Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| rna interference of a heat shock protein, hsp70, loses its protection role in indirect chilling injury to the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, is freeze-susceptible, in which glycerol plays a crucial role in depressing supercooling point (scp) to avoid the freezing injury. this study focused on a non-freezing injury classified into indirect chilling injury of s. exigua after a prolonged exposure to low temperatures much above scps. exposure to 0 and 5°c for longer than 2weeks was lethal to all the immature stages. among immature stages, eggs were the most susceptible to the low temperature treatmen ... | 2014 | 24309290 |
| influence ofamaranthus hybridus l. allelochemics on oviposition behavior ofspodoptera exigua ands. eridania (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | common pigweed,amaranthus hybridus l., is a favorite host of the beet army worm (baw),spodoptera exigua l. chemicals extracted from homogenized pigweed with distilled water, ethanol, or dichloromethane and sprayed back on pigweed deterred oviposition by the baw. similarly, water extracts of frass from conspecific larvae or southern armyworm (saw) larvae,s. eridania (cramer), fed pigweed leaves and sprayed back on pigweed plants also deterred baw oviposition, thus confirming that deterrence was d ... | 1985 | 24310126 |
| comprehensive analysis of gene expression profiles of the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua larvae challenged with bacillus thuringiensis vip3aa toxin. | host-pathogen interactions result in complex relationship, many aspects of which are not completely understood. vip proteins, which are bacillus thuringensis (bt) insecticidal toxins produced during the vegetative stage, are selectively effective against specific insect pests. this new group of bt proteins represents an interesting alternative to the classical bt cry toxins because current data suggests that they do not share the same mode of action. we have designed and developed a genome-wide ... | 2013 | 24312604 |
| the effects of cadmium or zinc multigenerational exposure on metal tolerance of spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the effects of ten generational zinc or cadmium pre-exposure on metal tolerance among beet armyworm spodoptera exigua individuals were compared. these effects were assessed in animals from the 11th generation, reared on a diet either uncontaminated or contaminated with metal (cadmium or zinc). the survival rate of larvae and the degree of metal accumulation (in larvae, pupae and moths; among larval organs: gut and fat body) were analysed. catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione transferas ... | 2014 | 24352544 |
| development of a high efficient "dual bt-plus" insecticide using a primary form of an entomopathogenic bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila. | a phase variation has been reported in an entomopathogenic bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila. compared with a wild-type primary form, a secondary form usually loses several physiological and biochemical characters. this study showed that the phase variation of x. nematophila caused a significant alteration in its immunosuppressive activity and subsequent entomopathogenicity. a secondary form of x. nematophila was detected in laboratory colonies and exhibited significant differences in dye absor ... | 2014 | 24394195 |
| della proteins modulate arabidopsis defences induced in response to caterpillar herbivory. | upon insect herbivory, many plant species change the direction of metabolic flux from growth into defence. two key pathways modulating these processes are the gibberellin (ga)/della pathway and the jasmonate pathway. in this study, the effect of caterpillar herbivory on plant-induced responses was compared between wild-type arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. and quad-della mutants that have constitutively elevated ga responses. the labial saliva (ls) of caterpillars of the beet armyworm, spodopter ... | 2014 | 24399173 |
| spodoptera exigua: capture of feral males in traps baited with blends of pheromone components. | field tests were conducted with various blends of acetates and alcohols previously identified as components of the sex pheromone for the beet armyworm (baw),spodoptera exigua (hübner). the compounds were formulated on rubber septa and placed in sticky traps positioned in fields populated withamaranthus sp., a favored host of this species. moth captures were highest in traps baited with septa containing a blend of 0.1 mg (z,e)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate (z9,e12-14∶ac) and 0.01 mg(z)-9-tetrad ... | 1983 | 24408622 |
| relative efficiency of sticky and cylindrical electrical grid traps in capturingspodoptera exigua. | the relative efficiency of sticky traps and cylindrical electrical grid traps for capturing male beet armyworm moths,spodoptera exigua (hubner), was studied using night vision equipment. the sticky and grid traps captured 34 and 40%, respectively, of the insects which oriented to them. the grid trap's capacity was limited only by the size of the receptacle (3.8-liter bucket) at the base of the funnel. the maximum capacity of the sticky trap was ca. 110 insects, and the efficiency of this trap de ... | 1981 | 24420687 |
| studies on bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from swedish soils: insect toxicity and production of b. cereus-diarrhoeal-type enterotoxin. | at moderate concentration, 23 of 40 strains of bacillus thuringiensis isolated from sweden were toxic to trichoplusia ni and five were toxic to aedes aegypti. five of the strains were toxic to diabrotica undecimpunctata at high concentration, two were toxic to heliothis virescens at low concentration and five produced thuringiensin (formerly called β-exotoxin). no strain was toxic towards the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua at low concentration. twenty-three of the strains produced a b. cereus-d ... | 1994 | 24421086 |
| expression of snmp1 and snmp2 genes in antennal sensilla of spodoptera exigua (hübner). | sensory neuron membrane proteins (snmps) are olfactory-specific, two-transmembrane proteins. previous publications reported that snmp1 is expressed on the dendrite membrane of pheromone-sensitive neurons in heliothis virescens and is an essential cofactor for pheromone detection in drosophila. in this study, we cloned two snmp genes (genbank accession nos. jx469106 and jx469107) from the antenna of the beet armyworm moth spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: hübner). these snmp genes are classified in ... | 2014 | 24436214 |
| sequential effects of root and foliar herbivory on aboveground and belowground induced plant defense responses and insect performance. | plants are often simultaneously or sequentially attacked by multiple herbivores and changes in host plants induced by one herbivore can influence the performance of other herbivores. we examined how sequential feeding on the plant plantago lanceolata by the aboveground herbivore spodoptera exigua and the belowground herbivore agriotes lineatus influences plant defense and the performance of both insects. belowground herbivory caused a reduction in the food consumption by the aboveground herbivor ... | 2014 | 24448700 |
| selection and evaluation of reference genes for expression analysis using qrt-pcr in the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) is a reliable and reproducible technique for measuring and evaluating changes in gene expression. the most common method for analyzing qrt-pcr data is to normalize mrna levels of target genes to internal reference genes. evaluating and selecting stable reference genes on a case-by-case basis is critical. the present study aimed to facilitate gene expression studies by identifying the most suitable reference genes for normalization of mrna expression in qrt-pc ... | 2014 | 24454743 |
