Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| effects of host desiccation on development, survival, and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematode steinernema carpocapsae. | this study investigates the effect of host desiccation on entomopathogenic nematode (epn) development, emergence, infectivity, and cross-protection against secondary environmental stress. galleria mellonella hosts infected with the epn steinernema carpocapsae a10 were allowed to dehydrate in an environmental chamber for up to 56 days at 23 degrees c achieving a weight loss of approximately 86% by day 44 post-infection. host carcasses were rehydrated on water-saturated filter paper in white traps ... | 2004 | 15109900 |
| cloning and expression of an inhibitor of microbial metalloproteinases from insects contributing to innate immunity. | the first impi (inhibitor of metalloproteinases from insects) was identified in the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella [wedde, weise, kopacek, franke and vilcinskas (1998) eur. j. biochem. 255, 535-543]. here we report cloning and expression of a cdna coding for this impi. the impi mrna was identified among the induced transcripts from a subtractive and suppressive pcr analysis after bacterial challenge of g. mellonella larvae. induced expression of the impi during a humoral immune response w ... | 2004 | 15115439 |
| purification and cdna cloning of a cecropin-like peptide from the great wax moth, galleria mellonella. | a cecropin-like antimicrobial peptide, gm cecropin, was purified from hemolymph of larvae of the wax moth, galleria mellonella, immunized against e. coli, and its antibacterial activity was examined in a radial diffusion assay. the molecular mass of gm cecropin was 4,160.69 da by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. the full-length cdna of the gm cecropin precursor was cloned by a combination of rt-pcr, based on the n-terminal sequence obtained b ... | 2004 | 15179040 |
| cloning and heterologous expression of a novel insecticidal gene (tccc1) from xenorhabdus nematophilus strain. | we have identified and cloned a novel toxin gene (tccc1/xptb1) from xenorhabdus nematophilus strain isolated from korea-specific entomophagous nematode steinernema glaseri mk. the dna sequence of cloned toxin gene (3048 bp) has an open reading frame encoding 1016 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 111058 da. the toxin sequence shares 50-96% identical amino acid residues with the previously reported tccc1 cloned from x. nematophilus, photorhabdus luminescens w14 p. luminescens tto1, a ... | 2004 | 15194482 |
| bacterial formyl peptides affect the innate cellular antimicrobial responses of larval galleria mellonella (insecta: lepidoptera). | the non-self cellular (hemocytic) responses of galleria mellonella larvae, including the attachment to slides and the removal of the bacteria xenorhabdus nematophila and bacillus subtilis from the hemolymph, were affected by n-formyl peptides. both n-formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fmlf) and the ester derivative decreased hemocyte adhesion in vitro, and both elevated hemocyte counts and suppressed the removal of both x. nematophila and b. subtilis from the hemolymph in vivo. the amide der ... | 2004 | 15213752 |
| [microsporidiosis in the wax moth galleria mellonella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) caused by vairimorpha ephestiae (microsporidia: burenellidae)]. | an experimental microsporidiosis of the wax moth caterpillars from laboratory population had been caused by oral infecting of early stages larvae and by intracavity injections of the spores of the microsporidian species vairimorpha ephestiae. peculiarities of microsporidiosis proceeding, manifestations of host defence reactions, and also an effect of the temperature of caterpillars cultivation and conditions of spores keeping on liability of the insects to the infection were studied. the effect ... | 2007 | 15272821 |
| jnk map kinase is involved in the humoral immune response of the greater wax moth larvae galleria mellonella. | we investigated the participation of map kinases in the response of galleria mellonella larvae to immune challenge. jnk map kinase was activated in fat body 10-15 min after lps injection in vivo. the level of jnk activation was time- and lps dosage-dependent. jnk map kinase isolated from cell-free extract of fat bodies dissected from immune stimulated larvae phosphorylated c-jun protein in vitro. the activity of gm jnk kinase was abolished in the presence of the jnk specific inhibitor sp600125. ... | 2004 | 15274175 |
| [change of the antioxidant status and free radicals production in hemolymph of galleria mellonella larvae in microsporidiosis]. | 2012 | 15279156 | |
| the role of steinernema feltiae body-surface lipids in host-parasite immunological interactions. | interactions between entomopathogenic nematodes (steinernema feltiae) and insect host (galleria mellonella) immune system were investigated. we focused on the immunosuppressive properties of the parasite cuticle and on its interaction with hemolymph humoral components. effects of parasite cuticle against host propo system enzymatic cascade were evaluated a short time after infection. the presence of parasite cuticles decreased both normal and lps-elicited propo system activity, suggesting that s ... | 2004 | 15287592 |
| bee moth (galleria mellonella) allergic reactions are caused by several thermolabile antigens. | exposure and contact with bee moth (galleria mellonella) larvae (gm) can cause an allergic reaction both in anglers and breeders. we described the case of an amateur fisherman who experienced an allergic reaction using gm but not using heat-treated gm (h-gm) (mummies). the aim of this study was to demonstrate by immunoblotting and radioallergosorbent test (rast)-inhibition experiments the loss of allergenic epitopes in h-gm extracts. | 2004 | 15291910 |
| [wide range of the use of natural lipases and esterases to inhibit mycobacterium tuberculosis]. | lipases and/or esterases (hereinafter referred to as esterases) isolated from the wax moth (galleria mellonella) were found to have a bacteriological action on mycobacterium tuberculosis (mbt) h37rv. different types of raw esterase preparations (rep) were incubated with mbt at 37 degrees c for 18 hours, the incubate was seeded on the finn-ii solid medium or intraperitoneally injected into guinea pigs in a single dose of 100,000,000 bacteria. there was no growth of mbt in the medium within 8 week ... | 2004 | 15315135 |
| effects of two hemolymph proteins on humoral defense reactions in the wax moth, galleria mellonella. | two hemolymph proteins were isolated from the wax moth, galleria mellonella, larvae by a two-step procedure consisting of acid extraction and reversed phase (rp)-hplc. one was an apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) previously characterized as a lipopolysaccharide (lps) binding protein in the hemolymph of g. mellonella. the other was confirmed to be a new protein with a molecular mass of 23,768.69 da, referred to as gm protein-24. the full-length cdna of gm protein-24 was cloned from the fat body. the ... | 2005 | 15325522 |
| metaphosphate in the excreta of the wax moth, galleria mellonella. | 1950 | 15439277 | |
| production in vitro of toxic macromolecules by strains of beauveria bassiana, and purification of a chitosanase-like protein secreted by a melanizing isolate. | the production of macromolecular insecticidal toxins in adamek's medium by two selected strains of beauveria bassiana was investigated. filtrates and dialysates of the melanizing strain 618 were toxic when injected into the lepidopteran insect galleria mellonella. separation by deae chromatography revealed that peaks eluted respectively with 100 and 200 mm nacl (p 100 and p 200) had an insecticidal activity and induced cuticular blackening. a hydrophilic protein, bclp, which causes the formation ... | 2004 | 15450862 |
