene mutations involved in chloroquine resistance in plasmodium falciparum parasites isolated from patients in the southwest of saudi arabia. | chloroquine has been the drug of choice for the treatment of malaria for many decades. we aimed to examine the molecular basis of chloroquine resistance among plasmodium falciparum isolates from the southwestern region of saudi arabia by analyzing the k76t and n86y mutations in the pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes, respectively. | 2010 | 20427933 |
| a new resting trap to sample fungus-infected mosquitoes, and the pathogenicity of lecanicillium muscarium to culicid adults. | some soil-dwelling entomopathogenic fungi that are widely used in pest control are also able to reduce the survival of adult mosquito vectors under laboratory conditions. however, there is still little information about the naturally occurring fungal pathogens affecting culicid mosquitoes. as such, we hypothesized that fungi that already kill mosquitoes in realistic domestic environments could be effective against these vectors in human habitations. a simple, inexpensive, handmade, cylindrical k ... | 2010 | 20452324 |
| population genetic structure of anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis in niger. | the increasing usage of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets allows protection of millions of people from malaria infection. monitoring studies should be planned during any wide-scale malaria control program integrating insecticide-treated materials, to evaluate their effects and effectiveness on epidemiologically relevant parameters. such operational control interventions may be challenged by insecticide resistance spread within vector populations, as a result of wide insecticide pressure. a n ... | 2010 | 20496583 |
| the potential of a new larviciding method for the control of malaria vectors. | malaria pathogens are transmitted to humans by the bite of female anopheles mosquitoes. the juvenile stages of these mosquitoes develop in a variety of water bodies and are key targets for vector control campaigns involving the application of larvicides. the effective operational implementation of these campaigns is difficult, time consuming, and expensive. new evidence however, suggests that adult mosquitoes can be co-opted into disseminating larvicides in a far more targeted and efficient mann ... | 2010 | 20500865 |
| natural selection shapes nucleotide polymorphism across the genome of the nematode caenorhabditis briggsae. | the combined actions of natural selection, mutation, and recombination forge the landscape of genetic variation across genomes. one frequently observed manifestation of these processes is a positive association between neutral genetic variation and local recombination rates. two selective mechanisms and/or recombination-associated mutation (ram) could generate this pattern, and the relative importance of these alternative possibilities remains unresolved generally. here we quantify nucleotide di ... | 2010 | 20508143 |
| presence of two alternative kdr-like mutations, l1014f and l1014s, and a novel mutation, v1010l, in the voltage gated na+ channel of anopheles culicifacies from orissa, india. | knockdown resistance in insects resulting from mutation(s) in the voltage gated na+ channel (vgsc) is one of the mechanisms of resistance against ddt and pyrethroids. recently a point mutation leading to leu-to-phe substitution in the vgsc at residue 1014, a most common kdr mutation in insects, was reported in anopheles culicifacies-a major malaria vector in the indian subcontinent. this study reports the presence of two additional amino acid substitutions in the vgsc of an an. culicifacies popu ... | 2010 | 20509922 |
| near-infrared spectroscopy as a complementary age grading and species identification tool for african malaria vectors. | abstract: near-infrared spectroscopy (nirs) was recently applied to age-grade and differentiate laboratory reared anopheles gambiae sensu strico and anopheles arabiensis sibling species of anopheles gambiae sensu lato complex. in this study, we report further on the accuracy of this tool for simultaneously estimating the age class and differentiating the morphologically indistinguishable an. gambiae s.s. and an. arabiensis from semi-field releases and wild populations. nine different ages (1, 3, ... | 2010 | 20525305 |
| is aging raw cattle urine efficient for sampling anopheles arabiensis patton? | to ensure sustainable routine surveillance of mosquito vectors, simple, effective and ethically acceptable tools are required. as a part of that, we evaluated the efficiency of resting boxes baited with fresh and aging cattle urine for indoor and outdoor sampling of an. arabiensis in the lower moshi rice irrigation schemes. | 2010 | 20550680 |
| the spatial-temporal clustering of plasmodium falciparum infection over eleven years in gezira state, the sudan. | malaria infection and disease exhibit microgeographic heterogeneity which if predictable could have implications for designing small-area intervention. here, the space-time clustering of plasmodium falciparum infections using data from repeat cross-sectional surveys in gezira state, a low transmission area in northern sudan, is investigated. | 2010 | 20565854 |
| sleeping arrangement and house structure affect bed net use in villages along lake victoria. | although insecticide-treated bed nets are effective tools, use often does not follow ownership. house structure and space arrangements may make the attempt to use bed nets difficult, especially for school age children. the objectives of this study were to explore whether an individual's sleeping arrangements and house structure affect bed net use in villages along lake victoria in western kenya. | 2010 | 20569459 |
