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Effect of light intensity on Opisthorchis viverrini cercarial shedding levels from Bithynia snails - A preliminary study.Opisthorchis viverrini requires Bithynia snails as the first intermediate host and cyprinid fish as the second intermediate host. Very low natural infection rates have been reported in Bithynia snails, but very high rates have been found in cyprinid fish in the same endemic region. This study investigated the effect of light intensity, the most important stimulus, on the quantity of O. viverrini cercariae shed from naturally infected Bithynia (Digoniostoma) siamensis goniomphalos snails. Snails ...201221872679
Situation Analysis of Risk Factors Related to Non-communicable Diseases in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand.A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Khon Kaen Province during January 1 to June 30, 2008. The aims were to assess: (1) the prevalence of risk factors for chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, blood pressure; and (2) health behaviour and health education needs. There were 338 sample subjects aged between 20-60 years, from urban, semi-urban and rural areas. Some 20.4 % of the sample subjects reported that they were unhealthy (10.4% diagnosed with hypertension, 9.8% with dia ...201121875293
mthfr polymorphisms and opisthorchis viverrini infection: a relationship with increased susceptibility to cholangiocarcinoma in thailand.opisthorchis viverrini (ov) infection is the major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma (cca). methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mthfr) is an important enzyme in folate metabolism. change in mthfr activity may influence both dna methylation and synthesis, crucial steps in carcinogenesis. this study aimed to investigate the association between mthfr polymorphisms and ov infection with cca risk in a high-incidence area of thailand. a nested case-control study within cohort study was carried out: ...201121875294
comparative studies on animal models for opisthorchis viverrini infection: host interaction through susceptibility and pathology.syrian hamsters and gerbils are animal models for opisthorchis viverrini infection. in both models, the parasites develop into adults with different pathologies of the hepatobiliary system. however, no comparative pathological studies have yet been completed. we therefore investigated host interaction through the susceptibility and pathological changes of syrian hamsters and gerbils infected with 50 o. viverrini metacercariae for 30, 60, and 90 days post-infection. animals were sacrificed at eac ...201121881946
plasma hydroxyproline, mmp-7 and collagen i as novel predictive risk markers of hepatobiliary disease-associated cholangiocarcinoma.chronic opisthorchiasis caused by opisthorchis viverrini infection is characterized by advanced periductal fibrosis leading to hepatobiliary diseases (hbd), including cholangiocarcinoma (cca). we aimed to determine fibrotic markers to differentiate hbd status including opisthorchiasis, benign biliary disease (bbd) and cca. candidate fibrotic markers in plasma of healthy individuals (n = 14) and patients with opisthorchiasis (n = 32, pre- and post-treatment with praziquantel), bbd (n = 31), cca ( ...201121935919
[strengthening the research on clonorchiasis in china].liver flukes mainly include clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis viverrini, and opisthorchis felineus. the international congress of liver flukes was held in khon kaen, thailand, during 7-8th march, 2011. the congress assembled a wide array of studies and reflected the current status of research, control and prevention of liver flukes in the world. this paper summarizes basic information from the meeting. meanwhile, based on the research status and needs for control and prevention, priorities of re ...201121970113
Liver fluke-induced hepatic oxysterols stimulate DNA damage and apoptosis in cultured human cholangiocytes.Oxysterols are cholesterol oxidation products that are generated by enzymatic reactions through cytochrome P450 family enzymes or by non-enzymatic reactions involving reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Oxysterols have been identified in bile in the setting of chronic inflammation, suggesting that biliary epithelial cells are chronically exposed to these compounds in certain clinical settings. We hypothesized that biliary oxysterols resulting from liver fluke infection participate in cholangio ...201122044627
co-infection with opisthorchis viverrini and haplorchis taichui detected by human fecal examination in chomtong district, chiang mai province, thailand.diseases caused by the liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini and the minute intestinal fluke, haplorchis taichui, are clinically important, especially in the northeast and north regions of thailand. it is often difficult to distinguish between these trematode species using morphological methods due to the similarity of their eggs and larval stages both in mixed and co-infections. a sensitive, accurate, and specific detection method of these flukes is required for an effective epidemiological contr ...201222047704
Increased expression of TLR-2, COX-2, and SOD-2 genes in the peripheral blood leukocytes of opisthorchiasis patients induced by Opisthorchis viverrini antigen.Re-infection with liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, increases proinflammatory molecules involved in inflammation-mediated disease and carcinogenesis in an animal model. To clarify whether these genes respond to parasite antigen in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of opisthorchiasis patients, we examined the transcriptional level of oxidant-generating (toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-KB), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)), anti-oxidant-generating (manganese superoxide dis ...201122160279
Anti-inflammatory effect of prednisolone on the growth of human liver fluke in experimental opisthorchiasis.Opisthorchis viverrini is one of the risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) development and is endemic in Southeast Asia including Thailand. CCA is induced by chronic inflammation from a combination of mechanical damage, parasite secretions, and immunopathology. Chronic infection with O. viverrini has been associated with several hepatobiliary diseases which affect the development of hepatobiliary cancer and CCA. Therefore, reducing the pathogenesis from O. viverrini infection may be one of t ...201122186974
risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma in high-risk area of thailand: role of lifestyle, diet and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms.background and aim: cholangiocarcinoma (cca) is the most common cancer in northeast thailand. endemicity of opisthorchis viverrini (ov) - a known carcinogen - is responsible, but although infection is very common, the lifetime risk of cca is only 5%. other co-factors must exist, including aspects of lifestyle or diet along with variations in genetic susceptibility to them. change in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mthfr) activity may influence both dna methylation and synthesis. this study ...201122189445
low efficacy of single-dose albendazole and mebendazole against hookworm and effect on concomitant helminth infection in lao pdr.albendazole and mebendazole are increasingly deployed for preventive chemotherapy targeting soil-transmitted helminth (sth) infections. we assessed the efficacy of single oral doses of albendazole (400 mg) and mebendazole (500 mg) for the treatment of hookworm infection in school-aged children in lao pdr. since opisthorchis viverrini is co-endemic in our study setting, the effect of the two drugs could also be determined against this liver fluke.201222235353
