Publications

aminotransfer from alanine and glutamate to glycine and serine during photorespiration in oat leaves.	(15)n-labeled glutamate and alanine were used to examine the photorespiratory nitrogen metabolism in oat (avena sativa l.) leaf slices. glutamate and alanine supply amino groups for glycine formation during photorespiration. the nitrogen flux from alanine to glycine was estimated to be 3 times higher than that from glutamate. it is concluded from these results that alanine is a direct and important amino donor for photorespiratory glycine formation in oat leaves. the (15)n labeling of serine was ...	1983	16662936
oat seed globulin: subunit characterization and demonstration of its synthesis as a precursor.	the predominant storage protein of oat (avena sativa l.) seeds is a saline-soluble globulin with a mol wt of 320,000 which is composed of six large (m(r) = 35,000 to 40,000) and six small (m(r) = 20,000 to 25,000) subunits. experiments were conducted to further describe the subunit polypeptides and to identify the initial translation products of globulin mrnas. approximately 20 large subunits and 10 small subunits were resolved by two-dimensional gel analysis. the large and small subunits had ac ...	1983	16662952
light-induced breakdown of nadph-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in vitro.	light-induced loss of the enzyme protochlorophyllide reductase (ec 1.6.99.1.), already described as a characteristic of whole plants, has now been demonstrated in vitro using etioplast membrane preparations of avena sativa l. var peniarth and secale cereale l. var rheidol. some evidence is presented, based upon temperature, ph, and inhibitor sensitivity of the process, that loss of enzyme may be the result of proteolysis. the light-induced process can, in vitro, be largely prevented by addition ...	1983	16662967
light-stimulated changes in the acidity of suspensions of oat protoplasts: dependence upon photosynthesis.	light induced an alkalinization and stimulated a subsequent acidification of the medium surrounding oat (avena sativa l. cv garry) leaf protoplasts. blue light was less effective than would be predicted from photosynthetic action spectra. nonetheless, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea prevented alkalinization and reduced acidification to the dark rate for protoplast suspensions exposed to all light regimes tested.alkalinization increased in parallel with initial rates of o(2) evolution as ...	1983	16663005
role of o(2) and mitochondrial respiration in a photosynthetic stimulation of oat protoplast acidification of a surrounding medium.	some photosynthetically stimulated acidification of the medium by oat (avena sativa l. cv garry) leaf protoplasts required respiration. the requisite respiration (a) had a low apparent affinity for o(2), (b) was blocked by cyanide plus salicylhydroxamic acid, (c) characterized protoplasts and mitochondria isolated from protoplasts, (d) could be induced in leaf segments, and (e) appeared to result from an inhibition of mitochondrial respiration that included the cytochrome pathway.carbon monoxide ...	1983	16663006
relation between respiration and senescence in oat leaves.	the respiration of excised oat (avena sativa cv victory) leaves and their sensitivity to inhibitors was followed during senescence under varied conditions. the respiration rate, which in controls reaches its peak on the third day in darkness, is lowered at the time of fastest loss of chlorophyll (as reported earlier) by seven unrelated reagents that all delay dark senescence. when senescence is delayed by white light or by cytokinins, the respiratory rise is correspondingly delayed. kinetin and ...	1983	16663039
isolation and characterization of oat globulin messenger rna.	when polyadenylated rna, isolated from membrane-bound polysomes extracted from developing oat (avena sativa l.) seeds, was translated in vitro in the rabbit reticulocyte system, two polypeptides of about 58 and 60 kilodaltons were immunoprecipitated by anti-oat globulin antibody. no electrophoretic bands corresponding to the 40 and 20 kilodalton polypeptides of oat globulin were present. however, when in vivo labeled extracts were immunoprecipitated with anti-oat globulin antibody, three groups ...	1983	16663046
phytochrome-mediated cellular photomorphogenesis.	red light-induced cell elongation and division in intact, etiolated oat (avena sativa cv lodi) seedlings have been assessed. the middle of coleoptile was especially responsive in the very low fluence range whereas the region immediately below the coleoptile tip and the two regions just above the coleoptilar node were more responsive than the entire organ in the low fluence range. these responses in the coleoptile are both the result of an increase in cell elongation. coleoptile cell division is ...	1983	16663071
differential uptake of mercury vapor by gramineous c(3) and c(4) plants.	the uptake of mercury vapor by six gramineous plant species was compared under uniform conditions using a whole-plant chamber and (203)hg-labeled mercury at a low atmospheric concentration. mean hg uptake by leaves of the c(3) species oats (avena sativa), barley (hordeum vulgare), and wheat (triticum aestivum) was 5 times greater than that by leaves of the c(4) species corn (zea mays), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), and crabgrass (digitaria sanguinalis). although there was a difference in resistance ...	1983	16663117
translocation and metabolism of endosperm-applied [2-c] indoleacetic acid in etiolated avena sativa l. seedlings.	the role of free indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) in the endosperm of avena sativa l. seedlings was investigated to determine its contribution to free iaa in the shoot. [2-(14)c]iaa was injected into the endosperm of darkgrown seedlings and the transport and metabolism of the [(14)c]-labeled compounds determined. it was concluded that translocation of free iaa directly from the endosperm is probably not a significant source of free iaa in the shoot, mainly because even small amounts of [(14)c]iaa intr ...	1983	16663214
differences in the physical properties of native and partially degraded phytochrome as probed by their differential sensitivity to permanganate oxidation.	the differential sensitivities to permanganate oxidation of the red and far-red forms of native phytochrome from avena sativa l. cv mulaga (isolated as pfr from red-irradiated tissue) and of partially degraded phytochrome (isolated as pr from nonirradiated tissue) were determined. the far-red absorbing form of partially degraded phytochrome was 5 times more sensitive than its red-absorbing form, while both the far-red and red forms of native phytochrome exhibited identical sensitivity. the prese ...	1983	16663241
differential changes in the amount of protein complexes in the chloroplast membrane during senescence of oat and bean leaves.	antibodies against the individual subunits of protein complexes in the chloroplast membranes were used to follow the amounts of these polypeptides during foliar senescence. no change was found in the amount of polypeptides of photosystem i reaction center and the chloroplast coupling factor during senescence of oat (avena sativa l.) and bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) leaves. a significant decrease in the amount of the different components of the cytochrome b(6)-f complex was detected. this change ...	1983	16663247
interaction of indoleacetic acid and gibberellic acid in the short-term growth kinetics of oat stem segments.	gibberellins and auxins are the only hormones known that promote growth in oat (avena sativa) stem segments, but when applied together, indoleacetic acid inhibits gibberellic acid-induced growth appreciably. this study shows that in addition to this inhibitory role, indoleacetic acid shortens the response time of the tissue to gibberellic acid.	1983	16663259