| transplastomic nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing multiple defence genes encoding protease inhibitors and chitinase display broad-spectrum resistance against insects, pathogens and abiotic stresses. | plastid engineering provides several advantages for the next generation of transgenic technology, including the convenient use of transgene stacking and the generation of high expression levels of foreign proteins. with the goal of generating transplastomic plants with multiresistance against both phytopathogens and insects, a construct containing a monocistronic patterned gene stack was transformed into nicotiana benthamiana plastids harbouring sweet potato sporamin, taro cystatin and chitinase ... | 2014 | 24479648 |
| sequential immunosuppressive activities of bacterial secondary metabolites from the entomopahogenic bacterium xenorhabdus nematophila. | the entomopathogenic bacterium xenorhabdus nematophila secretes at least eight bacterial metabolites that play crucial roles suppressing target insect immune responses by inhibiting eicosanoid biosynthesis. we analyzed sequential changes in bacterial metabolite production during bacterial growth and analyzed their individual immunosuppressive activities against the insect host, spodoptera exigua. x. nematophila exhibited a typical bacterial growth pattern in both insect host and culture medium, ... | 2014 | 24500481 |
| a screening of five bacillus thuringiensis vip3a proteins for their activity against lepidopteran pests. | five bacillus thuringiensis vip3a proteins (vip3aa, vip3ab, vip3ad, vip3ae and vip3af) and their corresponding trypsin-activated toxins were tested for their toxicity against eight lepidopteran pests: agrotis ipsilon, helicoverpa armigera, mamestra brassicae, spodoptera exigua, spodoptera frugiperda, spodoptera littoralis, ostrinia nubilalis and lobesia botrana. toxicity was first tested at a high dose at 7 and 10 days. no major differences were found when comparing protoxins vs. trypsin-activat ... | 2014 | 24508583 |
| prostaglandin mediates down-regulation of phenoloxidase activation of spodoptera exigua via plasmatocyte-spreading peptide-binding protein. | insect immunity is innate and highly efficient to defend against various pathogens. however, uncontrolled excessive immune responses would be highly detrimental and energy-consuming processes. an insect cytokine, plasmatocyte-spreading peptide (sepsp), induces hemocyte-spreading behavior as well as activates phenoloxidase (po) in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. a hemocyte transcriptome of s. exigua contains a partial sequence of a putative psp-binding protein (sepsp-bp1). sepsp-bp1 was exp ... | 2014 | 24615993 |
| orysata, a jacalin-related lectin from rice, could protect plants against biting-chewing and piercing-sucking insects. | the present study reports the insecticidal activity of orysata, a lectin from rice with mannose specificity, belonging to the family of jacalin-related lectins. the effect of orysata was investigated against three important pest insects in agriculture: the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua hübner (lepidoptera: noctuidae), and two aphid pests: green peach aphid myzus persicae sulzer and pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum (hemiptera: aphidoidea). bioassays with s. exigua and m. persicae were performed us ... | 2014 | 24656332 |
| accumulation and excretion of cadmium in three successive generations of spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and impact on the population increase. | nowadays, heavy metal pollution has become more and more serious. cadmium is one of the heavy metals that have caused serious pollution. spodoptera exigua hübner (lepidoptera: noctuidae), one of important agricultural pests, has broken out more frequently in recent years. in this study, accumulation at different developmental stages and excretion of cd were detected, and effect of cadmium (cd concentrations were 0.2, 0.8, 3.2, 12.8, and 51.2 mg/kg, respectively) on three successive generations o ... | 2014 | 24665705 |
| a cadherin-like protein from the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is a putative cry1ac receptor. | in s. exigua, ingestion of cry1ac reduces larval growth, shortens lifespan, and decreases copulation and oviposition of the adults. cadherin-like protein secad1b in s. exigua has recently been published. here, we tested whether secad1b mediates the negative effects of cry1ac. we identified three potential cry toxin binding regions in secad1b, i.e., (879) eiaiqitdtnn(889) , (1357) slltvti(1363) , and (1436) gvislnfq(1443) . we expressed and purified a truncated cadherin, rsecad1bp, and its inters ... | 2014 | 24764290 |
| narrow tuning of an odorant receptor to plant volatiles in spodoptera exigua (hübner). | olfaction plays an important role in insects in recognizing volatile compounds, which are used to find food and mates, as well as avoid danger, predators and pathogens. the key players in the detection of volatile compounds are olfactory receptor (or) proteins, which are located within the dendritic membrane of sensory neurons and extend into the lymph of sensilla on insect antennae. in the present study, we identify an or gene, named sexior3, which is expressed in adult antenna in both sexes, b ... | 2014 | 24779920 |
| life table parameters and survivorship of spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) at constant temperatures. | age-specific life table parameters, survivorship, and extra molting of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner), were determined at eight constant temperatures of 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 33, 34, and 36°c with a variation of 0.5°c on sugar beet leaves. no development was observed at 12 and 36°c. the survivorship of overall immature stages was higher at 25°c than the other temperatures. the highest (0.276 d(-1)) and lowest (0.149 d(-1)) value of the intrinsic rate of increase (r) was observed at ... | 2014 | 24801325 |
| photorhabdus luminescens pirab-fusion protein exhibits both cytotoxicity and insecticidal activity. | the binary toxin 'photorhabdus insect-related' proteins (pirab) produced by photorhabdus luminescens have been reported to possess both injectable and oral activities against a range of insects. here, pirab-fusion protein was constructed by linking pira and pirb genes with the flexible linker (gly4 ser)3 dna encoding sequence and then efficiently expressed in escherichia coli. to better understand the role of pirab toxin played in the process of invasion, its cytotoxicity against insect midgut c ... | 2014 | 24840022 |
| pirb-cry2aa hybrid protein exhibits enhanced insecticidal activity against spodoptera exigua larvae. | previous study revealed that the n-terminal region of pirb toxin from photorhabdus luminescens showed 20.5% identity and 41.5% similarity to the domain i of cry2a toxin of bacillus thuringiensis. the encoding sequence of the domain i of cry2aa protein was replaced by the encoding gene of corresponding domain of pirb protein. expression of pirb-cry2aa chimeric gene in b. thuringiensis acrystalliferous strain cry(-)b leads to the formation of crystals with irregular shape. bioassay showed that pir ... | 2014 | 24879991 |
| abcc transporters mediate insect resistance to multiple bt toxins revealed by bulk segregant analysis. | relatively recent evidence indicates that abcc2 transporters play a main role in the mode of action of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1a-type proteins. mapping of major cry1a resistance genes has linked resistance to the abcc2 locus in heliothis virescens, plutella xylostella, trichoplusia ni and bombyx mori, and mutations in this gene have been found in three of these bt-resistant strains. | 2014 | 24912445 |