| trapping mosquitoes using milk products as odour baits in western kenya. | abstract: | 2010 | 20573278 |
| effect of incentives on insecticide-treated bed net use in sub-saharan africa: a cluster randomized trial in madagascar. | insecticide-treated bed nets (itns) have been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality due to malaria in sub-saharan africa. strategies using incentives to increase itn use could be more efficient than traditional distribution campaigns. to date, behavioural incentives have been studied mostly in developed countries. no study has yet looked at the effect of incentives on the use of itns. reported here are the results of a cluster randomized controlled trial testing household-level incentives for ... | 2010 | 20579392 |
| impact of promoting longer-lasting insecticide treatment of bed nets upon malaria transmission in a rural tanzanian setting with pre-existing high coverage of untreated nets. | the communities of namawala and idete villages in southern tanzania experienced extremely high malaria transmission in the 1990s. by 2001-03, following high usage rates (75% of all age groups) of untreated bed nets, a 4.2-fold reduction in malaria transmission intensity was achieved. since 2006, a national-scale programme has promoted the use of longer-lasting insecticide treatment kits (consisting of an insecticide plus binder) co-packaged with all bed nets manufactured in the country. | 2010 | 20579399 |
| frequency of multiple blood meals taken in a single gonotrophic cycle by anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes in macha, zambia. | anopheles arabiensis is a major vector of plasmodium falciparum in southern zambia. this study aimed to determine the rate of multiple human blood meals taken by an. arabiensis to more accurately estimate entomologic inoculation rates (eirs). mosquitoes were collected in four village areas over two seasons. dna from human blood meals was extracted and amplified at four microsatellite loci. using the three-allele method, which counts > or = 3 alleles at any microsatellite locus as a multiple bloo ... | 2010 | 20595474 |
| first evidence of high knockdown resistance frequency in anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) from ethiopia. | the status of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation was investigated in the major malaria vector anopheles arabiensis patton (diptera: culicidae) from ethiopia. among 240 mosquito samples from 15 villages of southwestern ethiopia that were screened by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction for kdr mutations, the west african kdr mutation (l1014f) was detected in almost all specimens (98.5%), whereas the east african kdr mutation (l1014s) was absent. moreover, the mortality of an. gambiae s.l. t ... | 2010 | 20595490 |
| shading by napier grass reduces malaria vector larvae in natural habitats in western kenya highlands. | increased human population in the western kenya highlands has led to reclamation of natural swamps resulting in the creation of habitats suitable for the breeding of anopheles gambiae, the major malaria vector in the region. here we report on a study to restore the reclaimed swamp and reverse its suitability as a habitat for malaria vectors. napier grass-shaded and non-shaded water channels in reclaimed sites in western kenya highlands were studied for the presence and density of mosquito larvae ... | 2010 | 20602147 |
| effect of different hosts on feeding patterns and mortality of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) and their implications on parasite transmission. | the host-response to hematophagus insects is still an important parameter in understanding disease transmission patterns. we investigated the feeding and mortality rates of three mosquito species, namely culex quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti and anopheles arabiensis against three different hosts. | 2010 | 20606966 |
| biochemical basis of permethrin resistance in anopheles arabiensis from lower moshi, north-eastern tanzania. | development of resistance to different classes of insecticides is a potential threat to malaria control. with the increasing coverage of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets in tanzania, the continued monitoring of resistance in vector populations is crucial. it may facilitate the development of novel strategies to prevent or minimize the spread of resistance. in this study, metabolic-based mechanisms conferring permethrin (pyrethroid) resistance were investigated in anopheles arabiensis of low ... | 2010 | 20609220 |
| advances in rift valley fever research: insights for disease prevention. | the purpose was to review recent research on rift valley fever virus (rvfv) infection, encompassing four main areas: epidemiology and outbreak prediction, viral pathogenesis, human diagnostics and therapeutics, and vaccine and therapeutic candidates. | 2010 | 20613512 |
| relationship of larval desiccation to anopheles gambiae giles and an. arabiensis patton survival. | the relationship between mosquito 4th instar larval desiccation and survival to adulthood was explored by three methods in the laboratory. two colonies of anopheles arabiensis and one of anopheles gambiae were studied. we found significant differences in tolerance to desiccation among all three stocks suggesting an intra- and interspecific genetic component to desiccation tolerance. an. arabiensis kgb, originating from zimbabwe about 1975, had a much-reduced desiccation tolerance compared to an. ... | 2010 | 20618657 |
