Publications

transcript levels of the nuclear-encoded respiratory genes in rice decrease by oxygen deprivation: evidence for involvement of calcium in expression of the alternative oxidase 1a gene.	we investigated the effect of oxygen on the expressions of respiratory genes encoded in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of rice (oryza sativa l.). hypoxic treatment decreased the transcript levels of nuclear-encoded, but not mitochondrial-encoded respiratory genes. the effects of ruthenium red (an inhibitor of ca(2+) fluxes from organelles) and/or cacl(2) on plants under hypoxic conditions suggested that ca(2+) is a physiological transducer of a low-oxygen signaling pathway for expression ...	2000	10767423
the maize streak virus coat protein transcription unit exhibits tissue-specific expression in transgenic rice.	maize streak geminivirus (msv) is a single-stranded dna virus that infects cereals and other grasses. a promoter region incorporating the msv large intergenic region and movement protein gene sequence was ligated to the gus (beta-glucuronidase) reporter gene which replaced the virus coat protein (cp) gene. the cp promoter activity was analysed in transgenic rice plants (oryza sativa l.) and was compared with that obtained in plants transformed with the gus gene downstream of the cauliflower mosa ...	2000	10773336
xylem-specific expression of wound-inducible rice peroxidase genes in transgenic plants.	a peroxidase gene, poxa, was isolated from a rice (oryza sativa l.) genomic library. the gene consists of four exons whose combined sequences were identical to that of the prxrpa mrna whose levels were dramatically stimulated by wounding as well as by treatment of rice shoots with ethephon or uv irradiation [h. ito, f. kimizuka, a. ohbayashi, h. matsui, m. honma, a. shinmyo, y. ohashi, a.b. caplan, r.l. rodriguez, molecular cloning and characterization of two complementary dnas encoding putative ...	2000	10773343
identification and chromosomal localization of a transcriptionally active retrotransposon of ty3-gypsy type in rice.	a dna fragment representing a transcriptionally active retrotransposon of ty3-gypsy type was isolated and characterized from rice (oryza sativa l.). the fragment (named rire9) includes the coding sequences for the c-terminal part of the rnase h domain and the n-terminal part of the integrase domain in the polyprotein region. northern blot hybridization indicated that this element was expressed in rice leaves and stems, suggesting that it is potentially active to transpose under normal growth con ...	2000	10791831
plant homologue of flap endonuclease-1: molecular cloning, characterization, and evidence of expression in meristematic tissues.	flap endonuclease-1 (fen-1) is an important enzyme involved in dna replication and repair. we isolated a 1.4 kb cdna from rice (oryza sativa), termed osfen-1, encoding a protein which shows homology with the eukaryotic fen-1 proteins. osfen-1 protein was overexpressed in escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity. dna cleavage analysis using different branched dna structures indicated that osfen-1 protein possesses both 5'-flap endonuclease and 5' to 3' double-stranded dna exonuclease act ...	2000	10798612
identification of a signal peptide for oryzacystatin-i.	a previously unidentified extension of an open reading frame from the genomic dna of japonica rice (oryza sativa l.) encoding oryzacystatin-i (oc-i; access. m29259, protein id aaa33912.1) has been identified as a 5' gene segment coding for the oc-i signal peptide. the signal peptide appears to direct a pre-protein (spoc-i; accession no. af164378) to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it is processed into the mature form of oc-i. the start codon of spoc-i begins 114 bp upstream from that previously ...	2000	10805458
hormonal cross-talk between auxin and ethylene differentially regulates the expression of two members of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase gene family in rice (oryza sativa l.).	two cdna clones, pos-aco2 and pos-aco3, encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) oxidase were isolated from rice seedling cdna library. pos-aco3 is a 1,299 bp full-length clone encoding 321 amino acids (mr=35.9 kda), while pos-aco2 is 1,072 bp long and is a partial cdna clone encoding 314 amino acids. these two deduced amino acid sequences share 70% identity, and display a high degree of sequence identity (72-92%) with previously isolated pos-aco1 of deepwater rice. the chromosomal locat ...	2000	10805599
increasing anther culture efficiency in rice (oryza sativa l.) using anthers from ratooned plants.	anther culture response for the variety taipei-309 was compared using anthers of ratooned and non-ratooned plants. anthers were plated onto n6 liquid media with 0, 2, 5, and 10 mg l(-1) aba, respectively. after 5 days in culture, the media were removed and n6 medium without aba was added. a higher number of pre-mitotic p-pollen grains were observed in anthers from ratooned plants. a significant synergistic effect was found between anthers from ratooned plants/aba concentrations and the increase ...	2000	10808066
the rice r gene family: two distinct subfamilies containing several miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements.	the r and b genes of maize regulate the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and constitute a small gene family whose evolution has been shaped by polyploidization and transposable element activity. to compare the evolution of regulatory genes in the distinct but related genomes of rice and maize, we previously isolated two r homologues from rice (oryza sativa). the ra1 gene on chromosome 4 can activate the anthocyanin pathway, whereas the rb gene, of undetermined function, maps to chromosome 1. in ...	2000	10809440
naringenin 7-o-methyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the flavanone phytoalexin sakuranetin from rice (oryza sativa l.).	an inducible s-adenosyl-l-methionine:naringenin 7-o-methyltransferase (nomt) catalyzing the methylation of naringenin to sakuranetin, a major rice phytoalexin was purified approximately 985-fold from ultraviolet (uv)-irradiated rice leaves. the enzyme is not found in healthy tissues and was purified to a nearly homogeneous preparation in one step using adenosine-agarose affinity chromatography, with 1 g rice leaves (uv-irradiated) as starting material. gel filtration chromatography resulted in a ...	2000	10814825
quantification of total genomic dna and selected repetitive sequences reveals concurrent changes in different dna families in indica and japonica rice.	this paper describes a fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) analysis of three different repetitive sequence families, which were mapped to mitotic metaphase chromosomes and extended dna fibers (edfs) of the two subspecies of rice (oryza sativa), indica and japonica (2n = 2x = 24). the repeat families studied were (1) the tandem repeat sequence a (trsa), a functionally non-significant repeat; (2) the [ttta-ggg]n telomere sequence, a non-transcribed, tandemly repeated but functionally signifi ...	2000	10821172
population dynamics and effects of oebalus ornatus (hemiptera: pentatomidae) on rice yield and quality in southwestern colombia.	field experiments were conducted from 1989 to 1992 to determine the effects of oebalus ornatus (sailer) on cica 8 rice, oryza sativa l., yield and to study the population dynamics of the insect. the effect of o. ornatus was measured for seven population levels (0, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, and 24 sexed pairs per 20 panicles) at three stages of grain development (flowering, milk, and soft dough stage). insect feeding during the flowering and milk stages of grain development caused more damage than feeding ...	2000	10826172