| rna interference-mediated knockdown of three putative aminopeptidases n affects susceptibility of spodoptera exigua larvae to bacillus thuringiensis cry1ca. | aminopeptidase n (apn) isoforms in insects have been documented to be involved in the mode of action of insecticidal crystal proteins (cry) from bacillus thuringiensis. here we cloned two novel seapns from the larval midgut of spodoptera exigua, a major pest of many crops of economic importance in china. according to a phylogenetic analysis, these two novel seapns, along with the four seapn isoforms already described, belong to six different clades. all the six seapns share similar structural fe ... | 2014 | 24932922 |
| proteolytic processing of bacillus thuringiensis vip3a proteins by two spodoptera species. | vip3 proteins have been described to be secreted by bacillus thuringiensis during the vegetative growth phase and to display a broad insecticidal spectrum against lepidopteran larvae. vip3aa protoxin has been reported to be significantly more toxic to spodoptera frugiperda than to spodoptera exigua and differences in the midgut processing have been proposed to be responsible. in contrast, we have found that vip3ae is essentially equally toxic against these two species. proteolysis experiments we ... | 2014 | 24979528 |
| simultaneous occurrence of covert infections with small rna viruses in the lepidopteran spodoptera exigua. | viral covert infections in invertebrates have been traditionally attributed to sublethal infections that were not able to establish an acute infection. recent studies are revealing that, although true for some viruses, other viruses may follow the strategy of establishing covert or persistent infections without producing the death of the host. recently, and due to the revolution in the sequencing technologies, a large number of viruses causing covert infections in all type of hosts have been ide ... | 2014 | 24997384 |
| [accumulation of lead in spodoptera exigua (hübner) and its impact on the population]. | the heavy metals pollution is one of the ecological problems which have been paid close attention to spodoptera exigua hübner, one of the key pests on vegetables and cotton in the yangtze river and its southern area in china, has broken out more frequently in recent years. in this study, accumulation of pb2+ in s. exigua and its excretion were detected when fed with artificial diets with different pb2+ concentrations (0.3, 1.2, 4.8, 19.2 and 76.8 mg x kg(-1), respectively). life table was constr ... | 2014 | 25011311 |
| novel phthalamides containing sulfiliminyl moieties and derivatives as potential ryanodine receptor modulators. | to tackle the serious challenge of insect resistance and stricter environmental regulations, innovating a new eco-friendly insecticide is urgently required. a series of new phthalamides containing sulfiliminyl and sulfoximinyl moieties were designed and synthesized. in total, 30 new structures were characterized by 1h nmr spectra and hrms. the bioassay results indicated that some title compounds exhibited excellent insecticidal activities against oriental armyworm (pseudaletia separata walker) a ... | 2014 | 25026986 |
| the impact of domestication on resistance to two generalist herbivores across 29 independent domestication events. | the domestication of crops is among the most important innovations in human history. here, we test the hypothesis that cultivation and artificial selection for increased productivity of crops reduced plant defenses against herbivores. we compared the performance of two economically important generalist herbivores - the leaf-chewing beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua) and the phloem-feeding green peach aphid (myzus persicae) - across 29 crop species and their closely related wild relatives. we also ... | 2014 | 25039644 |
| peltate glandular trichomes of colquhounia seguinii harbor new defensive clerodane diterpenoids. | glandular trichomes produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites that are considered as major defensive chemicals against herbivore attack. the morphology and secondary metabolites of the peltate glandular trichomes of a lianoid labiatae, colquhounia seguinii vaniot, were investigated. three new clerodane diterpenoids, seguiniilactones a-c (1-3), were identified through precise trichome collection with laser microdissection, metabolic analysis with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tand ... | 2014 | 25048077 |
| biochemical mechanisms for metaflumizone resistance in beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | the metaflumizone, which belongs to the class of voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, was registered to control spodoptera exigua on vegetables in china in 2009. the present study revealed s. exigua has developed high resistance to this novel chemistry insecticide shortly after 2-3 years application in guangdong province of china. the metabolic mechanisms for metaflumizone resistance in this insect were analysed. the inhibitor of esterases greatly potentiates the toxicity of this chemical ... | 2014 | 25052521 |
| highly oxygenated limonoids and lignans from phyllanthus flexuosus. | two new highly oxygenated limonoids, flexuosoids a (1) and b (2), and three new arylnaphthalene lignan glycosides, phyllanthusmins d-f (3-5), were isolated from the roots of phyllanthus flexuosus, in addition to three known lignans, phyllanthusmin c, arabelline, and (+)-diasyringaresinol. their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. compounds 1 and 2, two new decaoxygenated limonoids with a c-19/29 lactol bridge and heptaoxygenated substi ... | 2014 | 25089242 |
| characterization of an insecticidal toxin and pathogenicity of pseudomonas taiwanensis against insects. | pseudomonas taiwanensis is a broad-host-range entomopathogenic bacterium that exhibits insecticidal activity toward agricultural pests plutella xylostella, spodoptera exigua, spodoptera litura, trichoplusia ni and drosophila melanogaster. oral infection with different concentrations (od = 0.5 to 2) of wild-type p. taiwanensis resulted in insect mortality rates that were not significantly different (92.7%, 96.4% and 94.5%). the tccc protein, a component of the toxin complex (tc), plays an essenti ... | 2014 | 25144637 |
| roles for jasmonate- and ethylene-induced transcription factors in the ability of arabidopsis to respond differentially to damage caused by two insect herbivores. | plant responses to insects and wounding involve substantial transcriptional reprogramming that integrates hormonal, metabolic, and physiological events. the ability to respond differentially to various stresses, including wounding, generally involves hormone signaling and trans-acting regulatory factors. evidence of the importance of transcription factors (tfs) in responses to insects is also accumulating. however, the relationships among hormone signaling, tf activity, and ability to respond sp ... | 2014 | 25191332 |
| roles of peroxinectin in pge2-mediated cellular immunity in spodoptera exigua. | prostaglandins (pgs) mediate insect immune responses to infections and invasions. although the presence of pgs has been confirmed in several insect species, their biosynthesis in insects remains a conundrum because orthologs of the mammalian cyclooxygenases (coxs) have not been found in the known insect genomes. pg-mediated immune reactions have been documented in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. the purpose of this research is to identify the source of pgs in s. exigua. | 2014 | 25191834 |
| evaluation of etoxazole against insects and acari in vegetables in china. | etoxazole, 2-(2,6-difluorophenyl-4-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4,5-dihydrooxazole, an organofluorine chitin synthesis inhibitor, was assayed for its bioactivities against several major insect and acarus pests and compared to several other pesticides: two chitin synthesis inhibitors, hexaflumuron and chlorfluazuron; a pyrethroid, permethrin; an organophosphate, acephate; a carboximide, hexythiazox; and a tetrazine, clofentezine. the lc50 of etoxazole was calculated using probit analys ... | 2014 | 25199415 |