rapid detection and differentiation of clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchis viverrini eggs in human fecal samples using a duplex real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer pcr and melting curve analysis.we developed a single step duplex real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) pcr merged with melting curve analysis for the fast detection and differentiation of clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchis viverrini eggs in human fecal samples. two species of mitochondrial nadh dehydrogenase subunit 2 (nad2) dna elements, the 165-bp nad2 product of c. sinensis and the 209-bp nad2 product of o. viverrini, were amplified by species-specific primers, and the fluorescence melting curve analyse ...201222246366
protective immunization of hamsters against opisthorchis viverrini infection is associated with the reduction of tgf-β expression.opisthorchis viverrini infection is a significant health problem in thailand and other countries in southeast asia. there is little known about the mechanisms of the immune response to o. viverrini in immunoprotection. however, it has been reported that this parasite can suppress both cell and antibody mediated immune responses. the tgf-β and il-10 are immunosuppressive cytokines that play an important role in inhibition of host immune response leading to worm survival. in this study, we immuniz ...201222266215
development of mitochondrial loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of the small liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini (opisthorchiidae; trematoda; platyhelminthes).mitochondrial dna sequences offer major advantages over the more usual nuclear targets for loop-mediated isothermal amplification approaches (mito-lamp) because multiple copies occur in every cell. four lamp primers [f3, fip(f1c+f2), bip(b1c+b2), and b3] were designed based on the mitochondrial nad1 sequence of opisthorchis viverrini and used for a highly specific assay (mito-ovlamp) to distinguish dna of o. viverrini from that of another opisthorchiid (clonorchis sinensis) and other trematodes ...201222322346
anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of thunbergia laurifolia linn. on experimental opisthorchiasis.thunbergia laurifolia linn (rang chuet) possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as well as anticancer activities. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of t. laurifolia in reducing inflammation from pathological changes in syrian hamsters infected with the human liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini. hamster groups were also administered n-nitrosodimethylamine (ndma) and treated with t. laurifolia. light microscopic observation of histopathological changes, liver ...201222327320
spatial distribution of, and risk factors for, opisthorchis viverrini infection in southern lao pdr.opisthorchis viverrini is a food-borne trematode species that might give rise to biliary diseases and the fatal cholangiocarcinoma. in lao pdr, an estimated 2.5 million individuals are infected with o. viverrini, but epidemiological studies are scarce and the spatial distribution of infection remains to be determined. our aim was to map the distribution of o. viverrini in southern lao pdr, identify underlying risk factors, and predict the prevalence of o. viverrini at non-surveyed locations.201222348157
parasites and malignancies, a review, with emphasis on digestive cancer induced by cryptosporidium parvum (alveolata: apicomplexa).the international agency for research on cancer (iarc) identifies ten infectious agents (viruses, bacteria, parasites) able to induce cancer disease in humans. among parasites, a carcinogenic role is currently recognized to the digenetic trematodes schistosoma haematobium, leading to bladder cancer, and to clonorchis sinensis or opisthorchis viverrini, which cause cholangiocarcinoma. furthermore, several reports suspected the potential association of other parasitic infections (due to protozoan ...201222348213
alteration of galectin-1 during tumorigenesis of opisthorchis viverrini infection-induced cholangiocarcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathology.galectin-1 is a beta-galactoside-binding lectin to function in cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and might be involved in tumor progression and metastasis. in the present study, the expression kinetics of galectin-1 during the tumorigenesis of a parasite opisthorchis viverrini infection-induced cholangiocarcinoma (cca) was investigated in model animal hamsters, and the expression was confirmed in human cca cases. it was found that galectin-1 was overexpressed at mrna and protein lev ...201222373585
insights into scp/taps proteins of liver flukes based on large-scale bioinformatic analyses of sequence datasets.scp/taps proteins of parasitic helminths have been proposed to play key roles in fundamental biological processes linked to the invasion of and establishment in their mammalian host animals, such as the transition from free-living to parasitic stages and the modulation of host immune responses. despite the evidence that scp/taps proteins of parasitic nematodes are involved in host-parasite interactions, there is a paucity of information on this protein family for parasitic trematodes of socio-ec ...201222384000
exceptionally high prevalence of infection of bithynia siamensis goniomphalos with opisthorchis viverrini cercariae in different wetlands in thailand and lao pdr.the carcinogenic liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini, requires bithynia snail intermediate hosts in its life cycle. however, the prevalence of o. viverrini in snail intermediate hosts is typically low (< 1%). here, we examined b. siamensis goniomphalos from 48 localities in thailand and the lao people's democratic republic (lao pdr) and reported high-prevalence levels of o. viverrini. the highest-prevalence levels per locality were 6.93% (mean = 3.04%) in thailand and 8.37% (mean = 2.01%) in lao ...201222403318
ultrasonography as a tool for monitoring the development and progression of cholangiocarcinoma in opisthorchis viverrini/ dimethylnitrosamine-induced hamsters.cholangiocarcinoma (cca) is the most common cancer in northeastern thailand. at present, effective diagnosis of cca either in humans or animals is not available. monitoring the development and progression of cca in animal models is essential for research and development of new promising chemotherapeutics. ultrasonography has been widely used for screening of bile duct obstruction in cca patients. in this study, we preliminarily investigated the applicability of ultrasonography to monitor the dev ...201222502719
chromosomes and karyotype analysis of a liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini, by scanning electron microscopy.opisthorchis viverrini, a human liver fluke, has been categorized as the carcinogenic organism according to the strong association with carcinogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma (cca). the infection of this food-borne parasite is a major impact on the health of humans, especially cca patients in the northeast of thailand. taxonomy, morphology, epidemiology and molecular study of o. viverrini have been publicized increasingly but the precise karyotypic study is still incomplete. in this study, the chr ...201222504416
exome sequencing of liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma.opisthorchis viverrini-related cholangiocarcinoma (cca), a fatal bile duct cancer, is a major public health concern in areas endemic for this parasite. we report here whole-exome sequencing of eight o. viverrini-related tumors and matched normal tissue. we identified and validated 206 somatic mutations in 187 genes using sanger sequencing and selected 15 genes for mutation prevalence screening in an additional 46 individuals with cca (cases). in addition to the known cancer-related genes tp53 (m ...201222561520
