Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| reduction of bladder cancer cell growth in response to hcgbeta ctp37 vaccinated mouse serum. | the free beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcgbeta) is well established as an ectopic product of epithelial tumors. originally explained as an epi-phenomenon, hcgbeta production by many types of carcinoma is increasingly regarded as a significant tumor event. studies in bladder cancer have shown that hcgbeta production, while not diagnostic, is a very good indicator for poor prognosis through correlations with resistance to radiotherapy and rapid metastasis. these clinical findings ... | 2003 | 14649543 |
| fermentation of vigna sinensis var. carilla flours by natural microflora and lactobacillus species. | natural fermentation and an inoculum containing 10% (vol/vol) lactobacillus fermentum or lactobacillus plantarum were used to obtain fermented flours from vigna sinensis l. var. carilla seeds that had been washed with distilled water and dried at 55 degrees c for 24 h. to optimize the fermentation parameters (lactic acid bacterium level, bean flour concentration, and fermentation time), several small-scale fermentation processes were carried out. on the basis of the results obtained, fermentor-s ... | 2003 | 14672230 |
| interaction with capsid protein alters rna structure and the pathway for in vitro assembly of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus. | viruses use sophisticated mechanisms to allow the specific packaging of their genome over that of host nucleic acids. we examined the in vitro assembly of the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv) and observed that assembly with viral rna follows two different mechanisms. initially, ccmv capsid protein (cp) dimers bind rna with low cooperativity and form virus-like particles of 90 cp dimers and one copy of rna. longer incubation reveals a different assembly path. at a stoichiometry of about ten c ... | 2004 | 14672655 |
| survival and growth of acid-adapted and unadapted shigella flexneri in a traditional fermented ghanaian weaning food as affected by fortification with cowpea. | shigellae are among the major causes of diarrheal diseases in infants and young children in developing countries. we conducted a study to determine the effect of fermentation of corn and corn/cowpea doughs used to prepare a traditional weaning porridge on the survival and growth characteristics of acid-adapted and unadapted shigella flexneri. porridges were prepared from doughs fermented for 0, 24, and 48 h at 30 degrees c. four-strain mixtures of acid-adapted and unadapted s. flexneri cells wer ... | 2004 | 14698100 |
| expression & immunogenicity of malaria merozoite peptides displayed on the small coat protein of chimaeric cowpea mosaic virus. | foreign peptide sequences can be inserted into the betab-betac loop of the cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) small coat protein (scp) to yield functional chimaeric viruses. immunisation with chimaeric cpmv elicits immune responses that protect against human immunodeficiency and mink enteritis viruses. the present study was undertaken to investigate the expression of a b cell epitope from the merozoite surface antigen-1 of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum (pfmsp1) in cpmv for an epitope based ... | 2003 | 14700344 |
| evaluation of some fungi and bacteria for biocontrol of anthracnose disease of cowpea. | the efficacy of some fungal and bacterial isolates obtained from cowpea phylloplane in inhibiting the in vitro and in vivo growth of colletotrichum lindemuthianum, causal agent of anthracnose of cowpea was investigated. inhibition of growth of the pathogen with production of zones of inhibition was observed for aspergillus flavus, a. ochraceus, penicillium aurantiogriseum, bacillus subtilis-bs21, b. subtilis-bs22 and b. subtilis-bs23. inhibition of growth on contact was recorded for a. niger whi ... | 2004 | 14768021 |
| a dominant-negative fur mutation in bradyrhizobium japonicum. | in many bacteria, the ferric uptake regulator (fur) protein plays a central role in the regulation of iron uptake genes. because iron figures prominently in the agriculturally important symbiosis between soybean and its nitrogen-fixing endosymbiont bradyrhizobium japonicum, we wanted to assess the role of fur in the interaction. we identified a fur mutant by selecting for manganese resistance. manganese interacts with the fur protein and represses iron uptake genes. in the presence of high level ... | 2004 | 14973020 |
| use of commercial freezers to control cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus (coleoptera: bruchidae), in organic garbanzo beans. | one california processor of organic garbanzo beans (cicer arietinum l.), unable to use chemical fumigants, relies on 30-d storage at -18 degrees c to disinfest product of the cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus (f). to determine whether the storage period may be shortened, the most cold-tolerant life stage of the cowpea weevil was identified. laboratory studies showed that the egg stage was most tolerant to -18 degrees c and that adults were most susceptible. to examine the efficacy of cold ... | 2003 | 14977138 |
| effects of artificial codon changes in the movement protein gene on adaptation of a hybrid bromovirus to cowpea. | a hybrid cowpea chlorotic mottle virus(ccmv) with the movement protein (mp) gene replaced with that of the closely related brome mosaic virus cannot infect cowpea systemically. twenty-nine spontaneous mutants from the hybrid ccmv capable of systemic infection in cowpea appeared through biased codon changes that resulted in lys or arg at five specific positions in the mp gene. in this study, we report that systemic infection of cowpea with the hybrid ccmv can be achieved by artificial codon chang ... | 2004 | 14978339 |
| variation in responses to susceptible and resistant cowpeas among west african populations of callosobruchus maculatus (coleoptera: bruchidae). | the cowpea seed beetle, sometimes also known as the cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus (f.), is a major pest of stored cowpeas (vigna unguiculata walpers) in west africa. control methods have included development of 'resistant' varieties as an environmentally benign alternative to insecticides, but there is concern over their effectiveness because of population variation among the insects and the possibility of adaptation overcoming seed resistance. populations of c. maculatus from nigeria, ... | 2003 | 14994820 |
| characterization of the proteins from vigna unguiculata seeds. | the proteins from vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. (cowpea) seeds were investigated. globulins constitute over 51% of the total seed protein, with albumins composing approximately 45%. the globulins may be fractionated by native electrophoresis or anion exchange chromatography into three main components, which were termed (in decreasing order of anodic mobility) alpha-vignin, beta-vignin, and gamma-vignin. alpha-vignin, with a sedimentation coefficient of 16.5s, is a major, nonglycosylated globulin, ... | 2004 | 15030230 |
| heterologous expression of the modified coat protein of cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus results in the assembly of protein cages with altered architectures and function. | we have developed methods for producing viral-based protein cages in high yield that are amenable to genetic modification. expression of the structural protein of cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus (ccmv) using the yeast-based pichia pastoris heterologous expression system resulted in the assembly of particles that were visibly indistinguishable from virus particles produced in the natural host. we have shown that a collection of non-infectious ccmv coat protein mutants expressed in the p. pasto ... | 2004 | 15039547 |