| effects of self-superparasitism and host age on fitness-correlated traits in the solitary endoparasitoid wasp meteorus pulchricornis. | the domed fitness functions are suggested to describe developmental patterns of progeny parasitoids in relation to host age at oviposition in solitary koinobint parasitoids that are engaged in single parasitism, but few studies have investigated the applicability of the functions as related to superparasitism. the present study was designed to compare fitness functions between single parasitism and superparasitism by examining developmental patterns of meteorus pulchricornis (wesmael) (hymneopte ... | 2014 | 25201512 |
| accumulation of 5-hydroxynorvaline in maize (zea mays) leaves is induced by insect feeding and abiotic stress. | plants produce a wide variety of defensive metabolites to protect themselves against herbivores and pathogens. non-protein amino acids, which are present in many plant species, can have a defensive function through their mis-incorporation during protein synthesis and/or inhibition of biosynthetic pathways in primary metabolism. 5-hydroxynorvaline was identified in a targeted search for previously unknown non-protein amino acids in the leaves of maize (zea mays) inbred line b73. accumulation of t ... | 2014 | 25271262 |
| transcriptional and metabolic signatures of arabidopsis responses to chewing damage by an insect herbivore and bacterial infection and the consequences of their interaction. | plants use multiple interacting signaling systems to identify and respond to biotic stresses. although it is often assumed that there is specificity in signaling responses to specific pests, this is rarely examined outside of the gene-for-gene relationships of plant-pathogen interactions. in this study, we first compared early events in gene expression and later events in metabolite profiles of arabidopsis thaliana following attack by either the caterpillar spodoptera exigua or avirulent (dc3000 ... | 2014 | 25278943 |
| effects of self-superparasitism and host age on fitness-correlated traits in the solitary endoparasitoid wasp meteorus pulchricornis. | the domed fitness functions are suggested to describe developmental patterns of progeny parasitoids in relation to host age at oviposition in solitary koinobint parasitoids that are engaged in single parasitism, but few studies have investigated the applicability of the functions as related to superparasitism. the present study was designed to compare fitness functions between single parasitism and superparasitism by examining developmental patterns of meteorus pulchricornis (wesmael) (hymneopte ... | 2014 | 25373229 |
| evaluation of etoxazole against insects and acari in vegetables in china. | etoxazole, 2-(2,6-difluorophenyl-4-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4,5-dihydrooxazole, an organofluorine chitin synthesis inhibitor, was assayed for its bioactivities against several major insect and acarus pests and compared to several other pesticides: two chitin synthesis inhibitors, hexaflumuron and chlorfluazuron; a pyrethroid, permethrin; an organophosphate, acephate; a carboximide, hexythiazox; and a tetrazine, clofentezine. the lc50 of etoxazole was calculated using probit analys ... | 2014 | 25373230 |
| establishment and characterization of a new cell line of chilo suppressalis walker (lepidoptera: pyralididae). | a new cell line, designated as zjbiq-chsu-i, was initiated from the fat body of larval chilo suppressalis (walker) (lepidoptera: pyralididae) in tnm-fh insect medium containing 15% fetal bovine serum. the polygonal cells (65.6%) were predominant among various cell types, and the diameter range was from 12.63 to 22.50 μm. the cell line showed a typical lepidopteran chromosome pattern ranging from 108 to 136 chromosomes in the majority of the cells. the population doubling time (pdt) of the cell l ... | 2015 | 25381037 |
| molecular and insecticidal characterization of a novel cry-related protein from bacillus thuringiensis toxic against myzus persicae. | this study describes the insecticidal activity of a novel bacillus thuringiensis cry-related protein with a deduced 799 amino acid sequence (~89 kda) and ~19% pairwise identity to the 95-kda-aphidicidal protein (sequence number 204) from patent us 8318900 and ~40% pairwise identity to the cancer cell killing cry proteins (parasporins cry41ab1 and cry41aa1), respectively. this novel cry-related protein contained the five conserved amino acid blocks and the three conserved domains commonly found i ... | 2014 | 25384108 |
| genomic and biological characterization of a new cypovirus isolated from dendrolimus punctatus. | a novel cypovirus (designated dpcpv-mc) was isolated from the pine moth dendrolimus punctatus using serial in vivo cloning procedures. dpcpv-mc occurs in typical polyhedral occlusion bodies, containing a number of spherical virions. laboratory bioassays indicated that the infectivity of dpcpv-mc against second-instar spodoptera exigua larvae does not differ significantly from that of dendrolimus punctatus cypovirus 1. full-length amplification of the dpcpv-mc cdnas identified 16 dsrna genome seg ... | 2014 | 25419713 |
| transcriptional responses of arabidopsis thaliana to chewing and sucking insect herbivores. | we tested the hypothesis that arabidopsis can recognize and respond differentially to insect species at the transcriptional level using a genome wide microarray. transcriptional reprogramming was characterized using co-expression analysis in damaged and undamaged leaves at two times in response to mechanical wounding and four insect species. in all, 2778 (10.6%) of annotated genes on the array were differentially expressed in at least one treatment. responses differed mainly between aphid and ca ... | 2014 | 25452759 |
| isolation, structure modeling and function characterization of a trypsin inhibitor from cassia obtusifolia. | a trypsin inhibitor gene (coti1) from cassia obtusifolia was isolated and the deduced amino acid sequence was attributed to the kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor. the recombined coti1, expressed in e. coli, exhibited strong inhibitory effect on bovine trypsin and trypsin-like proteases from helicoverpa armigera, spodoptera exigua, and spodoptera litura. coti1 thus presents insecticidal properties that may be useful for the genetic engineering of plants. leu84, arg86 and thr88 were predicted as three ... | 2015 | 25479703 |
| new perspectives into jasmonate roles in maize. | it is well-known from the model dicotyledonous plants, arabidopsis and tomato, that jasmonates (jas) act as defense hormones in planta due to their potent ability to mediate defensive responses against insect/pathogen attacks or harsh environmental conditions. ja is also required for various developmental processes such as male fertility, seed maturation, root extension, and leaf senescence. in our recently published plant cell paper, the multiple roles of ja in the monocotyledonous agro-economi ... | 2014 | 25482807 |
| identification of micrornas by small rna deep sequencing for synthetic microrna mimics to control spodoptera exigua. | beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, is a major pest of cotton around the world. with the increase of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin in transgenic cotton plants, there is a need to develop an alternative control approach that can be used in combination with bt transgenic crops as part of resistance management strategies. micrornas (mirnas), a non-coding small rna family (18-25 nt), play crucial roles in various biological processes and over-expression of mirnas has been shown to in ... | 2015 | 25528266 |
| virulence of entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae and paecilomyces fumosoroseus for the microbial control of spodoptera exigua. | the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is difficult to control using chemical insecticides because of the development of insecticide resistance. several pest control agents are used to control the beet armyworm. entomopathogenic fungi are one of the candidates for eco-friendly pest control instead of chemical control agents. in this study, among various entomopathogenic fungal strains isolated from soil two isolates were selected as high virulence pathogens against larva of ... | 2014 | 25606011 |
