Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [comparative study of the membrane and cytoplasmic antigens of 2 species of leishmania (trypanosomatidae, leishmania)]. | 1986 | 2429168 | |
| [preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against leishmania donovani]. | 1986 | 2431807 | |
| detection of microtubules of the flagellate trichomonas vaginalis by monoclonal antibodies specific for beta-tubulin. | monoclonal antibodies specific for mammalian beta-tubulin recognized the microtubule cytoskeleton of the flagellated protozoon trichomonas vaginalis. of seven antibodies, two demonstrated the axostyle, costa, recurrent flagellum, and anterior flagella by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. the remaining five stained a hazy reticular pattern in the cytoplasm of formaldehydefixed, detergent-extracted organisms. western immunoblots of whole t. vaginalis extracts treated with protease inhibitors ... | 1986 | 2432269 |
| effect of hydroxyethyl starch (hes) in reducing parasite load in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | leishmania donovani primarily infects phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system. hydroxyethyl starch (hes) has been shown to concentrate transiently in these organs. the effect of hes administration was assessed upon infection and also upon vaccination against this parasite. animals received hes intraperitoneally thrice weekly, either alone (hes) or with a subcutaneous immunization protocol utilizing aluminum hydroxide and killed parasites (alp-hes). controls were untreated (nt) or rece ... | 1986 | 2432827 |
| parasite-accessory cell interactions in murine leishmaniasis. ii. leishmania donovani suppresses macrophage expression of class i and class ii major histocompatibility complex gene products. | in the present study, we examined the modulation of mhc class ii and class i gene products on balb/c macrophages infected with the obligate intracellular protozoan leishmania donovani. our findings indicated that this organism suppressed macrophage expression of both classes of mhc antigens. these effects varied somewhat, depending on whether cells were in the basal state or were stimulated with interferon-gamma. thus, class ii density on interferon-gamma-treated infected macrophages was suppres ... | 1987 | 2434567 |
| dna synthesis in promastigotes of leishmania major and l. donovani. | the requirement of protozoan parasites for pre-formed purines affords the opportunity for quantitation of nucleic acid synthesis from incorporation of radioactively labeled purines into dna and rna. we have developed rapid and simple assays to quantitate dna and rna synthesis in promastigotes of leishmania major and l. donovani from the incorporation of [3h]hypoxanthine. dna but not rna synthesis in l. major or l. donovani promastigotes was inhibited by aphidicolin (50% inhibition by 0.2-0.3 mic ... | 1987 | 2437451 |
| trypsin-treated and coomassie blue-stained epimastigote antigen in a microagglutination test for chagas' disease. | a microagglutination test using trypsin-treated and coomassie blue-stained trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote antigen was adapted for the diagnosis of chagas' disease. when incorporated in the test, 2-mercaptoethanol treatment of chagasic sera had no influence on antibody titer. in contrast, titers in sera from patients with visceral leishmaniasis, african trypanosomiasis, and autoimmune disorders, subjected to similar treatment, showed remarkable decline. accordingly, a lower cut-off point for chag ... | 1987 | 2440329 |
| characterization of rna from leishmania tropica and leishmania d.donovani promastigotes. | rna has been prepared from promastigotes of leishmania tropica and leishmania d.donovani using three different methods. extraction by hot phenol/isothiocyanate gave the best quantitative and qualitative results. the analysis of total rna on methyl mercuric agarose gels shows that the large rrna species is nicked: it is composed of a 630 and a 560 kda molecule. the small rrna species has a molecular weight of 800,000. poly(a+) rna can be translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. the newl ... | 1987 | 2441255 |
| human visceral leishmaniasis: analysis of the specificity of humoral immune response to polypeptides of leishmania donovani chagasi. | soluble antigens from leishmania donovani chagasi were studied in terms of their ability to react with sera from human visceral leishmaniasis. thirty-six polypeptides, with molecular weights ranging from 14,400 to 123,000 were demonstrated by western blot analysis. an extensive cross-reactivity with sera from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis and chagas' disease also was observed. two polypeptides (mr 119,000 and 123,000) reacted with all the sera from visceral leishmaniasis patients. when t ... | 1987 | 2444121 |
| urea stibamine: an improved method of preparation and its antileishmanial activity. | an improved method for preparation of urea stibamine was developed. the crude p-acetylaminophenyl stibonic acid (ii) prepared was purified by dissolving it in na2co3 solution, whererin acid (ii) dissolved leaving behind the impurities. acid (ii) was directly combined with urea without hydrolyzing the acetyl group to give urea stibamine. biological activity of the drug in vitro as well as in vivo was also studied. the drug had no inhibitory effect on growth, respiration, incorporation of radiolab ... | 1987 | 2444239 |
| detection of leishmania donovani soluble antigen and antibody in the urine of visceral leishmaniasis patients. | urine samples from 21 patients with visceral leishmaniasis were examined for the presence of leishmania donovani soluble antigen and antibody by double counter-current immunoelectrophoresis. 19 samples revealed both antigen and antibody (igm in 5 and igg in all samples). 2 urine samples collected 10 and 13 days after glucantime treatment revealed only antibody (igg), not soluble antigen. | 1987 | 2451331 |
| ubiquitin genes in trypanosomatidae. | a ubiquitin encoding cdna from trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan cause of chagas' disease, was isolated by immunoscreening a lambda gt11 expression library with serum from a mouse chronically infected with this parasite. the cdna encodes a precursor protein consisting of four tandem repeats of ubiquitin differing from that of saccharomyces cerevisiae in four positions, followed by an unrelated 52-amino acid tail containing a putative metal and nucleic acid binding domain. southern and northern bl ... | 1988 | 2457589 |
| persistence of elevated levels of galactosyl-alpha(1-3)galactose antibodies in sera from patients cured of visceral leishmaniasis. | using rabbit erythrocyte-derived neutral glycosphingolipids enriched for a ceramide pentasaccharide as the antigen, we detected elevated anti-galactosyl-alpha(1-3)galactose (anti-g alpha g) antibody levels in 76% of children with active visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar [ka]) and in 42% of clinically cured patients with ka who had been treated about 5 years previously with meglumine antimonate (30 mg/kg in a series of 15 daily injections). the long-term persistence of elevated g alpha g antibodi ... | 1988 | 2460498 |