| the seed coat of phaseolus vulgaris interferes with the development of the cowpea weevil [callosobruchus maculatus (f.) (coleoptera: bruchidae)]. | we have confirmed here that the seeds of the common bean (phaseolus vulgaris, l.) do not support development of the bruchid callosobruchus maculatus (f.), a pest of cowpea [vigna unguiculata (l.) walp] seeds. analysis of the testa (seed coat) of the bean suggested that neither thickness nor the levels of compounds such as tannic acid, tannins, or hcn are important for the resistance. on the other hand, we have found that phaseolin (vicilin-like 7s storage globulin), detected in the testa by west ... | 2004 | 15048195 |
| structure of cowpea mottle virus: a consensus in the genus carmovirus. | cowpea mottle virus (cpmov) is a t = 3 virus that belongs to carmovirus genus of the tombusviridae family. here, we report the crystal structure of cpmov determined to a resolution of 7.0 angstroms. the structures and sequences of three carmoviruses, cpmov, turnip crinkle virus (tcv), and carnation mottle virus (carmv) have been compared to tbsv from the tombusvirus genus. cpmov, tcv, and carmv all have a deletion in betac strand in the s domain relative to tbsv that may be distinctive to the ge ... | 2004 | 15051394 |
| genetics of promiscuous nodulation in soybean: nodule dry weight and leaf color score. | the symbiotic relationship between the soybean plant and rhizobium results in fixation of atmospheric nitrogen (n(2)) in the root nodules, with the result that nitrogenous fertilization of the soybean is unnecessary. the effectiveness of nodule formation and n(2) fixation with rhizobial strains is under genetic control with two general categories identified: (1) promiscuous, which produces functional nodules with cowpea-type rhizobial strains; and (2) nonpromiscuous, which forms no or nonfunctio ... | 2004 | 15073231 |
| qualitative and quantitative variation among volatile profiles induced by tetranychus urticae feeding on plants from various families. | many plant species are known to emit herbivore-induced volatiles in response to herbivory. the spider mite tetranychus urticae koch is a generalist that can feed on several hundreds of host plant species. volatiles emitted by t. urticae-infested plants of 11 species were compared: soybean (glycine max), golden chain (laburnum anagyroides), black locust (robinia pseudo-acacia), cowpea (vigna unguiculata), tobacco (nicotiana tabacum), eggplant (solanum melalonga), thorn apple (datura stramonium), ... | 2004 | 15074658 |
| [study on the teratogenicity effects of genetically modified rich which expressed cowpea trypsin inhibitor on rats]. | rats were fed by transgenic rice which expressed insecticidal protein cpti (cowpea trypsin inhibitor) to study if the transgenic rice possessed potential teratogenicity effects. | 2004 | 15098484 |
| a kunitz-type inhibitor of coleopteran proteases, isolated from adenanthera pavonina l. seeds and its effect on callosobruchus maculatus. | the cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus is one of the major pests of vigna unguiculata cowpea. digestion in the cowpea weevil is facilitated by high levels of cysteine and aspartic acid proteinases. plants synthesize a variety of molecules, including proteinaceous proteinase inhibitors, to defend themselves against attack by insects. in this work, a trypsin inhibitor (apti) isolated from adenanthera pavonina seeds showed activity against papain. the inhibition of papain by apti was of the non ... | 2004 | 15113152 |
| requirements for brome mosaic virus subgenomic rna synthesis in vivo and replicase-core promoter interactions in vitro. | based solely on in vitro results, two contrasting models have been proposed for the recognition of the brome mosaic virus (bmv) subgenomic core promoter by the replicase. the first posits that the replicase recognizes at least four key nucleotides in the core promoter, followed by an induced fit, wherein some of the nucleotides base pair prior to the initiation of rna synthesis (s. adkins and c. c. kao, virology 252:1-8, 1998). the second model posits that a short rna hairpin in the core promote ... | 2004 | 15163702 |
| nolr regulates diverse symbiotic signals of sinorhizobium fredii hh103. | we have investigated in sinorhizobium fredii hh103-1 (=hh103 str(r)) the influence of the nolr gene on the production of three different bacterial symbiotic signals: nod factors, signal responsive (sr) proteins, and exopolysaccharide (eps). the presence of multiple copies of nolr (in plasmid pmus675) repressed the transcription of all the flavonoid-inducible genes analyzed: noda, nodd1, nolo, nolx, noel, rhcj, hesb, and y4pf. inactivation of nolr (mutant svq517) or its overexpression (presence o ... | 2004 | 15195950 |
| [study on food safety of genetically modified rice which expressed cowpea trypsin inhibitor by 90 day feeding test on rats]. | rats were fed by transgenic rice which expressed insecticidal protein cpti (cowpea trypsin inhibitor) to study if the transgenic rice possessed potential toxic or adverse effects. | 2004 | 15208998 |
| processing of a cowpea--groundnut blend into a miso-like product. | a traditional salt-miso process was used to produce a miso-like product from a 50-50 mixture of cowpea and groundnuts in a 60-day fermentation process as part of a study to determine the suitability of local legumes as raw materials for the production of miso. the koji was freshly prepared from a locally obtained rice and aspergillus oryzae spores obtained from japan. an old miso sample also obtained from japan was used as the source of lactic acid bacteria. the physico-chemical changes in the p ... | 2004 | 15223597 |
| chemical conjugation of heterologous proteins on the surface of cowpea mosaic virus. | genetic economy leads to symmetric distributions of chemically identical subunits in icosaherdal and helical viruses. modification of the subunit genes of a variety of viruses has permitted the display of polypeptides on both the infectious virions and virus particles made in expression systems. icosahedral chimeric particles of this type often display novel properties resulting in high local concentrations of the insert. here we report an extension of this concept in which entire proteins were ... | 2004 | 15264868 |
| crop growth and development effects on surface albedo for maize and cowpea fields in ghana, west africa. | the albedo (alpha) of vegetated land surfaces is a key regulatory factor in atmospheric circulation and plays an important role in mechanistic accounting of many ecological processes. this paper examines the influence of the phenological stages of maize (zea mays) and cowpea (vigna unguiculata) fields on observed albedo at a tropical site in ghana. the crops were studied for the first and second planting dates in the year 2002. crop management was similar for both seasons and measurements were t ... | 2004 | 15278686 |
| expression of the two nested overlapping reading frames of turnip yellow mosaic virus rna is enhanced by a 5' cap and by 5' and 3' viral sequences. | the translation efficiency of an mrna molecule is typically determined by its 5'- and/or 3'-untranslated regions (utrs). previously, we have found that the 3'-utr of turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) rna enhances translation synergistically with a 5' cap. here, we use a luciferase reporter system in cowpea protoplasts to show that the 5' 217 nucleotides from tymv genomic rna enhance expression relative to a vector-derived 17-nucleotide 5'-utr. maximum expression was observed from rnas with a cap ... | 2004 | 15308727 |
| genetic architecture of population differences in oviposition behaviour of the seed beetle callosobruchus maculatus. | few studies have examined the genetic architecture of population differences in behaviour and its implications for population differentiation and adaptation. even fewer have examined whether differences in genetic architecture depend on the environment in which organisms are reared or tested. we examined the genetic basis of differences in oviposition preference and egg dispersion between asian (si) and african (bf) populations of the seed beetle, callosobruchus maculatus. we reared and tested f ... | 2004 | 15312086 |