elevated plasma il-6 associates with increased risk of advanced fibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma in individuals infected by opisthorchis viverrini.opisthorchis viverrini is considered among the most important of the food-borne trematodes due to its strong association with advanced periductal fibrosis and bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma). we investigated the relationship between plasma levels of interleukin (il)-6 and the risk of developing advanced fibrosis and bile duct cancer from chronic opisthorchis infection. we show that il-6 circulates in plasma at concentrations 58 times higher in individuals with advanced fibrosis than age, s ...201222629477
trematode infections: liver and lung flukes.food-borne trematodiases are an emerging public health problem in southeast asia and latin america and of growing importance for travel clinics in europe and north america. the disease is caused by chronic infections with liver, lung, and intestinal flukes. this article focuses on the most important liver and lung flukes that parasitize man, namely clonorchis sinensis, fasciola gigantica, fasciola hepatica, opisthorchis felineus, opisthorchis viverrini, and paragonimus spp. the article describes ...201222632646
severe morbidity due to opisthorchis viverrini and schistosoma mekongi infection in lao people's democratic republic.we assessed morbidity due to opisthorchis viverrini and schistosoma mekongi infections in 243 individuals in lao people's democratic republic. morbidity was associated with o. viverrini infection intensity. coinfection with s. mekongi resulted in excess risk of liver fibrosis and left liver lobe enlargement. the high public health impact of opisthorchiasis warrants control.201222670046
high prevalence of opisthorchis viverrini infection in a riparian population in takeo province, cambodia.opisthorchis viverrini infection was found to be highly prevalent in 3 riverside villages (ang svay chek a, b, and c) of the prey kabas district, takeo province. this area is located in the southern part of cambodia, where the recovery of adult o. viverrini worms was recently reported. from may 2006 until may 2010, fecal examinations were performed on a total of 1,799 villagers using the kato-katz thick smear technique. in the 3 villages, the overall positive rate for helminth eggs ranged from 5 ...201222711932
carcinogenic human liver fluke: current status of opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae in nakhon ratchasima, thailand.opisthorchis viverrini infection is a serious public-health problem in southeast asia. it is associated with a number of hepatobiliary diseases and the evidence strongly indicates that liver fluke infection is the etiology of cholangiocarcinoma.201222799311
efficacy of praziquantel against schistosoma mekongi and opisthorchis viverrini: a randomized, single-blinded dose-comparison trial.schistosomiasis and opisthorchiasis are of public health importance in southeast asia. praziquantel (pzq) is the drug of choice for morbidity control but few dose comparisons have been made.201222848766
immunosuppressive prednisolone enhances early cholangiocarcinoma in syrian hamsters with liver fluke infection and administration of n-nitrosodimethylamine.chronic infection with opisthorchis viverrini for many years has been associated with the development of hepatobiliary diseases including cholangiocarcinoma. it is well known that inflammation is a key component of the tumor microenvironment, and that chronic inflammation plays an important role in tumorigenesis. therefore, in this study cholangiocarcinogenesis was induced in syrian hamsters in order to observe the cancer-related inflammation. the syrian hamsters were divided into 5 groups: unin ...201322851165
opisthorchis viverrini and haplorchis taichui: development of a multiplex pcr assay for their detection and differentiation using specific primers derived from hat-rapd.specific primers for the detection of opisthorchis viverrini and haplorchis taichui were investigated by using the hat-rapd pcr method. fourteen arbitrary primers (operon technologies) were performed for the generation of polymorphic dna profiles. the results showed that a 319 bp fragment generated from the opa-04 primer was expected to be o. viverrini-specific while a 256 bp fragment generated from the opp-11 primer was considered to be h. taichui-specific. based on each sequence data, two pair ...201222874527
examining landscape determinants of opisthorchis viverrini transmission.liver fluke (opisthorchis viverrini, o.v.) infection, along with its associated cholangiocarcinoma, is a major public health problem in southeast asia. despite the vast amount of epidemiological research, human o.v. prevalence remains high and varies greatly across the region. this paper examines the landscape determinants that influence o.v. transmission in relation to the three hosts of its life cycle and identifies areas that require further research so as to advance the understanding of the ...201222890564
activity of tribendimidine and praziquantel combination therapy against the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini in vitro and in vivo.opisthorchiasis, caused by the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini, a food-borne trematode, is an important public health problem; however, only a single drug, praziquantel is available. we investigated tribendimidine-praziquantel combinations against o. viverrini in vitro and in vivo. the ic50 values of 0.16 μg/ml and 0.05 μg/ml were determined for praziquantel and tribendimidine, respectively, against adult o. viverrini in vitro. when o. viverrini was exposed to both drugs simultaneously (using ...201322892101
prkar1a overexpression is associated with increased ecpka autoantibody in liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma: application for assessment of the risk group.cholangiocarcinoma (cca) associated with opisthorchis viverrini (ov) chronic infection is the most frequent primary liver cancer in thailand, and current approaches to early diagnosis and curative treatments are largely disappointing. we hypothesize a role for protein kinase a (pka) in ov-induced cca. first, we studied the pka isozyme switching in the liver from the hamster cca model using quantitative (q) pcr, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical and western blot analysis. second, the ...201222922884
prevalence of opisthorchis viverrini infection in humans and fish in kratie province, cambodia.opisthorchis viverrini is a medically important foodborne parasite in the indochina peninsula. in cambodia, the prevalence of this trematode has been reported in takeo province, but not in other areas. in this study, we investigated the prevalence of o. viverrini infection among people in seven riparian villages along the mekong river, kratie province. we also examined the status of metacercarial infection in fish hosts. fecal specimens were collected from 2101 residents and schoolchildren, and ...201222935318
the tumorigenic liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini--multiple pathways to cancer.liver fluke infection caused by opisthorchis viverrini is a major public health problem in thailand and adjacent countries. in addition to infection-associated morbidity, infection with o. viverrini and the related clonorchis sinensis are unarguable risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma (caa, bile-duct cancer). here we review the pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis and the association between o. viverrini infection and bile-duct cancer, focusing on the molecular parallels between wound healing, chroni ...201222947297