effect of plant age, larval age, and fertilizer treatment on resistance of a cry1ab-transformed aromatic rice to lepidopterous stem borers and foliage feeders.	the resistance of vegetative, booting, and flowering stage plants of a variety of an aromatic rice, oryza sativa l., transformed with a bacillus thuringiensis berliner cry1ab gene under control of the maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) promoter was evaluated against four lepidopterous rice pests--the stem borers chilo suppressalis (walker) (lepidoptera: crambidae) and scirpophaga incertulas (walker) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), and the foliage feeders cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenée (lepi ...	2000	10826204
molecular and cellular characterizations of a cdna clone encoding a novel isozyme of aldehyde dehydrogenase from rice.	aldehyde dehydrogenases (aldhs) are a group of enzymes catalyzing the conversion of aldehydes to the corresponding acids. in mammals and yeasts, at least two isozymes of aldh are known to be involved in ethanol metabolism (cytosolic aldh1 and mitochondrial aldh2). although mitochondrial aldh isozymes have previously been identified in several plants, such as maize and tobacco, it is unclear whether cytosolic aldh isozymes also exist in plants. in this study, we identified and characterized a cdn ...	2000	10831839
possible involvement of phosphoinositide-ca2+ signaling in the regulation of alpha-amylase expression and germination of rice seed (oryza sativa l.).	we have studied the effects of neomycin, a potent inhibitor of inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase c (plc), on the germination of rice seed and the gibberellin-induced expression of alpha-amylase in the aleurone layer and the scutellar tissues. it was shown that, in the absence of exogenous ca2+, neomycin markedly reduced the germination speed and seedling growth of rice seeds and inhibited the gibberellin-induced expression of alpha-amylase in both secretory tissues. in addition, neomy ...	2000	10845452
leafy hull sterile1 is a homeotic mutation in a rice mads box gene affecting rice flower development.	rice contains several mads box genes. it has been demonstrated previously that one of these genes, osmads1 (for oryza sativa mads box gene1), is expressed preferentially in flowers and causes early flowering when ectopically expressed in tobacco plants. in this study, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of osmads1 in rice also results in early flowering. to further investigate the role of osmads1 during rice flower development, we generated transgenic rice plants expressing altered osmads1 g ...	2000	10852934
primary structural features of the 20s proteasome subunits of rice (oryza sativa).	the 20s proteasome is the proteolytic complex that is involved in removing abnormal proteins, and it also has other diverse biological functions. its structure comprises 28 subunits arranged in four rings of seven subunits, and exists as a hollow cylinder. the two outer rings and two inner rings form an alpha7beta7beta7alpha7 structure, and each subunit, alpha and beta, exists as seven different types, thus giving 14 kinds of subunits. in this study, we report the primary structures of the 14 pr ...	2000	10854779
isolation and characterization of a jacalin-related mannose-binding lectin from salt-stressed rice (oryza sativa) plants.	a novel plant lectin was isolated from salt-stressed rice (oryza sativa l.) plants and partially characterized. the lectin occurs as a natural mixture of two closely related isoforms consisting of two identical non-covalently linked subunits of 15 kda. both isoforms are best inhibited by mannose and exhibit potent mitogenic activity towards t-lymphocytes. biochemical analyses and sequence comparisons further revealed that the rice lectins belong to the subgroup of mannose-binding jacalin-related ...	2000	10872230
characterization of cop i coat proteins in plant cells.	membrane traffic in eukaryotic cells is mediated by cop (coat protein)-coated vesicles. their existence in plant cells has not yet been unequivocally demonstrated, although coated vesicles (probably with a cop coat) can be seen by electron microscopy. at the gene level, plant cells seem to contain all the components necessary to form cop-coated vesicles. in this paper, we have used antibodies raised against mammalian copi coat proteins to detect putative homologues in rice (oryza sativa) cells. ...	2000	10873582
loss of a member of the aquaporin gene family, aqpa affects spore dormancy in dictyostelium.	we isolated and characterized a gene from dictyostelium discoideum, which encodes a protein of 279 amino acids (30.6kda) containing six transmembrane domains with two highly conserved motifs of asparagine-proline-alanine (npa) found in the aquaporin family of water-channel proteins, although the second motif of the protein has been modified into npv (asparagine-proline-valine). the deduced amino acid sequence of the gene, which we have named aqpa, is 39% identical to d. discoideum waca, 26% iden ...	2000	10876090
tissue-preferential expression of a rice alpha-tubulin gene, ostuba1, mediated by the first intron.	the genomic clone encoding an alpha-tubulin, ostuba1, has been isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.). the gene consists of four exons and three introns. rna-blot analysis showed that the gene is strongly expressed in actively dividing tissues, including root tips, young leaves, and young flowers. analysis of chimeric fusions between ostuba1 and beta-glucuronidase (gus) revealed that the intron 1 was required for high-level gus expression in actively dividing tissues, corresponding with normal exp ...	2000	10889249
flower-predominant expression of a gene encoding a novel class i chitinase in rice (oryza sativa l.).	a flower-predominant cdna for a gene, termed oschia 1;175, was isolated from a cdna library of rice pistils. northern blot and rt-pcr analyses revealed that the oschia 1;175 gene is highly expressed in floral organs (pistils, stamens and lodicules at the heading stage) but not or at an extremely low level in vegetative organs. oschia 1;175 encodes a protein that consists of 340 amino acid residues, and the putative mature protein shows 52% to 63% amino acid identity to class i chitinases of rice ...	2000	10890535
stereochemical fate of c-26 and c-27 during the conversion of isofucosterol to sitosterol and of 24-methylenecholesterol to campesterol and dihydrobrassicasterol in oryza sativa cell cultures.	administration of pro-r-methyl-13c-labeled isofucosterol to cultured cells of oryza sativa revealed that the pro-r and pro-s methyls at c-25 become the pro-r and pro-s methyls at c-25 of sitosterol, respectively. similar administration experiments using pro-s-methyl-13c-labeled 24-methylenecholesterol established that the pro-r and pro-s methyls at c-25 of 24-methylenecholesterol become the pro-r and pro-s methyls of campesterol, and the pro-s and pro-r methyls of dihydrobrassicasterol, respecti ...	2000	10897478
a novel rice (oryza sativa l.) acidic pr1 gene highly responsive to cut, phytohormones, and protein phosphatase inhibitors.	a novel rice acidic pathogenesis-related (pr) class 1 cdna (ospr1a) was isolated from jasmonic acid (ja)-treated rice seedling leaf. the ospr1a cdna is 830 bp long and contains an open reading frame of 507 nucleotides encoding 168 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 17,560 and pi of 4.4. the deduced amino acid sequence of ospr1a has a high level of identity with acidic and basic pr1 proteins from plants. southern analysis revealed that ospr1a is a member of a multigene family. ...	2000	10903912
cloning of a gene for an acyl-coa dehydrogenase from pisum sativum l. and purification and characterization of its product as an isovaleryl-coa dehydrogenase.	isovaleryl-coa dehydrogenase (ivd, ec ) catalyzes the third step in the catabolism of leucine in mammals. deficiency of this enzyme leads to the clinical disorder isovaleric acidemia. ivd has been purified and characterized from human and rat liver, and the x-ray crystallographic structure of purified recombinant human ivd has been reported. nothing is known about ivd activity in plants, although cdna clones from arabidopsis thaliana and partial sequences from gossypium hirsutum and oryza sativa ...	2000	10913142