| leishmania donovani: identification of glycoproteins released by promastigotes during growth in vitro. | culture supernatants of metabolically labeled leishmania donovani promastigotes were shown to contain approximately 40 electrophoretically distinct released protein compounds. of these, approximately 20 were glycoproteins which contained terminal mannose residues, as judged by their specific binding to concanavalin a-agarose beads. smaller subsets of the released glycoproteins were bound by agarose-conjugated lens culinaris, ricinus communis, and peanut lectins. promastigote mannose-containing r ... | 1988 | 2461315 |
| a tandem pair of leishmania donovani cation transporting atpase genes encode isoforms that are differentially expressed. | the second gene (atpase 1b) of a tandem pair of cation transporting atpases from leishmania donovani was cloned and sequenced. the sequence of this gene was very similar to its upstream neighbor (atpase 1a). both genes contained a 2922 base open reading frame capable of encoding a protein of 974 amino acids. the genes differed at 34 nucleotide base positions, predicting 20 amino acid differences between the two peptides. these changes were clustered at the carboxy terminus with 15 changes occurr ... | 1989 | 2469011 |
| hybrid molecules: growth inhibition of leishmania donovani promastigotes by thiosemicarbazones of 3-carboxy-beta-carbolines. | the thiosemicarbazones of beta-carboline-3-carboxaldehyde (compound 2) and 3-acetyl-beta-carboline (compound 3) were found to effectively inhibit the in vitro growth of the promastigote form of leishmania donovani, 50% inhibition being obtained at concentrations of 5.0 and 2.5 microm, respectively, while irreversible growth inhibition was achieved at 40 (compound 2) and 17.5 microm (compound 3). the thiosemicarbazone of pyridine-2-carboxyaldehyde (compound 4) was considerably less active while b ... | 1989 | 2470903 |
| the immunochemical structure and surface arrangement of leishmania donovani lipophosphoglycan determined using monoclonal antibodies. | using intact leishmania donovani promastigotes or purified l. donovani lipophosphoglycan (lpg) as immunogens, we have derived four lpg-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs). two of these mabs recognize an epitope consisting of the repeating phosphorylated galactose beta-1,4-mannose disaccharide portion of the molecule and cross-reacted with lpg from leishmania major. these mabs bound to the surface of living promastigotes of both species. the two other mabs bound to the phosphosaccharide core st ... | 1989 | 2475775 |
| identification of antigens recognized by t cells in human leishmaniasis: analysis of t-cell clones by immunoblotting. | immunity in human leishmaniasis is mediated by sensitized t lymphocytes; however, the antigens involved in eliciting this immunity have not been defined. we describe the generation of human t-lymphocyte clones derived from two patients with healed leishmaniasis. by use of one- and two-dimensional cellular immunoblotting techniques, we directly identified the parasite antigens recognized by these clones. to our knowledge, these are the first leishmanial antigens identified to which cd4+, gamma in ... | 1989 | 2476395 |
| purine deoxynucleoside salvage in giardia lamblia. | giardia lamblia is dependent on the salvage of preformed purines and pyrimidines, including deoxythymidine. dependence on deoxynucleoside salvage is extremely unusual among eucaryotic cells (moore, e. c., and hurlbert, r. b. (1985) pharmacol & ther. 27, 167-196). the present study investigates the possibility that giardia lacks ribonucleotide reductase and depends entirely on deoxynucleoside salvage. a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, hydroxyurea, at concentrations up to 2 mm had no effect on ... | 1989 | 2480350 |
| a rapid staining technique for leishmania parasites in splenic aspirate smears. | a quick and suitable method for staining leishmania donovani and other blood protozoa is described. the method, which could have wide applications, is a modification of field's staining technique as used for malaria parasites. it uses the same stains in a different order. the method has been tried on smears containing malaria and trypanosomes, and the results were good. it is very cheap and requires no special apparatus or training. | 1989 | 2481429 |
| detection of antigen specific circulating immune complexes in indian kala-azar. | the sera of active and treated cases of kala-azar were tested for circulating immune complexes (cic) by antigen-specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). all (100%) of proved cases had elevated cic; 64.3% of clinically diagnosed cases and 58.8% of treated cases were also positive for cic. a fall in the level of cic was observed after treatment. detection of antigen-specific cic may be useful in monitoring the therapeutic effect and recovery. | 1989 | 2482707 |
| leishmaniasis in bolivia. vii. infection of sentinel porcupines (coendou prehensilis, l.) by leishmania (le.) chagasi. | 1989 | 2487453 | |
| role of tryptophan degradation in respiratory burst-independent antimicrobial activity of gamma interferon-stimulated human macrophages. | to determine whether extracellular tryptophan degradation represents an oxygen-independent antimicrobial mechanism, we examined the effect of exogenous tryptophan on the intracellular antimicrobial activity of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-stimulated human macrophages. ifn-gamma readily induced normal monocyte-derived macrophages (mdm) to express indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) activity and stimulated mdm, alveolar macrophages, and oxidatively deficient chronic granulomatous disease mdm to degr ... | 1989 | 2492973 |
| [an immunologic method of producing antigens for the treatment and prevention of leishmaniasis]. | antigens isolated from lysates of l. infantum promastigotes by electroelution from polyacrylamide gels and by gel filtration, have already been proven to induce anti-leishmania protective immunity in balb/c mice when injected subcutaneously. at the present time, five preparations including either leishmania antigens or anti-idiotypic reagents as vaccines can be considered as candidates for immunoprophylaxis in natural hosts of leishmania parasites. we present a new method for producing leishmani ... | 1989 | 2493318 |
| putrescine transport system in leishmania infantum promastigotes. | a transport system for putrescine in leishmania infantum (= l. donovani infantum) promastigotes has been identified and characterized by measuring the uptake of radioactively labelled putrescine. putrescine uptake was time- and temperature-dependent without any accumulation taking place at 0 degrees c. uptake of putrescine was maximal at ph values near neutrality. putrescine uptake showed an apparent km = 1.08 +/- 0.12 microm and a vmax = 1.74 + 0.62 pmol min-1 (10(6) cells)-1. the effect of met ... | 1989 | 2503722 |