| potential benefits, limitations and target product-profiles of odor-baited mosquito traps for malaria control in africa. | traps baited with synthetic human odors have been proposed as suitable technologies for controlling malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases. we investigated the potential benefits of such traps for preventing malaria transmission in africa and the essential characteristics that they should possess so as to be effective. | 2010 | 20644731 |
| successful field trial of attractive toxic sugar bait (atsb) plant-spraying methods against malaria vectors in the anopheles gambiae complex in mali, west africa. | based on highly successful demonstrations in israel that attractive toxic sugar bait (atsb) methods can decimate local populations of mosquitoes, this study determined the effectiveness of atsb methods for malaria vector control in the semi-arid bandiagara district of mali, west africa. | 2010 | 20663142 |
| effects of larval growth condition and water availability on desiccation resistance and its physiological basis in adult anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. | natural populations of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae s.s. are exposed to large seasonal and daily fluctuations in relative humidity and temperature, which makes coping with drought a crucial aspect of their ecology. | 2010 | 20691104 |
| anopheles larval abundance and diversity in three rice agro-village complexes mwea irrigation scheme, central kenya. | the diversity and abundance of anopheles larvae has significant influence on the resulting adult mosquito population and hence the dynamics of malaria transmission. studies were conducted to examine larval habitat dynamics and ecological factors affecting survivorship of aquatic stages of malaria vectors in three agro-ecological settings in mwea, kenya. | 2010 | 20691120 |
| transcriptional profiling of anopheles gambiae mosquitoes for adult age estimation. | the age distribution of female mosquitoes in the field is a critical component of vectorial capacity because of the extrinsic incubation period of mosquito-borne pathogens. however this parameter has not been well characterized in malaria vectors because of methodological difficulties; transcriptional profiling provides a potential new approach for age determination. in anopheles gambiae, microarrays were used to examine global gene expression over adult life. nine genes were selected from the 2 ... | 2010 | 20695922 |
| optimization of odour-baited resting boxes for sampling malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis patton, in arid and highland areas of africa. | abstract: | 2010 | 20723243 |
| genome-wide analysis of transcriptomic divergence between laboratory colony and field anopheles gambiae mosquitoes of the m and s molecular forms. | our knowledge of anopheles gambiae molecular biology has mainly been based on studies using inbred laboratory strains. differences in the environmental exposure of these and natural field mosquitoes have inevitably led to physiological divergences. we have used global transcript abundance analyses to probe into this divergence, and identified transcript abundance patterns of genes that provide insight on specific adaptations of caged and field mosquitoes. we also compared the gene transcript abu ... | 2010 | 20738426 |
| fever prevalence and management among three rural communities in the north west zone, somalia. | between march and august 2008 we undertook 2 cross-sectional surveys among 1375 residents of 3 randomly selected villages in the district of gebiley in the north-west zone, somalia. we investigated for the presence of malaria infection and the period prevalence of self-reported fever 14 days prior to both surveys. all blood samples examined were negative for both species of plasmodium. the period prevalence of 14-day fevers was 4.8% in march and 0.6% in august; the majority of fevers (84.4%) wer ... | 2010 | 20799585 |
| anopheline and culicine mosquitoes are not repelled by surfaces treated with the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana. | abstract: | 2010 | 20799937 |
| anthropophilic mosquitoes and malaria transmission in the eastern foothills of the central highlands of madagascar. | malaria remains a major public health problem in madagascar, as it is the first cause of morbidity in health care facilities. its transmission remains poorly documented. an entomological study was carried out over 1 year (october 2003-september 2004) in saharevo, a village located at an altitude of 900m on the eastern edge of the malagasy central highlands. mosquitoes were sampled weekly upon landing on human volunteers and in various resting-places. out of 5515 mosquitoes collected on humans, 3 ... | 2010 | 20804715 |
| an exposure-free tool for monitoring adult malaria mosquito populations. | catches of anopheles gambiae and an. arabiensis with the ifakara tent trap-model b (itt-b) correlate better with human landing catches than any other method but fail to reduce the proportion of blood-fed mosquito caught, which indicates that users are exposed to bites during collection. an improved c model (itt-c) was developed and evaluated by comparing with itt-b in semi-field and full-field conditions in southern tanzania. the sensitivity of the itt-c was approximately two times that of the i ... | 2010 | 20810826 |