| use of the fluorescent timer dsred-e5 as reporter to monitor dynamics of gene activity in plants. | fluorescent proteins, such as green fluorescent protein and red fluorescent protein (dsred), have become frequently used reporters in plant biology. however, their potential to monitor dynamic gene regulation is limited by their high stability. the recently made dsred-e5 variant overcame this problem. dsred-e5 changes its emission spectrum over time from green to red in a concentration independent manner. therefore, the green to red fluorescence ratio indicates the age of the protein and can be ... | 2004 | 15326279 |
| cratylia argentea seed lectin, a possible defensive protein against plant-eating organisms: effects on rat metabolism and gut histology. | this present work was undertaken to answer two basic questions (a) is c. argentea lectin part of the general defensive strategy of the plant against predation by animals? (b) if so, how does it act on them? to achieve these goals the lectin from c. argentea seeds was purified to homogeneity and included at a 2% level in a diet containing 10% total protein and given to growing rats for 10 days. in vivo it was noted that the lectin from c. argentea is resistant to gut proteolysis, binds to the cel ... | 2004 | 15350671 |
| spatial analysis for exclusive interactions between subgroups i and ii of cucumber mosaic virus in cowpea. | the dynamics of virus interference in cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) infection in cowpea were investigated by tissue-blotting and in situ hybridization. using co-inoculation assays, we discovered that spatial competition between cmv-le (subgroup i) and cmv-m2 (subgroup ii) occurred in the inoculated leaves. interestingly, competitive interactions between the two viruses also could be observed in the non-inoculated upper leaf tissues of the plants. furthermore, the pattern of exclusive distribution ... | 2004 | 15380357 |
| normal mode based flexible fitting of high-resolution structure into low-resolution experimental data from cryo-em. | a new method for the flexible fitting of high-resolution structures into low-resolution maps of macromolecular complexes from electron microscopy has been recently described in applications to simulated electron density maps. this method uses a linear combination of low-frequency normal modes in an iterative manner to deform the structure optimally to conform to the low-resolution electron density map. gradient-following techniques in the coordinate space of collective normal modes are used to o ... | 2004 | 15450300 |
| surface-exposed c-terminal amino acids of the small coat protein of cowpea mosaic virus are required for suppression of silencing. | the small (s) coat protein of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) has been identified previously as a virus-encoded suppressor of post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs). deletions within the c-terminal 24 aa of this protein affect the yield and systemic spread of the virus, suggesting that the c-terminal amino acids of the s protein, which are exposed on the surface of assembled virus particles, may be responsible for the suppressor activity. to investigate this, versions of cpmv rna-2 with deletions ... | 2004 | 15483261 |
| flavonoids, nodd1, nodd2, and nod-box nb15 modulate expression of the y4wefg locus that is required for indole-3-acetic acid synthesis in rhizobium sp. strain ngr234. | flavonoids secreted by host plants activate, in conjunction with the transcriptional activator nodd, nod gene expression of rhizobia resulting in the synthesis of nod factors, which trigger nodule organogenesis. interestingly, addition of inducing flavonoids also stimulates the production of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) in several rhizobia. here, the molecular basis of iaa synthesis in rhizobium sp. ngr234 was investigated. mass spectrometric analysis of culture supernatants indic ... | 2004 | 15497408 |
| purification, identification and preliminary crystallographic characterization of a novel seed protein from vigna unguiculata. | a tropical legume, vigna unguiculata, was explored in order to identify potential allergens among the abundant seed proteins and to attempt their crystallographic study. salt fractionation of the seed extract followed by chromatographic separation led to the purification of a 25 kda protein. gel-filtration chromatography of the 80% ammonium sulfate precipitation fraction led to separation of this protein in pure form, which was subjected to n-terminal sequencing. the n-terminal sequences of inte ... | 2004 | 15502340 |
| competition between wild-type virus and a reassortant from subgroups i and ii of cmv and activation of antiviral responses in cowpea. | to investigate the interactions between rna3 and rna4 from subgroups i and ii in mixed infections, accumulation of cmv rna were analyzed. in the mixed inoculation assays with cmv-le (le, subgroup i) and a reassortant llm consisting of rna1 and rna2 from le, and rna3 from cmv-m2 (m2, subgroup ii), le rna3 and rna4 could systemically spread in the plants, whereas those of m2 could not. furthermore, accumulation of virus short rna and a cowpea-encoded rna-directed rna polymerase gene (vurdrp1) mrna ... | 2004 | 15593425 |
| bio-active composts from rice straw enriched with rock phosphate and their effect on the phosphorous nutrition and microbial community in rhizosphere of cowpea. | composts were produced from rice straw enriched with rock phosphate and inoculated with aspergillus niger, trichoderma viride and/or farmyard manure (fym). the resulting composts were evaluated as organic phosphate fertilizers for cowpea plants in pot experiments. the results showed that the maximum amount of soluble phosphorous (1000 ppm) was produced in composts inoculated with a. niger+t. viride with or without fym. any of the produced composts was much better than superphosphate fertilizer i ... | 2005 | 15627564 |
| the crystal structure of an eukaryotic iron superoxide dismutase suggests intersubunit cooperation during catalysis. | superoxide dismutases (sods) are a family of metalloenzymes that catalyze the dismutation of superoxide anion radicals into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. iron superoxide dismutases (fesods) are only expressed in some prokaryotes and plants. a new and highly active fesod with an unusual subcellular localization has recently been isolated from the plant vigna unguiculata (cowpea). this protein functions as a homodimer and, in contrast to the other members of the sod family, is localized ... | 2005 | 15659371 |
| dispensability of 3' trna-like sequence for packaging cowpea chlorotic mottle virus genomic rnas. | the 3' ends of three genomic rnas (grnas) of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv) terminate in a highly conserved trna-like structure (3'tls). to examine the intrinsic role played the 3'tls in packaging, the competence of each grna lacking the 3' tls (deltatls-grna) to interact with dissociated coat protein (cp) subunits and form virions was assayed in vitro. in contrast to the well established requirement for the participation of either viral 3'tls or host-trnas in the assembly of rna-containin ... | 2005 | 15680430 |
| predictable modification of body size and competitive ability following a host shift by a seed beetle. | interfertile populations of the seed beetle callosobruchus maculatus differ genetically in several behavioral, morphological, and life-history traits, including traits that affect the intensity of larval competition within seeds. previous studies have suggested that this variation depends on differences in host size. i performed a selection experiment in which replicate beetle lines were either maintained on a small, ancestral host (mung bean) or switched to a larger, novel host (cowpea). after ... | 2004 | 15696756 |
