Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| stage-specific suppression of basal defense discriminates barley plants containing fast- and delayed-acting mla powdery mildew resistance alleles. | nonspecific recognition of pathogen-derived general elicitors triggers the first line of plant basal defense, which in turn, preconditions the host towards resistance or susceptibility. to elucidate how basal defense responses influence the onset of mla (mildew resistance locus a)-specified resistance, we performed a meta-analysis of genechip mrna expression for 155 basal defense-related genes of barley (hordeum vulgare) challenged with blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, the causal agent of powder ... | 2006 | 16941898 |
| nonhost resistance of barley is successfully manifested against magnaporthe grisea and a closely related pennisetum-infecting lineage but is overcome by magnaporthe oryzae. | magnaporthe oryzae is a major pathogen of rice (oryza sativa l.) but is also able to infect other grasses, including barley (hordeum vulgare l.). here, we report a study using magnaporthe isolates collected from other host plant species to evaluate their capacity to infect barley. a nonhost type of resistance was detected in barley against isolates derived from genera pennisetum (fontaingrass) or digitaria (crabgrass), but no resistance occurred in response to isolates from rice, genus eleusine ... | 2006 | 16941905 |
| rmo1 confers blast resistance in barley and is located within the complex of resistance genes containing mla, a powdery mildew resistance gene. | isolates of magnaporthe oryzae (the causal agent of rice blast disease) can infect a range of grass species, including barley. we report that barley hordeum vulgare cv. baronesse and an experimental line, bcd47, show a range of resistance reactions to infection with two rice blast isolates. the complete resistance of baronesse to the isolate ken 54-20 is controlled by a single dominant gene, designated rmo1. rmo1 mapped to the same linkage map position on chromosome 1h as the powdery mildew resi ... | 2006 | 16941907 |
| an attempt to identify recombinants between two sobemoviruses in doubly infected oat plants. | recombination in rna viruses is considered to play a major role as a driving force in virus variability to counterbalance loss in fitness that can be due to the accumulation of detrimental mutations. studies on mixed infections are pertinent for understanding the role of recombination in virus evolution. they also provide important baseline information for studying the biosafety of plants expressing viral sequences. to investigate the possibility of rna recombination occurrence between two sobem ... | 2006 | 16978574 |
| barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | crop improvement is limited by the availability of valuable traits in sexually compatible species. access to new characters using genetic engineering would be of great value. barley has been transformed using microprojectile bombardment and by direct gene transfer to protoplasts, but neither method has been able to produce fertile transformants in large numbers with simple transgene integration characteristics. agrobacterium-mediated transformation was first achieved in 1997, and it has become t ... | 2006 | 16988343 |
| [the potential of 1,1'-hexamethylenebis [3-(3,5-dichloro-4-pyridyl)] urea to modify genotoxic actions of chemical mutagens in various test-systems]. | the main tasks of this investigation were to investigate the potential genotoxic effect of 1,1'-hexamethylenebis [3-(3,5-dichloro-4-pyridyl)] urea and to analyze its capacity to induce adaptive response (ar) against chemical mutagens in various test-systems. microbiological, cytogenetical and biochemical end-points were used. the sensitivity of test systems can be arranged as followed: human lymphocyte cultures > chlamydomonas reinhardtii > hordeum vulgare. it was obtained that hmpu can induce o ... | 2006 | 17020088 |
| rice plastidial n-glycosylated nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase is transported from the er-golgi to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway. | a nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (npp) activity that catalyzes the hydrolytic breakdown of adp-glucose (adpg) has been shown to occur in the plastidial compartment of both mono- and dicotyledonous plants. to learn more about this enzyme, we purified two npps from rice (oryza sativa) and barley (hordeum vulgare) seedlings. both enzymes are glycosylated, since they bind to concanavalin a, stain with periodic acid-schiff reagent, and are digested by endo-h. a complete rice npp cdna, d ... | 2006 | 17028208 |
| genetic diversity analysis of tibetan wild barley using ssr markers. | one hundred and six accessions of wild barley collected from tibet, china, including 50 entries of the two-rowed wild barley hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum (hs), 29 entries of the six-rowed wild barley hordeum vulgare ssp. agriocrithon (ha), and 27 entries of the six-rowed wild barley hordeum vulgare ssp. agriocrithon var. lagunculiforme (hl), were analyzed using 30 ssr markers selected from the seven barley linkage groups for studying genetic diversity and evolutionary relationship of the thre ... | 2006 | 17046592 |
| cloning and characterization of four b-hordein genes from tibetan hull-less barley (hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare). | four b-hordein genes, designated bh1-bh4, were cloned using pcr amplification from two hull-less barley cultivars, zq7239 and zq148, collected from tibet. the results of sequencing indicated that bh1-bh4 contained complete open reading frames (orfs). comparison of their predicted polypeptide sequences with the published sequences suggested that they all share the same basic protein structure. phylogenetic analysis indicated that the deduced amino-acid sequences of bh1-bh4 genes were more closely ... | 2006 | 17046594 |
| biotypic variation among north american russian wheat aphid (homoptera: aphididae) populations. | the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko) (homoptera: aphididae), has been a major economic pest of small grains in the western united states since its introduction in 1986. recently, a new russian wheat aphid biotype was discovered in southeastern colorado that damaged previously resistant wheat, triticum aestivum l. biotype development jeopardizes the durability of plant resistance, which has been a cornerstone for russian wheat aphid management. our objective was to assess the rela ... | 2006 | 17066823 |
| influence of instar and commodity on insecticidal effect of two diatomaceous earth formulations against larvae of ephestia kuehniella (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | laboratory experiments were carried out to evaluate the insecticidal effect of two diatomaceous earth (de) formulations, silicosec and pyrisec, against larvae of ephestia kuehniella zeller (lepidoptera: pyralidae). three instars were tested: first, third and fifth. the test was conducted in six commodities: barley hordeum vulgare (l.) (gramminae), rye secale cereale l. (gramminae), wheat triticum sp. (gramminae), wheat + 10% cracked wheat, wheat + 30% cracked wheat, and wheat flour. quantities o ... | 2006 | 17066829 |
| multivesicular compartments proliferate in susceptible and resistant mla12-barley leaves in response to infection by the biotrophic powdery mildew fungus. | there is growing evidence that multivesicular bodies and cell wall-associated paramural bodies participate in the enhanced vesicle trafficking induced by pathogen attack. here, we performed transmission electron microscopy in combination with cytochemical localization of h2o2 to investigate multivesicular compartments during establishment of compatible interaction in susceptible barley (hordeum vulgare) and during hypersensitive response in resistant mla12-barley infected by the barley powdery m ... | 2006 | 17083686 |