| enhancement of macrophage il-1 production by leishmania major infection in vitro and its inhibition by ifn-gamma. | peritoneal cells from highly susceptible balb/c mice were infected with leishmania major and cultured for various times in vitro. the culture supernatants contained significant levels of il-1 which were consistently higher than those in the cell cultures stimulated with an optimal concentration of lps. this finding extends to a macrophage cell line, p388d1, and peritoneal exudate cells stimulated with starch in vivo. however, the level of il-1 produced was significantly reduced when the cells we ... | 1989 | 2506273 |
| mouse interferon-gamma in liposomes: pharmacokinetics, organ-distribution, and activation of spleen and liver macrophages in vivo. | recombinant mouse interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) was encapsulated into multilamellar vesicles and the proportion of encapsulated ifn-gamma determined by biological activity was 19%. the distribution of 125i-labeled ifn-gamma liposomes in c57bl/6 mice was analyzed. after an initial enrichment of liposomes in lung, more than 60% of total 125i-labeled ifn-gamma was accumulated in spleen and liver. furthermore, it was observed if the encapsulation of ifn-gamma in liposomes prevented the rapid decay of ... | 1989 | 2507661 |
| antileishmanial effect of free and encapsulated sinefungin against leishmania donovani infections in balb/c mice. | sinefungin, a c-nucleoside antibiotic, displays a high antiparasitic action. the effect of free and microencapsulated sinefungin was compared on balb/c mice infected with leishmania donovani; the encapsulated form proved more effective by one order of magnitude. | 1989 | 2508995 |
| the oxidative response of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils to leishmanias and other trypanosomatids. | luminometry has been used to measure the respiratory burst of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils that is elicited by different forms and species of leishmania and herpetomonas. mid-log phase and metacyclic promastigotes of l. major evoked large responses; that due to metacyclics was lower and slower, but they also bound in smaller numbers than mid-log phase cells. promastigotes of l. mexicana mexicana also stimulated a large respiratory burst whereas amastigotes elicited little or none. leishmania do ... | 1989 | 2509389 |
| il-4 inhibits h2o2 production and antileishmanial capacity of human cultured monocytes mediated by ifn-gamma. | the effect of il-4 on the ifn-gamma-induced state of activation of cultured human monocytes was investigated with regard to their ability to produce hydrogen peroxide and their antileishmanial capacity towards the intracellular parasite leishmania donovani. il-4 was found to inhibit the ifn-gamma-dependent hydrogen peroxide production of monocytes. treatment of monocytes with ifn-gamma (200 to 600 u/ml) for 48 h increased the hydrogen peroxide production fourfold above background. coincubation o ... | 1989 | 2509562 |
| experimental visceral leishmaniasis: role of endogenous ifn-gamma in host defense and tissue granulomatous response. | the capacity of balb/c mice to acquire resistance to and eliminate intracellular visceral leishmania donovani is t cell dependent, associated with a granulomatous tissue reaction, and correlates with the ability to secrete the macrophage-activating lymphokine, ifn-gamma. these responses appear by 4 wk after infection and are fully established by 8 wk. to examine the role of endogenous ifn-gamma, balb/c mice were injected with anti-ifn-gamma mab before and for 8 wk after infection. at 4 wk, mab t ... | 1989 | 2512353 |
| c-fos and tumor necrosis factor gene expression in leishmania donovani-infected macrophages. | leishmania donovani is an obligate intracellular protozoan which resides in macrophages and impairs a number of macrophage functions. we have undertaken to study this host cell-parasite interaction by examining the ability of l. donovani to impair the transmission of information from the cell surface to the nucleus and thus influence normal gene expression. we demonstrate that, in response to lipopolysaccharide, expression of both the c-fos and tumor necrosis factor genes was impaired in l. dono ... | 1989 | 2513483 |
| the feasibility of discrimination between leishmania and endotrypanum using total parasite dna probes. | 1989 | 2514470 | |
| further characterization of chinese leishmania isolates by isoenzyme electrophoresis. | ten chinese leishmania isolates from different endemic areas and hosts are characterized by isoenzyme electrophoresis for 9 enzymes. seven were isolated from visceral leishmaniasis patients, one from an infected dog, one from a sandfly and one from a naturally infected racoon dog. eight of the 10 isolates were indistinguishable in isoenzyme profile from the l infantum reference strain. the isoenzyme profiles of the remaining two isolates (from kala azar patients in xinjiang) could not be charact ... | 1989 | 2517080 |
| in vivo effect of eflornithine (dfmo) and some related compounds on leishmania infantum preliminary communication. | an in vivo method was used to test the effect of eflornithine (dfmo) and five related compounds on leishmania infantum amastigotes. treatment with 100 mg/kg sc for 5 days of leishmania infected balb/c mice yielded a parasite inhibition ranging from 56% (compound 2, "reverse arginine") to 85% (eflornithine), these values being lower than that obtained with the reference compound glucantime (93%). in long-term treatment (40 days) the two selected compounds, eflornithine and 3 ("reverse homoarginin ... | 1989 | 2517472 |
| antigen-specific immunosuppression in visceral leishmaniasis is cell mediated. | visceral leishmaniasis is associated with an antigen-specific immunosuppression during the acute disease. patients become responsive to leishmania antigen in both in vivo and in vitro assays after successful antimony therapy. the cell type involved in the suppression of lymphocyte reactivity to leishmania antigen was studied by selective depletion of mononuclear cell (mnc) populations and in co-cultivation experiments. adherent cells were depleted on plastic and by passage on nylon wool columns. ... | 1989 | 2522103 |
| inhibitory effects on protein kinase c activity by lipophosphoglycan fragments and glycosylphosphatidylinositol antigens of the protozoan parasite leishmania. | fragments of the lipophosphoglycan of leishmania donovani were generated by phospholipase c digestion and mild acid hydrolysis. the fragments were purified and examined for inhibitory activity on protein kinase c isolated from rat brains. on a molar basis, the 1-o-alkylglycerol portion of lpg exhibited the most inhibitory activity, whereas the carbohydrate domain was not as effective. in addition, several glycolipid antigens from l. major, which contain short carbohydrate chains attached to phos ... | 1989 | 2524191 |