proteomic identification of plasma protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha and fibronectin associated with liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini, infection.opisthorchiasis caused by opisthorchis viverrini induces periductal fibrosis via host immune/inflammatory responses. plasma protein alteration during host-parasite interaction-mediated inflammation may provide potential diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers. to search for target protein changes in o. viverrini-infected hamsters, a 1-d page gel band was trypsin-digested and analyzed by a lc-ms/ms-based proteomics approach in the plasma profile of infected hamsters, and applied to humans. sixty ...201223029023
diagnosis of early infection and post chemotherapeutic treatment by copro-dna detection in experimental opisthorchiasis.opisthorchis viverrini is considered as a carcinogenic parasite which is responsible for cholangiocarcinoma in southeast asia. effective treatment and control of the parasite to reduce the risk of cancer requires efficient diagnostic methods. because of the limitations involved in human studies, the present work is aimed at comparing diagnostic performance of copro-dna detection by pcr and fecal examination by formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (fect) during the course of o. viverrin ...201323052766
viable metacercariae of opisthorchis viverrini in northeastern thai cyprinid fish dishes--as part of a rational program for control of o. viverrini-associated cholangiocarcinoma.among the various types of chronic helminthic infections, only schistosomiasis hematobium, opisthorchiasis, and clonorchiasis in a long-standing inflammation are found to be causative agents of cancer. opisthorchiasis and opisthorchis viverrini-associated bile duct cancer are prevalent among the residents in northeastern thailand, who prefer consuming raw or improperly cooked cyprinid fish. although numerous studies have reported on the presence of o. viverrini metacercariae in freshwater cyprin ...201323052784
a hospital-based study of epidemiological and clinical data on blastocystis hominis infection.blastocystis hominis is a foodborne protozoan found in the human feces worldwide. one hundred and ninety-nine individuals with stool samples positive for b. hominis were identified from a pool of 14,325 patient stools collected between 2003 and 2010 from srinagarind hospital in thailand. the medical records of patients were reviewed for demographic and clinical data. of the 85 patients (42.7%) who had b. hominis infection with no co-infections, 42.5% experienced gastrointestinal symptoms. abdomi ...201223075461
risk factors for opisthorchis viverrini infection among schoolchildren in lao pdr.a matched-pair case-control study was conducted to identify factors associated with opisthorchis viverrini infection among primary schoolchildren to develop preventive education. a house-to-house interview of the guardians of 118 children (59 cases and 59 controls) was conducted to collect information about theirs and their children's fish eating habits of 10 locally available fish species. the guardians' knowledge and attitudes about opisthorchis viverrini infection and socio-economic status we ...201223077836
centrocestus formosanus (heterophyidae): human infections and the infection source in lao pdr.in lao people's democratic republic (pdr), we detected 7 patients infected with centrocestus formosanus (1-122 adult specimens) after praziquantel treatment and purgation, together with several other trematode species including opisthorchis viverrini and haplorchis taichui. the patients were all men, 23-42 yr-of-age. three subjects were from vientiane municipality and 1 each were from khammouane, saravane, champassak, and xiengkhouang province. the patients had frequently eaten raw freshwater fi ...201323116489
species-specific primers designed from rapd products for bithynia funiculata, the first intermediate host of liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini, in north thailand.bithynia funiculata is the first intermediate host of the human liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini in northern thailand but its identification through morphological analysis is often problematic due to the shortage of gastropod taxonomists. as a consequence, we focused on the development of species-specific primers for use as an identification tool. our work involved recovery of a 502-base pair (bp) amplicon of unknown function through species-specific primers whose effectiveness was tested by a ...201323157281
[role of infectious agents in the emergence of malignant tumors].according to the data of the international agency for research on cancer (iarc), at least 6 virus species (hpv, ebv, hhv-8/kshv, htlv-1, hbv, hcv), 4 helminthes species (schistosoma haematobium and japonicum, opisthorchis viverrini, clonorchis sinensis) and i bacterium species (helicobacter pylori) have been proved to be capable of causing the development of cancer. the analysis of the data available shows that merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv), herpes simplex virus (hsv), john cunningham polyomavi ...201223163048
production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against recombinant saposin-like protein 2 of fasciola gigantica.a monoclonal antibody (moab) against recombinant fasciola gigantica saposin-like protein 2 (rfgsap-2) was produced by hybridoma technique using spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with rfgsap-2. this moab is an igg1, κ light chain isotype. by immunoblotting and indirect elisa, the moab reacted specifically with rfgsap-2, the natural fgsap-2 at 10kda in whole body (wb) and excretory-secretory (es) fractions of f. gigantica. it did not cross react with antigens in wb fractions from other paras ...201323164839
population genetic structuring in opisthorchis viverrini over various spatial scales in thailand and lao pdr.khon kaen province in northeast thailand is known as a hot spot for opisthorchiasis in southeast asia. preliminary allozyme and mitochondrial dna haplotype data from within one endemic district in this province (ban phai), indicated substantial genetic variability within opisthorchis viverrini. here, we used microsatellite dna analyses to examine the genetic diversity and population structure of o. viverrini from four geographically close localities in khon kaen province. genotyping based on 12 ...201223166853
community-based cross-sectional study of carcinogenic human liver fluke in elderly from surin province, thailand.opisthorchis viverrini infection is a serious public-health problem in southeast asia. it is associated with a number of hepatobiliary diseases and the evidence strongly indicates that liver fluke infection is the etiology of cholangiocarcinoma.201223167329
stage-specific expression and antigenicity of glycoprotein glycans isolated from the human liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini.infection by opisthorchis viverrini (liver fluke) is a major public health problem in southeastern asia, resulting in hepatobiliary disease and cholangiocarcinoma. fluke surface glycoconjugates are prominently presented to the host, thereby constituting a crucial immunological interface that can determine the parasite's success in establishing infection. therefore, n- and o-linked glycoprotein glycan profiles of the infective metacercarial stage and of the mature adult were investigated by nanos ...201323174105