separation of two types of electrogenic h-pumping atpases from oat roots.	microsomal vesicles of oat roots (avena sativa var lang) were separated with a linear dextran (0.5-10%, w/w) or sucrose (25-45%, w/w) gradient to determine the types and membrane identity of proton-pumping atpases associated with plant membranes. atpase activity stimulated by the h(+)/k(+) exchange ionophore nigericin exhibited two peaks of activity on a linear dextran gradient. atpase activities or atp-generated membrane potential (inside positive), monitored by scn(-) distribution, included a ...	1983	16663344
role of endoplasmic reticulum in biosynthesis of oat globulin precursors.	oat (avena sativa l.) groats were labeled with radioactive leucine and salt-soluble proteins were extracted and analyzed. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by fluorography indicated two radioactive polypeptides with molecular weight 58 to 62 kilodaltons which were similar in size to unreduced globulin alpha-beta dimers. the role of endoplasmic reticulum in the synthesis of these globulin polypeptides was investigated by in vivo and in vitro protein synthesis studies. labeled tissue was ...	1983	16663349
characterization by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of monoclonal antibodies to pisum and avena phytochrome.	nine monoclonal antibodies to pea (pisum sativum l.) and 16 to oat (avena sativa l.) phytochrome are characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against phytochrome from six different sources: pea, zucchini (cucurbita pepo l.), lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), oat, rye (secale cereale l.), and barley (hordeum vulgare l.). all antibodies were raised against phytochrome with a monomer size near 120,000 daltons. nevertheless, none of them discriminated qualitatively between 118/114-kilodalton oa ...	1984	16663365
auxin concentration/growth relationship for avena coleoptile sections from seedlings grown in complete darkness.	a biphasic auxin dose-response curve has been obtained for indole-acetic acid (iaa)-stimulated growth of subapical sections of coleoptiles from totally dark-grown oats (avena sativa l. cv lodi). the curve for growth at 6 h is composed of a log-linear phase and a modified bell-shaped phase separated by a plateau. the curve is log-linear from 0.003 to 0.4 micromolar iaa when sections are incubated in ph 5.9 buffer. the plateau of iaa concentration-neutral growth is seen from 0.4 to 4.0 micromolar ...	1984	16663419
quantitation of oat globulin by radioimmunoassay.	a radioimmunoassay was used to determine the globulin content of developing oat (avena sativa l. var coker 6622) seeds. the globulin content increased from 0.32 to 2.37 milligrams per seed from 2 to 21 days post anthesis. the amount of globulin did not increase from 21 to 30 days post anthesis. when the total protein of seeds harvested 21, 24, and 30 days post anthesis was measured by micro-kjeldahl analysis, it was determined to be 3.15 milligrams per seed for each sampling date. when the amoun ...	1984	16663443
a seed storage protein with possible self-affinity through lectin-like binding.	the primary storage protein of oat (avena sativa l.) seeds, globulin, was shown to have a specific carbohydrate-binding activity. the globulin was capable of hemagglutinating rabbit red blood cells and this hemagglutination was inhibited by the beta-glucan, laminarin, as well as by carbohydrate which had been cleaved from the native globulin. globulin with carbohydrate-binding activity was isolated from cell wall preparations and from defatted flour. the lectin activity apparently resides in the ...	1984	16663480
characterization of oat vicilin-like polypeptides.	the 7s and 3s globulin fractions were extracted and characterized from avena sativa l. seeds which showed similar solubility characteristics and holoprotein size to those of the vicilin fraction in legumes. these holoproteins were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectrofocussing, and two-dimensional electrophoresis. among the components of the oat reserve globulins, the 7s fraction was capable of binding to concanavalin a-sepharose, thus indicating ...	1984	16663577
glyoxylate transamination in intact leaf peroxisomes.	intact spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) leaf peroxisomes were supplied with glycolate and one to three of the amino acids serine, glutamate, and alanine, and the amount of the respective alpha-keto acids formed in glyoxylate transamination was assayed. at 1 millimolar glycolate and 1 millimolar each of the three amino acids in combination, the transamination reaction reached saturation; reduction of either glycolate or amino acid concentration decreased the activity. the relative serine, glutamate ...	1984	16663603
characterization of oat calmodulin and radioimmunoassay of its subcellular distribution.	a protein identifiable as calmodulin has been isolated from oat (avena sativa, var garry) tissues. this protein is relatively heat stable, binds to hydrophobic gels, and phenothiazines in a calcium-dependent fashion, and binds to antibody to rat testes calmodulin. based on its migration on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, ultraviolet absorption spectrum, and amino acid composition, oat calmodulin is essentially identical to calmodulin isolated from other higher plants. radioimmunoassa ...	1984	16663631
biosynthesis of jasmonic acid by several plant species.	six plant species metabolized (18)o-labeled 12-oxo-cis,cis-10,15-phytodienoic acid (12-oxo-pda) to short chain cyclic fatty acids. the plant species were corn (zea mays l.), eggplant (solanum melongena l.), flax (linum usitatissimum l.), oat (avena sativa l.), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), and wheat (triticum aestivum l.). among the products was jasmonic acid, a natural plant constituent with growth-regulating properties. the pathway is the same as the one recently reported by us for jasmoni ...	1984	16663643
determination of compartmented metabolite pools by a combination of rapid fractionation of oat mesophyll protoplasts and enzymic cycling.	in vivo pool sizes of a range of metabolites have been determined in subcellular fractions of darkened and illuminated mesophyll protoplasts of avena sativa l. these estimations were made by combining a method of rapid protoplast fractionation with enzymic cycling techniques. results are given for reduced and oxidized pyridine nucleotides, triose phosphates, 3-phosphoglycerate, inorganic phosphate, aspartate, malate, oxaloacetate, glutamate, 2-oxoglutarate, and citrate, from chloroplasts, mitoch ...	1984	16663726
intracellular transport and posttranslational cleavage of oat globulin precursors.	the synthesis, transport, and posttranslational processing of reserve globulin in avena sativa l. seeds were studied by pulse-chase labeling. developing oat seeds were labeled with radioactive sulfate and tissue homogenates were used for globulin extraction.two globulin precursors (58-62 kilodaltons) were labeled after 1 hour pulse. the alpha and beta globulin subunits appeared between 2 and 10 hours later, while simultaneously the 58 to 62 kilodaltons polypeptides gradually disappeared. this co ...	1984	16663789
physiological control of arginine decarboxylase activity in k-deficient oat shoots.	the effect of k-deficiency on the putrescine biosynthetic enzyme, arginine decarboxylase (adc), was investigated by growing oat (avena sativa l. var victory) plants on a low-k, but otherwise complete nutrient medium in washed quartz sand for up to 18 days. enzyme activity rose as the concentration of kcl was dropped to 0.6 millimolar or below. however, growth was not inhibited significantly at 0.6 millimolar kcl. adc activity increased in the whole shoot of k-deficient oats throughout the period ...	1984	16663842