| diversity and distribution of begomoviruses infecting tomato in india. | leaf curl begomoviruses cause serious yield losses to indian tomato crops. total dnas were extracted from leaves of 69 tomato plants and 34 weeds or neighbouring crops collected from all the major tomato producing areas of india. eighty-one of the 103 samples were positive by pcrs using begomovirus genus-specific primers. coat protein (cp) genes from 29 samples were pcr amplified, cloned and sequenced. phylogenetic analyses of the cp sequences revealed five different tomato leaf curl begomovirus ... | 2005 | 15703846 |
| effect of processing on the antioxidant vitamins and antioxidant capacity of vigna sinensis var. carilla. | cowpea (vigna sinensis l. var. carilla) flours obtained by fermentation with inoculum lactobacillus plantarum (pf) or with the natural microorganisms present in the flour (nf) and subsequent heat treatment in an autoclave were prepared to study the effect of fermentation on the antioxidant vitamin content and on the antioxidant capacity. bacterial counts and ph values, vitamins c and e, carotenoids, glutathione (gsh), superoxide dismutase-like activity (sod-like activity), peroxyl radical-trappi ... | 2005 | 15713044 |
| xylem transport and shoot accumulation of lumichrome, a newly recognized rhizobial signal, alters root respiration, stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration and photosynthetic rates in legumes and cereals. | * root respiration, stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration and photosynthetic rates were measured in phytotron and field-grown plants following the application of 5 or 10 nm lumichrome, 10 nm aba (abscisic acid) and 10 ml of 0.2 od600 infective rhizobial cells. * providing soybean and cowpea roots with their respective homologous rhizobia and/or purified lumichrome increased the concentration of this molecule in xylem sap and leaf extracts. relative to control, rhizobial inoculation and lumich ... | 2005 | 15720696 |
| deletion of highly conserved arginine-rich rna binding motif in cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsid protein results in virion structural alterations and rna packaging constraints. | the n-proximal region of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv) capsid protein (cp) contains an arginine-rich rna binding motif (arm) that is also found in the cps of other members of bromoviridae and in other rna binding proteins such as the tat and rev proteins of human immunodeficiency virus. to assess the critical role played by this motif during encapsidation, a variant of ccmv rna3 (c3) precisely lacking the arm region (c3/delta919) of its cp gene was constructed. the biology and the compete ... | 2005 | 15731222 |
| properties of a virus isolated from vernonia amygdalina del. in lagos, nigeria. | a previously uncharacterized virus tentatively named vernonia green vein-banding virus (vgvbv) was isolated from vernonia amygdalina del. ("bitterleaf") from lagos, nigeria. the virus was mechanically transmissible but had a narrow host range restricted to nicotiana benthamiana, chenopodium quinoa and c. amaranticolor. it was also transmissible in a non-persistent manner by myzus persicae. the virus was purified from n. benthamiana and about 750 nm long flexuous rod-shaped particles were observe ... | 2004 | 15745049 |
| identification and pathogenic characterization of endophytic fusarium species from cowpea seeds. | isolates of fusarium were obtained and identified from seeds of cowpea, vigna unguiculata (l.) walp., by means of blotter tests and slide cultures. species were differentiated according to the morphology of the macroconidia, microconidia and their arrangement in chains or false heads, the size and type of conidiophore, and the presence or absence of chlamydospores. the species were identified as f. semitectum, f. equiseti, f. oxysporum, f. solani, f. anthophilum, f. sporotrichioides, f. monilifo ... | 2005 | 15750735 |
| nutritional quality of microwave-cooked and pressure-cooked legumes. | eight whole legumes, namely bengal gram (cicer arietinum), broad beans (vicia faba), cowpea (vigna catjang), field beans (dolichos lablab), green gram (phaseolus aureus roxb), horse gram (dolichos biflorus), lentils (lens esculenta) and french beans (phaseolus vulgaris), were cooked under pressure or in a microwave oven and were analysed for nutrient composition. raw legumes served as control. the range of nutrients analysed in 100 g cooked samples were as follows: moisture, 62.8-69.7 g; protein ... | 2004 | 15762308 |
| screening of a peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) cdna library to isolate a bowman-birk trypsin inhibitor clone. | peanut crop losses due to insect and pest infestation cost peanut farmers nearly 20% of their annual yields. the conventional use of chemicals to combat this problem is costly and toxic to humans and livestock and leads to the development of resistance by target insects. transgenic plants expressing a trypsin inhibitor gene in tobacco and cowpea have proven to be efficient for resistance against insects. therefore, a transgenic peanut overexpressing a trypsin inhibitor gene could be an alternati ... | 2005 | 15769131 |
| synthesis of infectious in vitro transcripts from cassia yellow blotch bromovirus cdna clones and a reassortment analysis with other bromoviruses in protoplasts. | cassia yellow blotch virus (cybv), genus bromovirus, was isolated from the australian native legume, cassia pleurocarpa, in western queensland, and its host range was found to be distinct from other bromoviruses. in this study, cybv was shown to infect systemically and efficiently a model plant species, arabidopsis thaliana, as we recently reported for another bromovirus, spring beauty latent virus (sblv). we constructed full-length cdna clones of cybv genomic rnas from which infectious in vitro ... | 2005 | 15770356 |
| purification of a lectin from the marine red alga gracilaria ornata and its effect on the development of the cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus (coleoptera: bruchidae). | a lectin from the marine red alga gracilaria ornata (gracilariaceae, rodophyta) was purified and characterized. the purification procedure consisted of extracting soluble proteins in 0.025 m tris-hcl buffer, ph 7.5, followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation (70% saturation), ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose and affinity chromatography on mucin-sepharose 4b. the purified g. ornata lectin (gol) showed a single protein band with an apparent molecular mass of 17 kda when submitted to s ... | 2005 | 15869843 |
| coat protein-independent cell-to-cell movement of bromoviruses expressing brome mosaic virus movement protein with an adaptation-related amino acid change in the central region. | the movement protein (mp) of brome mosaic virus (bmv) depends on the coat protein (cp) to mediate the cell-to-cell movement of bmv and ccmv(b3a), a recombinant cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv) expressing bmv mp. previous studies identified gain-of-function mutations in the central region of bmv mp that enable ccmv(b3a) to adapt to a resistant host. this study demonstrates that all adaptation-related mps can partially or almost fully mediate the cell-to-cell movement of ccmv(b3a) and bmv with ... | 2005 | 15906103 |
| effectiveness of recombinant soybean cysteine proteinase inhibitors against selected crop pests. | three recombinant soybean cysteine proteinase inhibitors (rscpis), l1, r1 and n2, were assessed for their potential to inhibit the growth and development of three major agricultural crop pests known to utilize digestive cysteine proteinases: western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera, wcr), colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata, cpb) and cowpea weevil (callosobruchus maculatus, cw). in vitro experiments showed that cysteine proteinase activities in the crude gut extracts o ... | 2005 | 15907768 |