| a network population model of the dynamics and control of african malaria vectors. | a more robust assessment of malaria control through mosquito larval habitat destruction will come from a better understanding of the distribution, productivity and connectivity of breeding sites. the present study examines the significance of vector dispersal ability, larval habitat stability and productivity on the persistence and extinction of a mosquito population inhabiting a dynamic network of breeding sites. we use this novel method of vector modelling to show that when dispersal is limite ... | 0 | 20813387 |
| spatial heterogeneity and temporal evolution of malaria transmission risk in dakar, senegal, according to remotely sensed environmental data. | the united nations forecasts that by 2050, more than 60% of the african population will live in cities. thus, urban malaria is considered an important emerging health problem in that continent. remote sensing (rs) and geographic information systems (gis) are useful tools for addressing the challenge of assessing, understanding and spatially focusing malaria control activities. the objectives of the present study were to use high spatial resolution spot (satellite pour l'observation de la terre) ... | 2010 | 20815867 |
| low linkage disequilibrium in wild anopheles gambiae s.l. populations. | in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae, understanding diversity in natural populations and genetic components of important phenotypes such as resistance to malaria infection is crucial for developing new malaria transmission blocking strategies. the design and interpretation of many studies here depends critically on linkage disequilibrium (ld). for example in association studies, ld determines the density of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) to be genotyped to represent the majority of th ... | 2010 | 20843306 |
| evaluation of indoor residual spraying with the pyrrole insecticide chlorfenapyr against pyrethroid-susceptible anopheles arabiensis and pyrethroid-resistant culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. | chlorfenapyr is a pyrrole insecticide with a unique non-neurological mode of action. laboratory bioassays of chlorfenapyr comparing the mortality of pyrethroid-susceptible and -resistant anopheles gambiae s.s. and culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes indicated that operational cross-resistance is unlikely to occur (resistance ratio ranged between 0 and 2.1). three trials of chlorfenapyr indoor residual spraying were undertaken in experimental huts in an area of rice irrigation in northern tanzania ... | 2010 | 20850003 |
| field experiments of anopheles gambiae attraction to local fruits/seedpods and flowering plants in mali to optimize strategies for malaria vector control in africa using attractive toxic sugar bait methods. | based on recent studies in israel demonstrating that attractive toxic sugar bait (atsb) methods can be used to decimate local anopheline and culicine mosquito populations, an important consideration is whether the same methods can be adapted and improved to attract and kill malaria vectors in africa. the atsb approach uses fruit or flower scent as an attractant, sugar solution as a feeding stimulant, and an oral toxin. the atsb solutions are either sprayed on vegetation or suspended in simple ba ... | 2010 | 20854666 |
| spatially explicit predictions of blood parasites in a widely distributed african rainforest bird. | critical to the mitigation of parasitic vector-borne diseases is the development of accurate spatial predictions that integrate environmental conditions conducive to pathogen proliferation. species of plasmodium and trypanosoma readily infect humans, and are also common in birds. here, we develop predictive spatial models for the prevalence of these blood parasites in the olive sunbird (cyanomitra olivacea). since this species exhibits high natural parasite prevalence and occupies diverse habita ... | 2010 | 20880888 |
| centers for disease control light traps for monitoring anopheles arabiensis human biting rates in an area with low vector density and high insecticide-treated bed net use. | human landing catches (hlcs) are currently the preferred method to determine vector human biting rates (hbrs), which are key determinants of entomologic inoculation rates and important measures for assessing the impact of vector control efforts. although hlcs are the most direct means of establishing hbrs, they are labor-intensive, and their use is facing increasing ethical concerns. the relationship between centers for disease control (cdc) light traps and hlc collections was evaluated in macha ... | 2010 | 20889876 |
| analysis of anopheles arabiensis blood feeding behavior in southern zambia during the two years after introduction of insecticide-treated bed nets. | anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes are the primary vector responsible for plasmodium falciparum transmission in macha, zambia. because insecticide-treated bed nets (itns) have the potential to alter host feeding behavior, the extent of the zoophilic and exophagic tendencies of the vector was evaluated during the two rainy seasons after itn introduction. centers for disease control light traps, paired indoor/outdoor human landing catches, and outdoor cattle-baited collections were used to assess pot ... | 2010 | 20889878 |
| a method of active case detection to target reservoirs of asymptomatic malaria and gametocyte carriers in a rural area in southern province, zambia. | asymptomatic reservoirs of malaria parasites are common yet are difficult to detect, posing a problem for malaria control. if control programmes focus on mosquito control and treatment of symptomatic individuals only, malaria can quickly resurge if interventions are scaled back. foci of parasite populations must be identified and treated. therefore, an active case detection system that facilitates detection of asymptomatic parasitaemia and gametocyte carriers was developed and tested in the mach ... | 2010 | 20920328 |