| immune activation of apolipophorin-iii and its distribution in hemocyte from hyphantria cunea. | apolipophorin-iii (apolp-iii) is a hemolymph protein whose function is to facilitate lipid transport in an aqueous medium. recently, apolp-iii in galleria mellonella larvae was shown to play an unexpected role in insect immune activation. we identified the cdna sequence of hyphantria cunea apolp-iii by oligonucleotide-primed amplification, and 5'- and 3'-race pcr. since h. cunea has an unusually low level of apolp-iii in the hemolymph, a recombinant apolp-iii was overexpressed using a baculoviru ... | 2004 | 15475296 |
| correlation between gliotoxin production and virulence of aspergillus fumigatus in galleria mellonella. | aspergillus fumigatus is a pathogenic fungus capable of causing both allergic lung disease and invasive aspergillosis, a serious, life-threatening condition in neutropenic patients. aspergilli express an array of mycotoxins and enzymes which may facilitate fungal colonisation of host tissue. in this study we investigated the possibility of using the insect, galleria mellonella, for in vivo pathogenicity testing of aspergillus species. four clinical isolates of aspergillus fumigatus and a single ... | 2004 | 15487324 |
| effect of pseudomonas aeruginosa crude proteolytic fraction on antibacterial activity of galleria mellonella haemolymph. | the antibacterial activity of immune haemolymph galleria mellonella directed against escherichia coli d31 was destroyed by pseudomonas aeruginosa crude proteolytic fraction. this was demonstrated by diffusion well assay and acid gel electrophoresis and subsequent bioautography. on the contrary, lysozyme activity appeared to be insensitive to extracellular proteases of p. aeruginosa when activity was determined using the bioautography method. in addition, no change in lysozyme protein level was o ... | 2004 | 15521655 |
| lipopolysaccharide binding of an exchangeable apolipoprotein, apolipophorin iii, from galleria mellonella. | a new role of apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) as an immune activator has emerged recently. to gain insight into this novel function, the interaction of apolp-iii with lipopoly-saccharide (lps) was investigated. apolp-iii from galleria mellonella was incubated with lps from escherichia coli o55:b5, and analyzed by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). protein staining showed that apolp-iii mobility was significantly reduced. in addition, silver and lps fluorescent staining demon ... | 2004 | 15576334 |
| variations in uv-b tolerance and germination speed of metarhizium anisopliae conidia produced on insects and artificial substrates. | solar ultraviolet radiation (uv-a and uv-b) is a major factor in failure of programs using the insect pathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae as a biological control agent. studies were conducted to determine if growth conditions, viz. artificial (agar media or rice grain) or natural (infected insects) substrates for conidial production affect two traits that directly influence performance of conidia after field application: tolerance to uv-b radiation and conidial germination speed. conidia of ... | 2004 | 15579316 |
| influence of temperature preferences of two paecilomyces fumosoroseus lineages on their co-infection pattern. | in order to clarify the epidemiological potential of entomopathogenic fungi for insect pest control, the role of the temperature as one environmental constraint was investigated on the pattern of co-infection of galleria mellonella by two distinct lineages of a hyphomycete, paecilomyces fumosoroseus. the distribution of conidial populations collected on cadavers of hosts co-infected under 20 regimes, ranging from 13 to 35 degrees c, was examined. the apparent temperature tolerance of both fungal ... | 2006 | 15579318 |
| insect cellular and chemical limitations to pathogen development: the colorado potato beetle, the nematode heterorhabditis marelatus, and its symbiotic bacteria. | this research examines possible factors limiting pathogen development and reproduction in a novel host insect. the nematode heterorhabditis marelatus and its symbiotic bacterium, photorhabdus luminescens, kill 98% of nematode-treated colorado potato beetle (cpb) prepupae, but the nematode reproduces in only 1-6% of beetles. we examined nematode/bacterial inhibition at each step of the normal developmental pathway to determine host feature(s) limiting nematode reproduction. we found that in vivo ... | 2004 | 15579320 |
| the pbgpe operon in photorhabdus luminescens is required for pathogenicity and symbiosis. | photorhabdus is a genus of gram-negative enterobacteriaceae that is pathogenic to insect larvae while also maintaining a mutualistic relationship with nematodes from the family heterorhabditis, where the bacteria occupy the gut of the infective juvenile (ij) stage of the nematode. in this study we describe the identification and characterization of a mutation in the pbge1 gene of photorhabdus luminescens tt01, predicted to be the fifth gene in the pbgpe operon. we show that this mutant, bmm305, ... | 2005 | 15601690 |
| apolipophorin iii is a substrate for protease iv from pseudomonas aeruginosa. | our results demonstrated that pseudomonas aeruginosa serine protease iv degraded apolipophorin iii from the haemolymph of galleria mellonella larvae. apolp-iii protein was degraded in a stepwise manner. four intermediate forms of 15, 13.3, 11.9 and 9.5 kda were detected after 30 min digestion while only one of 5.6 kda was released after 1-h incubation time. n-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of 5.6 kda peptide revealed that it was released from apolp-iii after cleavage between lysine 70 and ... | 2005 | 15686832 |
| in vitro assessment of the influence of nutrition and temperature on growing rates of five duddingtonia flagrans isolates, their insecticidal properties and ability to impair heligmosomoides polygyrus motility. | diverse effects of two temperature regimes (20 and 30 degrees c) on the growing rates of five duddingtonia flagrans isolates (mucl 28429, cbs 143.83, cbs 561.92, cbs 565.50, and cbs 583.91) propagated on two liquid (mm, lb) and four solid substrates (cma, sab, sab-gm, and sab-hp) were observed. all d. flagrans isolates were able to produce chlamydospores but not on all substrates. none of the isolates produced trapping nets and conidia under applied growing conditions. d. flagrans isolates showe ... | 2005 | 15687018 |
| mass spectrometric analysis of head ganglia and neuroendocrine tissue of larval galleria mellonella (arthropoda, insecta). | a brain-retrocerebral complex-subesophageal ganglion acidified methanolic extract of 100 larval galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) was prepared for the isolation and identification of (neuro)peptides. to reduce sample complexity, the isolated peptides were roughly separated using a single, conventional chromatographic separation step. subsequently, screening of these fractions with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in combination with nanoflow elect ... | 2005 | 15706623 |
| rapid age-related changes in infection behavior of entomopathogenic nematodes. | nonfeeding infective juvenile (ij) entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) are used as biological agents to control soil-dwelling insects, but poor storage stability remains an obstacle to their widespread acceptance by distributors and growers as well as a frustration to researchers. age is one factor contributing to variability in epn efficacy. we hypothesized that age effects on the infectiousness of ijs would be evident within the length of time necessary for ijs to infect a host. the penetration ... | 2004 | 15715211 |