structure, expression and promoter activity of two polyubiquitin genes from rice (oryza sativa l.).	we have isolated two rice polyubiquitin genes designated as rubq1 and rubq2 by screening a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) genomic library with a 32p-labeled ubiquitin cdna probe. dna sequence data revealed that both genes contained an open reading frame encoding a hexameric precursor ubiquitin and an intron immediate upstream of the initiation codon. the deduced amino acid sequences of both genes were identical to each other and to other plant ubiquitin sequences. several putative regulat ...	2000	10936527
trivalent ions activate abscisic acid-inducible promoters through an abi1-dependent pathway in rice protoplasts.	the plant hormone abscisic acid (aba) mediates many vital processes in plant growth and development, including seed dormancy, cell division, water use efficiency, and adaptation to drought, salinity, chilling, pathogen attack, and uv light. our understanding of aba signal transduction is fragmentary and would benefit from specific and facile probes of the process. protoplasts from rice (oryza sativa l. cv ir54) embryonic suspension cultures cotransformed with effector plasmids encoding the maize ...	2000	10938371
photosynthesis, plant growth and n allocation in transgenic rice plants with decreased rubisco under co2 enrichment.	ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) efficiency for co2-saturated photosynthesis was examined in leaves of rice (oryza sativa l.). the amount of rubisco in a leaf was calculated to be 30-55% in excess for the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis at 100 pa co2. long-term exposure to co2 enrichment decreased the amount of rubisco protein. however, n was not reallocated from decreased rubisco to other components limiting photosynthesis, and the decrease in rubisco was simply due to a d ...	2000	10938846
role of jasmonate in the rice (oryza sativa l.) self-defense mechanism using proteome analysis.	exogenously applied jasmonic acid (ja) was used to study changes in protein patterns in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedling tissues, to classify these changes, and to assign a role for these changes, in order to define the role of ja in the rice self-defense mechanism. high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis revealed induction of new proteins in both leaf and stem tissues after ja treatment, with the major protein spots further analyzed through n-terminal and inte ...	2000	10939463
field evaluation of seed production, shattering, and dormancy in hybrid populations of transgenic rice (oryza sativa) and the weed, red rice (oryza sativa).	the genetic and agronomic consequences of transferring glufosinate (liberty) herbicide resistance from transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) lines to the noxious weed red rice (oryza sativa l.) were evaluated under field conditions. replicated field trials in louisiana (la) and arkansas (ar) were conducted in 1997 to evaluate ten vegetative and reproductive traits of eight f(2) populations produced from controlled crosses of two transgenic, glufosinate-resistant rice lines and four red rice biotypes ...	2000	10940465
developing prolamine protein bodies are associated with the cortical cytoskeleton in rice endosperm cells.	the mrnas that encode the prolamine storage proteins in rice (oryza sativa l.) endosperm cells are enriched on the surface of the prolamine protein bodies (pbs), a subcellular structure consisting of a prolamine intracisternal granule surrounded by rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane. previous biochemical studies (d.g. muench et al., 1998, plant physiol. 116: 559-569) have shown that prolamine mrnas may be anchored to the pb surface via the cytoskeleton. to better understand the mechanism and r ...	2000	10945217
aberrant chloroplasts in transgenic rice plants expressing a high level of maize nadp-dependent malic enzyme.	nadp-dependent malic enzyme (nadp-me) is a major decarboxylating enzyme in nadp-me-type c4 species such as maize and flaveria. in this study, chloroplastic nadp-me was transferred to rice (oryza sativa l.) using a chimeric gene composed of maize nadp-me cdna under the control of rice light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b-binding protein (cab) promoter. there was a 20- to 70-fold increase in the nadp-me activity in leaves of transgenic rice compared to that in wild-type rice plants. immunocytochemical ...	2000	10945221
molecular cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding proline transporter in rice.	a cdna encoding a proline (pro) transporter (prot) was isolated and characterized from a cdna library prepared from 14-d-old seedlings of oryza sativa cv. akibare. the deduced amino acid sequence of the rice prot protein (osprot) had 68.8% homology to the prot protein 1 from arabidopsis thaliana and 59.6% homology to that from lycopersicon esculentum. northern blot analysis revealed that the gene for osprot (osprot) was expressed in all organs examined, comparatively strongly in leaf sheath and ...	2000	10945345
specific accumulation of polysaccharide-linked hydroxycinnamoyl esters in the cell walls of irregularly shaped and collapsed internode parenchyma cells of the dwarf rice mutant fukei 71.	we examined a novel rice mutant, fukei 71 (oryza sativa l.), for alterations in the levels of hydroxycinnamoyl esters that are linked to cell wall polysaccharides and lignin units. in this mutant, a recessive mutation at a single locus caused the collapse of parenchyma cells in the internodes. light microscopy revealed that the abnormal walls of internode parenchyma cells of fukei 71 were stained by the mäule reaction, which is specific for syringyl units in phenolic compounds. these walls were ...	2000	10945348
constitutive expression of the defense-related rir1b gene in transgenic rice plants confers enhanced resistance to the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea.	the rirlb gene of rice (oryza sativa) is one of a set of putative defense genes whose transcripts accumulate upon inoculation of rice with the non-host pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. it belongs to a family of genes encoding small extracellular proteins so far only identified in cereals. to assess the function of the rirlb gene in rice blast resistance, it was placed under the control of the camv 35s promoter and transferred into rice plants of the japonica variety taipei 309 by biol ...	2000	10949374
enhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that overexpresses chloroplast glutamine synthetase.	the potential role of photorespiration in the protection against salt stress was examined with transgenic rice plants. oryza sativa l. cv. kinuhikari was transformed with a chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (gs2) gene from rice. each transgenic rice plant line showed a different accumulation level of gs2. a transgenic plant line, g39-2, which accumulated about 1.5-fold more gs2 than the control plant, had an increased photorespiration capacity. in another line, g241-12, gs2 was almost lost and ...	2000	10949377
intercodon dinucleotides affect codon choice in plant genes.	in this work, 710 cdss corresponding to over 290 000 codons equally distributed between brassica napus, arabidopsis thaliana, lycopersicon esculentum, nicotiana tabacum, pisum sativum, glycine max, oryza sativa, triticum aestivum, hordeum vulgare and zea mays were considered. for each amino acid, synonymous codon choice was determined in the presence of a, g, c or t as the initial nucleotide of the subsequent triplet; data were statistically analysed under the hypothesis of an independent assort ...	2000	10954603