redox activity at the surface of oat root cells.	electron transport activity at the cell surface of intact oat seedlings (avena sativa l. cv garry) was examined by measuring the oxidation and/or reduction of agents in the medium bathing the roots. oxidation of nadh with or without added electron acceptors and reduction of ferricyanide by an endogenous electron donor were detected. the activities appear to be due to electron transfer at, or across, the plasma membrane and not due to reagent uptake or leakage of oxidants or reductants. nadh-ferr ...	1984	16663850
anion-sensitive, h-pumping atpase of oat roots : direct effects of cl, no(3), and a disulfonic stilbene.	to understand the mechanism and molecular properties of the tonoplast-type h(+)-translocating atpase, we have studied the effect of cl(-), no(3) (-), and 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbene disulfonic acid (dids) on the activity of the electrogenic h(+)-atpase associated with low-density microsomal vesicles from oat roots (avena sativa cv lang). the h(+)-pumping atpase generates a membrane potential (deltapsi) and a ph gradient (deltaph) that make up two interconvertible components of the proton e ...	1984	16663870
monoclonal antibodies to three separate domains on 124 kilodalton phytochrome from avena.	forty-six monoclonal antibodies have been prepared against 124 kilodalton phytochrome from avena sativa cv garry. clones grown in mice have yielded ascites fluids with antibodies which bind to three distinct regions of the molecule, as visualized by immunoblot analysis of proteolytically produced peptides of the protein. one antibody group (type 1) recognizes an antigenic domain(s) that lies within 6 kilodaltons of the amino terminus of the molecule, a region critical to correct protein-chromoph ...	1984	16663895
a quantitative simulation model for h-amino acid cotransport to interpret the effects of amino acids on membrane potential and extracellular ph.	the h(+) cotransport of neutral and acidic amino acids induces transient depolarizations of oat coleoptile (avena sativa l., var victory) plasma membranes. the depolarizations, which are completed within 1 or 2 minutes, are followed by repolarizations that are nearly completed within another 2 or 3 minutes. cysteine induced a two-phased alkalinization of the tissue free space during the electrical changes. the first phase was a rapid, linear increase in ph that coincided with the depolarization; ...	1984	16663928
ice nucleation temperature of individual leaves in relation to population sizes of ice nucleation active bacteria and frost injury.	ice nucleation temperatures of individual leaves were determined by a tube nucleation test. with this assay, a direct quantitative relationship was obtained between the temperatures at which ice nucleation occurred on individual oat (avena sativa l.) leaves and the population sizes of ice nucleation active (ina) bacteria present on those leaves. in the absence of ina bacteria, nucleation of supercooled growth-chamber grown oat leaves did not occur until temperatures were below approximately -5 d ...	1985	16664039
inhibition of phytochrome synthesis by gabaculine.	gabaculine (5-amino-1,3-cyclohexadienylcarboxylic acid), a transaminase inhibitor, also inhibits chlorophyll formation in plants, and the effect of this compound can be counteracted by 5-aminolevulinic acid (ala) (flint, personal communication, 1984). since it is probable that ala also serves as a precursor to phytochrome, the effects of gabaculine on phytochrome synthesis in developing etiolated seedlings were examined using in vivo spectrophotometry. preemergence treatment with gabaculine was ...	1985	16664094
spectral characterization and proteolytic mapping of native 120-kilodalton phytochrome from cucurbita pepo l.	a spectral, immunochemical, and proteolytic characterization of native 120-kilodalton (kd) phytochrome from cucurbita pepo l. is presented and compared with that previously reported for native 124-kd phytochrome from avena sativa. the molecule was partially purified ( approximately 200-fold) in the phytochrome-far red-absorbing form (pfr) in the presence of the protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, using a modification of the procedure initially developed to purify 124-kd avena phyt ...	1985	16664177
proteolysis of endogenous substrates in senescing oat leaves : i. specific degradation of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase.	proteolysis of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rubpcase) during senescence was monitored using oat leaf segments (avena sativa cv victory), kept in the dark. we here report the development of a novel approach for measuring protein degradation of endogenous substrates both in situ and in vitro in crude extracts using specific antibodies against highly purified polypeptides. the proteolytic products were separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-gels. they were then electrotransferred onto nitrocellu ...	1985	16664184
sodium and potassium fluxes and compartmentation in roots of atriplex and oat.	k(+) and na(+) fluxes and ion content have been studied in roots of atriplex nummularia lindl. and avena sativa l. cv goodfield grown in 3 millimolar k(+) with or without 3 or 50 millimolar nacl. compartmental analysis was carried out with entire root systems under steady-state conditions.increasing ambient na(+) concentrations from 0 to 50 millimolar altered k(+), in atriplex, as follows: slightly decreased the cytoplasmic content (q(c)), the vacuolar content (q(v)), and the plasma membrane inf ...	1985	16664273
chloroplast biogenesis 49 : differences among angiosperms in the biosynthesis and accumulation of monovinyl and divinyl protochlorophyllide during photoperiodic greening.	various angiosperms differed in their monovinyl and divinyl protochlorophyllide biosynthetic capabilities during the dark and light phases of photoperiodic growth. some plant species such as cucumis sativus l., brassica juncea (l.) coss., brassica kaber (dc.) wheeler, and portulaca oleracea l. accumulated mainly divinyl protochlorophyllide at night. monocotyledonous species such as avena sativa l., hordeum vulgare l., triticum secale l., zea mays l., and some dicotyledonous species such as phase ...	1985	16664351
effect of calmodulin antagonists on auxin-induced elongation.	coleoptile segments of oat (avena sativa var cayuse) and corn (zea mays l. var patriot) were incubated in different concentrations of calmodulin antagonists in the presence and absence of alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid. the calmodulin antgonists (chlorpromazine (cp), trifluoperazine, and fluphenazine) inhibited the auxin-induced elongation at 5 to 50 micromolar concentrations. chlorpromazine sulfoxide, an analog of chlorpromazine, did not have significant effect on the elongation of oat and corn c ...	1985	16664387
physiological mechanism of the auxin-induced increase in light sensitivity of phytochrome-mediated growth responses in avena coleoptile sections.	the physiology of the auxin-induced 10,000-fold increase in light sensitivity of a phytochrome-mediated growth response (shinkle and briggs, 1984 proc natl acad sci usa 81: 3742-3746) has been characterized in subapical coleoptile sections from dark-grown oat (avena sativa l. cv lodi) seedlings. six micromolar indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) must be present for 1 hour before to 2 hour after irradiation in order to confer maximal sensitivity to light. the direct effect of iaa on growth can be separate ...	1985	16664413