| germanium-68 as an adequate tracer for silicon transport in plants. characterization of silicon uptake in different crop species. | a basic problem in silicon (si) uptake studies in biology is the lack of an appropriate radioactive isotope. radioactive germanium-68 ((68)ge) has been used previously as a si tracer in biological materials, but its suitability for the study of si transport in higher plants is still untested. in this study, we investigated (68)ge-traced si uptake by four crop species differing widely in uptake capacity for si, including rice (oryza sativa), barley (hordeum vulgare), cucumber (cucumis sativus), a ... | 2007 | 17098850 |
| arabidopsis sucrose transporter atsuc9. high-affinity transport activity, intragenic control of expression, and early flowering mutant phenotype. | atsuc9 (at5g06170), a sucrose (suc) transporter from arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) l. heynh., was expressed in xenopus (xenopus laevis) oocytes, and transport activity was analyzed. compared to all other suc transporters, atsuc9 had an ultrahigh affinity for suc (k(0.5) = 0.066 +/- 0.025 mm). atsuc9 showed low substrate specificity, similar to atsuc2 (at1g22710), and transported a wide range of glucosides, including helicin, salicin, arbutin, maltose, fraxin, esculin, turanose, and alpha-me ... | 2007 | 17098854 |
| structural and functional diversity within the cystatin gene family of hordeum vulgare. | phytocystatins are inhibitors of cysteine proteinases from plants putatively involved in defence and as endogenous regulators of protein turnover. seven genes encoding cystatins (hvcpi-1 to hvcpi-7), identified from est collections and from an endosperm cdna library, have been characterized. the intron-exon structure of their corresponding orfs has been determined and the predicted three-dimensional models for the seven barley cystatins have been established, based on the known crystal structure ... | 2006 | 17099080 |
| ecotoxicity monitoring of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil during bioremediation: a case study. | the ecotoxicity of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil originating from a brownfield site was evaluated during a 17-month biodegradation pilot test. the initial concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (tphs) in the soil was 6380 microg/g dry weight. an amount of 200 kg soil was inoculated with 1.5 l of the bacterial preparation gem-100 containing pseudomonas sp. and acinetobacter sp. strains (5.3 x 10(10) cfu.ml(-1)) adapted to diesel fuel. the concentration of tphs in the soil decreased by 65.5 ... | 2007 | 17106791 |
| short vegetative phase-like mads-box genes inhibit floral meristem identity in barley. | analysis of the functions of short vegetative phase (svp)-like mads-box genes in barley (hordeum vulgare) indicated a role in determining meristem identity. three svp-like genes are expressed in vegetative tissues of barley: barley mads1 (bm1), bm10, and vegetative to reproductive transition gene 2. these genes are induced by cold but are repressed during floral development. ectopic expression of bm1 inhibited spike development and caused floral reversion in barley, with florets at the base of t ... | 2007 | 17114273 |
| protein polyubiquitination plays a role in basal host resistance of barley. | to study protein ubiquitination pathways in the interaction of barley (hordeum vulgare) with the powdery mildew fungus (blumeria graminis), we measured protein turnover and performed transient-induced gene silencing (tigs) of ubiquitin and 26s proteasome subunit encoding genes in epidermal cells. attack by b. graminis hyperdestabilized a novel unstable green fluorescent protein fusion that contains a destabilization domain of a putative barley 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, suggesti ... | 2006 | 17114351 |
| recessiveness and dominance in barley mutants deficient in mg-chelatase subunit d, an aaa protein involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis. | mg-chelatase catalyzes the insertion of mg2+ into protoporphyrin ix at the first committed step of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. it consists of three subunits: i, d, and h. the i subunit belongs to the aaa protein superfamily (atpases associated with various cellular activities) that is known to form hexameric ring structures in an atp-dependant fashion. dominant mutations in the i subunit revealed that it functions in a cooperative manner. we demonstrated that the d subunit forms atp-in ... | 2006 | 17158606 |
| effects of meals with high soluble fibre, high amylose barley variant on glucose, insulin, satiety and thermic effect of food in healthy lean women. | to examine the effect of barley flour (barley cultivar, hordeum vulgare var himalaya 292) incorporated into breakfast and lunch compared with otherwise identical meals containing white wheat flour on the thermic effect of food (tef), subsequent food intake and metabolic parameters. | 2007 | 17164830 |
| a comprehensive analysis of the 14-3-3 interactome in barley leaves using a complementary proteomics and two-hybrid approach. | this study describes the identification of over 150 target proteins of the five 14-3-3 isoforms in 7-d-old barley (hordeum vulgare) cv himalaya seedlings using yeast two-hybrid screens complemented with 14-3-3 protein affinity purification and tandem mass spectrometry. independent experiments for a subset of genes confirmed the yeast two-hybrid interactions, demonstrating a low false positive identification rate. these combined approaches resulted in the identification of more than 150 putative ... | 2007 | 17172288 |
| genetic transformation of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) via infection of androgenetic pollen cultures with agrobacterium tumefaciens. | a novel genetic transformation method for barley (hordeum vulgare l.), based on infection of androgenetic pollen cultures with agrobacterium tumefaciens, is presented. winter-type barley cv. 'igri' was amenable to stable integration of transgenes mediated by a. tumefaciens strain lba4404 harbouring a vector system that confers hypervirulence, or by the non-hypervirulent strain gv3101 with a standard binary vector. the efficacy of gene transfer was substantially influenced by pollen pre-culture t ... | 2006 | 17177801 |
| the family of dof transcription factors: from green unicellular algae to vascular plants. | this article deals with the origin and evolution of the dof transcription factor family through a phylogenetic analysis of those dof sequences identified from a variety of representative organisms from different taxonomic groups: the green unicellular alga chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the moss physcomitrella patens, the fern selaginella moellendorffii, the gymnosperm pinus taeda, the dicotyledoneous arabidopsis thaliana and the monocotyledoneous angiosperms oryza sativa and hordeum vulgare. in bar ... | 2007 | 17180359 |
| evaluation of chemical and ecotoxicological characteristics of biodegradable organic residues for application to agricultural land. | the use of organic waste and compost as a source of organic matter and nutrients is a common practice to improve soil physico-chemical properties, meanwhile reducing the need for inorganic fertilisers. official guidelines to assess sewage sludge and compost quality are mostly based on total metal content of these residues. measurement of the total concentration of metals may be useful as a general index of contamination, but provides inadequate or little information about their bioavailability, ... | 2007 | 17188749 |
| varietal effects of eight paired lines of transgenic bt maize and near-isogenic non-bt maize on soil microbial and nematode community structure. | a glasshouse experiment was undertaken to provide baseline data on the variation between conventional maize (zea mays l.) varieties and genetically modified maize plants expressing the insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis protein (bt, cry1ab). the objective was to determine whether the variation in soil parameters under a range of conventional maize cultivars exceeded the differences between bt and non-bt maize cultivars. variations in plant growth parameters (shoot and root biomass, percentage c ... | 2007 | 17207257 |