| in vivo bioinsecticidal activity toward ceratitis capitata (fruit fly) and callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil) and in vitro bioinsecticidal activity toward different orders of insect pests of a trypsin inhibitor purified from tamarind tree (tamarindus indica) seeds. | a proteinaceous inhibitor with high activity against trypsin-like serine proteinases was purified from seeds of the tamarind tree (tamarindus indica) by gel filtration on shephacryl s-200 followed by a reverse-phase hplc vidac c18 tp. the inhibitor, called the tamarind trypsin inhibitor (tti), showed a mr of 21.42 kda by mass spectrometry analysis. tti was a noncompetitive inhibitor with a ki value of 1.7 x 10(-9) m. in vitro bioinsecticidal activity against insect digestive enzymes from differe ... | 2005 | 15913299 |
| normal mode calculations of icosahedral viruses with full dihedral flexibility by use of molecular symmetry. | the study of the dynamics and thermodynamics of small icosahedral virus capsids is an active field of research. normal mode analysis is one of the computational tools that can provide important insights into the conformational changes of the virus associated with cell entry or caused by changing of the physicochemical environment. normal mode analysis of virus capsids has been limited due to the size of these systems, which often exceed 50,000 residues. here we present the first normal mode calc ... | 2005 | 15922356 |
| absence of interaction of genomic components and complementation between mungbean yellow mosaic india virus isolates in cowpea. | agroinoculations were performed with dna a and dna b components of mungbean yellow mosaic india virus (mymiv) isolates differing in their infectivity on cowpea. exchange of genomic components of the mymiv isolates occurred in all the leguminous species but not in cowpea. extremely low viral dna accumulation and atypical leaf curl symptoms produced by reassortants in cowpea suggest barriers both for replication and systemic movement despite genetic similarity. | 2005 | 15931466 |
| [fusion expression, purification and bioactivity assay of cpti in escherichia coli]. | cpti (cowpea trypsin inhibitor) is a widely used insect resistance gene in the plant genetic engineering for its high insecticidal activity and the minimal ability of the insects to evolve resistance to it. to facilitate the safety assessment of genetically modified foods (gmfs) with cpti protein, we need to produce gram quantities of this protein in microbes. with the pgex fusion expression system, we expressed the gst-cpti protein in e. coli bl21, which accounted for approximately 40% of germ ... | 2003 | 15969038 |
| guab activity is required in rhizobium tropici during the early stages of nodulation of determinate nodules but is dispensable for the sinorhizobium meliloti-alfalfa symbiotic interaction. | the guab mutant strain rhizobium tropici ciat8999-10t is defective in symbiosis with common bean, forming nodules that lack rhizobial content. in order to investigate the timing of the guab requirement during the nodule formation on the host common bean by the strain ciat899-10.t, we constructed gene fusions in which the guab gene is expressed under the control of the symbiotic promoters noda, baca, and nifh. our data indicated that the guab is required from the early stages of nodulation becaus ... | 2005 | 16042020 |
| identification and quantification of three genetically modified insect resistant cotton lines using conventional and taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. | as the genetically modified organisms (gmos) labeling policies are issued in many countries, qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques are increasingly used for the detection of genetically modified (gm) crops in foods. qualitative pcr and taqman real-time quantitative pcr methods to detect and identify three varieties of insect resistant cotton, i.e., mon531 cotton (monsanto co.) and gk19 and sgk321 cottons (chinese academy of agricultural sciences), which were app ... | 2005 | 16076097 |
| immunodiagnosis of groundnut and watermelon bud necrosis viruses using polyclonal antiserum to recombinant nucleocapsid protein of groundnut bud necrosis virus. | in vitro gene expression strategy was used for the production of polyclonal antiserum to the nucleocapsid protein (np) of groundnut bud necrosis virus (gbnv). the gbnv np gene from cowpea isolate was cloned into 6x his-tagged ua cloning vector and expressed in escherichia coli [m15] cells. the fusion protein was detected in insoluble fraction and was purified by using ni-nta agarose resin. the purified 6x his-fusion protein ( approximately 32 kda) was used for immunisation to produce a high titr ... | 2005 | 16095728 |
| the use of viral vectors to produce hepatitis b virus core particles in plants. | the expression and assembly of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) nucleocapsid protein (hbcag) were investigated in plants using viral vectors. constructs based on either potato virus x (pvx) or cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) containing the sequence of hbcag were able to infect the appropriate host plants and remained genetically stable during infection. analysis of hbcag expression revealed that the protein can self-assemble into core-like particles and that the assembled material could be partially purif ... | 2006 | 16112207 |
| antennal electrophysiological responses of three parasitic wasps to caterpillar-induced volatiles from maize (zea mays mays), cotton (gossypium herbaceum), and cowpea (vigna unguiculata). | many parasitic wasps are attracted to volatiles that are released by plants when attacked by potential hosts. the attractiveness of these semiochemicals from damaged plants has been demonstrated in many tritrophic systems, but the physiological mechanisms underlying the insect responses are poorly understood. we recorded the antennal perception by three parasitoids (cotesia marginiventris, microplitis rufiventris, and campoletis sonorensis) to volatiles emitted by maize, cowpea, and cotton plant ... | 2005 | 16124230 |
| bruchid (coleoptera: bruchidae) ovicidal phenylbutanoid from zingiber purpureum. | the larvicidal activity of the dichloromethane extract of zingiber purpureum roscoe (zingiberaceae) rhizome against the second instar of aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) is shown to be due to 4-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)buta-1,3-diene. the diene also showed ovicidal activity against the bruchid callosobruchus maculatus (f.) (coleoptera: bruchidae). most of the eggs laid by bruchids on treated cowpea seeds were transparent, and very few of them contained developing embryos. the few larvae pro ... | 2005 | 16156567 |
| characterization of resistance to callosobruchus maculatus (coleoptera: bruchidae) in mungbean variety vc6089a and its resistance-associated protein vrd1. | characteristics of resistance of vc6089a, a mungbean, vigna radiata (l.) wilczek, bred by using a wild vigna species, v. sublobata (roxburgh) verdcourt (accession no. tc1966), and containing a novel protein, vrd1, were investigated against the cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus (f.). the seeds of vc6089a showed high level of resistance; > 96% of the bruchid eggs failed to develop into adults, whereas 85% of eggs laid on susceptible cultivar vc1973a became adults. mortality of surviving bruc ... | 2005 | 16156592 |
| structural characterization of a flavonoid-inducible pseudomonas aeruginosa a-band-like o antigen of rhizobium sp. strain ngr234, required for the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules. | rhizobium (sinorhizobium) sp. strain ngr234 contains three replicons, the smallest of which (pngr234a) carries most symbiotic genes, including those required for nodulation and lipo-chito-oligosaccharide (nod factor) biosynthesis. activation of nod gene expression depends on plant-derived flavonoids, nodd transcriptional activators, and nod box promoter elements. nod boxes nb6 and nb7 delimit six different types of genes, one of which (fixf) is essential for the formation of effective nodules on ... | 2005 | 16159781 |