identification of 4-o-5'-coupled diferulic acid from insoluble cereal fiber.	the extracts of saponified cereal fibers of whole grains of corn (zea mays cv. microsperma koern.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), spelt (triticum spelta l.), and rice (oryza sativa l.) were investigated for dehydrodimers of ferulic acid using gas-liquid chromatography (glc) with mass spectrometric detection (glc-ms) and flame ionization detection (glc-fid). in addition to the 8,5'-, 8, 8'-, 5,5'-, and 8-o-4'-coupled diferulic acids previously identified from other plant materials the 4-o-5'-coup ...	2000	10956086
physiological responses to oxidative and heavy metal stress in seedlings of rice paddy, oryza sativa l.		2000	10960144
molecular cloning and characterization of cdnas encoding two isoforms of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase in rice (oryza sativa l.).	ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activase catalyzes the activation of rubisco in vivo. two full length cdnas designated as osrcaa1 and osrcaa2 encoding two rubisco activase isoforms of 47 and 43 kda, respectively, have been cloned and characterized. the two isoforms were 99% identical, the 47 kda isoform having an additional 33 amino acids and a 5 amino acid substitution at the carboxyl terminus. the deduced amino acid sequences of osrcaa1 and osrcaa2 showed 73-89% ident ...	2000	10965036
mechanism of the chilling-induced decrease in proton pumping across the tonoplast of rice cells.	the atp-generated proton pumping across tonoplast vesicles from chilling-sensitive boro rice (oryza sativa l. var. boro) cultured cells was markedly decreased by chilling at 5 degrees c for 3 d. the membrane fluidity of core hydrophobic and surface hydrophilic regions of the lipid bilayer was measured by steady-state fluorescence depolarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and trimethylammonium 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and by electron spin resonance spectroscopy of 16- and 5-doxyl stear ...	2000	10965940
coronatine elicits phytoalexin production in rice leaves (oryza sativa l.) in the same manner as jasmonic acid.	the phytotoxin coronatine induced the accumulation of the flavonoid phytoalexins sakuranetin and momilactone a in rice leaves. coronatine-inducible sakuranetin production was under the control of kinetin and ascorbic acid (asa), as observed with jasmonic acid (ja). the effects of kinetin and asa on the activity of coronatine indicated that coronatine might elicit sakuranetin production in a manner similar to ja. the similarity of both their structures and the manner of elicitation of coronatine ...	2000	10975503
molecular cloning and expression of a phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase homolog in oryza sativa.	a cdna encoding putative phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (phgpx) was isolated from rice using rapid amplification of cdna ends. this cdna, designated ricphgpx, includes an open reading frame encoding a protein of 169 amino acids which shares about 60% and 50% amino acid sequence identity with plant and mammalian phgpxs, respectively. the gene is expressed at a relative high level in flag leaves and the expression can be markedly induced by oxidative stress, suggesting that the ...	2000	10978528
sugar uptake and transport in rice embryo. expression of companion cell-specific sucrose transporter (ossut1) induced by sugar and light.	we investigated sugar uptake and transport in rice (oryza sativa) embryo during grain germination. endogenous sugar levels, accumulation of starch granules, and gene expression of a rice sucrose transporter (ossut1) were examined using rice embryos germinated with or without exogenous sugar supply. starch granules remarkably accumulated in the cells around vascular bundles as a consequence of the sugar taken up by the embryos, indicating that the taken-up sugars are transiently converted into st ...	2000	10982424
changes in photosynthetic carbon flow in transgenic rice plants that express c4-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from urochloa panicoides.	a cdna encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pck) of urochloa panicoides (a pck-type c4 plant) was expressed in rice (oryza sativa cv tsukinohikari) plants under the control of the promoter of a maize (zea mays) gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase or pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase with the transit peptide of the small subunit of rubisco. crude extracts prepared from the green leaves of transgenic plants had high pck activity and the newly expressed pck was localized in chloroplasts ...	2000	10982431
photosynthesis and translocation of assimilates in rice plants following phloem feeding by the planthopper nilaparvata lugens (homoptera: delphacidae).	experiments were conducted to measure the effect of feeding by the planthopper nilaparvata lugens (stål) on photosynthesis and the translocation of assimilates in rice plants, oryza sativa l. we used mature japonica rice plants and applied the 13co2 feeding method to evaluate those physiological effects. the photosynthetic rate was suppressed by n. lugens infestation, especially at the lower leaf position, with rates 30% lower than that of control plants at the booting stage. leaf nitrogen conce ...	2000	10985030
analysis of opt8511 rapd fragments closely linked with cold sensitivity at seedling stage in rice (oryza sativa l.).	opt8(511) was confirmed to be strongly associated with cold sensitivity of rice by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis for the cold tolerance with 94 f2 population crossed with 'dular' (cold sensitive cultivar) and 'toyohatamochi' (cold resistant cultivar). a dna marker from the rapd fragment, opt8(511), has been cloned with genomic dna from rice cultivar ('dular') and the nucleotide sequence has been determined. the nucleotide sequence revealed that the putative open reading frame ...	2000	10987133
the cell cycle genes cyca1;1 and cdc2os-3 are coordinately regulated by gibberellin in planta.	internodal growth of deepwater rice (oryza sativa l.) can achieve rates of up to 10 mm h(-1). in submergence-induced plants, gibberellic acid activates the cell division cycle first at the g1 --> s phase transition with a subsequent increase in mitotic activity. the proteins cyca1;1 and cdc2os-3 are the regulatory and catalytic subunits, respectively, of cyclin-dependent protein kinases (cdks) which are central to cell cycle regulation. both genes are regulated by gibberellic acid in a coordinat ...	2000	10987556
molecular cloning and characterization of a plant homologue of the origin recognition complex 1 (orc1).	by using the rice est database, we have isolated a 2.8 kb cdna, termed oryza sativa orc1 (osorc1), from rice (o. sativa) encoding a protein that shows homology with the eukaryotic orc1 proteins. alignment of the osorc1 protein sequence with the sequence of orc1 from human and yeasts s. cerevisiae and s. pombe showed a high degree of sequence homology (38.7, 32.9 and 35.0% identity, respectively), particularly around the c-terminal region containing the cdc-ntp domain. interestingly, the osorc1 p ...	2000	10996242
characterization of rci-1, a chloroplastic rice lipoxygenase whose synthesis is induced by chemical plant resistance activators.	a full-length lipoxygenase cdna (rci-1) has been cloned from rice (oryza sativa) whose corresponding transcripts accumulate in response to treatment of the plants with chemical inducers of acquired resistance such as benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid s-methyl ester (bth), 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (ina), and probenazole. in contrast, rci-1 transcript levels did not increase after inoculation with compatible and incompatible races of the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea and the n ...	2000	10998053