| genetic structure in natural populations of barley/cereal yellow dwarf virus isolates from alaska. | the genetic structure of natural populations of alaskan barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv)-pav, bydv-pas, and cereal yellow dwarf virus (cydv)-rpv from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and oats (avena sativa l.) in alaska were analyzed between 2002 and 2004. pcr products spanning the viral coat protein gene of 187 isolates were cloned and sequenced. the majority (78%) were similar to bydv-pas, 19% were similar to cydv-rpv, and only about 3% resembled bydv-pav. the cydv-rpv isolates clustered in three g ... | 2007 | 17216137 |
| plant gene and alternatively spliced variant annotator. a plant genome annotation pipeline for rice gene and alternatively spliced variant identification with cross-species expressed sequence tag conservation from seven plant species. | the completion of the rice (oryza sativa) genome draft has brought unprecedented opportunities for genomic studies of the world's most important food crop. previous rice gene annotations have relied mainly on ab initio methods, which usually yield a high rate of false-positive predictions and give only limited information regarding alternative splicing in rice genes. comparative approaches based on expressed sequence tags (ests) can compensate for the drawbacks of ab initio methods because they ... | 2007 | 17220363 |
| effects of low phytate barley (hordeum vulgare l.) on zinc utilization in young broiler chicks. | two 21-d experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of low phytate barley (lpb) on zn utilization by young broiler chicks and to determine the contribution of endogenous phytase, present in lpb. in the first experiment, ninety-six 1-d-old male chicks were assigned to a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (4 pens of 4 chicks/treatment). factors were barley type [wild-type barley (wtb) and lpb mutant m 955] and supplemental zn (0, 10, or 20 mg of zn/kg). in the second experiment, two ... | 2007 | 17234843 |
| analyses of barley spike mutant waxes identify alkenes, cyclopropanes and internally branched alkanes with dominating isomers at carbon 9. | about 15% of the epidermal wax on hordeum vulgare cv. bonus barley spikes is n-alkanes. longer homologues are greatly reduced in the eceriferum mutants, cer-a(6), cer-e(8), cer-n(26), cer-n(53), cer-n(985), cer-x(60), cer-yc(135) and cer-yl(187). simultaneously hydrocarbons accounting for only traces in the wild-type become prominent in the mutants, although their chain-length distributions remain unchanged. accordingly several new hydrocarbon series were identified. the two major ones were c(23 ... | 2007 | 17241448 |
| comparative assessment of genetic diversity in wild and primitive cultivated barley in a center of diversity. | wild barley (hordeum spontaneum k.) and indigenous primitive varieties of cultivated barley (hordeum vulgare l.), collected from 43 locations in four eastern mediterranean countries, jordan, syria, turkey and greece, were electrophoretically assayed for genetic diversity at 16 isozyme loci. contrary to a common impression, cultivated barley populations were found to maintain a level of diversity similar to that in its wild progenitor species. apportionment of overall diversity in the region show ... | 1988 | 17246441 |
| adaptive climatic molecular evolution in wild barley at the isa defense locus. | wild barley (hordeum spontaneum) represents a significant genetic resource for crop improvement in barley (hordeum vulgare) and for the study of the evolution and domestication of plant populations. the isa gene from barley has a putative role in plant defense. this gene encodes a bifunctional alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor that inhibits the bacterial serine protease subtilisin, fungal xylanase, and the plant's own alpha-amylase. the inhibition of plant alpha-amylases suggests this protein m ... | 2007 | 17301230 |
| wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatases (minpps) are phytases expressed during grain filling and germination. | at present, little is known about the phytases of plant seeds in spite of the fact that this group of enzymes is the primary determinant for the utilization of the major phosphate storage compound in seeds, phytic acid. we report the cloning and characterization of complementary dnas (cdnas) encoding one of the groups of enzymes with phytase activity, the multiple inositol phosphate phosphatases (minpps). four wheat cdnas (taphyiia1, taphyiia2, taphyiib and taphyiic) and three barley cdnas (hvph ... | 2007 | 17309687 |
| an unusual posttranscriptional processing in two betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase loci of cereal crops directed by short, direct repeats in response to stress conditions. | various abilities to synthesize and accumulate glycine betaine (gb) are crucial for angiosperms to develop salt and drought tolerances. in higher plants, gb is synthesized by a two-step oxidation of choline via an intermediate form of betaine aldehyde, and catalyzed by choline monooxygenase and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh). in this study, numerous truncated and/or recombinant transcripts of two badh homologs resulting from an unusual posttranscriptional processing were detected in rice ... | 2007 | 17337526 |
| kinetics of the inhibition of fusarium serine proteinases by barley (hordeum vulgare l.) inhibitors. | fungal infections of barley and wheat cause devastating losses of these food crops. the endogenous proteinase inhibitors produced by plant seeds probably defend the plants from pathogens by inhibiting the degradation of their proteins by the pathogen proteases. we have studied the interactions of barley grain inhibitors with the subtilisin-like and trypsinlike proteinases of fusarium culmorum. the inhibition kinetics of three inhibitor proteins, chymotrypsin/subtilisin inhibitor 2 (ci-2), barley ... | 2007 | 17341093 |
| identification of prevalent potyvirus on maize and johnsongrass in corn fields of tehran province of iran and a study on some of its properties. | during a growing season in 2004, 231 leaf samples of virus infected and mosaic and dwarf mosaic symptoms showing maize (zea mays l.) plants and 258 leaf samples of mosaic showing johnsongrass (sorghum halepens l.) plants from various corn fields in tehran province were collected. serological tests of das-elisa and diba were performed on samples using antisera of sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv), maize dwarf mosaic virus (mdmv), sorghum mosaic virus (srmv) and johnsongrasss mosaic virus (jgmv). in b ... | 2006 | 17390895 |
| the della domain of ga insensitive mediates the interaction with the ga insensitive dwarf1a gibberellin receptor of arabidopsis. | gibberellic acid (ga) promotes seed germination, elongation growth, and flowering time in plants. ga responses are repressed by della proteins, which contain an n-terminal della domain essential for ga-dependent proteasomal degradation of della repressors. mutations of or within the della domain of della repressors have been described for species including arabidopsis thaliana, wheat (triticum aestivum), maize (zea mays), and barley (hordeum vulgare), and we show that these mutations confer ga i ... | 2007 | 17416730 |
| mapping of major spot-type and net-type net-blotch resistance genes in the ethiopian barley line ci 9819. | net blotch of barley (hordeum vulgare l.), caused by the fungal phytopathogen pyrenophora teres drechs. f. teres smedeg., constitutes one of the most serious constraints to barley production worldwide. two forms of the disease, the net form, caused by p. teres f. teres, and the spot form, caused by p. teres f. maculata, are differentiated by the type of symptoms on leaves. several barley lines with major gene resistance to net blotch have been identified. earlier, one of these was mapped in the ... | 2006 | 17426771 |