| protein kinase a affects galleria mellonella (insecta: lepidoptera) larval haemocyte non-self responses. | we used the protein kinase a (pka) specific activator sp-8-br-camps and type i inhibitor rp-8-br-camps alone and in combination to define the role of pka in the non-self responses of larval galleria mellonella haemocytes in vitro and in vivo. active pka depressed haemocyte responses whereas pka inhibition enhanced activities, including bacterial phagocytosis, the number of haemocytes with adherent bacteria, bacterial-induced haemocytic protein release and haemocyte adhesion to slides in vitro, a ... | 2005 | 15748211 |
| effect of entomopathogenic fungus tolypocladium species metabolite efrapeptin on galleria mellonella agglutinin. | in the current study it has been found that efrapeptins, secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi tolypocladium cylindrosporum, interfere with agglutinin. the effect of efrapeptins on g. mellonella agglutinin was tested using rabbit blood. the results revealed that the end point for control larvae were 12.5 whereas for treated larvae which injected with 5 microl of 5 microg efrapepins ml(-1) or 50 microg efrapepins ml(-1) the end points were 10.5 and 8.5, respectively. considering that ef ... | 2004 | 15759408 |
| impacts of fluctuating temperature on the development and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematode steinernema carpocapsae a10. | three different laboratory conditions were used to examine the impacts of fluctuating temperature on the development and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematode (epn) steinernema carpocaposae a10. set i experiments focused on the impact of cold stress early in the development cycle. in these studies galleria mellonella hosts were infected and incubated for 2 days at the control temperature of 23 degrees c and then subjected to lower temperatures of -10, 4, 10 or 14 degrees c, respectively, from ... | 2005 | 15766931 |
| [changes in superoxide dismutase activity in various larval organs of greater wax moth (galleria mellonella l., lepidoptera: pyralidae) induced by infection with bacillus thuringiensis ssp. galleriae]. | we studied the changes in superoxide dismutase activity in organs of galleria mellonella larvae infected with two strains of bacillus thuringiensis. a considerable increase in superoxide dismutase activity was observed at the initial stages of infection, later the enzyme activity decreased and this decrease was timed to cessation of feeding and development of sepsis in the infected larvae. changes in the enzyme activity in the organs of larvae infected with a highly virulent strain of b. thuring ... | 2005 | 15768635 |
| structure of an insect parvovirus (junonia coenia densovirus) determined by cryo-electron microscopy. | junonia coenia densovirus (jcdnv) belongs to the densovirus genus of the parvoviridae family and infects the larvae of the common buckeye butterfly. its capsid is icosahedral and consists of viral proteins vp1 (88 kda), vp2 (58 kda), vp3 (52 kda) and vp4 (47 kda). each viral protein has the same c terminus but differs in the length of its n-terminal extension. virus-like-particles (vlps) assemble spontaneously when the individual viral proteins are expressed by a recombinant baculovirus. we pres ... | 2005 | 15769470 |
| the photorhabdus pir toxins are similar to a developmentally regulated insect protein but show no juvenile hormone esterase activity. | the genome of the insect pathogen photorhabdus luminescens strain tt01 contains numerous genes predicting toxins and proteases. within the p. luminescens tt01 genome, the products of two loci, plu 4093-plu 4092 and plu 4437-plu 4436, show oral insecticidal activity against both moth and mosquito larvae. the proteins encoded by these loci, here termed 'photorhabdus insect related' (pir) proteins a and b, show similarity both to delta-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bts) and a developmenta ... | 2005 | 15796978 |
| [antioxidants activity in intestines of larvae galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera, pyralidae) during bacillus thuringiensis ssp galleriae infection]. | 2005 | 15810658 | |
| the structure of the juvenile hormone binding protein gene from galleria mellonella. | juvenile hormone (jh) and ecdysone are the key hormones controlling insect growth and development. the juvenile hormone binding protein (jhbp) is the first member in the array of proteins participating in jh signal transmission. in the present report a whole jhbp gene sequence (9790 bp) is described. the jhbp gene contains four introns (a-d). all the introns have common flanking sequences: gt at the 5' and ag at the 3' end. the first intron is in phase 1, the second in phase 2, and the third and ... | 2005 | 15843141 |
| hemolymph coagulation and phenoloxidase in drosophila larvae. | hemolymph coagulation is a first response to wounding in insects. although studies have been performed in large-bodied insects such as the moth galleria mellonella, less is known about clotting in drosophila melanogaster, the insect most useful for genetic and molecular analyses of innate immunity. here we show the similarities between clots in drosophila and galleria by light- and electron microscopy. phenoloxidase changes the drosophila clot's physical properties through cross-linking and mela ... | 2005 | 15854679 |
| new cell lines from ephestia kuehniella: characterization and susceptibility to baculoviruses. | new cell lines from embryos of ephestia kuehniella were recently developed. primary cultures were initiated in september 2002 from 2 to 4 day old eggs in either modified tc-100 or excell 400 medium. from these initial cultures, one, originally isolated in the ex-cell medium, produced sufficient cell growth to allow subcultivation and eventually led to the establishment of two cell strains, one that forms multicellular vesicles in suspension and one consisting of tightly attached epithelial-like ... | 2004 | 15861225 |
| biochemical stress indicators of greater wax moth exposure to organophosphorus insecticides. | although acetylcholinesterase (ache) is the primary target of organophosphorus insecticides (ops), increasing evidence regarding their secondary effects suggests that ops disturb homeostasis of insects by generating free radical intermediates that trigger lipid peroxidation. we therefore investigated alterations in lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde (mda) content, and alanine aminotransferase (alt) and aspartate aminotransferase (ast) activities, in conjunction with ache activity as bio ... | 2005 | 15889724 |
| cyclic amp affects the haemocyte responses of larval galleria mellonella to selected antigens. | signal transduction of the innate immediate responses of insect haemocytes to foreign matter is rarely considered. herein using a combination of adenylate cyclase inhibitors and activators and phosphodiesterase inhibitors we determined that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) at high levels normally impairs non-self response. haemocyte contact with glass and bacteria lowered camp in vitro. inactive phosphodiesterases, including type 4, impaired haemocyte reactions in vitro. using the drugs in ... | 2005 | 15894004 |
| pathogenicity of bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila isolated from entomopathogenic nematode (steinernema carpocapsae) and its secretion against galleria mellonella larvae. | the entomopathogenic bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila was isolated from the hemolymph of galleria mellonella infected with steinernema carpocapsae. the bacterial cells and its metabolic secretions have been found lethal to the galleria larvae. toxic secretion in broth caused 95% mortality within 4 d of application whereas the bacterial cells caused 93% mortality after 6 d. when filter and sand substrates were compared, the later one was observed as appropriate. similarly, bacterial cells and s ... | 2005 | 15909327 |