| production, acceptability and microbiological evaluation of weaning food formulations. | weaning food formulations were produced from pearl millet cultivar (sosat c-88), cowpea and groundnut in the ratio of 70:20:10 and 5 per cent malt from six pearl millet cultivars (sosat c-88, zango, ex-borno, icmv is 94206, gwagwa, gb 8735) and one sorghum cultivar (icsv iii) were added to produce seven formulations plus the one without malt. microbiological quality of eight weaning food formulations was evaluated. twenty weaning mothers were used to determine the acceptability of gruels from th ... | 2006 | 16169859 |
| the strigolactone germination stimulants of the plant-parasitic striga and orobanche spp. are derived from the carotenoid pathway. | the seeds of parasitic plants of the genera striga and orobanche will only germinate after induction by a chemical signal exuded from the roots of their host. up to now, several of these germination stimulants have been isolated and identified in the root exudates of a series of host plants of both orobanche and striga spp. in most cases, the compounds were shown to be isoprenoid and belong to one chemical class, collectively called the strigolactones, and suggested by many authors to be sesquit ... | 2005 | 16183851 |
| systemic trafficking of plant virus nanoparticles in mice via the oral route. | the plant virus, cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), is increasingly being used as a nanoparticle platform for multivalent display of peptides. a growing variety of applications have employed the cpmv display technology including vaccines, antiviral therapeutics, nanoblock chemistry, and materials science. cpmv chimeras can be inexpensively produced from experimentally infected cowpea plants and are completely stable at 37 degrees c and low ph, suggesting that they could be used as edible or mucosally-d ... | 2005 | 16185741 |
| relationships of intercropped maize, stem borer damage to maize yield and land-use efficiency in the humid forest of cameroon. | stem borers are the most important maize pests in the humid forest zone of cameroon. field trials were conducted in the long and short rainy seasons of 2002 and 2003 to assess the level of damage and yield reductions caused by stem borers in monocropped maize and in maize intercropped with non-host plants such as cassava, cowpea and soybean. the intercrops were planted in two spatial arrangements, i.e. alternating hills or alternating rows. all intercrops and the maize monocrop were grown with a ... | 2005 | 16197562 |
| development of cowpea mosaic virus-based vectors for the production of vaccines in plants. | plant viruses are emerging as an attractive alternative to stable genetic transformation for the expression of foreign proteins in plants. the main advantages of using this strategy are that viral genomes are small and easy to manipulate, infection of plants with modified viruses is simpler and quicker than the regeneration of stably transformed plants and the sequence inserted into a virus vector will be highly amplified. one use of these virus expression systems is for vaccine production. amon ... | 2005 | 16221070 |
| cloning, restriction mapping and phylogenetic relationship of genomic components of mymiv from lablab purpureus. | the present work describes cloning of genomic components of whitefly transmitted geminivirus infecting lablab purpureus syn. dolichos lablab (commonly known as dolichos bean or hyacinth bean). the genome characterization using pcr with geminiviral degenerate primers and dna sequencing were used to describe the bipartite virus associated with yellow mosaic disease of dolichos lablab. full-length dna-a and dna-b clones were obtained. the dna-a sequence analysis showed that the isolate was similar ... | 2006 | 16242317 |
| genetic transformation of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l.) and stable transmission of the transgenes to progeny. | cowpeas are nutritious grains that provide the main source of protein, highly digestible energy and vitamins to some of the world's poorest people. the demand for cowpeas is high but yields remain critically low, largely because of insect pests. cowpea germplasm contains little or no resistance to major insect pests and a gene technology approach to adding insect protection traits is now a high priority. we have adapted features of several legume and other transformation systems and reproducibly ... | 2006 | 16244884 |
| cowpea (vigna unguiculata) vicilins bind to the peritrophic membrane of larval sugarcane stalk borer (diatraea saccharalis). | in this work, we show that vicilins from two vigna unguiculata (cowpea) genotypes, epace-10 and it 81d-1045, which are susceptible and resistant to attack by the cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus, respectively, associate with the peritrophic membrane (pm) from larvae of diatraea saccharalis. solutions with increasing concentrations of vicilins were incubated with pm of the larvae and subsequently analysed by electrophoresis with sds. it was observed that the majority of the bands of approxi ... | 2003 | 16256689 |
| symbiotic hydrogenase activity in bradyrhizobium sp. (vigna) increases nitrogen content in vigna unguiculata plants. | bradyrhizobium sp. (lupinus) and bradyrhizobium sp. (vigna) mutants in which hydrogenase (hup) activity was affected were constructed and analyzed. vigna unguiculata plants inoculated with the bradyrhizobium sp. (vigna) hup mutant showed reduced nitrogenase activity and also a significant decrease in nitrogen content, suggesting a relevant contribution of hydrogenase activity to plant yield. | 2005 | 16269797 |
| electrostatic properties of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus and cucumber mosaic virus capsids. | electrostatic properties of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv) and cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) were investigated using numerical solutions to the poisson-boltzmann equation. experimentally, it has been shown that ccmv particles swell in the absence of divalent cations when the ph is raised from 5 to 7. cmv, although structurally homologous, does not undergo this transition. an analysis of the calculated electrostatic potential confirms that a strong electrostatic repulsion at the calcium-bindi ... | 2006 | 16278831 |
| cell-to-cell movement of alfalfa mosaic virus can be mediated by the movement proteins of ilar-, bromo-, cucumo-, tobamo- and comoviruses and does not require virion formation. | rna 3 of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) encodes the movement protein (mp) and coat protein (cp). chimeric rna 3 with the amv mp gene replaced by the corresponding mp gene of prunus necrotic ringspot virus, brome mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus or cowpea mosaic virus efficiently moved from cell-to-cell only when the expressed mp was extended at its c-terminus with the c-terminal 44 amino acids of amv mp. mp of tobacco mosaic virus supported the movement of the chimeric rna 3 whether or not the mp ... | 2006 | 16316673 |
| the potyvirus associated with the dappled fruit of passiflora edulis in kagoshima prefecture, japan is the third strain of the proposed new species east asian passiflora virus (eapv) phylogenetically distinguished from strains of passion fruit woodiness virus. | a potyvirus (isolate ib) causing dappled or faded fruits and foliar mosaic symptoms of purple passionfruit, was found in the botanical garden of kagoshima university, japan. this isolate--differed in host range from isolates of passion fruit woodiness virus (pwv)-ao, previously reported to cause "woodiness" in japan. isolates ib and ao had 83% amino acid identity in their coat proteins (cps). in phylogenetic analysis, east asian isolates ib, ao, and pwv-taiwan clustered together, and were distin ... | 2006 | 16328141 |