| the effect of cyclosporin a in murine visceral leishmaniasis. | leishmania donovani is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite of macrophages whose control is effected by cellular mechanism. in order to determine the role of t-helper cells and their soluble mediators in the control of the infection, the effects of cyclosporin a (csa) were studied in strains of mice (c57l/j and c57bl/6j) known to be resistant and susceptible. mice treated with csa (200 mg/kg) exhibited as early as day 15 a significant increase in the level of their infection. the number ... | 1989 | 2525802 |
| comparison of t-cell responses in self-limiting versus progressive visceral leishmania donovani infections in golden hamsters. | leishmania donovani infection in golden hamsters was studied as a model for human kala-azar. after intradermal inoculation of l. donovani amastigotes, hamsters developed positive skin reactions (delayed-type hypersensitivity [dth]) to parasite antigens and lymphoid cells from these hamsters proliferated to parasite antigens in vitro and transferred dth reactivity to normal recipients. in contrast, hamsters infected by the intracardial route developed progressive visceral infections and failed to ... | 1989 | 2528507 |
| [visceral leishmaniasis in ordubad district, nakhichevan assr]. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) focus in the ordubad district of the nakhichevan assr has become active for the last years. complex study of the focus, performed in 1985-1987, allowed to establish the following: vl causative agent, circulating in the ordubad district belongs to the leishmania infantum species. it was identified by isoenzymatic analysis (for 12 enzymes) and the adler serological test. disease cases prevailed in the upper part of the town of ordubad and were confined to a small area ( ... | 1989 | 2528672 |
| importance of lymphokines in the control of multiplication and dispersion of leishmania donovani within liver macrophages of resistant and susceptible mice. | leishmania donovani is an obligate intracellular parasite of mammalian macrophages. the immunosuppressant cyclosporin a (csa), which inhibits the production of interleukin (il)-1, il-2, and interferon-gamma, increased infections 3-fold without affecting expression of the lsh gene. the objective of this study was to determine how activation of macrophages by lymphokines affects the multiplication and propagation of the parasite within liver macrophages. susceptible c57bl/6j and resistant c57l/j m ... | 1989 | 2529362 |
| study of circulating immune complexes during the evolution of visceral mediterranean leishmaniasis. | in the present study, sera of 56 children suffering from visceral mediterranean leishmaniasis were analysed. the incidence of circulating immune complexes (cic) by elisa technique using the conglutinin binding assay was 39% before treatment, 28% after the first treatment, and nil at the end of the second one. the c4 levels remain low even after treatment. the anti-leishmania antibodies (aal) account for 95% of the cases before treatment and 84% after treatment. the rheumatoid factor (fr) also re ... | 1989 | 2532497 |
| [serologic examination of the population of cleaned-up foci of visceral leishmaniasis in the territory of the uzbek ssr]. | retrospective screening of population was carried out in the uzbek ssr in 3 physiographic regions, which formerly represented active epidemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis. seroepidemiologic examination of 8652 persons showed satisfactory results concerning the disease at present. despite low seropositive level of healthy population in general (0.38%), a correlation was detected between the number of positive indirect immunofluorescence results and the incidence rate of visceral leishmaniasis i ... | 1989 | 2534148 |
| analysis of renal immune-deposits in canine leishmaniasis. preliminary results. | previous studies carried out on 34 dogs spontaneously infected by leishmania infantum showed the presence of kidney lesions characterized by immunologically mediated glomerular and tubular damage. glomerular immune-deposits were studied in 13 of these dogs. immunoglobulins were isolated from kidney tissues by acid elution; igg fractions from eluates, obtained by ammonium sulfate precipitation, were subjected to clonotypic analysis by autoradiography after isoelectrofocusing (ief) using 125i radi ... | 1989 | 2535031 |
| inhibition of leishmania donovani promastigote internalization into murine macrophages by chemically defined parasite glycoconjugate ligands. | leishmania donovani, the agent of human visceral leishmaniasis, is an intracellular parasite that must be recognized and internalized by host macrophages to complete its biological cycle. in a search for possible ligands for macrophage surface receptors, glycoconjugates were obtained from leishmania promastigotes by aqueous, phenol-aqueous, and alkaline extraction. a fucose-mannose glycoproteic ligand, a lipopeptidephosphoglycan, and a phosphate mannogalactan ligand were purified from promastigo ... | 1989 | 2537257 |
| drug targeting in leishmania donovani infections using tuftsin-bearing liposomes as drug vehicles. | the efficacy of sodium stibogluconate against leishmania donovani infections was markedly enhanced by encapsulating this drug in tuftsin-bearing liposomes. also, pretreatment of the animals with these liposomes (free of drug) rendered them resistant to this infection, possibly by activating the host's macrophages. these results demonstrate that tuftsin-bearing liposomes besides delivering the drug to the target cells could also enhance the nonspecific resistance against infections, thus offering ... | 1989 | 2538359 |
| immunochemical and catalytic characteristics of adenosine kinase from leishmania donovani. | polyclonal antibodies to homogeneous preparation of adenosine kinase from leishmania donovani were raised in rabbit. the antiserum was inhibitory and precipitated enzyme activity from both homogeneous and partially purified adenosine kinase from the parasite. however, the antiserum did not immunoprecipitate adenosine kinase of other higher eukaryotic sources tested so far. immunoblot analysis of extracts from l. donovani and other sources revealed specific reaction of the antiserum with only the ... | 1989 | 2538441 |
| microbial glycolipids: possible virulence factors that scavenge oxygen radicals. | two important pathogens of developing countries, mycobacterium leprae, the etiologic agent of leprosy, and leishmania donovani, the protozoal parasite that causes kalaazar, persist in the human host primarily in mononuclear phagocytes. the mechanisms by which they survive in these otherwise highly cytocidal cells are presently unknown. since the best understood cytocidal mechanism of these cells is the oxygen-dependent system that provides lethal oxidants including the superoxide anion (o2-), hy ... | 1989 | 2538841 |
| requirement for t cells and effect of lymphokines in successful chemotherapy for an intracellular infection. experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | although directly microbicidal, pentavalent antimony has failed as treatment for visceral leishmaniasis in patients who also have aids or are receiving immunosuppressive therapy. to define the role of t cells in the successful host response to chemotherapy, we examined the efficacy of pentavalent antimony (sodium stibogluconate, pentostam) in normal and t cell-deficient balb/c mice infected with leishmania donovani. in euthymic (nu/+) mice, single injections of 250 and 500 mg/kg of pentostam ind ... | 1989 | 2539396 |