assaying ornithine and arginine decarboxylases in some plant species.	a release of (14)co(2) not related to ornithine decarboxylase activity was found in crude leaf extracts from lycopersicon esculentum, avena sativa, and especially from the pyrrolizidine alkaloid-bearing heliotropium angiospermum when incubated with [1-(14)c]- or [u-(14)c]ornithine. the total (14)co(2) produced was about 5- to 100-fold higher than that due to ornithine decarboxylase activities calculated from labeled putrescine (put) found by thin-layer electrophoresis in the incubation mixtures. ...	1985	16664441
activities of arginine and ornithine decarboxylases in various plant species.	in extracts from the youngest leaves of avena sativa, hordeum vulgare, zea mays, pisum sativum, phaseolus vulgaris, lactuca sativa, and four pyrrolizidine alkaloid-bearing species of heliotropium, the activities of ornithine decarboxylase, close to v(max), ranged between traces and 1.5 nanomoles per hour per gram fresh weight when based on putrescine formed during incubation with labeled ornithine. the arginine decarboxylase activities in the same extracts ranged between 8 and 8000 nanomoles per ...	1985	16664442
photobiology of phytochrome-mediated growth responses in sections of stem tissue from etiolated oats and corn.	the far-red reversibility of the phytochrome-controlled stimulation of elongation of coleoptile sections by low fluence red light has been characterized in subapical coleoptile sections from dark-grown avena sativa l., cv lodi seedlings. the fluence dependence of the far-red reversal was the same whether or not the very low fluence response is also expressed. the capacity of far-red light to reverse the red light-induced response began to decline if the far-red light was given more than 90 minut ...	1986	16664851
isoelectric focusing of oat root membranes.	the feasibility of purifying subcellular membranes, especially plasma membranes, from oat roots using isoelectric focusing has been examined. membranes from oat (avena sativa l. cv garry) root homogenates were fractionated using discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation and then electrofocused using a microanalytical isoelectric focusing column. the column contained either a broad-range (ph 3-10) or narrow-range (ph 3-6) ph gradient stabilized by a 5 to 15% ficoll gradient. results f ...	1986	16665016
effects of tabtoxinine-beta-lactam on nitrogen metabolism in avena sativa l. roots.	the effects of tabtoxinine-beta-lactam (t-beta-l) on nitrate uptake and glutamine synthetase (gs) and nitrate reductase (nr) activities in roots of avena sativa seedlings were determined. seven-day-old oat seedlings placed in a 10 mm kno(3) and 0.5 mm t-beta-l solution for 24 hours took up t-beta-l and lost approximately 90% of their root gs activity. [(3)h]-t-beta-l taken up by roots of seven-day-old oat seedlings was associated with gs immunoprecipitated from the extract of these roots. total ...	1986	16665133
potential-dependent anion transport in tonoplast vesicles from oat roots.	potential-dependent anion movement into tonoplast vesicles from oat roots (avena sativa l. var lang) was monitored as dissipation of membrane potentials (deltapsi) using the fluorescence probe oxonol v. the potentials (positive inside) were generated with the h(+)-pumping pyrophosphatase, which is k(+) stimulated and anion insensitive. the relative rate of deltapsi dissipation by anions was used to estimate the relative permeabilities of the anions. in decreasing order they were: scn(-) (100) > ...	1987	16665276
site of synthesis of the enzymes of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in oat (avena sativa l.) leaves.	heat-bleached oat (avena sativa l. cv porter) leaves lacking 70s chloroplast ribosomes have been used to demonstrate that four chloroplast-localized enzymes of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis: aspartate carbamoyl-transferase, dihydroorotase, orotidine phosphoribosyl-transferase, and orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase, are synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes. two other chloroplast enzymes, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, involved in both pyrimidine and arginine biosynthesis, and ornithine c ...	1987	16665303
inhibition and labeling of the plant plasma membrane h-atpase with n-ethylmaleimide.	h(+)-atpase activity in plasma membranes isolated from avena sativa root cells is inhibited by n-ethylmaleimide, a covalent modifier of protein sulfhydryl groups. the rate of inhibition is reduced by adp, mgadp, and mgatp, but even at 40 millimolar adp the enzyme is only partially protected against inactivation. when plasma membranes are treated wth n-[2-(3)h]ethylmaleimide and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, prominent radioactive bands appear at m(r)=100,0 ...	1987	16665375
phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis : both 5-aminolevulinic acid and biliverdin overcome inhibition by gabaculine in etiolated avena sativa l. seedlings.	etiolated avena sativa l. seedlings grown in the presence of gabaculine (5-amino-1,3-cyclohexadienylcarboxylic acid) contained reduced levels of phytochrome as shown by spectrophotometric and immunochemical assays. photochromic phytochrome levels in gabaculine-grown plants were estimated to be 20% of control plants, while immunoblot analysis showed that the phytochrome protein moiety was present at approximately 50% of control levels. gabaculine-grown seedlings administered either 5-aminolevulin ...	1987	16665435
storage protein synthesis during oat (avena sativa l.) seed development.	oat (avena sativa l.) seeds harvested at 2-day intervals from anthesis to maturity were tested for their ability to incorporate [(35)s]sulfate into protein. incorporation of [(35)s]sulfate into tca-insoluble material began 2 to 4 days postanthesis (dpa), reached a peak 14 to 16 dpa, and was barely detectable by 24 dpa. incorporation of label into globulin was parallel to total protein accumulation, and averaged about 85% of the total protein synthesis. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel e ...	1987	16665440
effects of diclofop and diclofop-methyl on the membrane potentials of wheat and oat coleoptiles.	electrophysiological measurements were made on the mesophyll cells of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv waldron) and oat (avena sativa l. cv garry) coleoptiles treated either with the herbicide diclofop-methyl (methyl 2-(4-(2',4'-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy)propanoate), or it's primary metabolite diclofop, (2-(4-(2',4'-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy)-propanoic acid). application of a 100 micromolar solution of diclofop-methyl to wheat coleoptiles had little or no effect on the membrane potential (e(m)), howev ...	1987	16665655
latency of plasma membrane h-atpase in vesicles isolated by aqueous phase partitioning : increased substrate accessibility or enzyme activation.	the properties of the plasma membrane h(+)-atpase and the cause of its latency have been studied using a highly purified plasma membrane fraction from oat (avena sativa l., cv victory) roots, prepared by aqueous two-phase partitioning. the atpase has a maximum specific activity (at 37 degrees c) in excess of 4 micromoles inorganic phosphate per milligram protein per minute in the presence of nondenaturing surfactants. it is inhibited by more than 90% by vanadate, is specific for atp, has a ph op ...	1987	16665762