| up-regulation of prl, a subtilisin-like protease, during conidiation in the insect pathogen metarhizium anisopliae. | metarhizium anisopliae exhibits two different developmental patterns under nutrient-deprived conditions: appressorium formation in early stages and conidiation in late stages of pathogenesis in its insect hosts. in this study we isolated genes enriched during mature conidial production under nutrient-deprived conditions in m. anisopliae by using the method of suppression subtractive hybridization. we sequence-identified seven conidiation-associated genes (cag) in m. anisopliae. one of the genes, ... | 2005 | 15912947 |
| [changes in the activity and pattern of hemolymph esterases in the larvae of wax moth galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera, pyralidae) during mycosis]. | the extended pattern of multiple esterase forms has been revealed in the hemolymph of wax moth galleria mellonella larvae infected by the fungi metarhizium anisopliae, beauveria bassiana or paecilomyces fumoso-roseus. the total esterase activity of the hemolymph also increases during mycosis. mechanical damage of the cuticle, treatment with deltamethrin, and chilling of the caterpillars induced similar changes in the hemolymph pattern of esterase activity. presumably, the changed spectrum and ac ... | 2001 | 15926322 |
| construction of a pseudomonas sp. derivative carrying the cry9aa gene from bacillus thuringiensis and a proposal for new standard criteria to assess entomocidal properties of bacteria. | an isolate of pseudomonas sp. (16s rdna sequence 98% homologous to p. graminis and p. lutea) was isolated from the phyllosphere of black pine in northern italy and used as a host for the gene encoding the cry9aa entomocidal toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae. an expression system featuring a synthetic highest-consensus promoter specifically tailored for the regulated induction of cloned genes over a broad range of gram-negative bacteria was used to drive the production of the int ... | 2005 | 15950125 |
| formation of a parasitophorous vacuole in a nonadequate experimental host: electron microscopical and x-ray microanalytical study. | an unusual mechanism of formation of a parasitophorous vacuole as a result of interaction between an invasive stage of a parasite (merozoites of a protozoon, mattesia dispora) and defense response of an insect host, galleria mellonella is reported. the entire ontogenesis of parasitophorous vacuole can be divided into five morphologically clearly discernible stages. they differed, e.g., in the contents and distribution of elements at subcellular level, as determined by direct in situ elemental an ... | 2005 | 15954527 |
| galleria mellonella as a model system to study cryptococcus neoformans pathogenesis. | evaluation of cryptococcus neoformans virulence in a number of nonmammalian hosts suggests that c. neoformans is a nonspecific pathogen. we used the killing of galleria mellonella (the greater wax moth) caterpillar by c. neoformans to develop an invertebrate host model system that can be used to study cryptococcal virulence, host immune responses to infection, and the effects of antifungal compounds. all varieties of c. neoformans killed g. mellonella. after injection into the insect hemocoel, c ... | 2005 | 15972469 |
| superoxide production in galleria mellonella hemocytes: identification of proteins homologous to the nadph oxidase complex of human neutrophils. | the insect immune response has a number of structural and functional similarities to the innate immune response of mammals. the objective of the work presented here was to establish the mechanism by which insect hemocytes produce superoxide and to ascertain whether the proteins involved in superoxide production are similar to those involved in the nadph oxidase-induced superoxide production in human neutrophils. hemocytes of the greater wax moth (galleria mellonella) were shown to be capable of ... | 2005 | 15972506 |
| comparative venom toxicity between pteromalus puparum and nasonia vitripennis (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) toward the hemocytes of their natural hosts, non-target insects and cultured insect cells. | crude venoms from two parasitoid species, pteromalus puparum and nasonia vitripennis (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) were assayed for biological activities toward hemocytes from two species of their natural hosts and eight species of their non-natural hosts as well as two lines of cultured lepidoptera cells, respectively. by inhibiting the spreading and viability of insect hemocytes, the venom from p. puparum displayed significantly higher activities toward plasmatocytes and granular cells from both ... | 2005 | 16026808 |
| serial passage of the opportunistic pathogen aspergillus flavus through an insect host yields decreased saprobic capacity. | to study the early stages of the effect of host restriction on pathogen evolution, we subjected the opportunistic fungus aspergillus flavus to a serial propagation scheme, whereby insect-virulent conidia were selected for repeated passage through an insect host (galleria mellonella larvae) for 5 generations. of the 35 lineages promulgated through this scheme, there were no consistent changes in virulence, which was measured by percent mortality of the larvae. there were, however, increases in th ... | 2005 | 16091778 |
| specialization of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema scapterisci with its mutualistic xenorhabdus symbiont. | the level of specialization of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema scapterisci with its native xenorhabdus symbiont was investigated by testing (1) the influence of non-native bacterial strains on nematode fitness within an insect-host (galleria mellonella) and (2) specificity of the association between the nematode infective juveniles and non-native bacteria. all non-native xenorhabdus spp. or photorhabdus spp. strains tested were mutualistically associated with other entomopathogenic nem ... | 2005 | 16163505 |
| germ cell death in the testis and its relation to spermatogenesis in the wax moth, galleria mellonella (lepidoptera: pyralidae), effects of facultative diapause. | the dichotomous spermatogenesis of many lepidopterans results in the production of two types of sperm: eupyrene sperm possessing a cell nucleus which participates in fertilisation, and apyrene ones, which lose their nuclei during development and whose function remains a mystery. the goal of our study was to analyse spermatogenesis at the end of the larval development of the wax moth, galleria mellonella, at an optimal temperature of 30 degrees c as well as to describe how they are affected by di ... | 2005 | 16217803 |
| sequencing and characterization of a cdna encoding a ferritin subunit of colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata. | a differentially expressed cdna fragment (p311) from colorado potato beetle (cpb), leptinotarsa decemlineata (say), was identified by restriction fragment differential display-polymerase chain reaction (rfdd-pcr) technique, and showed a strong similarity to ferritin heavy chain subunits of other organisms. based on p311, we constructed specific primers and obtained a 840-bp cdna fragment spanning the open reading frame of cpb ferritin subunit using the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) tec ... | 2005 | 16235258 |
| nitric oxide production by hemocytes of larva and pharate prepupa of galleria mellonella in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide: cytoprotective or cytotoxic? | nitric oxide production by the hemocytes of the last instar larvae and sessile pharate prepupa of galleria mellonella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) was demonstrated in vitro in response to preparations of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) from escherichia coli using the griess reaction. augmented, dose dependent nitric oxide production was observed in the pharate prepupal hemocytes compared with larval hemocytes. this was partially reversed in a dose dependent manner with s-methyl thiourea (smt), a ... | 2006 | 16316786 |