| barley mlo modulates actin-dependent and actin-independent antifungal defense pathways at the cell periphery. | cell polarization is a crucial process during plant development, as well as in plant-microbe interactions, and is frequently associated with extensive cytoskeletal rearrangements. in interactions of plants with inappropriate fungal pathogens (so-called non-host interactions), the actin cytoskeleton is thought to contribute to the establishment of effective barriers at the cell periphery against fungal ingress. here, we impeded actin cytoskeleton function in various types of disease resistance us ... | 2007 | 17449647 |
| promoter analysis of iron-deficiency-inducible barley ids3 gene in arabidopsis and tobacco plants. | under conditions of iron deficiency, graminaceous plants induce the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of mugineic acid family phytosiderophores. we previously identified the novel cis-acting elements ide1 and ide2 (iron-deficiency-responsive element 1 and 2) through promoter analysis of the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) iron-deficiency-inducible ids2 gene in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.). to gain further insight into plant gene regulation under iron deficiency, we analyzed the barl ... | 2007 | 17467282 |
| a single binding site mediates resistance- and disease-associated activities of the effector protein nip1 from the barley pathogen rhynchosporium secalis. | the effector protein nip1 from the barley (hordeum vulgare) pathogen rhynchosporium secalis specifically induces the synthesis of defense-related proteins in cultivars of barley expressing the complementary resistance gene, rrs1. in addition, it stimulates the activity of the barley plasma membrane h(+)-atpase in a genotype-unspecific manner and it induces necrotic lesions in leaf tissues of barley and other cereal plant species. nip1 variants type i and ii, which display quantitative difference ... | 2007 | 17478637 |
| contrasting patterns in crop domestication and domestication rates: recent archaeobotanical insights from the old world. | archaeobotany, the study of plant remains from sites of ancient human activity, provides data for studying the initial evolution of domesticated plants. an important background to this is defining the domestication syndrome, those traits by which domesticated plants differ from wild relatives. these traits include features that have been selected under the conditions of cultivation. from archaeological remains the easiest traits to study are seed size and in cereal crops the loss of natural seed ... | 2007 | 17495986 |
| interspecies compatibility of nas1 gene promoters. | nicotianamine and nicotianamine synthase (nas) play key roles in iron nutrition in all higher plants. however, the mechanism underlying the regulation of nas expression differs among plant species. sequences homologous to iron deficiency-responsive elements (ides), i.e., cis-acting elements, are found on the promoters of these genes. we aimed to verify the interspecies compatibility of the fe-deficiency response of nas1 genes and understand the universal mechanisms that regulate their expression ... | 2007 | 17524656 |
| characterization of a multifunctional inositol phosphate kinase from rice and barley belonging to the atp-grasp superfamily. | osipk and hvipk, inositol phosphate kinases, were cloned from rice (oryza sativa l. var. indica, ir64) and barley (hordeum vulgare) respectively. sequence alignment showed that they belong to the atp-grasp family, which includes inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase from humans and arabidopsis. residues that are binding sites for atp and coordinate magnesium in absence or presence of inositol phosphate are conserved and in total 23 residues are invariant among the twelve aligned inositol phosp ... | 2007 | 17531407 |
| complete chloroplast genome sequences of hordeum vulgare, sorghum bicolor and agrostis stolonifera, and comparative analyses with other grass genomes. | comparisons of complete chloroplast genome sequences of hordeum vulgare, sorghum bicolor and agrostis stolonifera to six published grass chloroplast genomes reveal that gene content and order are similar but two microstructural changes have occurred. first, the expansion of the ir at the ssc/ira boundary that duplicates a portion of the 5' end of ndhh is restricted to the three genera of the subfamily pooideae (agrostis, hordeum and triticum). second, a 6 bp deletion in ndhk is shared by agrosti ... | 2007 | 17534593 |
| development and molecular cytogenetic identification of new winter wheat--winter barley ('martonvásári 9 kr1' - 'igri') disomic addition lines. | this paper describes a series of winter wheat - winter barley disomic addition lines developed from hybrids between winter wheat line triticum aestivum l. 'martonvásári 9 kr1' and the german 2-rowed winter barley cultivar hordeum vulgare l. 'igri'. the barley chromosomes in a wheat background were identified from the fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) patterns obtained with various combinations of repetitive dna probes: gaa-hvt01 and pta71-hvt01. the disomic addition lines 2h, 3h, and 4h a ... | 2007 | 17546070 |
| expression levels of barley cbf genes at the frost resistance-h2 locus are dependent upon alleles at fr-h1 and fr-h2. | genetic analyses have identified two loci in wheat and barley that mediate the capacity to overwinter in temperate climates. one locus co-segregates with vrn-1, which affects the vernalization requirement. this locus is known as frost resistance-1 (fr-1). the second locus, fr-2, is coincident with a cluster of more than 12 cbf genes. cbf homologs in arabidopsis thaliana play a key regulatory role in cold acclimatization and the acquisition of freezing tolerance. here we report that the hordeum v ... | 2007 | 17559507 |
| heterologous expression of vitreoscilla haemoglobin in barley (hordeum vulgare). | the vhb gene encoding vitreoscilla haemoglobin (vhb) was transferred to barley with the aim of studying the role of oxygen availability in germination and growth. previous findings indicate that vhb expression improves the efficiency of energy generation during oxygen-limited growth, and germination is known to be an energy demanding growth stage during which the embryos also suffer from oxygen deficiency. when subjected to oxygen deficiency, the roots of vhb-expressing barley plants showed a sm ... | 2007 | 17569049 |
| igentifier: indexing and large-scale profiling of unknown transcriptomes. | development and refinement of methods to analyse differential gene expression has been essential in the progress of molecular biology. a novel approach called igentifier is presented for profiling known and unknown transcriptomes, thus bypassing a major limitation in microarray analysis. the igentifier technology combines elements of fragment display (e.g. differential display or rmdd) and tag sequencing (e.g. sage, mpss) and allows for analysis of samples in high throughput using current capill ... | 2007 | 17591615 |
| hvpip1;6, a barley (hordeum vulgare l.) plasma membrane water channel particularly expressed in growing compared with non-growing leaf tissues. | the aim of the present study was to identify water channel(s) which are expressed specifically in the growth zone of grass leaves and may facilitate growth-associated water uptake into cells. previously, a gene had been described (hvemip) which encodes a membrane intrinsic protein (mip) and which is particularly expressed in the base 1 cm of barley primary leaves. the functionality of the encoding protein was not known. in the present study on leaf 3 of barley (hordeum vulgare l.), a clone was i ... | 2007 | 17602190 |