α-tocopherol and lipid profiles in plasma and the expression of α-tocopherol-related molecules in the liver of opisthorchis viverrini-infected hamsters.opisthorchis viverrini infection induces inflammation-mediated oxidative stress and liver injury, which may alter α-tocopherol and lipid metabolism. we investigated plasma α-tocopherol and lipid profiles in hamsters infected with o. viverrini. levels of α-tocopherol, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein increased in the acute phase of infection. in the chronic phase, α-tocopherol decreased, while triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein increased. notably, high-density lipoprotein decre ...201323178928
oxidized alpha-1 antitrypsin as a predictive risk marker of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma.the oxidized alpha-1 antitrypsin (ox-a1at) is one modified form of a1at, generated via oxidation at its active site by free radicals released from inflammatory cells which subsequently are unable to inhibit protease enzymes. the presence of ox-a1at in human serum has been used as oxidative stress indicator in many diseases. as oxidative/nitrative damage is one major contributor in opisthorchiasis-driven cholangiocarcinogenesis, we determined a1at and ox-a1at expression in human cholangiocarcinom ...201323188705
molecular changes in opisthorchis viverrini (southeast asian liver fluke) during the transition from the juvenile to the adult stage.the southeast asian liver fluke (opisthorchis viverrini) chronically infects and affects tens of millions of people in regions of asia, leading to chronic illness and, importantly, inducing malignant cancer (= cholangiocarcinoma). in spite of this, little is known, at the molecular level, about the parasite itself, its interplay with its hosts or the mechanisms of disease and/or carcinogenesis.201223209858
molecular characterization of a tetraspanin from the human liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini.the human liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini, is designated as a group 1 carcinogen, and is the major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma in endemic countries throughout southeast asia. proteins in the excretory-secretory products and tegumental surface membranes of the fluke have been proposed to play pivotal roles in parasite survival in the host, and subsequent pathogenesis. these macromolecules are therefore valid targets for the development of vaccines and new drugs to control the infection ...201223236532
prevalence of opisthorchis viverrini infection in nakhon ratchasima province, northeast thailand.opisthorchis viverrini infection is a serious public-health problem in southeast asia especially in lao pdr and thailand. it is associated with a number of hepatobiliary diseases and the evidence strongly indicates that liver fluke infection is the major etiology of cholangiocarcinoma.201223244144
opisthorchis viverrini: implications of the systematics of first intermediate hosts, bithynia snail species in thailand and lao pdr.bithynia snails are important hosts of the human liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini. allozyme markers were used to examine genetic variation and the systematics of bithynia snails from different geographical localities in thailand and lao pdr. our results show that bithynia siamensis goniomphalos contains two major evolutionary clades with at least nine morphologically similar but genetically distinct "cryptic" species (taxa). clade a consists of snails from the chi and the mun river wetlands, ...201323305887
a cross-sectional study on the potential transmission of the carcinogenic liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini and other fishborne zoonotic trematodes by aquaculture fish.throughout southeast asia and china, eating raw and or partially cooked cyprinid fish causes liver (hepatobiliary) disease and cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) due to fishborne zoonotic trematodes (fzt), in particular clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchis viverrini. the primary source of transmission is by native fish, but aquaculture fish are also reported to have high infective potential. here, a cross-sectional survey of fzt in fish farms was conducted in an endemic area in khon kaen province, thai ...201323320421
advances with the chinese anthelminthic drug tribendimidine in clinical trials and laboratory investigations.the anthelminthic drug tribendimidine has been approved by chinese authorities for human use in 2004, and a first comprehensive review was published in acta tropica in 2005. here, we summarise further advances made through additional clinical trials and laboratory investigations. two phase iv trials have been conducted in the people's republic of china, the first one enrolling 1292 adolescents and adults aged 15-70 years and the second one conducted with 899 children aged 4-14 years who were inf ...201323352956
human contact influences the foraging behaviour and parasite community in long-tailed macaques.human–wildlife interactions have reached unprecedented levels, and humans are influencing the earth’s ecosystems more rapidly and extensively than ever before. this situation is cause for serious concern, especially since disease interactions between wildlife and humans have been recognized as major conservation threats. in this study, long-tailed macaques, macaca fascicularis, from 2 forest parks located in north-eastern thailand were investigated to determine the influence of habitat modificat ...201323363557
proteomic analysis to identify plasma orosomucoid 2 and kinesin 18a as potential biomarkers of cholangiocarcinoma.proteomic analysis was performed to search for the diagnostic biomarkers of the early stage of cholangiocarcinoma (cca). for this purpose, cca was experimentally induced in hamsters by the combination of n-nitrosodimethylamine (ndma) treatment and opisthorchis viverrini (ov) infection. pooled plasma of normal control, ndma-treated, ov-infected and ov+ndma (on) treated group was separated by 1-d page, and the trypsin-digested bands were analyzed with lc-ms/ms. among 82 overexpressed proteins, the ...201223396253
[opisthorchiasis: tradition and innovation].the purpose of the review: present new data on the causative agent, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of opisthorchiasis.201223402155
overexpression of microrna-21 regulating pdcd4 during tumorigenesis of liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma contributes to tumor growth and metastasis.microrna, an endogenous noncoding rna modulating gene expression, is a key molecule that by its dysregulation plays roles in inflammatory-driven carcinogenesis. this study aimed to investigate the role of oncomir mir-21 and its target, the programmed cell death 4 (pdcd4) in tumor growth and metastasis of the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini-associated cholangiocarcinoma (cca). the expression levels of mir-21 and pdcd4 were analyzed using the taqman mirna expression assay and immunohistochemist ...201323417858
alcohol and alkalosis enhance excystation of opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae.the northeastern region of thailand has long been known as an endemic area of the human liver fluke infection which is caused by opisthorchis viverrini. humans are infected by ingestion of uncooked cyprinoid fish in traditional dishes such as "koi-pla," "pla-som," "pla-jom," and "pla-ra." to date, the prevalence of this parasite infection remains high because of cultural behavior and local beliefs. the popular misunderstanding among people in this area is that alcohol, lemon juice, and fish sauc ...201323460293