changes in lipid peroxidation, the redox system and atpase activities in plasma membranes of rice seedling roots caused by lanthanum chloride.	highly purified plasma membranes were isolated by aqueous two-phase partitioning from rice (oryza sativa) seedling roots. the effects of lanthanum chloride (lacl3) on the activities of lipid peroxidation, the redox system and h+-atpase, ca2+-atpase of plasma membranes were studied. the lipid peroxidation of plasma membranes could be depressed by certain low concentrations of lacl3 and enhanced by high concentrations of lacl3, while the lipid peroxidation was also dependent on the plasma membrane ...	2000	11016404
expression of a gene encoding mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase in rice increases under submerged conditions.	it is known that alcoholic fermentation is important for survival of plants under anaerobic conditions. acetaldehyde, one of the intermediates of alcoholic fermentation, is not only reduced by alcohol dehydrogenase but also can be oxidized by aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh). to determine whether aldh plays a role in anaerobic metabolism in rice (oryza sativa l. cv nipponbare), we characterized a cdna clone encoding mitochondrial aldh from rice (aldh2a). analysis of sub-cellular localization of ald ...	2000	11027709
ethylene induces epidermal cell death at the site of adventitious root emergence in rice.	in deepwater rice (oryza sativa), adventitious root primordia initiate at the nodes as part of normal development. emergence of the roots is dependent on flooding of the plant and is mediated by ethylene action. root growth was preceded by the induced death of epidermal cells of the node external to the tip of the root primordium. cell death proceeded until the epidermis split open. through this crack the root eventually emerged. induced death was confined to nodal epidermal cells covering the t ...	2000	11027711
tissue-specific and developmental pattern of expression of the rice sps1 gene.	sucrose-phosphate synthase (sps) is one of the key regulatory enzymes in carbon assimilation and partitioning in plants. sps plays a central role in the production of sucrose in photosynthetic cells and in the conversion of starch or fatty acids into sucrose in germinating seeds. to explore the mechanisms that regulate the tissue-specific and developmental distribution of sps, the expression pattern of rice (oryza sativa) sps1 (genbank accession no. u33175) was examined by in situ reverse transc ...	2000	11027714
activation of cdk-activating kinase is dependent on interaction with h-type cyclins in plants.	cdnas encoding cyclin h homologs were isolated from poplar (populus tremula x tremuloides) and rice (oryza sativa) plants, and were designated pt;cych;1 and os;cych;1, respectively. the deduced amino-acid sequences showed 40-60% similarity to human cyclin h and schizosaccharomyces pombe mcs2, with higher similarity in the cyclin box region. while pt;cych;1 and os;cych;1 were expressed in all tissues examined, the transcripts accumulated abundantly in dividing cells. expression of os;cych;1 was a ...	2000	11029700
expression of alpha-expansin genes in young seedlings of rice (oryza sativa l.).	rice is the only cereal in which germination and coleoptile elongation occur in hypoxia or anoxia. little is known of the molecular basis directly underlying coleoptile cell extension. in this paper, we describe the expression of alpha-expansin genes in embryos during seed development and young seedlings grown under various oxygen concentrations. the genes os-exp2 and os-exp1 were predominantly expressed in the developing seeds, mainly in newly developed leaves, coleoptiles, and seminal roots. t ...	2000	11030545
sequence-specific and methylation-dependent and -independent binding of rice nuclear proteins to a rice tungro bacilliform virus vascular bundle expression element.	nuclear proteins from rice (oryza sativa) were identified that bind specifically to a rice tungro bacilliform virus promoter region containing a vascular bundle expression element (vbe). one set of proteins of 29, 33, and 37 kda, present in shoot and cell suspension extracts but hardly detectable in root extracts, bound to a site containing the sequence agaaggaccaga within the vbe, which also contains two cpg and one cpnpg potential methylation motifs. binding by these proteins was determined to ...	2001	11036074
characterization and expression of monosaccharide transporters (osmsts) in rice.	this study deals with the cloning and characterization of monosaccharide transporter cdnas in rice. osmst1-3 (oryza sativa monosaccharide transporters 1-3) have two sets of putative six transmembrane domains separated by a central long hydrophilic region. heterologous expression of osmst3 in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae indicated that osmst3 has transport activity for some monosaccharides in an energy-dependent h+ co-transport manner. northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses showed ...	2000	11038054
purification, molecular cloning, and sequence analysis of sucrose-6f-phosphate phosphohydrolase from plants.	sucrose-6(f)-phosphate phosphohydrolase (spp; ec ) catalyzes the final step in the pathway of sucrose biosynthesis and is the only enzyme of photosynthetic carbon assimilation for which the gene has not been identified. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity from rice (oryza sativa l.) leaves and partially sequenced. the rice leaf enzyme is a dimer with a native molecular mass of 100 kda and a subunit molecular mass of 50 kda. the enzyme is highly specific for sucrose 6(f)-phosphate with a k(m) ...	2000	11050182
[qtls and epistasis underlying rice (oryza sativa l.) panicle length in different genetic background and environments].	a double haploid (dh) population and a recombinant inbred (ri) population derived from a cross between a japonica male parent azucena and indica female parents, ir64 and ir1552 respectively, were used in both field and pot experiments for detecting qtls and epistasis for rice panicle length in different genetic background and different environments. panicle length (pl) was measured at maturity. qtls for pl were detected using single marker analysis and interval mapping. epistasis effects on the ...	2000	11051720
selective inhibition of reactions involved in methanogenesis and fatty acid production on rice roots.	washed excised roots of rice (oryza sativa) produced h(2), ch(4) and fatty acids (millimolar concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate; micromolar concentrations of isovalerate, valerate) when incubated under anoxic conditions. surface sterilization of the root material resulted in the inactivation of the production of ch(4), a strong reduction of the production of fatty acids and a transient (75 h) but complete inhibition of the production of h(2). radioactive bicarbonate was incorporated ...	2000	11053733
molecular cloning and characterization of a cdna and a gene for subtilisin-like serine proteases from rice (oryza sativa l.) and arabidopsis thaliana.	the complete nucleotide sequences of a cdna (rsp1) that encodes a subtilisin-like serine protease (subtilase) of rice (oryza sativa l.) and a gene (asp48) for arabidopsis subtilase were analyzed. the rspi cdna and asp48 dna encoded 736- and 757-residue pre-pro-polypeptides including a signal peptide with molecular masses of 78,668 da and 79,414 da, respectively. rsp1 is the first known serine protease in rice, and asp48 is a gene for ara12 cdna. sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis show ...	2000	11055401