| a mathematical model on the effect of m. denticulata weed on different winter crops. | many weeds interfere with the productivity of wheat and other winter annual crops; however, one common weed medicago denticulata, appears to have a beneficial effect. an experiment was conducted at agricultural experimental farm of the indian statistical institute, giridih, jharkhand to observe the effect of m. denticulata (a legume) on different crops yield of barley (hordeum vulgare sensu lato), linseed (linum usitatissimum l.), indian mustard [brassica juncea (l.) czernj. & cosson] and wheat ... | 2007 | 17602829 |
| an aluminum-activated citrate transporter in barley. | soluble ionic aluminum (al) inhibits root growth and reduces crop production on acid soils. al-resistant cultivars of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) detoxify al by secreting citrate from the roots, but the responsible gene has not been identified yet. here, we identified a gene (hvaact1) responsible for the al-activated citrate secretion by fine mapping combined with microarray analysis, using an al-resistant cultivar, murasakimochi, and an al-sensitive cultivar, morex. this gene belongs to the mul ... | 2007 | 17634181 |
| coupling short-term changes in ambient uv-b levels with induction of uv-screening compounds. | a substantial number of studies have been conducted over the last several decades to assess the potential impacts of long-term increases in ultraviolet-b radiation (uv-b between 280 and 320 nm) that will result from continued depletion of stratospheric ozone. however, seasonal changes, tropospheric chemistry and cloudiness are the dominant factors controlling ambient uv-b levels on a short-term or daily basis. the effects of short-term changes in uv-b on plant growth, phytochemistry and physiolo ... | 2007 | 17645657 |
| cloning and functional expression in saccharomyces cereviae of a k+ transporter, alhak, from the graminaceous halophyte, aeluropus littoralis. | high-affinity k(+) transporters play an important role in k(+) absorption of plants. we isolated a hak gene from aeluropus littoralis, a graminaceous halophyte. the amino acid sequence of alhak showed high homology with hak transporters obtained from oryza sativa (82%) and hordeum vulgare (82%). when expressed in saccharomyces cereviae wdelta3, alhak performed high-affinity k(+) uptake with a k(m) value of 8 mum, and the growth of transformants was dramatically inhibited by 150 mm rb(+) and 150 ... | 2007 | 17657411 |
| heavy-metal stress induced accumulation of chitinase isoforms in plants. | plant chitinases belong to so-called pathogenesis related proteins and have mostly been detected in plants exposed to phytopathogenic viruses, bacteria or fungi. a few studies revealed that they might also be involved in plant defence against heavy metals. this work was undertaken to monitor the accumulation of chitinases in a set of heavy-metal stressed plants and bring evidence on their involvement during this kind of stress. roots of different plant species including vicia faba cvs. astar and ... | 2008 | 17701287 |
| magnaporthe grisea cutinase2 mediates appressorium differentiation and host penetration and is required for full virulence. | the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea infects its host by forming a specialized infection structure, the appressorium, on the plant leaf. the enormous turgor pressure generated within the appressorium drives the emerging penetration peg forcefully through the plant cuticle. hitherto, the involvement of cutinase(s) in this process has remained unproven. we identified a specific m. grisea cutinase, cut2, whose expression is dramatically upregulated during appressorium maturation and penetration ... | 2007 | 17704215 |
| rice pseudomolecule-anchored cross-species dna sequence alignments indicate regional genomic variation in expressed sequence conservation. | various methods have been developed to explore inter-genomic relationships among plant species. here, we present a sequence similarity analysis based upon comparison of transcript-assembly and methylation-filtered databases from five plant species and physically anchored rice coding sequences. | 2007 | 17708759 |
| identification of potentially toxic compounds in complex extracts of environmental samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis. | in this study, we examined 31 samples of varying chemical composition, including samples of soils from gasworks, coke production sites, and sites where wood preservatives were heavily used; ash and soot from municipal solid waste incinerators; antiskid sand; and dust from areas with heavy road traffic. the samples were comprehensively chemically characterized, especially their polycyclic aromatic compound contents, using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, whereas their biologic ... | 2007 | 17713206 |
| time allocation of a parasitoid foraging in heterogeneous vegetation: implications for host-parasitoid interactions. | 1. changing plant composition in a community can have profound consequences for herbivore and parasitoid population dynamics. to understand such effects, studies are needed that unravel the underlying behavioural decisions determining the responses of parasitoids to complex habitats. 2. the searching behaviour of the parasitoid diadegma semiclausum was followed in environments with different plant species composition. in the middle of these environments, two brassica oleracea plants infested by ... | 2007 | 17714262 |
| indirect enzyme-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of taxi and xip type xylanase inhibitors in wheat and other cereals. | to quantify triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi) and xylanase inhibiting protein (xip) type proteins in cereals in general and wheat ( t. aestivum) in particular, a robust enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using an uncommon enzyme-antibody sandwich format was developed. bacillus subtilis glycoside hydrolase family (gh) 11 and aspergillus oryzae gh 10 xylanases were selected for coating elisa plate wells to capture taxi and xip, respectively, prior to probing with antibodies. the d ... | 2007 | 17715986 |
| the importance of barley genetics and domestication in a global perspective. | archaeological evidence has revealed that barley (hordeum vulgare) is one of the oldest crops used by ancient farmers. studies of the time and place of barley domestication may help in understanding ancient human civilization. | 2007 | 17761690 |
| steam-girdling of barley (hordeum vulgare) leaves leads to carbohydrate accumulation and accelerated leaf senescence, facilitating transcriptomic analysis of senescence-associated genes. | leaf senescence can be described as the dismantling of cellular components during a specific time interval before cell death. this has the effect of remobilizing n in the form of amino acids that can be relocalized to developing seeds. high levels of carbohydrates have previously been shown to promote the onset of the senescence process. carbohydrate accumulation in barley (hordeum vulgare) plants was induced experimentally by steam-girdling at the leaf base, occluding the phloem, and gene regul ... | 2007 | 17803641 |
| the nonrandom distribution of long clusters of all possible classes of trinucleotide repeats in barley chromosomes. | this paper is the first to report the long-range organization of all possible classes of trinucleotide motifs in a higher plant genome. fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish), employing the synthetic oligonucleotides (aac)5, (aag)5, (aat)5, (agg)5, (cac)5, (cat)5, (cag)5, (act)5, (acg)5 and (gcc)5, was used to characterize the nonrandom and motif-dependent distribution of tandem arrays of trinucleotide repeats in the metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). t ... | 2007 | 17874212 |