| ttagg-repeat telomeres and characterization of telomerase in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | telomeres are maintained usually by telomerase, a specialized reverse transcriptase that adds this sequence to chromosome ends. in this study, telomerase activity was detected in the in different somatic tissues, such as midgut and fat bodies, by the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (trap) in spodoptera exigua. the structure of the telomeres of s. exigua was evaluated by sequence analysis of the trap products, revealing that the telomerase synthesized a (ttagg)n repeat. the presence of a ... | 2015 | 25689229 |
| regulation of hemolymph trehalose level by an insulin-like peptide through diel feeding rhythm of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | like vertebrate insulins, some insect insulin-like peptides (ilps) play crucial roles in controlling immature growth, adult lifespan, and hemolymph sugar level. an ilp gene (seilp1) was predicted from a transcriptome database of spodoptera exigua. seilp1 encodes 95 amino acid sequence and shares sequence homologies (33-83%) with other insect ilps, in which six conserved cysteine residues are found in the predicted b-a chains. seilp1 was expressed in all developmental stages of s. exigua. however ... | 2015 | 25703302 |
| testing the joint effects hypothesis of elemental defense using spodoptera exigua. | metal hyperaccumulation may be an elemental defense, in which high concentrations of a metal in plant tissues decrease herbivore survival or growth rate. the joint effects hypothesis suggests that a combination of metals, or a combination of a metal with an organic compound, may have an enhanced defensive effect. the enhancement may be additive or synergistic: in either case the concentration of a particular metal necessary to provide a defensive benefit for the plant is lowered. we tested the j ... | 2015 | 25712748 |
| enhancement of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal activity by combining cry1ac and bi-functional toxin hwtx-xi from spider. | in order to assess the potency of bi-functional hwtx-xi toxin from spider ornithoctonus huwena in improving the insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis, a fusion gene of cry1ac and hwtx-xi was constructed and expressed in an acrystalliferous b. thuringiensis strain cry(-)b. western blot analysis and microscopic observation revealed that the recombinant strain could express 140-kda cry1ac-hwtx-xi fusion protein and produce parasporal inclusions during sporulation. bioassay using the larva ... | 2016 | 25721170 |
| high resistance of transgenic cabbage plants with a synthetic cry1ia8 gene from bacillus thuringiensis against two lepidopteran species under field conditions. | plutella xylostella (linnaeus) has become the most destructive pest in cabbage throughout the world. cry1ia8 cabbage has been developed to reduce pest attacks. to gain a better understanding of the efficacy of cry1ia8 cabbage, a homozygous cry1ia8 cabbage line a14-5 was produced, and its resistance to p. xylostella, pieris rapae (linnaeus) and other lepidopteran pests was evaluated in the field in 2011, 2012 and 2013. | 2016 | 25721816 |
| cadherin is involved in the action of bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1ac and cry2aa in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal crystal (cry) proteins are effective against some insect pests in sprays and transgenic crops, although the evolution of resistance could threaten the long-term efficacy of such bt use. one strategy to delay resistance to bt crops is to "pyramid" two or more bt proteins that bind to distinct receptor proteins within the insect midgut. the most common bt pyramid in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) employs cry1ac with cry2ab to target several key lepidopteran ... | 2015 | 25754522 |
| a distinct group ii alphabaculovirus isolated from a peridroma species. | the genome sequence of an alphabaculovirus isolated from a peridroma species indicated that it is a novel member of a group ii lineage most closely related to alphabaculoviruses from spodoptera exigua and agrotis segetum. it contains a genome of 151,110 nucleotides (nt), with a g+c content of 53.3%. | 2015 | 25838477 |
| pge2 mediates oenocytoid cell lysis via a sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter. | prostaglandin e2 (pge2 ) mediates immune responses of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, including oenocytoid cell lysis (a class of lepidopteran hemocytes: ocl) via its specific membrane receptor to release inactive prophenoloxidase (ppo) into hemolymph. ppo is activated into phenoloxidase in the plasma to play crucial roles in the immune responses of s. exigua. the mechanism of ocl has not been elucidated, however we posed the hypothesis that a rapid accumulation of sodium ions within the o ... | 2015 | 25845372 |
| plant vascular architecture determines the pattern of herbivore-induced systemic responses in arabidopsis thaliana. | the induction of systemic responses in plants is associated with the connectivity between damaged and undamaged leaves, as determined by vascular architecture. despite the widespread appreciation for studying variation in induced plant defense, few studies have characterized spatial variability of induction in the model species, arabidopsis thaliana. here we show that plant architecture generates fine scale spatial variation in the systemic induction of invertase and phenolic compounds. we exami ... | 2015 | 25879926 |
| attraction of egg-killing parasitoids toward induced plant volatiles in a multi-herbivore context. | in response to insect herbivory, plants emit volatile organic compounds which may act as indirect plant defenses by attracting natural enemies of the attacking herbivore. in nature, plants are often attacked by multiple herbivores, but the majority of studies which have investigated indirect plant defenses to date have focused on the recruitment of different parasitoid species in a single-herbivore context. here, we report our investigation on the attraction of egg parasitoids of lepidopteran ho ... | 2015 | 25953114 |
| dissimilar regulation of antimicrobial proteins in the midgut of spodoptera exigua larvae challenged with bacillus thuringiensis toxins or baculovirus. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) and lysozymes are the main effectors of the insect immune system, and they are involved in both local and systemic responses. among local responses, midgut immune reaction plays an important role in fighting pathogens that reach the insect body through the oral route, as do many microorganisms used in pest control. under this point of view, understanding how insects defend themselves locally during the first phases of infections caused by food-borne pathogens is imp ... | 2015 | 25993013 |
| synthesis and insecticidal activity of spinosyns with c9-o-benzyl bioisosteres in place of the 2',3',4'-tri-o-methyl rhamnose. | the spinosyns are fermentation-derived natural products active against a wide range of insect pests. they are structurally complex, consisting of two sugars (forosamine and rhamnose) coupled to a macrocyclic tetracycle. removal of the rhamnose sugar results in a >100-fold reduction in insecticidal activity. c9-o-benzyl analogues of spinosyn d were synthesized to determine if the 2',3',4'-tri-o-methyl rhamnose moiety could be replaced with a simpler, synthetic bioisostere. insecticidal activity w ... | 2015 | 25993441 |