| identification of 'old world' leishmania by dna recombinant probes. | leishmania are usually identified by iso-enzyme analysis. this method works well, but there is a need for an additional, more simple, method of identification. here we present data that show that in a southern blot analysis, recombinant dna probes in combination with certain restriction enzymes can differentiate between taxa of leishmania. probes based on clones selected from a l. infantum cdna library gave characteristic patterns on southern blots for reference strains of the different types of ... | 1989 | 2540434 |
| visceral leishmaniasis: resistance to reinfection in the liver following chemotherapy in the balb/c mouse. | the ability of balb/c mice to resist reinfection with leishmania donovani following chemotherapy was studied. balb/c mice, infected with l. donovani, were treated on days 7 and 8 postinfection with free, niosomal, or liposomal sodium stibogluconate. it was found that all three drug treatments caused a dramatic reduction in liver parasite burdens as measured on days 6 and 29 post-treatment. on day 6 postdrug treatment infection with l. donovani amastigotes, of mice from infected, drug-treated gro ... | 1989 | 2542078 |
| leishmania donovani: isolation and characterization of sodium stibogluconate (pentostam)-resistant cell lines. | leishmania donovani promastigotes were generated by virtue of their resistance to incrementing concentrations of sodium stibogluconate (pentostam) under completely defined growth conditions. the pent0400 and pent03200 cell lines were isolated after prolonged exposure to 0.4 mg/ml and 3.2 mg/ml pentostam (sb concentration), respectively. whereas the effective concentration of pentostam which inhibited the growth of wild type cells by 50% (ec50 value) was 0.1-0.15 mg/ml, the ec50 values for the pe ... | 1989 | 2546793 |
| maintenance of cytoplasmic ph and proton motive force in promastigotes of leishmania donovani. | three methods were used to measure intracellular ph (phi) of leishmania donovani promastigotes: (a) measurement of the fluorescence of the ph indicator 2',7'-bis-(carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein; (b) ph null point assays; and (c) determination of the distribution across the promastigote plasma membrane of the fluorescent amine acridine orange and of the weak acid 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione. the three methods gave similar results and showed that promastigotes of l. donovani maintain p ... | 1989 | 2549418 |
| [similarity of the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis from iraq and leishmania tropica based on the molecular parameters of kinetoplast dna]. | restriction analysis demonstrated that the cleavage pattern of kinetoplast dna of visceral leishmaniasis causative agent from iraq was similar to that of the anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis causative agent leishmania tropica, and differed from that of the kinetoplast dna of leishmania infantum and l. donovani, typical visceral leishmaniasis causative agents. similarity was established both for maxi- and minicycle molecules of the kinetoplast dna. evolutionary relation between l. tropica an ... | 1989 | 2550756 |
| presence and properties of camp phosphodiesterase from promastigote forms of leishmania tropica and leishmania donovani. | 1. this paper reports the isolation and the partial purification of camp phosphodiesterase (ec 3.1.4.17) from the promastigote form of leishmania tropica and a preliminary result from leishmania donovani. 2. the activity of the fraction obtained from column chromatography was measured. 3. the effects of ph, temperature, time of incubation and various compounds on its activity in vitro were obtained. 4. two peaks (i and ii) exhibiting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity were obtained. 5. ... | 1989 | 2553330 |
| lymphokine mediated microbicidal activity of peritoneal macrophages from leishmania donovani infected and drug treated balb/c mice. | the resident peritoneal macrophages from untreated mice develop potent microbicidal activity against amastigotes of leishmania major and leishmania donovani after in vitro exposure to lymphokines (lk) from mitogen stimulated spleen cells. however, to the best of our knowledge, the response of l. donovani infected peritoneal macrophages from already infected/treated animals to lk has not been investigated. therefore in the present study, the effect of lk on infected macrophages from balb/c mice f ... | 1989 | 2554031 |
| affinity labeling of the folate-methotrexate transporter from leishmania donovani. | an affinity labeling technique has been developed to identify the folate-methotrexate transporter of leishmania donovani promastigotes using "activated" derivatives of the ligands. these "activated" derivatives were synthesized by incubating folate and methotrexate with a 10-fold excess of 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (edc) for 10 min at ambient temperature in dimethyl sulfoxide. preincubation of intact cells with nonradioactive "activated" folate or methotrexate at a concentr ... | 1989 | 2554960 |
| heparin binds to leishmania donovani promastigotes and inhibits protein phosphorylation. | we show that promastigotes of leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar), possess heparin receptors on their surface. from a linear scatchard plot of the binding data obtained using [3h]heparin and viable promastigotes, one derives a binding constant of 4.7 x 10(-7) m and an estimate of 860,000 receptors per parasite. the [3h]heparin bound to parasites could not be displaced by hyaluronic acid or by three other glycosaminoglycans (dermatan sulphate, chondroiti ... | 1989 | 2557842 |
| study on genetic polymorphism of leishmania infantum through the analysis of restriction enzyme digestion patterns of kinetoplast dna. | twenty-nine leishmania infantum strains characterized by different host source, tropism and belonging to 6 zymodemes, were examined by restriction enzyme analysis of kinetoplast dna (kdna) using 15 endonucleases. the enzymes which produced only one fragment revealed full identity between all the strains examined, while those producing many bands gave different electrophoretic patterns. they were interpreted with the aid of numerical analyses (cluster and multifactorial analysis). the results sho ... | 1989 | 2558337 |
| reversal of drug resistance in trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania donovani by verapamil. | following previous studies of verapamil reversal of chloroquine resistance in malaria and multi-drug resistance in cancer cells, the effect of verapamil was investigated on nifurtimox-resistant trypanosoma cruzi in vitro and antimony-resistant leishmania donovani in vitro and in vivo. verapamil alone was not active against either parasite, but in combination with nifurtimox it reversed the drug resistance of t. cruzi and in combination with sodium stibogluconate reversed the drug resistance of l ... | 1989 | 2558433 |