synthesis of some n1-phenyl-n3-[2-aryl/aryloxymethyl-1,3,4-oxa(thia)diazol-2-yl]sulphonyl ureas as potential pesticides.	n1-phenyl-n3-aryl/aryloxymethyl[1,3,4-oxa(thia)diazol-2-yl]s ulphonyl ureas (4 and 7) were conveniently prepared from 2-aryl/aryloxymethyl- 1,3,4-oxa(thia)diazol-2-sulphonamide (3 and 6) and phenyl isothiocyanate. sulphonamides were synthesised by the reaction of 2-aryl/aryloxymethyl-1,3,4-oxa(thia)diazol-2-sulphonyl chlorides (2 and 5) with ammonia. all the compounds have been tested for fungicidal activity against the fungal species cephalosporium saccharii and helminthosporium oryzae. the two ...	2000	11059098
the arabidopsis thaliana isogene nit4 and its orthologs in tobacco encode beta-cyano-l-alanine hydratase/nitrilase.	nitrilases (nitrile aminohydrolases, ec ) are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nitriles to the corresponding carbon acids. among the four known nitrilases of arabidopsis thaliana, the isoform nit4 is the most divergent one, and homologs of nit4 are also known from species not belonging to the brassicaceae like nicotiana tabacum and oryza sativa. we expressed a. thaliana nit4 as hexahistidine tag fusion protein in escherichia coli. the purified enzyme showed a strong substrate specificity ...	2001	11060302
identification of rice varieties with high tolerance or sensitivity to lead and characterization of the mechanism of tolerance.	pb inhibits plant growth. to study pb tolerance in rice (oryza sativa), we screened 229 varieties for pb tolerance or sensitivity. three-day-old seedlings were treated for 12 d with 20 microm pb solution. based on the dry weight of the root, three pb-tolerant (var ch-55, var kh-2j, var kumnung) and three pb-sensitive (var aixueru, var c-9491, var milyang23) rice varieties were selected. the root biomasses of the tolerant varieties were approximately 10-fold higher than those of the sensitive one ...	2000	11080279
[studies on the biosynthesis of sterol side chain in higher plants].	campesterol (3) and dihydrobrassicasterol (4), typical c28-sterols in higher plants, are biosynthesized from a steroidal 24-ene precursor (desmosterol 1) via 24-methylenecholesterol (2) and 24-methyldesmosterol (5). a typical plant c29-sterol, sitosterol (6), is produced from 24-methylenecholesterol via isofucosterol (7) and 24-ethyldesmosterol (8). the biosynthetic mechanism, focussing stereochemical features, of these side-chain transformations has been studied in detail by feeding regio- and ...	2000	11082699
the blast algorithms: practical application in molecular cloning, marker-assisted selection (mas) and introgression of wheat.	blast (basic local alignment search) analyses of hordeum chilense rapd markers have shown dna sequence similarities with several plant genes. biologically significant hits were scored for: plastocianin (hordeum vulgare), alpha-gliadin (triticum aestivum), grandel-6 retrotransposon (zea diploperennis), retrofit (gag/pol) copia-like, transposon-like element (oryza longistaminata), copia-like retrotransposon hopscotch polyprotein (gag/pol) (zea mays) and several retrotransposons/retroelements from ...	2000	11092750
involvement of calcium-dependent protein kinase in rice (oryza sativa l.) lamina inclination caused by brassinolide.	promotive effect of brassinolide (bl) on green lamina inclination was concentration-dependent when excised rice (oryza sativa l.) lamina was floated on bl solution under continuous light conditions. protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine and ca2+ channel blocker lacl3 could completely, while ca2+ chelator egta could partially inhibit the lamina inclination caused by bl. two protein kinases with apparent molecular masses of 45 and 54 kda were detected using an in-gel kinase assay with histone iii ...	2000	11092909
rice (oryza sativa l.) ospr1b gene is phytohormonally regulated in close interaction with light signals.	strategies evolved by plants to counteract a variety of biotic/abiotic stresses include induction of genes encoding pathogenesis-related (pr) protein, in particular the pr class 1 (pr1) gene family, widely used in stress response studies. in spite of its immense importance as a pr family member, and an accepted gene marker in plant disease/defense in dicots, little is known about rice pr1 genes. recently, we cloned and characterized the first ospr1a (rice acidic pr1) gene (agrawal et al. (2000) ...	2000	11097833
three-dimensional solution structure of oryzacystatin-i, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor of the rice, oryza sativa l. japonica.	the three-dimensional structure of oryzacystatin-i, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor of the rice, oryza sativa l. japonica, has been determined in solution at ph 6.8 and 25 degrees c by (1)h and (15)n nmr spectroscopy. the main body (glu13-asp97) of oryzacystatin-i is well-defined and consists of an alpha-helix and a five-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet, while the n- and c-terminal regions (ser2-val12 and ala98-ala102) are less defined. the helix-sheet architechture of oryzacystatin-i is stabili ...	2000	11101290
gibberellin biosynthesis: metabolic evidence for three steps in the early 13-hydroxylation pathway of rice.	[14c4]ga53, [14c4]ga44, and [2h2/14c4]ga19 were injected separately into seedlings of rice (oryza sativa) using a dwarf mutant (d35) that has low levels of endogenous gibberellins (gas). after 8 h incubation, the shoots were extracted and the labeled metabolites were identified by full-scan gas chromatography mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and kovats retention indices (kris). our results document the metabolic sequence, ga53-->ga44-->ga19-->ga20 and the presence of endogenous ga53, ga44, ga19, ga20 a ...	2000	11117879
isolation of a new retrotransposon-like dna sequence and its use in analysis of diversity within the oryza officinalis complex.	to better understand the genetic diversity of the wild relatives of rice (oryza sativa l.) in the o. officinalis species complex repetitive dna markers were obtained from the diploid species of this complex. one cloned sequence from o. eichingeri gave intense hybridization signals with all species of the o. officinalis complex. this 242 bp clone, named poe.49, has a copy number from 0.9 to 4.0 x 10(4) in diploid species of this complex. analysis of the primary structure and database searches rev ...	2000	11138942
a 33-kda allergen from rice (oryza sativa l. japonica). cdna cloning, expression, and identification as a novel glyoxalase i.	cereal proteins are known to cause allergic reactions such as baker's asthma and severe atopic dermatitis to certain populations. in rice allergy, proteins with molecular masses of 14-16, 26, 33, and 56 kda have been demonstrated to be potentially allergenic. in this study, to identify and characterize the 33-kda allergen, designated glb33, this protein was first purified to homogeneity, and its cdna clone was isolated. when expressed in escherichia coli, the recombinant glb33 was shown to be as ...	2001	11139585
induction of ltp (lipid transfer protein) and pal (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) gene expression in rice roots colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus mosseae.	the expression of a lipid transfer protein (ltp) gene is regulated in oryza sativa roots in response to colonization by the mycorrhizal fungus glomus mosseae. transcript levels increased when the fungus forms appressoria and penetrates the root epidermis and decreased at the onset of the intercellular colonization of the root cortex. the analysis of histochemical gus staining in transgenic rice plants carrying the ltp/gus construct confirm the induction of ltp: gene associated with fungal appres ...	2000	11141171
[genetic study of plant height of tall plant mutant mh-1 in rice (oryza sativa l.)].	mh-1 is a tall plant mutant induced by irradiation from semi-dwarfed variety guichao 2. the genetic analyses were carried out through the f1, f2, f3 progenies and test-crossed f1 on mh-1 crossed with materials with sd-1 gene, non-allelic gene to sd-1 and common tall plant. the results indicate that the induced tall plant trait of mh-1 is controlled by a recessive inhibiting gene, named tentatively i-sd-1(t), that can regulate the expression of sd-1 gene but not of non-allelic gene to sd-1. the v ...	2000	11147349