prevalence and co-infection of intestinal parasites among thai rural residents at high-risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma: a cross-sectional study in a prospective cohort study.intestinal parasitic infections (ipis) are still important to the health of thai rural residents. ipis are the cause of many chronic diseases with, for example, opisthorchiasis resulting in progression to cholangiocarcinoma (cca). this cross-sectional study in a prospective cohort study aimed to examine the prevalence and co- infection of intestinal parasites among northeastern thai rural residents, recruited into the khon kaen cohort study (kkcs), and who were residing in areas of high-risk for ...201223464426
fishborne trematode metacercariae in luang prabang, khammouane, and saravane province, lao pdr.fishborne trematode (fbt) metacercariae were investigated in fish from 3 provinces of lao pdr. total 242 freshwater fish of 40 species were collected in local markets of luang prabang (59 fish of 16 species), khammouane (81 fish of 19 species), and saravane (97 fish of 14 species), and each of them was examined by artificial digestion method. four species of metacercariae (opisthorchis viverrini, haplorchis taichui, haplorchis yokogawai, and centrocestus formosanus) were detected. o. viverrini w ...201323467784
impaired antioxidant enzyme activity and increased dna repair enzyme expression in hamster liver tissues related to cholangiocarcinoma development.a possible mechanism of liver fluke (opisthorchis viverrini; ov) -associated cholangiocarcinoma (cca) genesis may be imbalance in responses of antioxidant enzymes and/or dna repair enzymes which are the consequence of oxidative/nitrative stress, arising from inflammatory processes. this study aimed to investigate changes in the expression patterns of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase 2 (sod2) and catalase (cat), as well as their activities in ov-associated hamster cca tissues. ...201223480773
gene expression profiling of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (icc) is ranked as one of the top five causes of cancer-related deaths. icc in thai patients is associated with infection with the liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini, but the molecular basis for development remains unclear. the present study employed a microarray approach to compare gene expression profiles of iccs and normal liver tissues from the same patients residing in northeast thailand, a region with a high prevalence of liver fluke infection. in icc sampl ...201323534794
diagnosis of fasciola gigantica infection using a monoclonal antibody-based sandwich elisa for detection of circulating cathepsin b3 protease.a reliable monoclonal antibody (moab)-based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (sandwich elisa) was developed for the detection of circulating cathepsin b3 protease (catb3) in the sera from mice experimentally infected with fasciola gigantica and cattle naturally infected with the same parasite. the moab 2f9 and biotinylated rabbit polyclonal anti-recombinant catb3 antibody were selected due to their high reactivities and specificities to f. gigantica catb3 antigen based on indirect elis ...201323567552
mechanisms of oxysterol-induced disease: insights from the biliary system.oxysterols are oxidized species of cholesterol that are derived from exogenous (e.g. dietary) and endogenous (in vivo) sources. oxysterols play critical roles in normal physiologic functions as well as in pathophysiologic processes in a variety of organ systems. this review provides an overview of oxysterol biology from the vantage point of the biliary system. several oxysterols have been identified in human bile in the context of biliary tract infection and inflammation. this finding has led to ...201223630545
tumor-related gene changes in immunosuppressive syrian hamster cholangiocarcinoma.the results of a previous study demonstrated that prednisolone enhanced cholangiocarcinogenesis. therefore, to clarify molecular changes during immunosuppressive cholangiocarcinogenesis, syrian hamsters were divided into 8 groups: uninfected controls; immunosuppressed syrian hamsters using prednisolone (p); normal syrian hamsters administered n-nitrosodimethylamine (nd); immunosuppressed syrian hamsters administered n-nitrosodimethylamine (ndis); normal syrian hamsters infected with opisthorchis ...201323645518
annexin a1: a new immunohistological marker of cholangiocarcinoma.to evaluate a new immunohistological marker, annexin a1 (anxa1), in cholangiocarcinoma (cca) and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc).201323674846
use of black carp (mylopharyngodon piceus) in biological control of intermediate host snails of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes in nursery ponds in the red river delta, vietnam.the risks of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (fzt) to human health constitute an important problem in vietnam. the infection of humans with these trematodes, such as small liver trematodes (clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchis viverrini), intestinal trematodes (heterophyidae) and others is often thought to be linked to fish culture in areas where the habit of eating raw fish is common. juvenile fish produced in nurseries are often heavily infected with fzt and since fishes are sold to aquaculture ...201323680382
microproteinuria during opisthorchis viverrini infection: a biomarker for advanced renal and hepatobiliary pathologies from chronic opisthorchiasis.approximately 680 million people are at risk of infection with opisthorchis viverrini (ov) and clonorchis sinensis, with an estimated 10 million infected with ov in southeast asia alone. while opisthorchiasis is associated with hepatobiliary pathologies, such as advanced periductal fibrosis (apf) and cholangiocarcinoma (cca), animal models of ov infection show that immune-complex glomerulonephritis is an important renal pathology that develops simultaneously with hepatobiliary pathologies. a car ...201323717698
timps of parasitic helminths - a large-scale analysis of high-throughput sequence datasets.tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (timps) are a multifunctional family of proteins that orchestrate extracellular matrix turnover, tissue remodelling and other cellular processes. in parasitic helminths, such as hookworms, timps have been proposed to play key roles in the host-parasite interplay, including invasion of and establishment in the vertebrate animal hosts. currently, knowledge of helminth timps is limited to a small number of studies on canine hookworms, whereas no information is ...201323721526
opisthorchis viverrini-like liver fluke in birds from vietnam: morphological variability and rdna/mtdna sequence confirmation.flukes were found in the bile ducts of domestic ducks (anas platyrhynchos), necropsied in the binh dinh province of central vietnam. following staining, morphological characteristics of the bird flukes were compatible with opisthorchis viverrini, although some characteristics differed from those described in specimens collected from mammal hosts. computation of the phylogenetic trees on the partial sequences of the second internal ribosomal spacer (its2) of the ribosomal dna and cytochrome c oxi ...201423721954
melatonin inhibits cholangiocarcinoma and reduces liver injury in opisthorchis viverrini-infected and n-nitrosodimethylamine-treated hamsters.the human liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini infection and n-nitrosodimethylamine (ndma) administration induce cholangiocarcinoma (cca) and liver injury in hamsters. melatonin protects against liver injury and reduces the alteration of mitochondrial structure, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial pro- and anti-apoptotic pathways in various cancer types. to investigate the chemopreventive effect of melatonin on cca genesis and liver injury, hamsters were treated with a combination ...201323772655