| the influence of conidiobolus coronatus on phagocytic activity of insect hemocytes. | an essential component of the insect cellular response is phagocytosis. analyses of the in vitro phagocytosis could be useful for the studies of the relationship between insects and their pathogens. fungal metabolites are known to inhibit phagocytosis whereas components of the fungal cell wall stimulate phagocytosis. to achieve a better understanding of fungal pathogenesis in insects, haemocyte populations of two insect species susceptible to conidiobolus coronatus infection (galleria mellonella ... | 2006 | 16325849 |
| flha influences bacillus thuringiensis plcr-regulated gene transcription, protein production, and virulence. | bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus are closely related. b. thuringiensis is well known for its entomopathogenic properties, principally due to the synthesis of plasmid-encoded crystal toxins. b. cereus appears to be an emerging opportunistic human pathogen. b. thuringiensis and b. cereus produce many putative virulence factors which are positively controlled by the pleiotropic transcriptional regulator plcr. the inactivation of plcr decreases but does not abolish virulence, indicating th ... | 2005 | 16332888 |
| characterization of tn5-induced mutants of xenorhabdus nematophilus atcc 19061. | a negative-selection vector, phx1, was constructed for use in transposon mutagenesis of xenorhabdus nematophilus atcc 19061. phx1 contains the bacillus subtilis levansucrase gene which confers sucrose sensitivity. in addition, various tn5-containing plasmids with different replication origins were transferred by conjugation from escherichia coli into x. nematophilus atcc 19061, and one of these plasmids, pgs9, yields tn5 insertion mutants of x. nematophilus atcc 19061. by using these two deliver ... | 1991 | 16348462 |
| stability and activities of antibiotics produced during infection of the insect galleria mellonella by two isolates of xenorhabdus nematophilus. | xenorhabdus nematophilus subsp. dutki, an entomopathogenic bacterium, is vectored by steinernematid nematodes into insects, where it produces broad-spectrum antibiotics. the use of the nematode-bacterium complex against soil-dwelling pest insects could introduce antibiotics into the soil via the dead insect fragments during the emergence phase of the nematodes. studies on the stability and activities of these antibiotics produced in the insect galleria mellonella may contribute to assessing the ... | 1994 | 16349198 |
| recognition and inactivation of lps by lipophorin particles. | lipophorin is the major lipid carrier in insects, but various observations indicate that lipophorin is also involved in immune reactions. to examine a possible role of lipophorin in defence reactions, we mixed hemolymph plasma from galleria mellonella with lps and noticed that lipophorin forms detergent-insoluble aggregates, while most other plasma proteins are not affected. lipophorin particles isolated by low-density gradient centrifugation retained lps-induced aggregation properties, which su ... | 2006 | 16386790 |
| temporal association of entomopathogenic nematodes (rhabditida: steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae) and bacteria. | galleria mellonella l. larvae were infected with three species (seven strains) of steinernema spp. or three species (three strains) of heterorhabditis spp. infected larvae were incubated at 22, 27, and 32 degrees c. larvae were dorsally dissected every 6h over a 48-h period. hemolymph was collected and streaked on tryptic soy agar plates. several non-symbiotic bacterial species were identified from infected insect cadavers: enterobacter gergoviae, vibrio spp., pseudomonas fluorescens type c, ser ... | 2006 | 16448667 |
| contamination of honey by chemicals applied to protect honeybee combs from wax-moth (galleria mellonela l.). | greek honey was monitored during a three-year surveillance program for residues of chemicals used to protect honey-bee combs from wax-moth. a total of 115 samples purchased from stores (commercial samples) and 1060 samples collected from beekeepers (bulk samples) were analysed for 1,4-dichlorobenzene (p-dcb), 1,2-dibromoethane (dbe) and naphthalene. a purge & trap-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer system was used for the analysis. during the first year of the study, 82.9% of the commercial sam ... | 2006 | 16449058 |
| txp40, a ubiquitous insecticidal toxin protein from xenorhabdus and photorhabdus bacteria. | xenorhabdus and photorhabdus are gram-negative bacteria that produce a range of proteins that are toxic to insects. we recently identified a novel 42-kda protein from xenorhabdus nematophila that was lethal to the larvae of insects such as galleria mellonella and helicoverpa armigera when it was injected at doses of 30 to 40 ng/g larvae. in the present work, the toxin gene txp40 was identified in another 59 strains of xenorhabdus and photorhabdus, indicating that it is both highly conserved and ... | 2006 | 16461722 |
| biochemical characterization and agglutinating properties of xenorhabdus nematophilus f1 fimbriae. | xenorhabdus spp., entomopathogenic bacteria symbiotically associated with nematodes of the family steinernematidae, occur spontaneously in two phases. only the phase i variants of xenorhabdus nematophilus f1 expressed fimbriae when the bacteria were grown on a solid medium (nutrient agar; 24 and 48 h of growth). these appendages were purified and characterized. they were rigid, with a diameter of 6.4 (plusmn) 0.3 nm, and were composed of 16-kda pilin subunits. the latter were synthesized and ass ... | 1995 | 16535079 |
| effect of soil type on infectivity and persistence of the entomopathogenic nematodes steinernema scarabaei, steinernema glaseri, heterorhabditis zealandica, and heterorhabditis bacteriophora. | we tested the effect of soil type on the performance of the entomopathogenic pathogenic nematodes steinernema scarabaei, steinernema glaseri, heterorhabditis zealandica, and heterorhabditis bacteriophora. soil types used were loamy sand, sandy loam, loam, silt loam, clay loam, acidic sand, and a highly organic potting mix. infectivity was tested by exposing third-instar anomala orientalis or popillia japonica to nematodes in laboratory and greenhouse experiments and determining nematode establis ... | 2006 | 16563427 |
| ecological characterization of steinernema anatoliense (rhabditida: steinernematidae). | our study describes the basic ecological characteristics of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema anatoliense including its response to temperature, moisture, and host range. the effect of temperature and soil moisture on the infection of galleria mellonella larvae by s. anatoliense was determined. the temperature range for infectivity was greater than that for development. the optimal temperature for infection and development was 25 degrees c. although s. anatoliense infected the hosts at 1 ... | 2006 | 16564537 |
| [an effect of the microsporidian vairimorpha ephestiae (microsporidia: burenellidae) on activity and spectrum of nonspecific esterases in different tissues of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) larvae]. | the effect of the microsporidian vairimorpha ephestiae matted (microsporidia: burenellidae) on nonspecific esterases was studied in hemolymph, fat body and midgut of the larvae of galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera: pyralidae). esterase patterns were analyzed by the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the total esterase activity was detected spectrophotometrically. the increase of total esterase activity was registered in hemolymph of inflected larvae. an overexpression of esterase isozyme in h ... | 2007 | 16579033 |