| nodulation of acacia species by fast- and slow-growing tropical strains of rhizobium. | thirteen acacia species were classified into three groups according to effective nodulation response patterns with fast- and slow-growing tropical strains of rhizobium. the first group nodulated effectively with slow-growing, cowpea-type rhizobium strains; the second, with fast-growing rhizobium strains; and the third, with both fast- and slow-growing rhizobium strains. the rhizobium requirements of the acacia species of the second group were similar to those of leucaena leucocephala. | 1981 | 16345705 |
| physiological characteristics of cowpea rhizobia: evaluation of symbiotic efficiency in vigna unguiculata. | one fast-growing and three slow-growing strains of rhizobium (isolated from cowpeas) were evaluated for symbiotic performance on vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. cultivar california no. 5 blackeyes. plants inoculated with slow-growing strains 176a22, 176a30, and 176a32 developed a maximum acetylene reduction activity of 24.6, 27.0, and 32 mumol of ethylene formed per plant per h, respectively, versus 6.4 mumol per plant per h in plants inoculated with the fast-growing strain 176a28. when inoculated ... | 1981 | 16345732 |
| recognition of leguminous hosts by a promiscuous rhizobium strain. | the lima bean (phaseolus lunatus l.) and the pole bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) are nodulated by rhizobia of two different cross-inoculation groups. rhizobium sp. 127e15, a cowpea-type rhizobium, can induce effective nodules on the lima bean and partially effective nodules on the pole bean. rhizobium phaseoli 127k14 can induce effective nodules on the pole bean but does not reciprocally nodulate the lima bean. root hairs of the lima bean when inoculated with rhizobium sp. 127e15 showed tip curlin ... | 1982 | 16345975 |
| legume-rhizobium interactions: cowpea root exudate elicits faster nodulation response by rhizobium species. | preinfection events in legume-rhizobium symbiosis were analyzed by studying the different nodulation behaviors of two rhizobial strains in cowpeas (vigna sinensis). log-phase cultures of rhizobium sp. strain 1001, an isolate from the plant nodule, initiated host responses leading to infection within 2 h after inoculation, whereas log-phase cultures of rhizobium sp. strain 32h1 took at least 7 h to trigger a discernible response. the delay observed with strain 32h1 could be eliminated by incubati ... | 1982 | 16345989 |
| cowpea rhizobia producing dark nodules: use in competition studies. | during a program of screening rhizobia from west africa, it was found that some strains produced nodules of unusually dark appearance on cowpeas, but not on peanuts, soybeans, pigeon peas, or mung beans. the dark pigmentation was in the bacteroid zone, was not correlated with nodule effectiveness, and was additional to the leghemoglobin pigment. only rhizobial strains with a nongummy ("dry") colony morphology produced dark nodules. visually distinguishable pink and dark nodules formed on the sam ... | 1982 | 16346091 |
| nodulation of pole bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) by rhizobium species of two cross-inoculation groups. | physiology and morphology of pole bean (phaseolus vulgaris l. cv kentucky wonder) root nodules induced by two rhizobium species of different cross-inoculation groups have been compared. root nodules induced by rhizobium sp. 127e15, which is a strain of the cowpea group rhizobium, were pinkish, had irregular shapes, and were only partially effective. their peak acetylene reduction activity was 4.36 mumol of c(2)h(4) formed per g of fresh nodules per h at 30 days after inoculation. the effective n ... | 1982 | 16346121 |
| relationships among rhizobia from native australian legumes. | isolates from 12 legumes at three sites in victoria showed a wide range of morphological, cultural, symbiotic, and serological properties. isolates from acacia longifolia var. sophorae and kennedia prostrata were fast growing but nodulated ineffectively macroptilium atropurpureum and all native legumes except swainsonia lessertiifolia. isolates from s. lessertiifolia showed anomalous properties intermediate between fast- and slow-growing rhizobia. all isolates from the other two sites were slow- ... | 1983 | 16346315 |
| conservation in soil of h(2) liberated from n(2) fixation by hup nodules. | pigeon peas (cajanus cajan) were grown in large soil columns (90-cm length by 30-cm diameter) and inoculated with four different strains of cowpea rhizobia, which varied with respect to hydrogen uptake activity (hup). despite the profuse liberation of h(2) from hup nodules in vitro, h(2) gas was not detected in any of the soil columns. when h(2) was injected into the columns, the rates of consumption were highest in the treatments (including control) containing hup nodules (218 and 177 nmol . h ... | 1983 | 16346356 |
| mineral soils as carriers for rhizobium inoculants. | mineral soil-based inoculants of rhizobium meliloti and rhizobium phaseoli survived better at 4 degrees c than at higher temperatures, but ca. 15% of the cells were viable at 37 degrees c after 27 days. soil-based inoculants of r. meliloti, r. phaseoli, rhizobium japonicum, and a cowpea rhizobium sp. applied to seeds of their host legumes also survived better at low temperatures, but the percent survival of such inoculants was higher than peat-based inoculants at 35 degrees c. survival of r. pha ... | 1984 | 16346460 |
| invalidity of the concept of slow growth and alkali production in cowpea rhizobia. | a total of 103 rhizobial strains representing the cowpea miscellany and rhizobium japonicum were studied with regard to growth rate, glucose metabolic pathways, and ph change in culture medium. doubling times ranged from 1.4 +/- 0.04 to 44.1 +/- 5.2 h; although two populations of "fast-growing" and "slow-growing" rhizobia were noted, they overlapped and were not distinctly separated. twenty-four strains which had doubling times of less than 8 h all showed nadp-linked 6-phosphogluconate dehydroge ... | 1984 | 16346589 |
| possible involvement of phage-like structures in antagonism of cowpea rhizobia by rhizobium trifolii. | a reduction in the viability of cowpea rhizobia was observed when rhizobium trifolii iari and cowpea rhizobium strain 3824 were inoculated together in soil. the reduction in number of cowpea rhizobia in soil was found to be associated with the reduction in number of nodules per plant and retardation in plant growth. an antimicrobial substance was isolated from r. trifolii which, on electron microscopic investigation, demonstrated the presence of several phage-like structures. | 1985 | 16346736 |
| comparison of hup trait and intrinsic antibiotic resistance for assessing rhizobial competitiveness axenically and in soil. | the competitiveness of dual-strain inocula of cowpea rhizobia for nodulation of vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. was studied axenically between one slow-growing strain (p132, hp147, 401, or 22a1) and one fast-growing strain (176a26 or 176a28) at logarithmic inoculum ratios ranging from 10 to 10. nodule infectivity was determined by multiple intrinsic antibiotic resistance, since both fast-growing strains were sensitive. different hydrogen uptake (hup) efficiencies of dual-strain inocula allowed for ... | 1986 | 16347016 |
| asymbiotic acetylene reduction by a fast-growing cowpea rhizobium strain with nitrogenase structural genes located on a symbiotic plasmid. | a procedure was designed which enabled the detection of ex planta nitrogenase activity in the fast-growing cowpea rhizobium strain ihp100. nitrogenase activity in agar culture under air occurred at a rate similar to that found for bradyrhizobium strain cb756 but lower than that for rhizobium strain ors571. hybridization studies showed that both nod and nif genes were located on a 410-kilobase sym plasmid in strain ihp100. | 1986 | 16347045 |
| inoculation response of legumes in relation to the number and effectiveness of indigenous rhizobium populations. | the response of legumes to inoculation with rhizobia can be affected by many factors. little work has been undertaken to examine how indigenous populations or rhizobia affect this response. we conducted a series of inoculation trials in four hawaiian soils with six legume species (glycine max, vigna unguiculata, phaseolus lunatus, leucaena leucocephala, arachis hypogaea, and phaseolus vulgaris) and characterized the native rhizobial populations for each species in terms of the number and effecti ... | 1986 | 16347046 |