| strobilurin fungicides induce changes in photosynthetic gas exchange that do not improve water use efficiency of plants grown under conditions of water stress. | the effects of five strobilurin (beta-methoxyacrylate) fungicides and one triazole fungicide on the physiological parameters of well-watered or water-stressed wheat (triticum aestivum l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and soya (glycine max merr.) plants were compared. water use efficiency (wue) (the ratio of rate of transpiration, e, to net rate of photosynthesis, a(n)) of well-watered wheat plants was improved slightly by strobilurin fungicides, but was reduced in water-stressed plants, so there ... | 2007 | 17912684 |
| antagonistic control of powdery mildew host cell entry by barley calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks). | calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) are known to play pivotal roles in intracellular signaling during abiotic and biotic stress responses. to unravel potential functions of cdpks in the course of barley (hordeum vulgare)-powdery mildew (blumeria graminis) interactions, we systematically analyzed the hvcdpk gene family. we found that, according to the existence of respective expressed sequence tags, at least nine paralogs are expressed in the barley leaf epidermis, the sole target tissue of ... | 2007 | 17918623 |
| wholegrain foods made from a novel high-amylose barley variety (himalaya 292) improve indices of bowel health in human subjects. | himalaya 292 (hordeum vulgare var. himalaya 292) is a novel hull-less barley variety lacking activity of a key enzyme of starch synthesis giving a grain containing less total starch, more amylose and higher total dietary fibre. animal trials have shown that himalaya 292 contains more resistant starch and has greater positive impact on biomarkers of large-bowel health than comparable wholegrain cereal products. the present study compared the effects of foods made from wholegrain himalaya 292 with ... | 2008 | 17919346 |
| host surface properties affect prepenetration processes in the barley powdery mildew fungus. | the initial contact between blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei and its host barley (hordeum vulgare) takes place on epicuticular waxes at the surfaces of aerial plant organs. here, the extent to which chemical composition, crystal structure and hydrophobicity of cuticular waxes affect fungal prepenetration processes was explored. the leaf surface properties of barley eceriferum (cer) wax mutants were characterized in detail. barley leaves and artificial surfaces were used to investigate the early ev ... | 2008 | 17937760 |
| distribution and diversity of russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) biotypes in north america. | wheat, triticum aestivum l., with russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae) resistance based on the dn4 gene has been important in managing russian wheat aphid since 1994. recently, five biotypes (rwa1-rwa5) of this aphid have been described based on their ability to differentially damage rwa resistance genes in wheat. rwa2, rwa4, and rwa5 are of great concern because they can kill wheat with dn4 resistance. in 2005, 365 russian wheat aphid clone colonies were made ... | 2007 | 17972648 |
| variation to cause host injury between russian wheat aphid (homoptera: aphididae) clones virulent to dn4 wheat. | biotypes are infraspecific classifications based on biological rather than morphological characteristics. cereal aphids are managed primarily by host plant resistance, and they often develop biotypes that injure or kill previously resistant plants. although molecular genetic variation within aphid biotypes has been well documented, little is known about phenotypic variation, especially virulence or the biotype's ability to cause injury to cultivars with specific resistance genes. five clones (si ... | 2007 | 17972649 |
| transcriptome analysis of trichothecene-induced gene expression in barley. | fusarium head blight, caused primarily by fusarium graminearum, is a major disease problem on barley (hordeum vulgare l.). trichothecene mycotoxins produced by the fungus during infection increase the aggressiveness of the fungus and promote infection in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). loss-of-function mutations in the tri5 gene in f. graminearum result in the inability to synthesize trichothecenes and in reduced virulence on wheat. we examined the impact of pathogen-derived trichothecenes on viru ... | 2007 | 17977148 |
| a set of modular binary vectors for transformation of cereals. | genetic transformation of crop plants offers the possibility of testing hypotheses about the function of individual genes as well as the exploitation of transgenes for targeted trait improvement. however, in most cereals, this option has long been compromised by tedious and low-efficiency transformation protocols, as well as by the lack of versatile vector systems. after having adopted and further improved the protocols for agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation of barley (hordeum vulgare) ... | 2007 | 17981986 |
| discrete developmental roles for temperate cereal grass vernalization1/fruitfull-like genes in flowering competency and the transition to flowering. | members of the grass subfamily pooideae are characterized by their adaptation to cool temperate climates. vernalization is the process whereby flowering is accelerated in response to a prolonged period of cold. winter cereals are tolerant of low temperatures and flower earlier with vernalization, whereas spring cultivars are intolerant of low temperatures and flower later with vernalization. in the pooid grasses wheat (triticum monococcum, triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare), vernali ... | 2008 | 18024551 |
| cloning and functional analysis of a novel aldo-keto reductase from aloe arborescens. | a novel aldo-keto reductase (akr) was cloned and sequenced from roots of aloe arborescens by a combination of rt-pcr using degenerate primers based on the conserved sequences of plant polyketide reductases (pkrs) and cdna library screening by oligonucleotide hybridization. a. arborescens akr share similarities with known plant akrs (40-66% amino acid sequence identity), maintaining most of the active-site residues conserved in the akr superfamily enzymes. interestingly, despite the sequence simi ... | 2007 | 18057709 |
| isolate specificity of quantitative trait loci for partial resistance of barley to puccinia hordei confirmed in mapping populations and near-isogenic lines. | partial resistance is considered race-nonspecific and durable, consistent with the concept of 'horizontal' resistance. however, detailed observations of partial resistance to leaf rust (puccinia hordei) in barley (hordeum vulgare) revealed small cultivar x isolate interactions, suggesting a minor-gene-for-minor-gene interaction model, similar to so-called 'vertical' resistance. three consistent quantitative trait loci (qtls), labelled rphq2, rphq3 and rphq4, that were detected in the cross susce ... | 2008 | 18069952 |
| tamsh7: a cereal mismatch repair gene that affects fertility in transgenic barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | chromosome pairing, recombination and dna repair are essential processes during meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms. investigating the bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) ph2 (pairing homoeologous) locus has identified numerous candidate genes that may have a role in controlling such processes, including tamsh7, a plant specific member of the dna mismatch repair family. | 2007 | 18096080 |
| similarities in the chromosomal distribution of ag and ac repeats within and between drosophila, human and barley chromosomes. | two simple sequence repeats (ssrs), ag and ac, were mapped directly in the metaphase chromosomes of man and barley (hordeum vulgare l.), and in the metaphase and polytene chromosomes of drosophila melanogaster. to this end, synthetic oligonucleotides corresponding to (ag)(12) and (ac)(8) were labelled by the random primer technique and used as probes in fluorescent in situ hybridisation (fish) under high stringency and strict washing conditions. the distribution and intensity of the signals for ... | 2007 | 18160787 |