a follow-up study of opisthorchis viverrini infection after the implementation of control program in a rural community, central thailand.opisthorchis viverrini infection is still one of the public health problems in thailand. our recent cohort study conducted in a rural community in central thailand showed that the incidence rate of o. viverrini infection in 2002-2004 was 21.6/100 person-years. conventional control activities including case diagnosis and treatment, hygienic defecation promotion and health education focusing on avoiding raw fish consumption was implemented. this study aimed to re-assess the status of infection aft ...201323786863
infection with opisthorchis viverrini and use of praziquantel among a working-age population in northeast thailand.infection with opisthorchis viverrini (ov) due to eating certain traditional freshwater fish dishes is the principal risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma in northeast thailand where the infection is endemic and the incidence of this form of primary liver cancer has been the highest in the world. this paper is the second report of a prospective research project to monitor the impacts of a national liver fluke control programme in a rural community of northeast thailand. a sample of 684 villagers ag ...201323803062
does a combination of opisthorchiasis and ethyl alcohol consumption enhance early cholangiofibrosis, the risk of cholangiocarcinoma?combination of opisthorchis viverrini infection and other factors could drive cholangiocarcinoma (cca) development in southeast asia. however, other cca factors are obscure. alcohol consumption is well known in the risk for several cancers, but there is no report in cca development. therefore, the present study was to clarify whether drinking alcohol increases the liver pathology of opisthorchis viverrini (ov) infection which may be the cca risk. experimental syrian hamsters were divided into tw ...201323807659
hyperendemicity of haplorchis taichui infection among riparian people in saravane and champasak province, lao pdr.in this study, we found that haplorchis taichui, a heterophyid intestinal fluke, is highly prevalent, with heavy worm loads, among riparian people in saravane and champasak province, lao pdr. fecal specimens were collected from 1,460 people (717 men and 743 women) in 12 riparian (mekong river) districts and were examined by the kato-katz fecal smear technique. the overall helminth egg positive rate was 78.8% and 66.4% in saravane and champasak province, respectively. the positive rate for small ...201323864741
mri and (1)h mrs evaluation for the serial bile duct changes in hamsters after infection with opisthorchis viverrini.a 3t mr scanner was used to investigate the relationship between the alteration of bile duct lesions and the hepatic metabolic changes in hamsters infected with opisthorchis viverrini by using 3t mri and (1)h mr spectroscopy. animals were divided into control and infected groups. five normal hamsters were used as control; fifty-five hamsters were infected with o. viverrini to induce bile duct lesions and hepatic metabolic changes. t2-weighted image sequence in three orthogonal planes were conduc ...201323891436
adult opisthorchis felineus major protein fractions deduced from transcripts: comparison with liver flukes opisthorchis viverrini and clonorchis sinensis.the epidemiologically important liver flukes opisthorchis felineus, opisthorchis viverrini, and clonorchis sinensis are of interest to health professionals, epidemiologists, pharmacologists, and molecular biologists. recently the transcriptomes of the latter two species were intensively investigated. however our knowledge on molecular biology of o. felineus is scarce. we report the first results of the o. felineus transcriptome analysis. we isolated and annotated a total of 2560 expressed sequen ...201323891942
risk factors and classifications of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary malignant tumor of the liver. perihilar cholangiocarcinoma or klatskin tumor represents more than 50% of all biliary tract cholangiocarcinomas. a wide range of risk factors have been identified among patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma including advanced age, male gender, primary sclerosing cholangitis, choledochal cysts, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, parasitic infection (opisthorchis viverrini and clonorchis sinensis), inflammatory bo ...201323919107
infection with the carcinogenic liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini modifies intestinal and biliary microbiome.opisthorchis viverrini is a fish-borne trematode endemic in east asia. following ingestion, the flukes locate to the biliary tre where chronic infection frequently leads to cholangiocarcinoma (cca). the mechanisms by which o. viverrini infection culminates in cca remain unknown. an unexplored aspect is its influence on the host microbiome. in the hamster, infection with this pathogen reliably leads to cca. genomic dnas of microbiota from colorectal contents and bile of hamsters and from whole o. ...201323925654
anti-apoptotic phenotypes of cholestan-3β,5α,6β-triol-resistant human cholangiocytes: characteristics contributing to the genesis of cholangiocarcinoma.the oxysterols cholestan-3β,5α,6β-triol (triol) and 3-keto-cholest-4-ene (3k4) are increased in opisthorchis viverrini-associated hamster cholangiocarcinoma and induce dna damage and apoptosis via a mitochondria-dependent mechanism in mmnk-1 human cholangiocytes. based on these observations, we hypothesized that chronic exposure of cholangiocytes to these pathogenic oxysterols may allow a growth advantage to a subset of these cells through selection for resistance to apoptosis, thereby contribut ...201323959098
carcinogenic liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini oxysterols detected by lc-ms/ms survey of soluble fraction parasite extract.liquid chromatography in tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) has emerged as an informative tool to investigate oxysterols (oxidized derivatives of cholesterol) in helminth parasite associated cancers. here, we used lc-ms/ms to investigate in soluble extracts of the adult developmental stage of opisthorchis viverrini from experimentally infected hamsters. using comparisons with known bile acids and the metabolites of estrogens, the lc-ms data indicated the existence of novel oxysterol derivatives ...201323973383
the zoonotic, fish-borne liver flukes clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis felineus and opisthorchis viverrini.clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis felineus and opisthorchis viverrini are the three most important liver flukes involved in human health, infecting more than 45 million people worldwide. both c. sinensis and o. viverrini, and possibly o. felineus, can induce human cholangiocarcinoma as well as inducing other hepatobiliary pathology. although the life cycles of all three species are similar, only that of o. felineus in europe remains predominantly zoonotic, while o. felineus in asia and c. sinens ...201323978669
global status of fish-borne zoonotic trematodiasis in humans.fishborne zoonotic trematodes (fzt), infecting humans and mammals worldwide, are reviewed and options for control discussed. fifty nine species belonging to 4 families, i.e. opisthorchiidae (12 species), echinostomatidae (10 species), heterophyidae (36 species) and nanophyetidae (1 species) are listed. some trematodes, which are highly pathogenic for humans such as clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis viverrini, o. felineus are discussed in detail, i.e. infection status in humans in endemic areas, ...201323990419