| a new cell line from the wax moth galleria mellonella linne (lepidoptera: pyralididae). | a cell line derived from the larval-fat body tissues of the wax moth, galleria mellonella linne, was established in mgm-450 medium. the cells grew in suspension and were mainly spherical in shape. population doubling time was between 1.4 and 1.7 d over a range of 15 to 35 degrees c, and the maximum growth rate was at 25 degrees c. the chromosome number ranged from 70-239, with a mode of 170. the cells were sensitive to 20-hydroxyecdysone, which stimulated their growth and induced morphological c ... | 2006 | 16618204 |
| a novel antimicrobial epoxide isolated from larval galleria mellonella infected by the nematode symbiont, photorhabdus luminescens (enterobacteriaceae). | a novel antimicrobial epoxide, 2-isopropyl-5-(3-phenyl-oxiranyl)-benzene-1,3-diol (1), was identified from larval galleria mellonella infected by a symbiotically associated bacterium-nematode complex (photorhabdus luminescens c9-heterorhabditis megidis 90). its structure was determined with spectroscopic analysis and confirmed by chemical synthesis starting from a known antibiotic, 2-isopropyl-5-(2-phenylethenyl)-benzene-1,3-diol (2). epoxide 1 was active against bacillus subtilis, escherichia c ... | 2006 | 16644226 |
| metamorphosis and collagen-iv-fragments stimulate innate immune response in the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella. | a novel link between development and immunity in insects is introduced. transiently enhanced expression of lysozyme, gallerimycin and the insect metalloproteinase inhibitor was discovered at the onset of metamorphosis of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella. relative quantification of mrnas encoding for these antimicrobial peptides using real-time pcr documents their induced expression during transformation of last instar larvae into prepupae and upon injection of either recombinant interst ... | 2006 | 16682078 |
| the pursuit of cryptococcal pathogenesis: heterologous hosts and the study of cryptococcal host-pathogen interactions. | analysis of the molecular mechanisms by which a pathogen interacts with the human host is most commonly performed using a mammalian model of infection. however, several virulence-related genes previously shown to be involved in mammalian infection with cryptococcus neoformans have also been shown to play a role in the interaction of these pathogens with invertebrates, such as acanthamoeba castellanii, caenorhabditis elegans, dictyostelium discoideum, drosophila melanogaster and galleria mellonel ... | 2006 | 16696652 |
| studies on the role of protein kinase a in humoral immune response of galleria mellonella larvae. | protein kinase a (pka) activity was detected in the fat body of galleria mellonella larvae by a non-radioactive method using a specific peptide substrate-kemptide. the enzyme activity was stimulated by camp and its analogues: bzcmp, 8-chl-camp and 8-br-camp in concentrations of 1-4mum. cyclic gmp was not effective in pka activation. a two-fold increase in pka activity was detected in the fat body of g. mellonella lps-challenged larvae. selective, membrane-permeable pka inhibitors, h89 and rp-8-b ... | 2006 | 16730743 |
| transgenic expression of gallerimycin, a novel antifungal insect defensin from the greater wax moth galleria mellonella, confers resistance to pathogenic fungi in tobacco. | a cdna encoding gallerimycin, a novel antifungal peptide from the greater wax moth galleria mellonella, was isolated from a cdna library of genes expressed during innate immune response in the caterpillars. upon ectopic expression of gallerimycin in tobacco, using agrobacterium tumefaciens as a vector, gallerimycin conferred resistance to the fungal pathogens erysiphe cichoracearum and sclerotinia minor. quantification of gallerimycin mrna in transgenic tobacco by real-time pcr confirmed transge ... | 2006 | 16740126 |
| a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (pes1) confers protection against oxidative stress in aspergillus fumigatus. | aspergillus fumigatus is an important human fungal pathogen. the aspergillus fumigatus genome contains 14 nonribosomal peptide synthetase genes, potentially responsible for generating metabolites that contribute to organismal virulence. differential expression of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene, pes1, in four strains of aspergillus fumigatus was observed. the pattern of pes1 expression differed from that of a putative siderophore synthetase gene, sidd, and so is unlikely to be involved ... | 2006 | 16759234 |
| susceptibility of larvae of galleria mellonella to infection by aspergillus fumigatus is dependent upon stage of conidial germination. | the ability of conidia of the human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus to kill larvae of the insect galleria mellonella was investigated. conidia at different stages of the germination process displayed variations in their virulence as measured using the galleria infection model. non-germinating ('resting') conidia were avirulent except when an inoculation density of 1 x 10(7) conidia per insect was used. conidia that had been induced to commence the germination process by pre-culturing in ... | 2006 | 16761185 |
| pre-exposure to yeast protects larvae of galleria mellonella from a subsequent lethal infection by candida albicans and is mediated by the increased expression of antimicrobial peptides. | pre-exposure of the larvae of galleria mellonella to candida albicans or saccharomyces cerevisiae protects against a subsequent infection with 10(6) c. albicans cells. this protection can also be induced by exposing larvae to glucan or laminarin prior to the administration of the potentially lethal inoculum. analysis of the genes coding for galiomicin, a defensin in g. mellonella, a cysteine-rich antifungal peptide gallerimycin, an iron-binding protein transferrin and an inducible metalloprotein ... | 2006 | 16782387 |
| restriction maps of five autographa californica mnpv variants, trichoplusia ni mnpv, and galleria mellonella mnpv dnas with endonucleases smai, kpni, bamhi, saci, xhoi, and ecori. | the restriction sites of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) e2 dna were mapped for the endonucleases smai, kpni, bamhi, saci, xhoi, and ecori. the restriction maps of four other acmnpv variants, trichoplusia ni (tnmnpv), and galleria mellonella (gmmnpv) genomes were determined and compared to the endonuclease cleavage maps of acmnpv e2 dna. the viral structural polypeptides of acmnpv variants s3, e2, s1, m3, and r9 were the same when analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electro ... | 1979 | 16789179 |
| characterization of cricket paralysis virus-induced polypeptides in drosophila cells. | cricket paralysis virus purified from galleria mellonella larvae was shown to be similar to virus purified from drosophila melanogaster cells. cricket paralysis virus contained three major structural polypeptides of similar molecular weight (around 30,000), had a buoyant density of 1.344 g/ml, and had a capsid diameter of 27 nm. twenty virus-induced polypeptides could be detected in crpv-infected drosophila cells. two major polypeptides found in the infected cells corresponded to two structural ... | 1980 | 16789183 |
| acquisition of host cell dna sequences by baculoviruses: relationship between host dna insertions and fp mutants of autographa californica and galleria mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis viruses. | mutants of autographa californica and galleria mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis viruses, which produce an altered plaque phenotype as a result of reduced numbers of viral occlusions in infected cells, were isolated after passage in trichoplusia ni (tn-368) cells. these mutants, termed fp (few-polyhedra) mutants, had acquired cell dna sequences ranging from 0.8 to 2.8 kilobase pairs in size. the insertions of cell dna occurred in a specific region between 35.0 and 37.7 map units of the a. californ ... | 1983 | 16789244 |