| ivermectin, levamisole and thymic extract for chemotherapy and immunostimulation of visceral leishmaniasis in hamsters and mice. | the anti-leishmanial activity of ivermectin, pentostam or combination of pentostam with either levamisole or thymic extract was tested against leishmania donovani infection in hamsters and mice. in vitro peritoneal macrophage-parasite interaction, the effect of splenic cells on the interaction of macrophages and parasites, spleen weight, parasite burden in spleen tissue as well as the antibody titers using micro-elisa were used as parameters for evaluating the efficacy of these chemotherapeutic ... | 1989 | 2561164 |
| cloning of a polymorphic dna fragment from the genome of leishmania donovani. | recombinant dna clones, containing highly repetitive dna sequences, have been isolated from a leishmania donovani genomic dna library prepared in the replacement vector lambda gt.wes.lambda b. two clones, probably telomeric in location, have been characterised and show a restriction fragment size polymorphism. evidence is presented which suggests that l. donovani is diploid for this cloned genomic locus. | 1989 | 2567493 |
| visceral leishmaniasis: drug carrier system characteristics and the ability to clear parasites from the liver, spleen and bone marrow in leishmania donovani infected balb/c mice. | the efficacy of various sodium stibogluconate formulations against leishmania donovani has been investigated using a balb/c mouse model of visceral leishmaniasis. only one therapy, multiple dosing with drug loaded sonicated vesicles, liposomes or niosomes, was found to be effective against parasites in the liver, spleen and bone marrow. other treatments significantly reduced parasite liver burdens but either failed to effect spleen and bone marrow parasites, or were effective but toxic. prophyla ... | 1989 | 2568434 |
| epidemic visceral leishmaniasis in southern sudan. | 1989 | 2572936 | |
| characterization of leishmania donovani stocks by genomic dna heterogeneity and molecular karyotype. | a hypervariable deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) probe was isolated by screening a leishmania donovani genomic dna library with l. donovani total dna. the probe was used to characterize l. donovani stocks on the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps). the molecular karyotype of the same stocks was examined by orthogonal field alternation gel electrophoresis. on the basis of the observed rflps mediterranean l. donovani infantum and south american l. donovani chagasi stocks were mor ... | 1989 | 2575810 |
| [transmission of visceral leishmaniasis with studies of dogs in greece]. | according to our results the public fear in greece of infection from dogs or the dog as a possible reservoir could not be confirmed. a total of 749 dogs were investigated. positive findings were demonstrated successfully in 10 cases of 19 clinical cases and serologically confirmed in 10 cases. strains were isolated in the experimental animal the hamster. | 1989 | 2583504 |
| binding and release of c3 from leishmania donovani promastigotes during incubation in normal human serum. | we have examined the nature and extent of c3 deposition on leishmania donovani, strain 1s, clone 2d, promastigotes. total molecules of c3 bound/parasite after 60 min was similar for parasites incubated in normal human serum, normal human serum adsorbed to remove natural antibody, or either serum source chelated with mg-egta to limit activation to the alternative pathway. a comparison of parasites grown to early, mid, late-log or stationary phases revealed no difference in the extent and kinetics ... | 1989 | 2584716 |
| [kala-azar in china from 1985 to 1988. advisory committee on parasitic diseases, moph]. | a total of 1,069 newly discovered cases of kala-azar (a few recurrent cases included) is recorded in china during the four year period from 1985 to 1988. the kala-azar patients were found in the provinces and autonomous regions of gansu, sichuan, xinjiang, shaanxi, shanxi, inner-mongolia and shandong. comparing with the 443 cases recorded during the previous 4 years period 1981-1984, significant uprise of the disease is evident, especially in the provinces of gansu and sichuan. in southern gansu ... | 1989 | 2591032 |
| decrease of acid phosphatase activity in murine peritoneal macrophages infected with leishmania donovani. | the effect of infection with leishmania donovani on the activity and isoenzyme composition of acid phosphatase within individual murine peritoneal macrophages maintained in vitro was studied. concentrations of acid phosphatase activity and number of intracellular parasites were quantitated using a computer-assisted cytospectrophotometry system. changes in the isoenzyme composition of macrophages during infection with l. donovani were detected by comparing the patterns of acid phosphatase levels ... | 1989 | 2592149 |
| cerdocyon thous (l.) (carnivora, canidae) naturally infected with leishmania donovani chagasi (cunha & chagas, 1973) in corumbá (mato grosso do sul state, brazil). | 1988 | 2593825 | |
| suppression of the hepatic microsomal cytochrome p-450 dependent mixed function oxidase activities in golden hamster during leishmania donovani infection. | experimental infection of golden hamsters with leishmania donovani caused significant alterations in the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system. gross examination of liver indicated hepatomegaly. microsomal protein contents were only marginally elevated. cytochrome p-450 as well as haem contents were significantly decreased and it directly correlated with the degree of infection. cytochrome b5 exhibited elevation at lower degrees of infection which came down to control levels at the pe ... | 1989 | 2594607 |
| hydrazide antidepressants possess novel antileishmanial activity in vitro and in vivo. | the hydrazide monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants possess a novel antiparasitic action against visceral and cutaneous strains of leishmania. in vitro, phenelzine was the most active compound tested, while in vivo, nialamide was more potent, and was also effective when applied topically to cutaneous lesions. despite the coincidence of tricyclic antidepressants also possessing antileishmanial activity, the evidence suggests that the antiparasitic action of the hydrazides is unrelated to ei ... | 1989 | 2596901 |
| evaluation of antileishmanial activity of trans-aconitic acid. | taa, an inhibitor of the enzyme aconitase, inhibits the growth of l. donovani promastigotes. morphogenic transformation of the amastigote to the promastigote (table; see text) form in vitro was also inhibited by 2 mm taa. taa also reduced multiplication of the parasite in macrophage culture. in the hamster model of leishmania, taa significantly reduced the parasitic burden of liver. in acute toxicity tests with balb/c mice no deaths were recorded even at a dose level of 2 g/kg body wt/day. | 1989 | 2597432 |