increase of exostosin 1 in plasma as a potential biomarker for opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma.a proteomic-based approach was used to search for potential markers in the plasma of hamsters in which cholangiocarcinoma (cca) was induced by opisthorchis viverrini infection and n-nitrosodimethylamine treatment. the plasma proteins of cca-induced hamsters were resolved by 1-d page, digested by trypsin, and analyzed by lc-ms/ms. from the criteria of protein id scores >15 and an overexpression of at least three times across all time points, 37 proteins were selected. these overexpressed proteins ...201424018821
combined effects of polymorphisms of dna-repair protein genes and metabolic enzyme genes on the risk of cholangiocarcinoma.although opisthorchis viverrini is a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma, not all the infected individuals develop cholangiocarcinoma. we investigated whether the base excision repair enzyme gene polymorphisms with differentiated repair capacities of inflammation-related deoxyribonucleic acid damage may play a key role and such possible effects from those genes may be increased or diminished in co-existence of polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes, including glutathione-s-transferases mu 1 and gluta ...201324049014
improved performance and quantitative detection of copro-antigens by a monoclonal antibody based elisa to diagnose human opisthorchiasis.copro-antigen detection has been advocated as a promising method for diagnosis of opisthorchiasis, particularly in people that harbored light infection or have had recent drug treatment. this study aimed to improve performance of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (mab-elisa) for detection of opisthorchis viverrini copro-antigen and assess the correlation between copro-antigen and intensity of infection. four different treatment methods of 71 samples from the lawa ende ...201324055716
a combination of praziquantel and the traditional medicinal plant thunbergia laurifolia on opisthorchis viverrini infection and cholangiocarcinoma in a hamster model.cholangiocarcinoma (cca) associated by opisthorchis viverrini remains a health problem in southeast asia including thailand. at present, there is still no efficient treatment for cca. thunbergia laurifolia is a traditionally used medicinal plant; its aqueous leave extract possesses the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory on hamster opisthorchiasis had been reported previously. here, we demonstrate the combined effects of the t. laurifolia extract plus antihelminthic drug, praziquantel (pz ...201324057695
milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 serves a novel biomarker of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma.milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (mfg-e8) is a pleiotropic secreted glycoprotein to play roles in mediating immune tolerance and homeostasis maintenance and enhancing angiogenesis. to evaluate its value as a biomarker in opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma (cca), the present study investigated mfg-e8 expression kinetics during the tumorigenesis in opisthorchis viverrini infection-induced cca, and demonstrated its expression in the tumor tissues of cca patients and its serum l ...201424122204
is opisthorchis viverrini an avian liver fluke?recently, in the journal of helminthology (may 2013), dao et al. reported that opisthorchis viverrini-like flukes were found in the bile duct of domestic ducks in vietnam. they stated that this is the first record of opisthorchis sp. in birds in vietnam. however, three opisthorchis species--o. cheelis, o. longissimus and o. parageminus--in birds in vietnam were described by le in 2000. amongst these, o. parageminus was first reported, by oshmarin in 1970, as a new opisthorchis species found in d ...201524160690
response to manuscript 'is opisthorchis viverrini an avian liver fluke?'. 201524160764
temperature dependence of opisthorchis viverrini infection in first intermediate host snail, bithynia siamensis goniomphalos.determining of the success of a parasite's infectiveness in its snail host clearly depends on environmental conditions. temperature, one of the most influential factors impinging on metabolism of cold-blooded animals, is believed to be an important factor in parasitic infection in snails. in order to elucidate the influence of temperature, sex and size of snails on infectivity of opisthorchis viverrini to its first intermediate host, bithynia siamensis goniomphalos, 960 snails were divided into ...201524161535
exome sequencing identifies distinct mutational patterns in liver fluke-related and non-infection-related bile duct cancers.the impact of different carcinogenic exposures on the specific patterns of somatic mutation in human tumors remains unclear. to address this issue, we profiled 209 cholangiocarcinomas (ccas) from asia and europe, including 108 cases caused by infection with the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini and 101 cases caused by non-o. viverrini-related etiologies. whole-exome sequencing (n = 15) and prevalence screening (n = 194) identified recurrent somatic mutations in bap1 and arid1a, neither of which ...201324185513
dna barcode identification of freshwater snails in the family bithyniidae from thailand.freshwater snails in the family bithyniidae are the first intermediate host for southeast asian liver fluke (opisthorchis viverrini), the causative agent of opisthorchiasis. unfortunately, the subtle morphological characters that differentiate species in this group are not easily discerned by non-specialists. this is a serious matter because the identification of bithyniid species is a fundamental prerequisite for better understanding of the epidemiology of this disease. because dna barcoding, t ...201324223896
environmental determinants of opisthorchis viverrini prevalence in northeast thailand.opisthorchis viverrini infection is an important, human, parasitic disease along the middle and lower mekong river of southeast asia. despite vast efforts in epidemiological research, the wide geographical variation in o. viverrini prevalence remains unexplained. to investigate the potential influence of village location, prevalence data recorded during the year 2009 for 90 villages in northeast thailand were analysed by a geographical information systems approach based on a digital elevation mo ...201324258888
sex differences in opisthorchiosis and the development of cholangiocarcinoma in syrian hamster model.worldwide, the highest incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (cca) is found in northeast thailand, the endemic area of opisthorchis viverrini infection. cumulated clinical data revealed that the majority of cca patients are men. however, many other types of cancers are more commonly found in women. in this study, we investigated the sex differences in the development of cca, induced by o. viverrini infection and n-nitrosodimethylamine administration, in syrian hamsters. histopathology, liver function ...201424318666
histopathological changes in tissues of bithynia siamensis goniomphalos incubated in crude extracts of camellia seed and mangosteen pericarp.the present study was performed to observe histopathological changes in tissues of bithynia siamensis goniomphalos (gastropoda, bithyniidae) incubated in crude extract solutions of camellia (camellia oleifera) seed and mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) pericarp, and furthermore to estimate the molluscicidal effects of 2 plant substances. substantial numbers of bithyniid snails were incubated in various concentrations of 2 plant solution for 24 hr. as the positive control, snails incubated in vari ...201324327779
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