| establishment and characterization of three embryonic cell lines of beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | three cell lines (qau-se-e-1, -2 and -3, or se-1, -2 and -3 for short) were established from eggs of beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua) that have been passaged stably for more than 60 times in tnm-fh medium supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum. the cell lines consisted of round and spindle-shaped cells. the round cells accounted for 96.82, 84.34 and 83.16 % of the cells in the three cell lines, respectively, with cell diameters of 16.21 ± 0.72, 15.63 ± 0.58 and 13.06 ± 0.44 μm. random amplif ... | 2016 | 25999173 |
| overexpression of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa decarboxylase associated with pupal melanization in spodoptera exigua. | melanism has been found in a wide range of species, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain largely elusive. in this study, we studied the molecular mechanisms of the pupal melanism in spodoptera exigua. the full length cdna sequences of tyrosine hydroxylase (th) and dopa decarboxylase (ddc), two key enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway of melanin, were cloned, and their temporal expression patterns in the integument were compared during the larval-pupal metamorphosis process of the s. exigu ... | 2015 | 26084938 |
| activity of vegetative insecticidal proteins vip3aa58 and vip3aa59 of bacillus thuringiensis against lepidopteran pests. | vegetative insecticidal proteins (vips) secreted by some isolates of bacillus thuringiensis show activity against insects and are regarded as insecticides against pests. a number of b. thuringiensis strains harbouring vip3a genes were isolated from different sources and identified by using a pcr based approach. the isolates with the highest insecticidal activity were indicated in screening tests, and their vip genes were cloned and sequenced. the analysis revealed two polymorphic vip protein for ... | 2015 | 26146224 |
| a transformed bacterium expressing double-stranded rna specific to integrin β1 enhances bt toxin efficacy against a polyphagous insect pest, spodoptera exigua. | oral toxicity of double-stranded rna (dsrna) specific to integrin β1 subunit (seint) was known in a polyphagous insect pest, spodoptera exigua. for an application of the dsrna to control the insect pest, this study prepared a transformed escherichia coli expressing dsrna specific to seint. | 2015 | 26171783 |
| differential immunosuppression by campoletis chlorideae eggs and ichnovirus in larvae of helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera exigua. | the ichneumonid wasp, campoletis chlorideae uchida, successfully develops in the cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera (hübner), but rarely survives in the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (hübner) due to the encapsulation by host immunity. in this study, we investigated the role of c. chlorideae ichnovirus (cciv) and eggs in the evasion of the host immune system. washed eggs of different types, immature, mature, newly laid, or pretreated with protease k, were injected alone or with the calyx flui ... | 2015 | 26183795 |
| complete genome sequence and structural characterization of a novel iflavirus isolated from opsiphanes invirae (lepidoptera: nymphalidae). | opsiphanes invirae (lepidopera: nymphalidae) is a common pest of the african oil palm tree (elaeis guineensis) in brazil. dead larvae were collected in canopy of oil palm trees cultivated in the amazon region (para state) and analyzed for viral infection. electron microscopy of caterpillar extracts showed an icosahedral picorna-like virus particle with 30nm in diameter. total rna extracted from partially purified virus particles was sequenced. a contig of 10,083 nucleotides (nt) was identified a ... | 2015 | 26254043 |
| the arabidopsis immune regulator srfr1 dampens defences against herbivory by spodoptera exigua and parasitism by heterodera schachtii. | plants have developed diverse mechanisms to fine tune defence responses to different types of enemy. cross-regulation between signalling pathways may allow the prioritization of one response over another. previously, we identified suppressor of rps4-rld1 (srfr1) as a negative regulator of enhanced disease susceptibility1 (eds1)-dependent effector-triggered immunity against the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain dc3000 expressing avrrps4. the use of multiple stresses is a p ... | 2016 | 26310916 |
| isolation and expression analysis of cyp9a11 and cytochrome p450 reductase gene in the beet armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | cytochrome p450 monooxygenases (cyps), as an enzyme superfamily, is widely distributed in organisms and plays a vital function in the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous compounds by interacting with its obligatory redox partner, cyp reductase (cpr). a novel cyp gene (cyp9a11) and cpr gene from the agricultural pest insect spodoptera exigua were cloned and characterized. the complete cdna sequences of secyp9a11 and secpr are 1,931 and 3,919 bp in length, respectively, and contain open reading ... | 2015 | 26320261 |
| identification and comparative expression analysis of odorant binding protein genes in the tobacco cutworm spodoptera litura. | insect odorant binding proteins (obps) are thought to involve in insects' olfaction perception. in the present study, we identified 38 obp genes from the antennal transcriptomes of spodoptera litura. tissue expression profiles analysis revealed that 17 of the 38 slitobp transcripts were uniquely or primarily expressed in the antennae of both sexes, suggesting their putative role in chemoreception. the rpkm value analysis revealed that seven obps (slitpbp1-3, slitgobp1-2, slitobp3 and slitobp5) a ... | 2015 | 26346731 |
| a novel calcium-independent cellular pla2 acts in insect immunity and larval growth. | phospholipase a2 (pla2) catalyzes the position-specific hydrolysis of fatty acids linked to the sn-2 position of phospholipids (pls). pla2s make up a very large superfamily, with more than known 15 groups, classified into secretory pla2 (spla2), ca(2+)-dependent cellular pla2 (spla2) and ca(2+)-independent cellular pla2 (ipla2). only a few insect spla2s, expressed in venom glands and immune tissues, have been characterized at the molecular level. this study aimed to test our hypothesis that inse ... | 2015 | 26429672 |
| proteomic analysis of the influence of cu(2+) on the crystal protein production of bacillus thuringiensis x022. | bacillus thuringiensis x022, a novel strain isolated from soil in china, produces diamond-shaped parasporal crystals. specific mineral nutrients, such as mg, cu, and mn, influence insecticidal crystal proteins (icp) expression and the effects of these elements vary significantly. however, the molecular mechanisms of the effects caused by mineral elements have yet to be reported. | 2015 | 26438125 |
| genetic mapping shows intraspecific variation and transgressive segregation for caterpillar-induced aphid resistance in maize. | plants in nature have inducible defences that sometimes lead to targeted resistance against particular herbivores, but susceptibility to others. the metabolic diversity and genetic resources available for maize (zea mays) make this a suitable system for a mechanistic study of within-species variation in such plant-mediated interactions between herbivores. beet armyworms (spodoptera exigua) and corn leaf aphids (rhopalosiphum maidis) are two naturally occurring maize herbivores with different fee ... | 2015 | 26462033 |
| cross-resistance and inheritance of resistance to emamectin benzoate in spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner), is a worldwide pest of many crops. chemical insecticides are heavily used for its control in china, and serious resistance has been evolved in the field to a variety of insecticides including emamectin benzoate. through repeated backcrossing to a susceptible strain (wh-s) and selection with emamectin benzoate, the trait conferring resistance to emamectin benzoate in a field-collected population of s. exigua (moderately resistant to emamectin benzoate an ... | 2015 | 26470348 |