| the enhancin-like metalloprotease from the bacillus cereus group is regulated by the pleiotropic transcriptional activator plcr but is not essential for larvicidal activity. | bacillus cereus group bacteria produce virulence factors. many of these are regulated by the pleiotropic transcriptional activator plcr, which is implicated in insect virulence. in silico analysis of the b. cereus strain atcc14579 genome showed an enhancin-like gene preceded by a typical plcr binding sequence. the gene is predicted to encode a polypeptide showing 23-25% identity with enhancins from several baculoviruses and 31% with that of yersinia pestis. viral enhancin acts after oral infecti ... | 2006 | 16790012 |
| using non-mammalian hosts to study fungal virulence and host defense. | non-mammalian hosts have been used to study host-fungal interactions. hosts such as drosophila melanogaster, caenorhabditis elegans, acathamoeba castellanii, dictyostelium discoideum, and galleria mellonella have provided means to examine the physical barriers, cellular mechanisms and molecular elements of the host response. the drosophila host-response to fungi is mediated through the toll pathway, whereas in c. elegans the host-response is tir-1-dependent. virulence traits that are involved in ... | 2006 | 16814595 |
| tyrosine fluorescence analysis of apolipophorin iii-lipopolysaccharide interaction. | apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) is an exchangeable apolipoprotein that binds to lipopolysaccharides (lps). polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated that apolp-iii from galleria mellonella associated with various truncated lps variants, including lipid a. subsequent binding studies were performed employing the intrinsic tyrosine fluorescence properties of apolp-iii, which is highly quenched in the unbound state. a marked increase in tyrosine fluorescence intensity was observed upon ... | 2006 | 16824478 |
| content of saccharides and activity of alpha-glycosidases in galleria mellonella larvae infected with entomopathogenic nematodes heterorhabditis zealandica. | concentration of glycogen, maltose, and trehalose as well as the activity of hydrolases catabolising them: alpha-amylases, glucoamylase, maltase, and trehalase were studied during a 48 h infection of galleria mellonella (lepidoptera) instar larvae infected with infective heterorhabditis zealandica (20 nematodes/insect). the content of trehalose in the infected insects during the first day of infection was higher (p < 0.05) than in the controls. the concentration of maltose and glycogen were simi ... | 2004 | 16865959 |
| [the concentration of trehalose and acitvity of trehalase from galleria mellonella larvae infected by steinernema affinis, bovien 1937 (nematoda: rhabditida: steinernematidae)]. | the experimental studies were conducted on caterpillars of wax moth galleria mellonella infected with steinernema affinis larvae. the concentration of trehalose and the activity of trehalase were measured during the invasion lasting 48h. the level of trehalose and activity of enzyme were slightly lower in infected insects in comparison to the control animals. | 2001 | 16894739 |
| the host acts as a genetic bottleneck during serial infections: an insect-fungal model system. | the genetic variation of a pathogen population is a pivotal component of pathogen evolution, having important implications for emerging diseases, nosocomial infections, and laboratory subculturing practices. furthermore, it is undoubtedly altered during infection of a host. we address this issue using an insect-fungal model system to examine the influence of serial host passage on the genetic variation of a pathogen population. using amplified fragment length polymorphism, a strain of the opport ... | 2006 | 16897086 |
| apolipophorin iii: lipopolysaccharide binding requires helix bundle opening. | apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) is a prototypical apolipoprotein used for structure-function studies. besides its crucial role in lipid transport, apolp-iii is able to associate with fungal and bacterial membranes and stimulate cellular immune responses. we recently demonstrated binding interaction of apolp-iii of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, with lipopolysaccharides (lps). in the present study, the requirement of helix bundle opening for lps binding interaction was investigated. usi ... | 2006 | 16919602 |
| translocation of proteins homologous to human neutrophil p47phox and p67phox to the cell membrane in activated hemocytes of galleria mellonella. | activation of the superoxide forming respiratory burst oxidase of human neutrophils, crucial in host defence, requires the cytosolic proteins p47phox and p67phox which translocate to the plasma membrane upon cell stimulation and activate flavocytochrome b558, the redox centre of this enzyme system. we have previously demonstrated the presence of proteins (67 and 47kda) in hemocytes of the insect galleria mellonella homologous to proteins of the superoxide-forming nadph oxidase complex of neutrop ... | 2007 | 16920193 |
| malathion-induced oxidative stress in a parasitoid wasp: effect on adult emergence, longevity, fecundity, and oxidative and antioxidative response of pimpla turionellae (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae). | effects of an organophosphorus insecticide, malathion, on survivorship and lipid peroxidation of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.), pupae were investigated by rearing the newly hatched larvae on an artificial diet containing 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ppm of the insecticide. as bioindicators of long-term physiological stress responses, the adult emergence rate, longevity, and fecundity associated with lipid peroxidation level and antioxidant enzyme activity in the endoparasitoid pimp ... | 2006 | 16937676 |
| interspecific competition between entomopathogenic nematodes (steinernema) is modified by their bacterial symbionts (xenorhabdus). | symbioses between invertebrates and prokaryotes are biological systems of particular interest in order to study the evolution of mutualism. the symbioses between the entomopathogenic nematodes steinernema and their bacterial symbiont xenorhabdus are very tractable model systems. previous studies demonstrated (i) a highly specialized relationship between each strain of nematodes and its naturally associated bacterial strain and (ii) that mutualism plays a role in several important life history tr ... | 2006 | 16953880 |
| identification of bacillus cereus internalin and other candidate virulence genes specifically induced during oral infection in insects. | bacillus cereus is an opportunistic bacterium frequently associated with food-borne infections causing gastroenteritis. we developed an in vivo expression technology (ivet), with an insect host, for identification of the b. cereus genes specifically expressed during infection. this ivet-based approach uses site-specific recombinase tnpi to identify transient promoter activation. we constructed a genomic library of b. cereus atcc14579 by cloning dna fragments upstream from tnpi. the library was s ... | 2006 | 16978259 |
| soil mediates the interaction of coexisting entomopathogenic nematodes with an insect host. | we tested for soil substrate effects on the movement and infectivity of naturally co-occurring entomopathogenic nematodes steinernema feltiae and heterorhabditis marelatus, alone and in combination. we manipulated the presence and bulk density of soil and added galleria mellonella baits within capped and perforated 15ml centrifuge tubes. sampling tubes were then deployed in situ into field and laboratory settings as experimental traps for infective juveniles. in comparisons with standard soil co ... | 2007 | 17005194 |