cloning and characterization of estc from burkholderia gladioli, a novel-type esterase related to plant enzymes.	by screening a genomic library of burkholderia gladioli (formerly pseudomonas marginata) for clones exhibiting esterolytic activity, the gene for a novel-type esterase (estc) showing significant homology to plant enzymes could be isolated. high homology was found to two hydroxynitrile lyases originating from hevea brasiliensis (tropical rubber tree) and manihot esculenta (cassava), and to two proteins from oryza sativa (rice) that are specifically induced upon infection by pseudomonas syringae p ...	2000	11152069
quantitative trait loci for component physiological traits determining salt tolerance in rice.	rice (oryza sativa) is sensitive to salinity, which affects one-fifth of irrigated land worldwide. reducing sodium and chloride uptake into rice while maintaining potassium uptake are characteristics that would aid growth under saline conditions. we describe genetic determinants of the net quantity of ions transported to the shoot, clearly distinguishing between quantitative trait loci (qtl) for the quantity of ions in a shoot and for those that affect the concentration of an ion in the shoot. t ...	2001	11154348
sugar coordinately and differentially regulates growth- and stress-related gene expression via a complex signal transduction network and multiple control mechanisms.	in plants, sugars are required to sustain growth and regulate gene expression. a large set of genes are either up- or down-regulated by sugars; however, whether there is a common mechanism and signal transduction pathway for differential and coordinated sugar regulation remain unclear. in the present study, the rice (oryza sativa cv tainan 5) cell culture was used as a model system to address this question. sucrose and glucose both played dual functions in gene regulation as exemplified by the u ...	2001	11161045
a comparative molecular-physiological study of submergence response in lowland and deepwater rice.	survival of rice (oryza sativa) upon an extreme rise of the water level depends on rapid stem elongation, which is mediated by ethylene. a genomic clone (os-acs5) encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) synthase, which catalyzes a regulatory step in ethylene biosynthesis, has been isolated from cv ir36, a lowland rice variety. expression was induced upon short- and long-term submergence in cv ir36 and in cv plai ngam, a thai deepwater rice variety. under hypoxic conditions, abscisic ...	2001	11161052
distinct patterns of expression but similar biochemical properties of protein l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase in higher plants.	protein l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase is a widely distributed repair enzyme that initiates the conversion of abnormal l-isoaspartyl residues to their normal l-aspartyl forms. here we show that this activity is expressed in developing corn (zea mays) and carrot (daucus carota var. danvers half long) plants in patterns distinct from those previously seen in winter wheat (triticum aestivum cv augusta) and thale cress (arabidopsis thaliana), whereas the pattern of expression observed in rice (oryz ...	2001	11161058
aldose reductase in rice (oryza sativa l.): stress response and developmental specificity.	aldose reductase (ar) protein and enzyme (alditol: nad (p)(+) 1-oxidoreductase, ec 1.1.1.21) activity have been identified in mature seeds of indica rice cultivars. the protein begins to accumulate 15 days after pollination, reaches a peak at seed maturity and disappears upon imbibition. furthermore, ar is induced in vegetative tissues in response to exogenous aba application and other stress conditions, such as peg mediated water stress and salinity. increase in ar protein levels upon stress ar ...	0	11164587
regulation of proline accumulation in detached rice leaves exposed to excess copper.	accumulation of proline in response to excess cu was studied in detached leaves of rice (oryza sativa). cuso(4) was effective in inducing proline accumulation in detached rice leaves under both light and dark conditions. cuso(4) and cucl(2) were equally effective in inducing proline accumulation, indicating that proline accumulation is induced by cu. sulfate salts of mg, mn, and fe were ineffective in inducing proline accumulation in detached rice leaves. excess cu had no effect on relative wate ...	2001	11164600
survey of transposable elements from rice genomic sequences.	oryza sativa l. (domesticated rice) is a monocotyledonous plant, and its 430 mb genome has been targeted for complete sequencing. we performed a high-resolution computer-based survey for transposable elements on 910 kb of rice genomic dna sequences. both class i and ii transposable elements were present, contributing 19.9% of the sequences surveyed. class ii elements greatly outnumbered class i elements (166 versus 22), although class i elements made up a greater percentage (12.2% versus 6.6%) o ...	2001	11169193
heat shock-mediated apx gene expression and protection against chilling injury in rice seedlings.	rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings, when kept at 42 degrees c for 24 h before being kept at 5 degrees c for 7 d, did not develop chilling injury. chilling resistance was enhanced in parallel with the period of heat-treatment. the level of apx activity was higher in heated seedlings whereas cat activity was decreased by heat stress. there was no significant difference in sod activity between heated and unheated seedlings. the elevated activity of apx was sustained after 7 d of chilling. the cytosol ...	2001	11181723
[developmental genetic analysis of brown rice thickness of indica rice (oryza sativa l.)].	analysis of developmental genetic effects for brown rice thickness (brt) trait in indica rice (oryza sativa l.) at four different filling stages was conducted and a developmental genetic model and corresponding statistical approaches for quantitative traits of triploid endosperm in cereal crops was used. the results indicated that the diploid maternal plant, triploid endosperm and cytoplasmic genetic effects were important for brt trait at all filling stages of rice and those effects were the ma ...	2000	11192430
soil biochemical activity and growth response of rice oryza sativa in flyash amended soil.	soil amended with different proportions of flyash, a solid waste generated from coal-fired thermal power plants, was evaluated as a soil conditioner and nutrient supplement during a field study on the growth of rice, oryza sativa. generally, ph and organic carbon (oc) content did not increase significantly (p > 0.05) in flyash amended soil, but significant increases (p < 0.05) in soil conductivity (32%), available phosphorus (48%) and organic matter (om, 29%) were observed during harvest at the ...	2001	11198170
methanogenic archaea and co2-dependent methanogenesis on washed rice roots.	washed excised roots of rice (oryza sativa) immediately started to produce ch4 when they were incubated in phosphate buffer under anoxic conditions (n2 atmosphere), with initial rates varying between 2 and 70nmolh(-1)g(-1) dry weight of root material (mean +/- se: 20.3 +/- 5.9 nmol h(-1) g(-1) dry weight; n = 18). production of ch4 continued for at least 500 h, with rates usually decreasing slowly. ch4 production was not significantly affected by methyl fluoride, an inhibitor of acetoclastic met ...	1999	11207731
[production of herbicide-resistant rice with transforming heterogene].	using pahc20 (containing bar gene), pwrg1515 (containing gus gene and hygromycin phosphotransferase gene), and pcambia3300 rg with bar gene and snowdrop lectin (gna) gene as donor dna, the micro-adventitious shoots and the calli induced from mature embryos of oryza sativa 87203, eyi105, shangnong aromatic glutinous rice as recipients were transformed with particle bombardment and agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404 containing pal4404, respectively. after chosen with phosphinothricin and ant ...	2000	11209693