| synthetic pheromones and plant volatiles alter the expression of chemosensory genes in spodoptera exigua. | pheromone and plant odorants are important for insect mating, foraging food sources and oviposition. to understand the molecular mechanisms regulating pheromone and odorant signaling, we employed qrt-pcr to study the circadian rhythms of abp, obp, pbp, and or gene expression in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua and their responses after a pre-exposure to sex pheromone compounds or plant volatiles. the neuronal responses of male s. exigua to 20 chemical compounds were recorded at three specifi ... | 2015 | 26611815 |
| gasmin (bv2-5), a polydnaviral-acquired gene in spodoptera exigua. trade-off in the defense against bacterial and viral infections. | thousands of hymenopteran endoparasitoids have developed a unique symbiotic relationship with viruses named polydnavirus (pdvs). these viruses immunocompromise the lepidopteran host allowing the survival of the wasp eggs. in a previous work, we have shown the horizontal transfer of some polydnaviral genes into the genome of the lepidoptera, spodoptera exigua. one of these genes, bv2-5 (named gasmin) interferes with actin polymerization, negatively affecting the multiplication of baculovirus in c ... | 2016 | 26658027 |
| in-silico determination of insecticidal potential of vip3aa-cry1ac fusion protein against lepidopteran targets using molecular docking. | study and research of bt (bacillus thuringiensis) transgenic plants have opened new ways to combat insect pests. over the decades, however, insect pests, especially the lepidopteran, have developed tolerance against bt delta-endotoxins. such issues can be addressed through the development of novel toxins with greater toxicity and affinity against a broad range of insect receptors. in this computational study, functional domains of bacillus thuringiensis crystal delta-endotoxin (cry1ac) insectici ... | 2015 | 26697037 |
| rhizobacteria activates (+)-δ-cadinene synthase genes and induces systemic resistance in cotton against beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua). | gossypol is an important allelochemical produced by the subepidermal glands of some cotton varieties and important for their ability to respond to changing biotic stress by exhibiting antibiosis against some cotton pests. plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) are root-colonizing bacteria that increase plant growth and often elicit defence against plant pathogens and insect pests. little is known about the effect of pgpr on cotton plant-insect interactions and the potential biochemical and ... | 2016 | 26715260 |
| genome-wide identification of calcium-dependent protein kinases in soybean and analyses of their transcriptional responses to insect herbivory and drought stress. | calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) are plant-specific calcium sensors that play important roles in various aspects of plant physiology. here, we investigated phylogenic relationships, chromosomal locations, gene structures, and tissue-specific, herbivory- and drought-induced expression profiles of soybean (glycine max) gmcdpks. fifty gmcdpk genes were identified, which phylogenetically grouped into 4 distinct clusters and distributed across 13 sub-clusters. individual classes of gmcdpks h ... | 2016 | 26733237 |
| a geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase provides the precursor for sesterterpenoid (c25) formation in the glandular trichomes of the mint species leucosceptrum canum. | plant sesterterpenoids, an important class of terpenoids, are widely distributed in various plants, including food crops. however, little is known about their biosynthesis. here, we cloned and functionally characterized a plant geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase (lc-gfdps), the enzyme producing the c25 prenyl diphosphate precursor to all sesterterpenoids, from the glandular trichomes of the woody plant leucosceptrum canum. gfdps catalyzed the formation of gfdp after expression in escherichia c ... | 2016 | 26941091 |
| proteomic analysis of mamestra brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus progeny virions from two different hosts. | mamestra brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus (mabrnpv) has a wide host range replication in more than one insect species. in this study, a sequenced mabrnpv strain, mabrnpv-cta, was used to perform proteomic analysis of both bvs and odvs derived from two infected hosts: helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera exigua. a total of 82 and 39 viral proteins were identified in odvs and bvs, respectively. and totally, 23 and 76 host proteins were identified as virion-associated with odvs and bvs, respectively. ... | 2016 | 27058368 |
| a new cell line derived from embryonic tissues of holotrichia parallela (coleoptera:scarabaeidae). | holotrichia parallela is an important agricultural underground insect pest and also an edible and medicinal insect. establishing a new cell line of h. parallela will provide a rapid and convenient tool for the studies on its physiology, pathology, and gene functions. in this study, by using the embryonic tissue of h. parallela as the material, we established a new cell line named hp-e-1. the microscopic observation of its morphological characteristics revealed that its cellular morphology was ma ... | 2016 | 27083164 |
| augmenting sulfur metabolism and herbivore defense in arabidopsis by bacterial volatile signaling. | sulfur is an element necessary for the life cycle of higher plants. its assimilation and reduction into essential biomolecules are pivotal factors determining a plant's growth and vigor as well as resistance to environmental stress. while certain soil microbes can enhance ion solubility via chelating agents or oxidation, microbial regulation of plant-sulfur assimilation has not been reported. with an increasing understanding that soil microbes can activate growth and stress tolerance in plants v ... | 2016 | 27092166 |
| potato tuber herbivory increases resistance to aboveground lepidopteran herbivores. | plants mediate interactions between aboveground and belowground herbivores. although effects of root herbivory on foliar herbivores have been documented in several plant species, interactions between tuber-feeding herbivores and foliar herbivores are rarely investigated. we report that localized tuber damage by tecia solanivora (guatemalan tuber moth) larvae reduced aboveground spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) and spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) performance on solanum tuberosum (potato). ... | 2016 | 27147449 |
| cloning, expression, purification, and insecticidal activity of a novel cry1na3 toxin from bacillus thuringiensis brc-zyr2. | bacillus thuringiensis produces a variety of insecticidal crystal proteins (icps). genome sequencing is a promising strategy for detecting and identifying b. thuringiensis icps, which are of great interest to the biocontrol field. in this study, a novel icp gene was cloned from b. thuringiensis brc-zyr2 based on genomic data from 454 gs-flx titanium sequencing and an analysis of the results using the b. thuringiensis toxin_scanner (http://bcam.hzaubmb.net/bttoxin_scanner/index.php). cry1na3 desi ... | 2016 | 27170729 |
| molecular characterization of autophagy-related gene 5 from spodoptera exigua and expression analysis under various stress conditions. | autophagy is not only involved in development, but also has been proved to attend immune response against invading pathogens. autophagy protein 5 (atg5) is an important autophagic protein, which plays a crucial role in autophagosome elongation. although atg5 has been well studied in mammal, yeast, and drosophila, little is known about atg5 in lepidopteran insects. we cloned putative seatg5 gene from spodoptera exigua larvae by the rapid amplification of cdna ends method, and its characteristics ... | 2016 | 27226059 |