| predators of anopheles gambiae sensu lato (diptera: culicidae) larvae in wetlands, western kenya: confirmation by polymerase chain reaction method. | polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to determine whether mosquito predators in wetland habitats feed on anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) larvae. aquatic mosquito predators were collected from six wetlands near lake victoria in mbita, western kenya. this study revealed that the whole positive rate of an. gambiae s.l. from 330 predators was 54.2%. the order of positive rate was the highest in odonata (70.2%), followed by hemiptera (62.8%), amphibia (41.7%), and coleoptera (18%). th ... | 2010 | 20939371 |
| sugar-fermenting yeast as an organic source of carbon dioxide to attract the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. | carbon dioxide (co2) plays an important role in the host-seeking process of opportunistic, zoophilic and anthropophilic mosquito species and is, therefore, commonly added to mosquito sampling tools. the african malaria vector anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is attracted to human volatiles augmented by co2. this study investigated whether co2, usually supplied from gas cylinders acquired from commercial industry, could be replaced by co2 derived from fermenting yeast (yeast-produced co2). | 2010 | 20973963 |
| breakpoint structure of the anopheles gambiae 2rb chromosomal inversion. | alternative arrangements of chromosome 2 inversions in anopheles gambiae are important sources of population structure, and are associated with adaptation to environmental heterogeneity. the forces responsible for their origin and maintenance are incompletely understood. molecular characterization of inversion breakpoints provides insight into how they arose, and provides the basis for development of molecular karyotyping methods useful in future studies. | 2010 | 20974007 |
| humming in tune: sex and species recognition by mosquitoes on the wing. | mosquitoes are more sensitive to sound than any other insect due to the remarkable properties of their antennae and johnston's organ at the base of each antenna. male mosquitoes detect and locate female mosquitoes by hearing the female's flight tone, but until recently we had no idea that females also respond to male flight tones. our investigation of a novel mechanism of sex recognition in toxorhynchites brevipalpis revealed that male and female mosquitoes actively respond to the flight tones o ... | 2010 | 20976515 |
| evaluation of selected south african ethnomedicinal plants as mosquito repellents against the anopheles arabiensis mosquito in a rodent model. | this study was initiated to establish whether any south african ethnomedicinal plants (indigenous or exotic), that have been reported to be used traditionally to repel or kill mosquitoes, exhibit effective mosquito repellent properties. | 2010 | 21029442 |
| the effect of repeated washing of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins) on the feeding success and survival rates of anopheles gambiae. | insecticide-treated nets protect users from mosquito bites, thereby preventing transmissions of mosquito borne pathogens. repeated washing of nets removes insecticide on the netting rendering them ineffective within a short period. long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins) offer longer time protection against such bites because they are more wash resistant, and are preferred to conventionally treated nets. however, there is limited information on the effect of repeated washing of llins on th ... | 2010 | 21029477 |
| identifying malaria vector breeding habitats with remote sensing data and terrain-based landscape indices in zambia. | malaria, caused by the parasite plasmodium falciparum, is a significant source of morbidity and mortality in southern zambia. in the mapanza chiefdom, where transmission is seasonal, anopheles arabiensis is the dominant malaria vector. the ability to predict larval habitats can help focus control measures. | 2010 | 21050496 |
| patterns and seasonality of malaria transmission in the forest-savannah transitional zones of ghana. | knowledge of the local pattern of malaria transmission and the effect of season on transmission is essential for the planning and evaluation of malaria interventions. therefore, entomological surveys were carried out in the forest-savannah transitional belt of ghana (kintampo) from november 2003 to november 2005 in preparation for drug and vaccine trials. | 2010 | 21054895 |
| simultaneous identification of the anopheles funestus group and anopheles longipalpis type c by pcr-rflp. | anopheles longipalpis is morphologically similar to the major african malaria vector anopheles funestus at the adult stage although it is very different at the larval stage. despite the development of the species-specific multiplex pcr assay for the an. funestus group, the genomic dna of anopheles longipalpis type c specimens can be amplified with the anopheles vaneedeni and anopheles parensis primers from this assay. the standard, species-specific an. funestus group pcr, results in the amplific ... | 2010 | 21054905 |
| molecular epidemiology of plasmodium species prevalent in yemen based on 18 s rrna. | abstract: | 2010 | 21092097 |
| the dominant anopheles vectors of human malaria in africa, europe and the middle east: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic précis. | abstract: | 2010 | 21129198 |