cytochemical localization of atpase activity in oat roots localizes a plasma membrane-associated soluble phosphatase, not the proton pump.	cytochemical techniques employing lead-precipitation of enzymically released inorganic phosphate have been widely used in attempts to localize the plasma membrane proton pump (h(+)-atpase) in electron micrographs. using avena sativa root tissue we have performed a side-by-side comparison of atpase activity observed in electron micrographs with that observed in in vitro assays using atpases found in the soluble and plasma membrane fractions of homogenates. cytochemical analysis of oat roots, whic ...	1988	16665998
dissipation of ph gradients in tonoplast vesicles and liposomes by mixtures of acridine orange and anions: implications for the use of acridine orange as a ph probe.	acridine orange altered the response to anions of both atp and in-organic pyrophosphate-dependent ph gradient formation in tonoplast vesicles isolated from oat (avena sativa l.) roots and red beet (beta vulgaris l.) storage tissue. when used as a fluorescent ph probe in the presence of i(-), clo(3) (-), no(3) (-), br(-), or scn(-), acridine orange reported lower ph gradients than either quinacrine or [(14)c]methylamine. acridine orange, but not quinacrine, reduced [(14)c]methylamine accumulation ...	1988	16666073
modifications of sulfhydryl groups on phytochrome and their influence on physicochemical differences between the red- and far-red-absorbing forms.	phytochrome extracted from shoots of dark-grown rye (secale cereale cv rymin) and oat (avena sativa cv garry) as the far-red-form (pfr) and/or under conditions conducive to oxidation exhibited a blue shift in the visible absorption maximum of its red-light-absorbing form (pr) relative to that measured in vivo. this spectral alteration could not be reversed but could be prevented by inclusion of 10 millimolar diethyldithiocarbamate and 140 millimolar 2-mercaptoethanol in homogenization buffers. s ...	1988	16666102
inhibition of phytochrome synthesis by the transaminase inhibitor, 4-amino-5-fluoropentanoic acid.	gardner and gorton (1985 plant physiol 77: 540-543) demonstrated that the transaminase inhibitor gabaculine (5-amino-1,3-cyclohexadienyl-carboxylic acid) inhibits the initial synthesis and resynthesis of spectrophotometrically detectable phytochrome in vivo. another mechanism-based transaminase inhibitor, 4-amino-5-fluoropentanoic acid (afpa), is examined in this report for its effects on phytochrome synthesis in developing etiolated seedlings. preemergence treatment with afpa was found to inhib ...	1988	16666131
characteristics of photosynthate partitioning during chloroplast development in avena leaves.	the first leaves (40 millimeters long) of 4-day-old light-grown avena sativa l. cv victory i seedlings contained a complete age sequence of cells from the base to the tip, and within these tissues all stages of chloroplast development could be observed. although chloroplasts underwent progressive development, a marked increase in number of thylakoids per granum, in chloroplast volume, and in chlorophyll content occurred in the region between 20 and 30 millimeters from the base. photosynthetic co ...	1988	16666164
subcellular localization of proteases in developing leaves of oats (avena sativa l.).	the distribution and subcellular localization of the two major proteases present in oat (avena sativa l. cv victory) leaves was investigated. both the acidic protease, active at ph 4.5, and the neutral protease, active at ph 7.5, are soluble enzymes; a few percent of the enzyme activity was ionically bound or loosely associated with organellar structures sedimenting at 1000g. on the average, 16% of the acidic protease could be washed out of the intercellular space of the leaf. since isolated pro ...	1988	16666179
utilization of microbial siderophores in iron acquisition by oat.	iron uptake by oat (avena sativa cv victory) was examined under hydroponic chemical conditions that required direct utilization of microbial siderophores for iron transport. measurements of iron uptake rates by excised roots from the hydroxamate siderophores, ferrichrome, ferrichrome a, coprogen, ferrioxamine b (fob), and rhodotorulic acid (ra) showed all five of the siderophores supplied iron, but that fob and ra were preferentially utilized. fob-mediated iron uptake increased four-fold when ro ...	1988	16666207
molecular characterization of oat seed globulins.	we have isolated full-length cdna clones that encode oat (avena sativa) seed storage globulin mrnas from a cdna library in the expression vector lambda gtll. the longest of these clones, pog2, has an 1840-base pair insert that encodes a complete precursor subunit with a signal peptide of 24 amino acids followed by an acidic polypeptide of 293 amino acids and a basic polypeptide of 201 amino acids. near the c terminus of the acidic polypeptide are four repeats of a highly conserved, glutamine-ric ...	1988	16666210
respiration of mitochondria isolated from leaves and protoplasts of avena sativa.	mitochondria isolated from mesophyll protoplasts differed from mitochondria isolated directly from leaves of avena sativa in that protoplast mitochondria (a) had a lower overall respiratory capacity, (b) were less able to use low concentrations of exogenous nadh, (c) did not respond rapidly or strongly to added nad, (d) appeared to accumulate more oxaloacetate, and (e) oxidized both succinate and tetramethyl-p-phenylene-diamine (an electron donor for cytochrome oxidase) more slowly than did leaf ...	1988	16666211
regulation of electrogenic proton pumping by auxin and fusicoccin as related to the growth of avena coleoptiles.	the temporal relations between early responses to indoleacetic acid (iaa), proton secretion, hyperpolarization of the membrane potential, and growth change during the incubation of segments of oat (avena sativa l.) coleoptiles in a low salt medium. when iaa is added after pretreatment of several hours, proton secretion increases after a latency of 7 minutes and reaches its maximum 10 to 15 minutes later. this timing coincides with both the increase in growth of the segments and the hyperpolariza ...	1988	16666253
molecular features affecting the biological activity of the host-selective toxins from cochliobolus victoriae.	the structures of the toxins produced by cochliobolus victoriae, victorin b, c, d, e, and victoricine, have recently been established. these toxins and modified forms of victorin c were tested for their effect on dark co(2) fixation in susceptible oat (avena sativa) leaf slices. half-maximal inhibition of dark co(2) fixation occurred with the native toxins in the range of 0.004 to 0.546 micromolar. an essential component for the inhibitory activity of victorin is the glyoxylic acid residue, part ...	1988	16666275
chitinases and beta-1,3-glucanases in the apoplastic compartment of oat leaves (avena sativa l.).	to isolate chitinases and beta-1,3-glucanases from the intercellular space of oats (avena sativa l.), primary leaves were infiltrated with buffer and subjected to gentle centrifugation to obtain intercellular washing fluid (iwf). approximately 5% of the chitinase and 10% of the beta-1,3-glucanase activity of the whole leaf were released. only small amounts (0.01-0.03%) of the intracellular marker malate-dehydrogenase were released into the iwf during infiltration. activities of chitinase and bet ...	1988	16666294
oats tolerant of pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci contain tabtoxinine-beta-lactam-insensitive leaf glutamine synthetases.	pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, a commonly recognized leaf pathogen of tobacco, can infest the rhizosphere of many plants, including oats. normal oat plants do not survive this infestation as a consequence of the complete and irreversible inactivation of all of their glutamine synthetases by tabtoxinine-beta-lactam (tbetal), a toxin released by pv. tabaci. we have identified a population of oat (avena sativa l. var lodi) plants that are tolerant of pv. tabaci. the tolerant plants had no detecta ...	1988	16666304