| segsto, a novel glutathione s-transferase from the beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua), involved in detoxification and oxidative stress. | members of the glutathione s-transferase superfamily can protect organisms against oxidative stress. in this study, we characterized an omega glutathione s-transferase from spodoptera exigua (segsto). the segsto gene contains an open reading frame (orf) of 744 nucleotides encoding a 248-amino acid polypeptide. the predicted molecular mass and isoelectric point of segsto are 29007 da and 7.74, respectively. multiple amino acid sequence alignment analysis shows that the segsto sequence is closely ... | 2016 | 27230212 |
| insecticidal activity and histopathological effects of vip3aa protein from bacillus thuringiensis on spodoptera litura. | vegetative insecticidal proteins (vips) are insecticidal proteins synthesized by bacillus thuringiensis during the vegetative stage of growth. in this study, vip3aa protein, obtained by in vitro expression of the vip3aa gene from b. thuringiensis wb5, displayed high insecticidal activity against spodoptera litura aside from spodoptera exigua and helicoverpa armigera. bioassay results showed that the toxicity of vip3aa protein against s. litura larvae statistically decreased along with the increa ... | 2016 | 27435544 |
| ultrastructural and developmental toxicity of potato and tomato leaf extracts to beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua is a herbivorous moth and a serious pest of many economically important plants, which are used as food sources. because of rigorous standards of food quality, usage of synthetic insecticides in crop protection, against pests, is limited. solanaceae plant extracts may be a relatively cheap source of efficient natural insecticides that can limit usage of synthetic substances. their biological activity is not fully known. in particular, ultrastructural studies, usin ... | 2016 | 27440448 |
| the fungal endophyte chaetomium globosum negatively affects both above- and belowground herbivores in cotton. | mutualistic plant-endophyte symbioses can benefit plants by increasing host fitness through reductions in herbivory. the fungus, chaetomium globosum strain tamu 520, was previously isolated as an endophyte from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and can be re-inoculated to systemically colonize cotton plants via seed treatment. we evaluated the potential impacts of the endophyte in cotton on plant parasitic nematodes belowground, along with piercing-sucking and chewing insects aboveground. endophytic c ... | 2016 | 27451418 |
| identification and functional characterization of an epsilon glutathione s-transferase from the beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua). | 2016 | 27521917 | |
| messages from the other side: parasites receive damage cues from their host plants. | as sessile organisms, plants rely on their environment for cues indicating imminent herbivory. these cues can originate from tissues on the same plant or from different individuals. since parasitic plants form vascular connections with their host, parasites have the potential to receive cues from hosts that allow them to adjust defenses against future herbivory. however, the role of plant communication between hosts and parasites for herbivore defense remains poorly investigated. here, we examin ... | 2016 | 27539588 |
| characterization and growing development of spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae infected by heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (hvav-3h). | spodoptera exigua (hübner) is a very serious worldwide pest capable of causing severe economic losses in numerous agricultural crops. the need for an effective, highly virulent, pathogenic microorganism for use as a biological control agent against s. exigua larvae is particularly important. heliothis virescens ascovirus 3 h (hvav-3h)-containing hemolymph with a titer of 9.58 × 10(12) genome copies per ml was used to inoculate s. exigua larvae per os with a 1.06 × 10(10) dosage per larva for the ... | 2016 | 27551150 |
| population genetic diversity and genetic structure of spodoptera exigua around the bohai gulf area of china based on mitochondrial dna signatures. | the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is an economically important pest that causes major losses in some main crop-producing areas of china. to control this pest effectively, it is necessary to investigate its population genetic diversity and genetic structure around the bohai gulf area of china. in this study, we used two mitochondrial genes, coi (578 bp) and cytb (724 bp), to investigate its genetic diversity. we obtained 622 coi sequences and 462 cytb sequences from 2 ... | 2016 | 27706794 |
| spodoptera litura autophagy-related protein 1 interacts with autophagy-related protein 5 and enhances its degradation. | it is known that the autophagy-related protein 1 (atg1) plays critical roles in the regulation of autophagy in mammals and yeast, whereas the function of atg1 in lepidopteran insects is not well elucidated. here spodoptera litura atg1 (slatg1) and its interactions with other atg proteins were characterized. alternative splicing of slatg1 produced at least four transcript variants. over-expression and rna interference knockdown of slatg1 demonstrated that slatg1 enhanced autophagy. slatg1a-green ... | 2017 | 27902874 |
| screening of potential sources of resistance to spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in 24 sugar beet genotypes. | spodoptera exigua (hübner) is one of the polyphagous pests destroying crops such as sugar beet worldwide. the aim of this experiment was to evaluate the resistance of 24 sugar beet genotypes to s. exigua. in this study, nine sugar beet cultivars (dorotea, tous, persia, silenta, jaam, hm1339rz, jolgeh, ekbatan, and sbsi006), three hybrids ((7112*sb36)*sh-1-hsf-5, (7112*sb36)*sh-1-hsf-15, and (7112*sb36)*sh-1-hsf-16), four lines (fc201, fc301, fc220, and fc221), and eight populations (sb26, sb27, ... | 2017 | 28011687 |
| proteomic analysis of cry2aa-binding proteins and their receptor function in spodoptera exigua. | the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis produces crystal (cry) proteins that are toxic to a diverse range of insects. transgenic crops that produce bt cry proteins are grown worldwide because of their improved resistance to insect pests. although bt "pyramid" cotton that produces both cry1a and cry2a is predicted to be more resistant to several lepidopteran pests, including spodoptera exigua, than plants that produce cry1ac alone, the mechanisms responsible for the toxicity of cry2aa in s. exigua a ... | 2017 | 28067269 |
| geographic origin and host cultivar influence on digestive physiology of spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae. | digestive enzymatic activity in three geographic strains (miandiab, kalposh and moghan regions) of spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) reared on different sugar beet cultivars (dorothea, rozier, persia and perimer) was studied under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 °c, 65 ± 5% rh, and a photo period of 16:8 (l:d) h photoperiod). the results of this study demonstrated that digestive protease and amylase activity of s. exigua larvae was affected by both geographic origin of the pest a ... | 2017 | 28069730 |
| down-regulation of a chitin synthase a gene by rna interference enhances pathogenicity of beauveria bassiana anu1 against spodoptera exigua (hübner). | chitin synthase (chs) is an important enzymatic component, which is required for chitin formation in the cuticles and cuticular linings of other tissues in insects. chss have been divided into two classes, classes a and b, based on their amino acid sequence similarities and functions. class a chs (chs-a) is specifically expressed in the epidermis and related ectodermal cells such as tracheal cells, while class b chs (chs-b) is expressed in gut epithelial cells that produce peritrophic matrices. ... | 2017 | 28094453 |