| dynamics of carbon dioxide release from insects infected with entomopathogenic nematodes. | the quality of an insect as a host to an entomopathogenic nematode infective juvenile depends in part on whether or not the insect is already infected and on the stage of that infection. previous research has shown that nematode response to hosts can change after infection and that, for uninfected hosts, co(2) can be an important cue used by infective stage juveniles during attraction. we hypothesized that co(2) production from an insect changes after it is infected, and that these changes could ... | 2007 | 17054978 |
| microbial metalloproteinases mediate sensing of invading pathogens and activate innate immune responses in the lepidopteran model host galleria mellonella. | thermolysin-like metalloproteinases such as aureolysin, pseudolysin, and bacillolysin represent virulence factors of diverse bacterial pathogens. recently, we discovered that injection of thermolysin into larvae of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, mediated strong immune responses. thermolysin-mediated proteolysis of hemolymph proteins yielded a variety of small-sized (<3 kda) protein fragments (protfrags) that are potent elicitors of innate immune responses. in this study, we report th ... | 2007 | 17074843 |
| content of glycogen and trehalose and activity of alpha-amylase and trehalase in galleria mellonella larvae infected with entomopathogenic nematodes steinernema affinis and s. feltiae. | the influence of infection with two species of entomopathogenic nematodes of steinernematidae family on metabolism of glycogen and trehalose of the host was studied. | 2006 | 17120991 |
| evidence for an immune function of lepidopteran silk proteins. | hemolymph coagulation stops bleeding and protects against infection. clotting factors include both proteins that are conserved during evolution as well as more divergent proteins in different species. here we show that several silk proteins also appear in the clot of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella. rt-pcr analysis reveals that silk proteins are expressed in immune tissues and induced upon wounding in both galleria and ephestia kuehniella, a second pyralid moth. our results support the ... | 2007 | 17126296 |
| eicosanoids mediate galleria mellonella cellular immune response to viral infection. | nodulation is the predominant insect cellular immune response to bacterial and fungal infections and it can also be induced by some viral infections. treating seventh instar larvae of greater wax moth galleria mellonella with bovine herpes simplex virus-1 (bhsv-1) induced nodulation reactions in a dose-dependent manner. because eicosanoids mediate nodulation reactions to bacterial and fungal infection, we hypothesized that eicosanoids also mediate nodulation reactions to viral challenge. to test ... | 2007 | 17161422 |
| [the effect of entomopathogenic fungi on the activity of detoxicating enzymes of larvae of bee pyralid galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera, pyralidee) and the role of detoxicating enzymes in the formation of the insect' resistance to entomopathogenic fungi]. | in the work it was shown that fungal infection of insects increased the total esterase and glutathione-s-transferase activities of hemolymph. acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in infected larvae remained at the same level as in intact larvae. fungi-infected bee pyralid larvae turned out to be 1.46 times more resistant to phosphoorganic insecticide malation as compared to intact larvae. on the other hand, treating insects with the inhibitors of detoxicating enzymes caused a sharp decrease in ... | 2016 | 17168468 |
| attraction behaviour of three entomopathogenic nematode species towards infected and uninfected hosts. | entomopathogenic nematode infective juveniles are likely to encounter both uninfected and infected insects and host quality depends on the stage of the infection. we hypothesized that nematode response to infected hosts will change over the course of an infection. here, we tested this hypothesis by focusing on the influence of host infection status on long-range attraction to host volatile cues. the attraction response of 3 nematode species (steinernema carpocapsae, s. glaseri and s. riobrave) w ... | 2007 | 17176490 |
| purification and characterization of eight peptides from galleria mellonella immune hemolymph. | defense peptides play a crucial role in insect innate immunity against invading pathogens. from the hemolymph of immune-challenged greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (gm) larvae, eight peptides were isolated and characterized. purified gm peptides differ considerably in amino acid sequences, isoelectric point values and antimicrobial activity spectrum. five of them, gm proline-rich peptide 2, gm defensin-like peptide, gm anionic peptides 1 and 2 and gm apolipophoricin, were not described earl ... | 2007 | 17194500 |
| immunocompetence of galleria mellonella: sex- and stage-specific differences and the physiological cost of mounting an immune response during metamorphosis. | the antibacterial immune response of the wax moth, galleria mellonella, was analysed by use of an inhibition zone plate assay. we demonstrated significant stage-specific differences as the immune response was most effective in the pupal, next the larval and then the adult stage. in addition, we demonstrated that an immune challenge at the onset of, or during metamorphosis does not increase nor decrease the strength of the antibacterial immune response in the subsequent developmental stage(s). th ... | 2007 | 17198709 |
| responses of the entomopathogenic nematode, steinernema riobrave to its insect hosts, galleria mellonella and tenebrio molitor. | potential hosts for infective juveniles of entomopathogenic nematodes can vary considerably in quality based on the characteristics of the host species/stage, physiological status (e.g. stress, feeding on toxins), and infection status (heterospecific or conspecific infection). in this study, we investigated responses of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema riobrave to hosts (galleria mellonella or tenebrio molitor) that were previously parasitized with conspecifics or injected with the nema ... | 2007 | 17201992 |
| the insect metalloproteinase inhibitor gene of the lepidopteran galleria mellonella encodes two distinct inhibitors. | the insect metalloproteinase inhibitor (impi) from the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, represents the first and to date only specific inhibitor of microbial metalloproteinases reported from animals. here, we report on the characterization including carbohydrate analysis of two recombinant constructs encoded by impi cdna either upstream or downstream of the furin cleavage site identified. rimpi-1, corresponding to native impi purified from hemolymph, is encoded by the n-terminal part of th ... | 2007 | 17214556 |
| genetical studies on the wax moth galleria mellonella linn. | 1938 | 17246872 | |
| extracellular gelatinase of enterococcus faecalis destroys a defense system in insect hemolymph and human serum. | we isolated enterococcus faecalis from the body fluids of dead larvae of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella. extracellular gelatinase (gele) and serine protease (spre), both of which are considered putative virulence factors of e. faecalis, were purified from the culture supernatant of e. faecalis. in an attempt to elucidate their virulence mechanisms, purified gele and spre were injected into hemolymph of g. mellonella and evaluated with regard to their effects on the immune system of in ... | 2007 | 17261598 |