development of oat prothylakoids into thylakoids during greening does not change transmembrane galactolipid asymmetry but preserves the thylakoid bilayer.	the lipase from rhizopus arrhizus and the lipolytic acyl hydrolase from potato tubers have been used to determine the transmembrane distribution of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (mgdg) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (dgdg) in prothylakoids and thylakoids from oat (avena sativa). both galactolipids were found to be asymmetrically distributed. the molar outside/inside distribution was 70 +/- 8/30 +/- 8 for mgdg and 10 +/- 4/90 +/- 4 for dgdg in the prothylakoid membrane. mature thylakoids presented ...	1988	16666318
4-amino-5-hexynoic acid-a potent inhibitor of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in plants.	4-amino-5-hexynoic acid, a suicide inactivator of the mammalian pyridoxal phosphate-dependent 4-aminobutyric acid:2-oxoglutaric acid aminotransferase, inhibits phytochrome and chlorophyll synthesis in developing oat (avena sativa l.), corn (zea mays l.), pea (pisum sativum l.), and cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings. in avena and cucumis seedlings, respectively, inhibition of phytochrome and chlorophyll accumulation by 4-amino-5-hexynoic acid can be significantly reversed by application of ...	1988	16666377
pulse-induced phototropisms in oat and maize coleoptiles.	phototropisms induced by a pulse (1-30 seconds) of blue light in red-light-grown coleoptiles of oats (avena sativa l.) and maize (zea mays l.) were investigated in terms of fluence-response relationships and time courses. phototropic stimulation was made by a laser beam (457.9 nanometers), allowing application of high-fluence pulses. the phototropic fluence-response curves for oats and maize revealed two peaks in the positive range, thus indicating the occurrence of two separable pulse-induced p ...	1988	16666391
glutamine transport and the role of the glutamine translocator in chloroplasts.	the transport of l-[(14)c]glutamine in oat (avena sativa l.) and spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplasts was studied by a conventional single-layer and a newly developed stable double-layer silicone oil filtering system. [(14)c]glutamine was actively transported into oat chloroplasts against a concentration gradient. metabolite uptake was greatly affected by the endogenous dicarboxylate pools, which could be easily changed by preloading the chloroplast with specific exogenous substrate. glut ...	1988	16666419
biosynthesis of the tonoplast h-atpase from oats.	to determine whether the tonoplast-type h(+)-atpase was differentially synthesized in various parts of the oat seedling, sections of 4-day-old oat (avena sativa l. var lang) seedlings were labeled in vivo with [(35)s]methionine and atpase subunits were precipitated with polyclonal antisera. atpase subunits were detected in all portions of the seedling with the exception of the seed. lesser amounts of the 60 and 72 kilodalton polypeptides of the atpase were found in apical regions (0-5 millimeter ...	1989	16666699
regulation of transplasmalemma electron transport in oat mesophyll cells by sphingoid bases and blue light.	long-chain sphingoid bases inhibit transplasmalemma electron transport in certain animal cells in part by inhibiting protein phosphorylation. as a first step in determining whether similar regulatory processes exist for cell surface redox activity in plants, peeled leaf segments of avena sativa l. cv garry were exposed to sphingoid bases and other long chain lipids. sphingoid bases which are the most active inhibitors of protein kinase c in animal cells inhibit transplasmalemma electron transpor ...	1989	16666708
soluble and bound apoplastic activity for peroxidase, beta-d-glucosidase, malate dehydrogenase, and nonspecific arylesterase, in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and oat (avena sativa l.) primary leaves.	an intercellular washing solution containing about 1% of the soluble protein, 0.3% or less of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, but up to 20% of the peroxidase and beta-d-glucosidase activity of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) or oat (avena sativa l.) primary leaves was obtained by vacuum infiltrating peeled leaves with ph 6.9 buffered 200 millimolar nacl. after this wash, segments were homogenized in buffer, centrifuged, and the supernatant was assayed for soluble cytoplasmic enzymes. ...	1989	16666733
ph-dependence of extension growth in avena coleoptiles and its implications for the mechanism of auxin action.	the ph-dependence of acid-induced growth in excised segments of avena sativa coleoptiles has been reinvestigated in the ph range 3 to 7. in contrast to previous reports (e.g. dl rayle [1973] planta 114: 63-73), only acidic buffers with a ph below 5.0 induce an extension response. a ph of 3.5 to 4.0 is required to mimic auxin-mediated growth. very similar ph-response curves are obtained with both intact (abraded) and peeled coleoptiles. these results agree with the recent finding of a similarly l ...	1989	16666736
lysophosphatidylcholine stimulates atp dependent proton accumulation in isolated oat root plasma membrane vesicles.	lysophosphatidylcholine at concentrations of 30 micromolar stimulated the rate of mgatp-dependent h(+)-accumulation in oat (avena sativa l. cv rhiannon) root plasma membrane vesicles about 85% while the passive permeability of h(+) was unchanged. activation was dependent on chain length, degree of saturation, and head group of the lysophospholipid. a h(+)-atpase assay was developed that allowed the simultaneous measurement of proton pumping and atpase activity in the same sample. atp hydrolysis ...	1989	16666844
beta-d-glucan antibodies inhibit auxin-induced cell elongation and changes in the cell wall of zea coleoptile segments.	antiserum was raised against the avena sativa l. caryopsis beta-d-glucan fraction with an average molecular weight of 1.5 x 10(4). polyclonal antibodies recovered from the serum after protein a-sepharose column chromatography precipitated when cross-reacted with high molecular weight (1-->3), (1-->4)-beta-d-glucans. these antibodies were effective in suppression of cell wall autohydrolytic reactions and auxin-induced decreases in noncellulosic glucose content of the cell wall of maize (zea mays ...	1989	16666935
selective delipidation of the plasma membrane by surfactants : enrichment of sterols and activation of atpase.	the influence of plasma membrane lipid components on the activity of the h(+)-atpase has been studied by determining the effect of surfactants on membrane lipids and atpase activity of oat (avena sativa l.) root plasma membrane vesicles purified by a two-phase partitioning procedure. triton x-100, at 25 to 1 (weight/weight) triton to plasma membrane protein, an amount that causes maximal activation of the atpase in the atpase assay, extracted 59% of the membrane protein but did not solubilize th ...	1989	16666960
diclofop-methyl increases the proton permeability of isolated oat-root tonoplast.	diclofop-methyl (methyl ester of 2-[4-(2',4'-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propionate; 100 micromolar) and diclofop (100 micromolar) inhibited both atp- and ppi-dependent formation of h(+) gradients by tonoplast vesicles isolated from oat (avena sativa l., cv dal) roots. diclofop-methyl (1 micromolar) significantly reduced the steady-state h(+) gradient generated in the presence of atp. the ester (diclofop-methyl) was more inhibitory than the free acid (diclofop) at ph 7.4, but this relative activity ...	1989	16667096