| fermentation of aqueous plant seed extracts by lactic acid bacteria. | the effects of lactic acid bacterial fermentation on chemical and physical changes in aqueous extracts of cowpea (vigna unguiculata), peanut (arachis hypogea), soybean (glycine max), and sorghum (sorghum vulgare) were studied. the bacteria investigated were lactobacillus helveticus, l. delbrueckii, l. casei, l. bulgaricus, l. acidophilus, and streptococcus thermophilus. organisms were inoculated individually into all of the seed extracts; l. bulgaricus and s. thermophilus were also evaluated tog ... | 1986 | 16347053 |
| nitrous oxide reduction in nodules: denitrification or n(2) fixation? | detached cowpea nodules that contained a nitrous oxide reductase-positive (nor) rhizobium strain (8a55) and a nitrous oxide reductase-negative (nor) rhizobium strain (32h1) were incubated with 1% n(2)o (95 atom% n) in the following three atmospheres: (i) aerobic with c(2)h(2) (10%), (ii) aerobic without c(2)h(2), and (iii) anaerobic (argon atmosphere) without c(2)h(2). the greatest production of n(2) occurred anaerobically with 8a55, yet very little was formed with 32h1. although acetylene reduc ... | 1987 | 16347344 |
| cloning and mapping of a novel nodulation region from bradyrhizobium japonicum by genetic complementation of a deletion mutant. | the phenotypes of a set of bradyrhizobium japonicum 110 mutants with large deletions in the region of symbiotic gene cluster i were tested. the majority of the mutants showed a delayed nodulation on soybean and, by mixed-infection experiments, were found to be strongly reduced in their competitiveness. phenotypic comparison of mutants with different deletion endpoints allowed a preliminary localization of two genomic regions, called nod-1 and nod-2, which were required for normal nodulation on s ... | 1988 | 16347539 |
| nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and hydrogen oxidation by pigeon pea bradyrhizobium spp. in symbiotic association with pigeon pea, cowpea, and soybean. | the pigeon pea strains of bradyrhizobium cc-1, cc-8, uasgr(s), and f4 were evaluated for nodulation, effectiveness for n(2) fixation, and h(2) oxidation with homologous and nonhomologous host plants. strain cc-1 nodulated macroptilium atropurpureum, vigna unguiculata, glycine max, and g. soja but did not nodulate pisum sativum, phaseolus vulgaris, trigonella foenum-graecum, and trifolium repens. strain f4 nodulated g. max cv. peking and pi 434937 (malayan), but the symbioses formed were poor. si ... | 1988 | 16347542 |
| numerical taxonomic analysis of some strains of rhizobium spp. that uses a qualitative coding of immunodiffusion reactions. | antigenic relationships among seven strains of bradyrhizobium japonicum were examined by immunodiffusion reactions, in which cells of each strain were reacted against each of the seven corresponding antisera. similar analyses were performed with rhizobium trifolii (28 strains), rhizobium meliloti (9 strains), and rhizobia of the cowpea miscellany (13 strains). antigens and antisera were reacted within each species only; serological interspecies cross-reactions were not performed. the results, sc ... | 1988 | 16347692 |
| survival of azorhizobium caulinodans in the soil and rhizosphere of wetland rice under sesbania rostrata-rice rotation. | the survival of indigenous and introduced strains of azorhizobium caulinodans in flooded soil and in the rice rhizosphere, where in situ sesbania rostrata was incorporated before the rice crop, is reported. the azorhizobia studied were both root and stem nodulating. in a pot experiment, two crop cycles each of inoculated and noninoculated sesbania-rice were compared with two crop cycles of flooded fallow-rice. in a field experiment, the effect of repeated incorporation of in situ s. rostrata in ... | 1989 | 16347853 |
| evidence for a third uptake hydrogenase phenotype among the soybean bradyrhizobia. | the existence of a hydrogen uptake host-regulated (hup-hr) phenotype was established among the soybean bradyrhizobia. the hup-hr phenotype is characterized by the expression of uptake hydrogenase activity in symbiosis with cowpea but not soybean. uptake hydrogenase induction is not possible under free-living cultural conditions by using techniques developed for uptake hydrogenase-positive (hup) bradyrhizobium japonicum. hydrogen oxidation by hup-hr phenotype usda 61 in cowpea symbioses was signi ... | 1990 | 16348383 |
| influence of the size of indigenous rhizobial populations on establishment and symbiotic performance of introduced rhizobia on field-grown legumes. | indigenous rhizobia in soil present a competition barrier to the establishment of inoculant strains, possibly leading to inoculation failure. in this study, we used the natural diversity of rhizobial species and numbers in our fields to define, in quantitative terms, the relationship between indigenous rhizobial populations and inoculation response. eight standardized inoculation trials were conducted at five well-characterized field sites on the island of maui, hawaii. soil rhizobial population ... | 1991 | 16348393 |
| subgroups of the cowpea miscellany: symbiotic specificity within bradyrhizobium spp. for vigna unguiculata, phaseolus lunatus, arachis hypogaea, and macroptilium atropurpureum. | rhizobia classified as bradyrhizobium spp. comprise a highly heterogeneous group of bacteria that exhibit differential symbiotic characteristics on hosts in the cowpea miscellany cross-inoculation group. to delineate the degree of specificity exhibited by four legumes in the cowpea miscellany, we tested the symbiotic characteristics of indigenous cowpea bradyrhizobia on cowpea (vigna unguiculata), siratro (macroptilium atropurpureum), lima bean (phaseolus lunatus), and peanut (arachis hypogaea). ... | 1991 | 16348492 |
| uptake hydrogenase (hup) in common bean (phaseolus vulgaris) symbioses. | strains of rhizobium forming nitrogen-fixing symbioses with common bean were systematically examined for the presence of the uptake hydrogenase (hup) structural genes and expression of uptake hydrogenase (hup) activity. dna with homology to the hup structural genes of bradyrhizobium japonicum was present in 100 of 248 strains examined. ecori fragments with molecular sizes of approximately 20.0 and 2.2 kb hybridized with an internal saci fragment, which contains part of both bradyrhizobial hup st ... | 1993 | 16349115 |
| screening of entomopathogenic metarhizium anisopliae isolates and proteomic analysis of secretion synthesized in response to cowpea weevil (callosobruchus maculatus) exoskeleton. | cowpea crops are severely attacked by callosobruchus maculatus, a coleopteran that at the larval stage penetrates into stored seeds and feeds on cotyledons. cowpea weevil control could be based in utilization of bacteria and fungi to reduce pest development. entomopathogenic fungi, such as metarhizium anisopliae, are able to control insect-pests and are widely applied in biological control. this report evaluated ten m. anisopliae isolates according to their virulence, correlating chitinolytic, p ... | 2006 | 16406356 |
| effect of trypsin inhibitor from crotalaria pallida seeds on callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil) and ceratitis capitata (fruit fly). | a proteinaceous trypsin inhibitor was purified from crotalaria pallida seeds by ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography on immobilized trypsin-sepharose and tca precipitation. the trypsin inhibitor, named cpati, had m(r) of 32.5 kda as determined by sds-page and was composed of two subunits with 27.7 and 5.6 kda linked by disulfide bridges. cpati was stable at 50 degrees c and lost 40% of activity at 100 degrees c. cpati was also stable from ph 2 to 12 at 37 degrees c. cpati weak ... | 2005 | 16426854 |