| the nadph-dependent thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin system in germinating barley seeds: gene expression, protein profiles, and interactions between isoforms of thioredoxin h and thioredoxin reductase. | the nadph-dependent thioredoxin reductase (ntr)/thioredoxin (trx) system catalyzes disulfide bond reduction in the cytoplasm and mitochondrion. trx h is suggested to play an important role in seed development, germination, and seedling growth. plants have multiple isoforms of trx h and ntr; however, little is known about the roles of the individual isoforms. trx h isoforms from barley (hordeum vulgare) seeds (hvtrxh1 and hvtrxh2) were characterized previously. in this study, two ntr isoforms (hv ... | 2008 | 18162587 |
| [hordein locus polymorphism of cultivated barley (hordeum vulgare l.) in turkey]. | starch gel electrophoresis has been used to study the polymorphism of hordeins encoded by the hrd a, hrd b, and hrd f loci in 93 landrace specimens of barley assigned to 17 ancient provinces located in modem turkey. forty-five alleles of hrd a with frequencies of 0.11-29.34%, 51 alleles of hrd b with frequencies of 0.11-8.07%, and 5 alleles of hrd f with frequencies of 0.75-41.29% have been detected. cluster analysis of the matrix of allele frequencies has demonstrated that barley populations fr ... | 2007 | 18186193 |
| effects of treated sewage sludge levels on temporal variations of some soil properties of a typic xerofluvent soil in menemen plain, western anatolia, turkey. | the aim of this study is to determine effects of treated sewage sludge (tss) levels as an organic matter (om) resource on temporal variations of some soil properties of a typic xerofluvent soil. the experiment was conducted in menemen plain, in the western anatolia region of turkey (latitudes 38 degrees 34'48.22''-38 degrees 34'49.24'' n; longitudes 27 degrees 1'23.05-27 degrees 1'24.14'' e) in the years of 2003 and 2004. moist tss was added to the soil at the rates of 0, 30, 60 and 90 t ha(-1) ... | 2009 | 18202900 |
| high-level expression of the native barley alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor in pichia pastoris. | an expression system for high-level expression of the native hordeum vulgare alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor (basi) has been developed in pichia pastoris, using the methanol inducible alcohol oxidase 1 (aox1) promoter. to optimize expression, two codon-optimized coding regions have been designed and expressed alongside the wild-type coding region. to ensure secretion of the native mature protein, a truncated version of the alpha mating factor secretion signal from saccharomyces cerevisiae was ... | 2008 | 18207271 |
| the hormonal regulation of de-etiolation. | de-etiolation involves a number of phenotypic changes as the plants shift from a dark-grown (etiolated) to a light-grown (de-etiolated) morphology. whilst these light-induced, morphological changes are thought to be mediated by plant hormones, the precise mechanism/s are not yet fully understood. here we provide further direct evidence that gibberellins (gas) may play an important role in de-etiolation, because a similar light-induced reduction in bioactive ga levels was detected in barley (hord ... | 2008 | 18214530 |
| differential expression of proteins in response to the interaction between the pathogen fusarium graminearum and its host, hordeum vulgare. | using proteomic techniques, a study aimed at isolating and identifying proteins associated with resistance to fusarium head blight (fhb) was conducted on six barley genotypes of varying resistance. at anthesis, barley spikelets were point inoculated with fusarium graminearum macroconidial suspensions or mock inoculum. in total, 43 acidic protein spots out of 600 were detected 3 days postinoculation to be differentially expressed due to fhb and were identified. identification of proteins responsi ... | 2008 | 18232057 |
| purification of class 1 plant hemoglobins and examination of their functional properties. | class 1 hemoglobins are ubiquitous plant proteins induced under hypoxic conditions. they bind oxygen tightly and, as oxyhemoglobin, react with nitric oxide produced under hypoxic conditions. the reactions involved in no production and scavenging help maintain the redox and energy status of the cell. this article describes the expression of class 1 barley (hordeum vulgare l.) hemoglobin in e. coli cells and its purification to homogeneity. methods for investigating the properties of purified hemo ... | 2008 | 18237644 |
| gravistimulation leads to asymmetry of both auxin and gibberellin levels in barley pulvini. | the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) is known to promote the biosynthesis of active gibberellins (gas) in barley (hordeum vulgare). we therefore investigated the possibility that this interaction might contribute to the gravitropic response of barley leaf sheath pulvini. barley plants at the inflorescence stage were gravistimulated for varying times, and the pulvini were then separated into upper and lower halves for quantification of iaa and gas by gc-ms. consistent with the cholodny-went theor ... | 2007 | 18251932 |
| the genetics and transcriptional profiles of the cellulose synthase-like hvcslf gene family in barley. | cellulose synthase-like cslf genes have been implicated in the biosynthesis of (1,3;1,4)-beta-d-glucans, which are major cell wall constituents in grasses and cereals. seven cslf genes from barley (hordeum vulgare) can be divided into two classes on the basis of intron-exon arrangements. four of the hvcslf genes have been mapped to a single locus on barley chromosome 2h, in a region corresponding to a major quantitative trait locus for grain (1,3;1,4)-beta-d-glucan content. the other hvcslf gene ... | 2008 | 18258691 |
| barley grain maturation and germination: metabolic pathway and regulatory network commonalities and differences highlighted by new mapman/pageman profiling tools. | plant seeds prepare for germination already during seed maturation. we performed a detailed transcriptome analysis of barley (hordeum vulgare) grain maturation, desiccation, and germination in two tissue fractions (starchy endosperm/aleurone and embryo/scutellum) using the affymetrix barley1 genechip. to aid data evaluation, arabidopsis thaliana mapman and pageman tools were adapted to barley. the analyses allow a number of conclusions: (1) cluster analysis revealed a smooth transition in transc ... | 2008 | 18281415 |
| reproduction and feeding behavior of myzus persicae on four cereals. | green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer), does not overwinter outdoors in minnesota; it arrives each spring on low-level jet streams from the south. after arrival, anholocylic reproduction occurs on numerous herbaceous species, including many common weeds, before movement to potato, solanum tuberosum l. in investigating aphid feeding behavior on barrier crops, we observed winter wheat, triticum aestivum l., colonized by green peach aphid. the northern great plains grows 94,000 ha of potatoes a ... | 2008 | 18330110 |
| effects of planting date on fiber digestibility of whole-crop barley and productivity of lactating dairy cows. | objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of planting date on in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (ivfd) of whole-crop barley (hordeum vulgare) and its effects on productivity of lactating dairy cows. two cultivars of barley were planted on may 5 (bm) and june 7 (bj), 2005 at the edmonton research station, university of alberta. they were harvested at late-dough stage on july 26 and august 25, respectively, for bm and bj and ensiled. the bj had greater 30-h ivfd (61.2 vs. 51 ... | 2008 | 18349246 |