[qtls analysis of tiller angle in rice (oryza sativa l.)].	tiller angle is one of important characters that constitute plant type with great significance in breading. a pair of japonica/indica lines, which were significantly different in tiller angle, were used in this study. a dh population were constructed via anther culture of f1 hybrids. the tiller angles of 115 dh lines were measured. qtl analysis was conducted based on the constructed molecular linkage map. three qtls (qta-9a, qta-9b and qta-12) were detected on chromosome 9 and 12 respectively, t ...	2001	11209708
a comparative study of modified starches in direct compression of a water soluble drug-chloroquine phosphate.	some in vitro properties of chloroquine phosphate tablets formulated with four modified starches were investigated. the drug was formulated as tablets containing 250 mg of chloroquine phosphate and produced by the direct compression technique. the starches were isolated from maize, zea mays, rice, oryza sativa, cassava, manihot esculenta and cocoyam, zanthosoma sagittifolium. they were modified through physicochemical process, sta-rx 1500, a directly compressible starch was used as basis for com ...	2013	11213430
behavior of cinosulfuron in paddy surface waters, sediments, and ground water.	cinosulfuron (3-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-1-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-phenylsulfonyl]-urea) is a sulfonylurea herbicide used to control a wide range of broadleaf weeds in rice (oryza sativa l.). a 2-yr field study was conducted in northwest italy to determine the effect of cinosulfuron on surface and subsoil waters in rice paddies. cinosulfuron was applied at 70 g a.i. ha(-1) on 35 ha of flooded rice. after the treatment, the change in herbicide concentration over time was studied by analyzi ...	2015	11215644
preferential occurrence of diazotrophic endophytes, azoarcus spp., in wild rice species and land races of oryza sativa in comparison with modern races.	several diazotrophic species of azoarcus spp. occur as endophytes in the pioneer plant kallar grass. the purpose of this study was to screen asian wild rice and cultivated oryza sativa varieties for natural association with these endophytes. populations of culturable diazotrophs in surface-sterilized roots were characterized by 16s rdna sequence analysis, and azoarcus species were identified by genomic fingerprints. a. indigens and azoarcus sp. group c were detected only rarely, whereas azoarcus ...	2000	11220300
characterization of a rice (oryza sativa l.) bowman-birk proteinase inhibitor: tightly light regulated induction in response to cut, jasmonic acid, ethylene and protein phosphatase 2a inhibitors.	the bowman-birk (bb) family of proteinase inhibitors (pi), initially reported from legume seeds, and thereafter also from wounded alfalfa and maize leaves appear to be regulated in similar ways as the extensively characterized pi i and pi ii family from dicots. here, we report a first characterization of the expression profiles of a rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare) bbpi gene, osbbpi, which is part of a multigene family as demonstrated by genomic southern hybridization. osbbpi was found to b ...	2001	11223257
field evaluation of resistance of transgenic rice containing a synthetic cry1ab gene from bacillus thuringiensis berliner to two stem borers.	two transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) lines, kmd1 and kmd2 at the r4 generation, transformed with a synthetic cry1ab gene from bacillus thuringiensis berliner, were first evaluated for stem borer resistance in the field during the rice growing season of 1998 in two areas of zhejiang province, china. both kmd1 and kmd2 were highly resistant to the stem borers chilo suppressalis (walker) and scirpophaga incertulas (walker), and were completely undamaged during the whole rice growing season. in con ...	2001	11233125
[qtl analysis for epistatic effects and qtl x environment interaction effects on final height of rice (oryza sativa l.)].	qtls with epistatic effects and environmental interaction effects for final height of rice were studied by mixed-model based qtl mapping with a doubled haploid population from ir64/azucena in four environments. the results demonstrated the importance of epistasis as a genetic basis of the quantitative traits and also revealed several important features of this phenomenon. in the results, 100 per cent of qtls were involved in epistasis, of which 64 per cent were found with significant additive ef ...	2001	11233257
[differential accumulation of the new high-affinity phosphate transporter candidated gene fragment in rice roots in response to phosphorus deficiency stress].	phosphate is a major constraint to crop production, and phosphate uptake in plant is mainly by high-affinity phosphate transporter under phosphate deficiency condition. using rt-pcr, a 1,178 bp phosphate transporter gene fragment ojpt1 was cloned from roots of jingxi17 (oryza sativa l. ssp. japanica) supplied with no phosphate. the comparison of this sequence with ones in genbank indicated that it shared about 70% similarity at amino acid level with other phosphate transporters in higher plants, ...	2001	11233258
reproductive performance and milk production of damascus goats fed acacia shrubs or berseem clover hay in north sinai, egypt.	thirty-three adult damascus does (29 +/- 1.1 kg bw) were fed 0.6 kg per head per day of a concentrate diet plus ad libitum rice straw (oryza sativa, control, r), or green acacia (acacia saligna, a) or berseem clover hay (trifolium alexandrinum, b). all treatment groups had free access to underground saline water containing 3600 ppm tds. the dm intake was lower (p < 0.05) for the r group but did not differ between the other two groups. the dm intake of acacia was 0.64 kg per head per day (1.98% b ...	2001	11234194
the lax1 and frizzy panicle 2 genes determine the inflorescence architecture of rice by controlling rachis-branch and spikelet development.	we have analyzed two mutants that exhibit altered panicle architecture in rice (oryza sativa l.). in lax1-2, which is a new and stronger allele of the previously reported lax mutant, initiation and/or maintenance of rachis-branches, lateral spikelets, and terminal spikelets was severely prevented. in situ hybridization analysis using osh1, a rice knotted1 (kn1) ortholog, confirmed the absence of lateral meristems in lax1-2 panicles. these defects indicate that the lax1 gene is required for the i ...	2001	11237465
plant--fungal interactions: the search for phytoalexins and other antifungal compounds from higher plants.	a brief review is given of some biological, chemical and chemotaxonomic aspects of phytoalexin research. emphasis is placed on the search for antifungal compounds in the plant families leguminosae and rosaceae, and in rice, oryza sativa. the possible role of phytoalexins in the resistance of rice plants against the fungus pyricularia oryzae (= magnaporthe grisea) is discussed, and the future prospects of phytoalexin research are outlined.	2001	11243452
rice bioinformatics. analysis of rice sequence data and leveraging the data to other plant species.	rice (oryza sativa) is a model species for monocotyledonous plants, especially for members in the grass family. several attributes such as small genome size, diploid nature, transformability, and establishment of genetic and molecular resources make it a tractable organism for plant biologists. with an estimated genome size of 430 mb (arumuganathan and earle, 1991), it is feasible to obtain the complete genome sequence of rice using current technologies. an international effort has been establis ...	2001	11244096