| successful in vitro isolation and cultivation of italian dermotropic strains of leishmania infantum sensu lato. | 1989 | 2603211 | |
| the effect of liposome-entrapped desferrioxamine on leishmania donovani in vitro. | desferrioxamine was tested in vitro for activity against promastigotes of leishmania donovani. in addition, the effects of liposome-encapsulated desferrioxamine and free desferrioxamine on macrophages infected with amastigotes of l. donovani were compared. the drug was added to the culture medium for three days, and the results were compared with several controls; the drug solvent, empty liposomes, and desferrioxamine which had been re-ferrated with an equimolar concentration of ferric ammonium ... | 1989 | 2604473 |
| two new techniques for quantitative determination of leishmania amastigotes. | 1989 | 2609370 | |
| didelphis marsupialis, an apparent wild reservoir of leishmania donovani chagasi in colombia, south america. | 1989 | 2609371 | |
| characterization of a mutant clone of leishmania donovani deficient in folate transport. | 1989 | 2610143 | |
| interstitial nephritis and glomerulonephritis in visceral leishmaniasis in a dog. a case report. | renal involvement characterized by interstitial nephritis and glomerulonephritis is reported in a case of visceral leishmaniasis in a dog. focal interstitial inflammatory infiltrates including lymphocytes and plasma cells together with collections of histiocytes containing leishmania donovani organisms were found in the renal cortex. the glomeruli showed diffuse mesangial cell proliferation, thickening of the capillary wall and focal, segmental glomerulosclerosis. by electron microscopy, finely ... | 1989 | 2611027 |
| clinico-epidemiological profiles of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in varanasi. | twenty-seven cases of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (p. k. d. l.) were detected in an endemic focus of kala-azar in sujabad village in varanasi distt. male-female ratio of cases was 4.4:1. majority (66.6 per cent) of cases had macular lesions. histopathology of one case showed leishmania donovani (l. d.) bodies. densities of sand fly were more in pockets where p. k. d. l. cases were detected. all the 13 cases, which were treated with sodium antimony gluconate, responded well to therapy. | 1989 | 2614049 |
| a comparison of the direct agglutination test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the sero-diagnosis of leishmaniasis in the sudan. | the sensitivity and specificity of the direct agglutination test (dat) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were compared for the sero-diagnosis of visceral (vl) and cutaneous (cl) leishmaniasis in sudanese patients. all the sera from parasitologically confirmed cases of vl were positive in both elisa and dat. some minor discrepancies were apparent between the two tests in patients with clinical signs of vl, but in whom vl was not confirmed parasitologically. in parasitologically co ... | 1989 | 2617579 |
| leishmania infecting man and wild animals in saudi arabia. 5. diversity of parasites causing visceral leishmaniasis in man and dogs in the south-west. | kala-azar (vl), mainly affecting infants and young children, is being increasingly reported in the south-west of saudi arabia, 305 cases being diagnosed in 1988. most cases arise in scattered locations in the foothills west of the asir mountains at altitudes between about 500 and 1000 m, although case clusters are apparent in some villages. some cases also occur between the foothills and the red sea coast. the incidence in the south-west was calculated to be of the order of 6 to 8/10,000 populat ... | 1989 | 2617600 |
| antileishmanial effects of clofazimine and other antimycobacterial agents. | in the search for more effective alternatives to the presently-used antileishmanial drugs, the activity of the major groups of antimycobacterial compounds has been examined, both in vitro and in animal models of infection. in vitro, clofazimine was the most active compound tested, with a mean ed50 of 2.3 mg l-1 against leishmania mexicana amazonensis, 1.4 mg l-1 against l. donovani and 0.5 mg l-1 against l. major. other active compounds were the thiosemicarbazone, thiambutosine, and salinazid, a ... | 1989 | 2619361 |
| leishmania donovani donovani and leishmania donovani chagasi as antigens in a direct agglutination assay for the diagnosis of kala-azar. | the need for a reliable method for the immunological diagnosis of kala-azar is imperative. leishmania donovani donovani and l. donovani chagasi culture promastigotes were compared as antigens in a direct agglutination test (dat) for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in brazil. both antigens were successfully employed for the dat, showing 100% sensitivity and greater than 98% specificity when used to test sera from brazilian and african kala-azar, chagas' disease, malaria, filaria and syphi ... | 1989 | 2620171 |
| exploration of antileishmanial activity in heterocycles; results of their in vivo & in vitro bioevaluations. | a total of 51 imidazoles, pyrroles, quinolines and isoxazolines compounds were screened for antileishmanial activity in vivo and in vitro, using leishmania donovani as the test parasite. the screening revealed hitherto unknown antileishmanial activity in these heterocycles. three of the compounds screened (one belonging to isoxazoline series and two from pyrrole series) showed significant anti-leishmanial activity, ranging from 86-91 per cent inhibition in hamsters. when tested in vitro, using m ... | 1989 | 2620947 |
| lsh: origins and growth of a cottage industry. | 1989 | 2623362 | |
| [leishmania infantum mon-24 cutaneous leishmaniasis observed in grassa (alpes-maritimes) in a tunisian child]. | 1989 | 2624379 | |
| [studies on protective monoclonal antibodies to leishmania donovani]. | kala-azar is increasing in incidence in some endemic areas of china, such as provinces of sichuan and gansu. monoclonal antibodies have been shown to interfere with the cutaneous leishmaniasis infection in the experimental animals. we have now raised mcab against membrane antigen of promastigotes of l. donovani canine isolate (the pathogen of visceral leishmaniasis). in this paper we report 3 mcab which inhibit the growth of promastigotes in vitro culture by incorporation of 3h-thymine deoxyribo ... | 1989 | 2625325 |
| mechanism of complement-independent and antibody-mediated killing of leishmania donovani promastigotes. | immune serum raised against flagellar fraction of leishmania donovani isolate ur6 has profound lethal effect on the in vitro growth of the parasite. lethal effect of immune serum was also examined using two other isolates of l. donovani, namely dd8 and ag83. it was observed that immune serum is equally effective against ur6 and dd8 but has no effect on ag83 promastigotes. parasite killing is mediated by leishmania-specific antibodies in the absence of complement or any other factors present in r ... | 1989 | 2628259 |