| the ionic environment controls the contribution of the barley hvhak1 transporter to potassium acquisition. | the control of potassium (k+) acquisition is a critical requirement for plant growth. although hak1 (high affinity k+ 1) transporters provide a pathway for k+ acquisition, the effect exerted by the ionic environment on their contribution to k+ capture remains essentially unknown. here, the influence of the ionic environment on the accumulation of transcripts coding for the barley (hordeum vulgare) hvhak1 transporter as well as on hvhak1-mediated k+ capture has been examined. in situ mrna hybridi ... | 2008 | 18359846 |
| barley genomics: an overview. | barley (hordeum vulgare), first domesticated in the near east, is a well-studied crop in terms of genetics, genomics, and breeding and qualifies as a model plant for triticeae research. recent advances made in barley genomics mainly include the following: (i) rapid accumulation of est sequence data, (ii) growing number of studies on transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, (iii) new modeling techniques, (iv) availability of genome-wide knockout collections as well as efficient transformation tec ... | 2008 | 18382615 |
| physical and chemical changes during composting of wood chip-bedded and straw-bedded beef cattle feedlot manure. | in the 1990s, restrictions on incineration encouraged the forest industry in western canada to develop new uses for their wood residuals by product. one such use was as a replacement for cereal straw bedding in southern alberta's beef cattle (bos taurus) feedlot industry. however, use of carbon (c)-rich bedding, such as wood chips, had implications for subsequent composting of the feedlot manure, a practice that was being increasingly adopted. in a 3-yr study, we compared composting of wood chip ... | 2008 | 18396561 |
| regulation of dormancy in barley by blue light and after-ripening: effects on abscisic acid and gibberellin metabolism. | white light strongly promotes dormancy in freshly harvested cereal grains, whereas dark and after-ripening have the opposite effect. we have analyzed the interaction of light and after-ripening on abscisic acid (aba) and gibberellin (ga) metabolism genes and dormancy in barley (hordeum vulgare 'betzes'). analysis of gene expression in imbibed barley grains shows that different aba metabolism genes are targeted by white light and after-ripening. of the genes examined, white light promotes the exp ... | 2008 | 18408047 |
| effect of feeding corn, hull-less or hulled barley on fermentation by mixed cultures of ruminal microorganisms. | increased demands for corn grain warrant the evaluation of alternative grain types for ruminant production systems. this study was conducted to determine the effects of hulled and hull-less barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cultivars compared with corn (zea mays l.) as an alternative grain type on fermentation in cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms. three continuous fermentors were fed 14 g of dry feed per day (divided equally between 2 feedings) consisting of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) hay pel ... | 2008 | 18420625 |
| enzymatic characterization of peroxisomal and cytosolic betaine aldehyde dehydrogenases in barley. | betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh; ec 1.2.1.8) is an important enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the synthesis of glycine betaine, a compatible solute accumulated by many plants under various abiotic stresses. in barley (hordeum vulgare l.), we reported previously the existence of two badh genes (bbd1 and bbd2) and their corresponding proteins, peroxisomal badh (bbd1) and cytosolic badh (bbd2). to investigate their enzymatic properties, we expressed them in escherichia coli and purified ... | 2008 | 18429940 |
| biotypic diversity in colorado russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) populations. | the biotypic diversity of the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), was assessed in five isolates collected in colorado. three isolates, rwa 1, rwa 2, and an isolate from montezuma county, co, designated rwa 6, were originally collected from cultivated wheat, triticum aestivum l., and obtained from established colonies at colorado state university. the fourth isolate, designated rwa 7, was collected from canada wildrye, elymus canadensis l., in baca county, co. ... | 2008 | 18459426 |
| effects of diet on population growth of psocids lepinotus reticulatus and liposcelis entomophila. | we investigated the suitability of 11 diets as culture media for the psocids lepinotus reticulatus enderlein (psocoptera: trogiidae) and liposcelis entomophila (enderlein) (psocoptera: liposcelididae). the culture media comprised six diets made of plain cereals, namely, wheat (triticum aestivum l.), corn (zea mays l.), milo sorghum bicolor (l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oats (avena sativa l.), and rice (oryza sativa l.), and five artificial diets. we found that, with the exception of corn, l ... | 2008 | 18459431 |
| construction of a mlui-yac library from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and analysis of yac insert terminal regions. | we describe the construction of a specific yeast artificial chromosome (yac) library from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) using the vector pyac-rc. the library was generated by total digestion of high molecular weight dna with the infrequently cutting restriction enzyme mlui. only 10-30% of the colonies were recombinant, as visualized by red-white selection and subsequent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. about 17 000 individual recombinant yac clones with insert sizes ranging from 50 to 70 ... | 1997 | 18464875 |
| effect of three suppressors on the expression of powdery mildew resistance genes in barley. | three recessive mutagen-induced alleles that partially suppress the phenotypic expression of the semidominant powdery mildew resistance gene mla12 have been studied. when each suppressor is present in homozygous condition, the infection type 0, conferred by gene mla12 when homozygous, is changed to intermediate infection types. the three suppressor lines were crossed with seven near-isogenic lines with different powdery mildew resistance genes and one, m100, was crossed with nine additional line ... | 1996 | 18469911 |
| recombination of alleles conferring specific resistance to powdery mildew at the mla locus in barley. | in barley (hordeum vulgare l.), the mla locus conditions reaction to the powdery mildew fungus erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei. enrichment for genetic recombinants in the mla region is possible by screening for recombination events between the flanking endosperm storage proteins hordeins c and b. reciprocal crosses were made between the franger (c.i. 16151) and rupee (c.i. 16155) lines carrying the (mla6 + mla14) and mla13 alleles, respectively. recombinants were identified from f2 segregants by ... | 1994 | 18470091 |
| genecat--novel webtools that combine blast and co-expression analyses. | the gene co-expression analysis toolbox (genecat) introduces several novel microarray data analyzing tools. first, the multigene co-expression analysis, combined with co-expressed gene networks, provides a more powerful data mining technique than standard, single-gene co-expression analysis. second, the high-throughput map-o-matic tool matches co-expression pattern of multiple query genes to genes present in user-defined subdatabases, and can therefore be used for gene mapping in forward genetic ... | 2008 | 18480120 |
| barley (hordeum vulgare l.) inositol monophosphatase: gene structure and enzyme characteristics. | the cellular myo-inositol (ins) pool is important to many metabolic and signaling pathways in plants. ins monophosphatase (impase; ec 3.1.3.25) activity is essential for the de novo synthesis of myo-inositol (ins), and for recycling of ins in ins(1,4,5)p3. however, proteins encoded by at least one family of imp genes also have l-galactose-1-p phosphatase activity important to ascorbic acid synthesis, indicating a bifunctionality that links these two branches of carbon metabolism. as part of rese ... | 2008 | 18493722 |