characterization of a polyphosphoinositide phospholipase c from the plasma membrane of avena sativa.	a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase c activity was identified in oat root (avena sativa, cv victory) plasma membranes purified by separation in an aqueous two-phase polymer system. the enzyme is highly active toward inositol phospholipids but only minimally active toward phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. activity approaches maximal levels at 200 micromolar phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (pip) and is highly dependent on calcium; it is inhibited by 1 millimolar egta and is ...	1989	16667176
free amino acid composition of leaf exudates and phloem sap : a comparative study in oats and barley.	comparisons were made between the free amino acid composition in leaf exudates and that in pure phloem sap, using twin samples taken from a single leaf of two oat (avena sativa l.) and three barley (hordeum vulgare l.) varieties. leaf exudate was collected in a 5 mm edta-solution (ph 7.0) from cut leaf blades and phloem sap was obtained through excised aphid (rhopalosiphum padi l.) stylets. fluorescent derivatives of amino acids were obtained using 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate and were separa ...	1990	16667250
solubilization and reconstitution of the oat root vacuolar h/ca exchanger.	calcium is sequestered into vacuoles of oat (avena sativa l.) root cells via a h(+)/ca(2+) antiporter, and vesicles derived from the vacuolar membrane (tonoplast) catalyze an uptake of calcium which is dependent on protons (ph gradient [deltaph] dependent). the first step toward purification and identification of the h(+)/ca(2+) antiporter is to solubilize and reconstitute the transport activity in liposomes. the vacuolar h(+)/ca(2+) antiporter was solubilized with octylglucoside in the presence ...	1990	16667279
senescence and stomatal aperture as affected by antibiotics in darkness and light.	in leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare), as previously found with oats (avena sativa), a group of six antibiotics that interfere in different ways with the sequence dna --> mrna --> protein all delay senescence in the dark, acting to conserve chlorophyll (chl) and protein and also to open the stomata. among the active compounds is chloramphenicol, which had previously been reported to act only on procaryotes. it is now shown that all these compounds with senescence-delaying action in darkness have ...	1990	16667337
fructan precipitation from a water/ethanol extract of oats and barley.	fructan was precipitated from a water and ethanol extract of oat (avena sativa l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.). the degree of polymerization and response on a differential refractometer, based on peak area and height, was compared to fructan collected from a lead-based hplc column and to commercially available inulin. statistically significant differences are discussed.	1990	16667347
photoregulation of beta-tubulin mrna abundance in etiolated oat and barley seedlings.	the effect of light on the abundance of beta-tubulin mrna was measured in etiolated avena sativa l. and hordeum vulgare l. seedlings. slot blot analysis employing an oat beta-tubulin cdna clone was used to measure beta-tubulin mrna levels. white light induced a 45% decrease in oat beta-tubulin mrna abundance by 2 hours after transfer. a saturating red light pulse induced 40 and 55% decreases in beta-tubulin mrna levels in oats and barley, respectively. recovery of beta-tubulin mrna levels was ob ...	1990	16667578
immunocytolocalization of plasma membrane h-atpase.	the localization of plasma membrane h(+)-atpase has been studied at the optical microscope level utilizing frozen and paraffin sections of avena sativa and pisum sativum, specific anti-atpase polyclonal antibody, and second antibody coupled to alkaline phosphatase. in leaves and stems the atpase is concentrated at the phloem, supporting the notion that it generates the driving force for phloem loading. in roots the atpase is concentrated at both the periphery (rootcap and epidermis) and at the c ...	1990	16667670
aluminum ions induce oat protoplasts to produce an extracellular (1-->3)beta-d-glucan.	aluminum chloride induced mesophyll protoplasts of oat (avena sativa) to produce an extracellular polysaccharide (eps). eps induced by alcl(3) appeared identical to that produced in response to the phytotoxin victorin (jd walton, ed earle [1985] planta 165: 407-415). al ions at 1 millimolar were toxic to protoplasts, but maximum eps production occurred at a sublethal concentration of 200 micromolar, assayed at ph 6.0. as measured by incorporation of [(14)c]glucose, alcl(3) stimulated eps product ...	1990	16667679
an h-atpase assay: proton pumping and atpase activity determined simultaneously in the same sample.	a continuous spectrophotometric assay of h(+)-atpase activity was developed by combining two well-known methods for measuring proton pumping and atpase activity. proton uptake into plasma membrane vesicles from avena sativa l. (cv rhiannon) was monitored as the absorbance decrease at 495 nm of the deltaph probe acridine orange. simultaneously, atpase activity was measured by following the absorbance decrease at 340 nanometers by coupling atp hydrolysis enzymatically to the oxidation of nadh. thi ...	1990	16667867
electrical membrane properties of leaves, roots, and single root cap cells of susceptible avena sativa: effect of victorin c.	the effect of the purified host-selective toxin victorin c, a cyclized penta peptide, was compared to that of cccp and vanadate on membrane functions of susceptible leaves, roots, and single root cap cells of avena sativa with conventional electrophysiology. the plasmalemma depolarized irreversibly by about 80 millivolts and to below the diffusion potential within 1 hour. concentrations as low as 12.5 picomolar were effective in the susceptible but not the resistant cultivar. electrical membrane ...	1991	16668038
effects of diclofop and diclofop-methyl on membrane potentials in roots of intact oat, maize, and pea seedlings.	growth and electrophysiological studies in roots of intact diclofop-methyl susceptible and resistant seedlings were conducted to test the hypothesis that the herbicide acts primarily as a proton ionophore. the ester formulation of diclofop, at 0.2 micromolar, completely inhibited root growth in herbicide-susceptible oat (avena sativa l.) after a 96 hour treatment, but induced only a delayed transient depolarization of the membrane potential in oat root cortical cells. root growth in susceptible ...	1991	16668091
conjugation of ubiquitin to proteins from green plant tissues.	conjugation of the polypeptide ubiquitin to endogenous proteins was studied in oat (avena sativa l.) plants, and particularly in green tissues. conjugating activity in leaf extracts was different from that in root extracts, and in both was less than in etiolated tissue. the conjugates were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), and their formation was both time- and atp-dependent and had a ph optimum of about 8.2. the assay had a high affinity for atp ...	1991	16668183
xyloglucan antibodies inhibit auxin-induced elongation and cell wall loosening of azuki bean epicotyls but not of oat coleoptiles.	polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits against isoprimeverose (xyl(1)glc(1)), xyloglucan heptasaccharides (xyl(3)glc(4)), and octasaccharides (gal(1)xyl(3)glc(4)). antibodies specific for hepta- and octasaccharides suppressed auxin-induced elongation of epicotyl segments of azuki bean (vigna angularis ohwi and ohashi cv takara). these antibodies also inhibited auxin-induced cell wall loosening (decrease in the minimum stress-relaxation time and the relaxation rate of the cell walls) of azu ...	1991	16668221