| observations on human bone-marrow for leishmania donovani. | during the recent epidemic in north bihar, a total of 65 cases which were clinically designated as kala-azar had been subjected to bone-marrow aspiration from the iliac crest, out of which the l.d. body was demonstrated in 55 cases (84.61 per cent). culture analysis of bone-marrow on modified tobie's medium, revealed that ten cases (15.39 per cent) which were negative for l.d. body did not show any leptomonads, whereas out of 55 l.d. body positive cases, the promastigote forms developed in 22 ca ... | 1989 | 2632416 |
| [eco-epidemiology of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis in the yemen arab republic. i. presence, in sympatric condition, of leishmania infantum and leishmania donovani complexes]. | in complement to a previous survey, the authors proceed to the analysis of strains isolated from visceral human and canine leishmaniasis. finally, among eight human strains isolated and identified with an enzymatic method, seven belong to the leishmania donovani complex and one to the l. infantum complex. the l. donovani complex is represented by the mon-31 and mon-83 zymodem. the first one is also present in saudi arabia and ethiopia. the second one, corresponding to a small variant, pleads for ... | 1989 | 2633874 |
| [eco-epidemiology of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis in the arab republic of yemen. ii. a survey using intradermal reaction to leishmanin in a zone of mixed infestation with leishmania tropica, l. donovani and l. infantum]. | frequency distribution of leishmanin test survey in dhamran valley around taez (yemen arab republic) is reported. it was carried out on 174 school children from 6 to 12 years old. three schools located at 950 m, 1,100 m and 1,430 m of altitude were visited. the maximum of positivity is observed in the lower range where l. tropica, l. donovani and l. infantum are rife. in the upper valley, where cutaneous leishmaniasis is rare and visceral leishmaniasis absent, the rate of positivity is a little ... | 1989 | 2633875 |
| [visceral leishmaniasis in patients with aids. description of 2 cases]. | cell-mediated immunity plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and in the recovery mechanisms of visceral leishmaniasis (v.l.). this disease, observed in two patients with aids, has peculiar anatomical and clinical characteristics and it is usually characterized by a severe clinical course. in addition, v.l. has been proposed to be included among the relevant infections for the case definition of aids. we describe two cases of v.l. occurred in association with aids. the most relevant characteri ... | 1989 | 2635290 |
| evaluation of antibody responses in american visceral leishmaniasis by elisa and immunoblot. | american visceral leishmaniasis (avl) is an important disease among children of northeast brazil. in order to characterize antibody responses during avl, sera of hospitalized patients were analyzed by elisa and western blot using a leishmania chagasi antigen preparation. the elisa was positive (absorbance greater than or equal to 0.196) at a serum dilution of 1:1024 in all patients at presentation, and fell to ward control levels over the following year. only one of 72 control subjects tested po ... | 1989 | 2635749 |
| quantitative grading of leishmania donovani amastigotes related to age of kala-azar patients. | out of 370 leishman donovan bodies positive bone-marrow smears, maximum belonged to grade 1 + (42.4 per cent) and the least to grade 5 + (1.6 per cent). persons belonging to 0-20 years age group were found in be statistically more susceptible to leishmania infection as compared to persons above 20 years of age (p less than .01). the disease was least common in persons above 40 years (3.5 per cent) of age. parasite load was found to be highest in 0-20 years group irrespective of grades of leishma ... | 1989 | 2638374 |
| leishmania donovani: immunochemical localization and secretory mechanism of soluble acid phosphatase. | monoclonal antibodies specific for the soluble, secreted acid phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.2) of leishmania donovani were used to investigate the localization of this enzyme in extracellular promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. indirect immunofluorescence showed a weak general staining in the promastigote cytoplasm, together with strong fluorescence in the flagellar reservoir. immunofluorescence studies on u937 cells infected in vitro with l. donovani showed that the pathogenic amastigote stage ... | 1989 | 2649391 |
| methylglyoxal-catabolizing enzymes of leishmania donovani promastigotes. | methylglyoxal is a toxic metabolite with growth inhibitory properties against leishmania donovani promastigotes. we have shown in the present study that both log and stationary phase promastigotes of l. donovani can catabolize methylglyoxal to d-lactate as the major end product. the specific activity of methylglyoxal reductase was found to be the highest of all the catabolic enzymes. in contrast, the anabolic pathway for methylglyoxal could not be detected. moreover, when control promastigotes o ... | 1989 | 2668758 |
| visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) as an opportunistic infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in spain. | in an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis, 16 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection developed the disease. all belonged to populations at risk for aids (15 were intravenous drug abusers). five patients fulfilled the criteria for full-blown aids, and two more fulfilled them after diagnosis of leishmaniasis. all presented with the classic manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis, but leishmania serology was negative in 15 patients (93%). leishmania donovani amastigotes wer ... | 1989 | 2672242 |
| amastigote stage-specific monoclonal antibodies against leishmania major. | monoclonal antibodies were produced against gamma-irradiated amastigotes of leishmania major. five antibodies (t16 through t20) were selected which reacted in enzyme-linked immunoassays with the intracellular stage of the parasite. these antibodies did not react with promastigotes of l. major or leishmania donovani. one of the monoclonal antibodies (t16) reacted with amastigotes of leishmania mexicana amazonensis and l. donovani. western blotting (immunoblotting) and immunoprecipitation of [35s] ... | 1989 | 2680982 |
| in vitro action of platinum (ii) and platinum (iv) complexes on trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania donovani. | the in vitro activities of 22 neutral pt(ii) complexes, 4 pt(iv) complex salts, and one pt(ii) complex salt on epimastigote forms of trypanosoma cruzi and promastigote forms of leishmania donovani were studied. only 2 out of the 18 complexes with cis-pt(ddh)xn structure completely inhibited the growth of the epimastigote forms of t. cruzi and the promastigote of l. donovani. against t. cruzi the cis-pt(l)n(cl)2 complexes showed no activities, but the complex in which the (l) ligand was stilbamid ... | 1989 | 2684173 |