western blot analysis of cereal grain prolamins using an antibody to carboxyl-linked indoleacetic acid.	a monoclonal antibody raised against carboxyl-linked iaa was used in western blot analysis of storage proteins from kernels of avena sativa, pennisetum americanum, sorghum bicolor, and zea mays. iaa or an iaa-like molecule is associated with the ethanolsoluble protein fraction of the seed. western blotting of commercial zein, the major storage protein of maize, along with physicochemical evidence reported by leverone et al. ([1991] plant physiol, 96: 1070-1075) indicated that iaa is linked with ...	1991	16668300
lipids of plasma membranes prepared from oat root cells : effects of induced water-deficit tolerance.	plasma membranes were isolated from oat (avena sativa) roots by the phase-partitioning method. the membranes were exposed to repeated periods of moderate water-deficit stress, and a water-deficit tolerance was induced (acclimated plants). the plasma membranes of the controls (nonacclimated plants) were characterized by a high phospholipid content, 79% of total lipids, cerebrosides (9%) containing hydroxy fatty acids (>90% 24:1-oh) and free sterols, acylated sterylglucosides, sterylglucosides, an ...	1991	16668310
patch clamping protoplasts from vascular plants : method for the quick isolation of protoplasts having a high success rate of gigaseal formation.	a method is described for the isolation of protoplasts (pisum sativum, phaseolus vulgaris, avena sativa, arabidopsis thaliana) in preparation for ion flux studies using patch clamp electrophysiology. protoplasts that have been exposed to hydrolytic, cell wall degrading, enzymes for as little as 5 minutes form gigaseals (seal resistance higher than 10 giga ohm) with the patch pipette with success rates greater than 40%. sealing of these protoplasts is fast, averaging less than 2 minutes. this met ...	1991	16668586
covalent binding sites of victorin in oat leaf tissues detected by anti-victorin polyclonal antibodies.	polyclonal antibodies against victorin, the host-specific toxin produced by cochliobolus victoriae, were raised in rabbits immunized with a victorin-bovine serum albumin conjugate. the antibodies were purified from serum by protein a column chromatography and characterized by indirect and direct enzymelinked immunosorbent assays (elisa). the concentration of victorin that inhibited anti-victorin antibody binding by 50% was 10 nanograms per milliliter in an indirect elisa. the lowest concentratio ...	1992	16668602
immunochemical analysis of the temporal and tissue-specific expression of an avena sativa plasma membrane determinant.	an immunoglobulin mk monoclonal (f8ive9) antibody raised against oat (avena sativa cv garry) root homogenate has been produced and characterized. the predominant target bound by this antibody is a 62-kilodalton protein (p62) that is expressed in both oat root and oat shoot cells. treatment of the oat antigen with periodate, or with recombinant n-glycanase, affects the f8ive9 binding to the antigen, suggesting that the specific epitope for this monoclonal antibody involves a carbohydrate determin ...	1992	16668621
k channels are responsible for an inwardly rectifying current in the plasma membrane of mesophyll protoplasts of avena sativa.	in whole-cell recording, the conductance of the plasma membrane of protoplasts isolated from mesophyll cells of leaves of oat (avena sativa) was greater for inward than outward current. the inward current in both the whole-cell mode and with isolated patches was dependent on [k(+)](o). when the membrane voltage was more positive than -50 millivolts, the membrane conductance in the whole-cell mode was low, and k(+) channels in cell-attached or outside-out patches had a low probability of being op ...	1992	16668731
novel light-regulated chloroplast thylakoid membrane protein.	a 64 kilodalton chloroplast membrane polypeptide was dependent on growth irradiance with 10-fold greater quantities of the protein present in barley (hordeum vulgare) grown under 500 micromoles of photons per square meter per second compared with growth at 50 micromoles per square meter per second. the concentration of the protein was sensitive to changes in irradiance, with a slow time course for the response (days) similar to other reported light acclimation processes. the polypeptide also was ...	1992	16668749
relationship between electron transport across the plasmalemma and a ph decrease in the bulk medium.	the hypothesis is tested that acidification of the bulk medium during transplasmalemma electron transport to ferricyanide is due solely to a requirement for charge balance. according to this hypothesis, reduction of the trivalent anion, ferricyanide, to the tetravalent anion, ferrocyanide, results in a charge difference that is balanced by protons. a coulometric device is used that rapidly and efficiently reoxidizes ferrocyanide to ferricyanide, thus maintaining a constant charge in the bulk med ...	1992	16668776
comparison of the outer and inner epidermis : inhibition of auxin-induced elongation of maize coleoptiles by glucan antibodies.	polyclonal antibodies, raised against beta-d-glucans prepared from oat (avena sativa l.) caryopses, cross-reacted specifically with (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-d-glucans when challenged in a dot blot analysis of related polymers bound to a cellulose thin layer chromatography plate. the antibodies suppressed indoleacetic acid (iaa)-induced elongation of segments from maize (zea mays l.) coleoptiles when the outer surface was abraded. however, iaa-induced elongation of nonabraded segments or segments wit ...	1992	16668791
dissociation and reassembly of the vacuolar h-atpase complex from oat roots.	conditions for the dissociation and reassembly of the multi-subunit vacuolar proton-translocating atpase (h(+)-atpase) from oat roots (avena sativa var lang) were investigated. the peripheral sector of the vacuolar h(+)-atpase is dissociated from the membrane integral sector by chaotropic anions. membranes treated with 0.5 molar ki lost 90% of membrane-bound atp hydrolytic activity; however, in the presence of mg(2+) and atp, only 0.1 molar ki was required for complete inactivation of atpase and ...	1992	16668845
subunit composition and organization of the vacuolar h-atpase from oat roots.	the vacuolar h(+)-translocating atpase (h(+)-atpase), originally reported to consist of three major subunits, has been further purified from oat roots (avena sativa var lang) to determine the complete subunit composition. triton-solubilized atpase activity was purified by gel filtration on sephacryl s400 and ion-exchange chromatography (q-sepharose). atp hydrolysis activity of purified preparations was inhibited by 100 nanomolar bafilomycin a(1), a specific vacuolar-type atpase inhibitor. the pu ...	1992	16668846
proton transport activity of the purified vacuolar h-atpase from oats : direct stimulation by cl.	to determine whether the detergent-solubilized and purified vacuolar h(+)-atpase from plants was active in h(+) transport, we reconstituted the purified vacuolar atpase from oat roots (avena sativa var lang). triton-solubilized atpase activity was purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. incorporation of the vacuolar atpase into liposomes formed from escherichia coli phospholipids was accomplished by removing triton x-100 with sm-2 bio-beads. atp hydrolysis activity of the rec ...	1992	16669020