Publications

the cloning of sequences differentially transcribed during the induction of somatic embryogenesis in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	somatic embryogenesis in cucumber cell suspension culture is a convenient tool to study differential gene expression, particularly during the early stages of this process. in this study, we used the cucumber somatic embryogenesis system to detect genes that were differentially transcribed during the induction of embryo development. we identified and cloned 120 candidate cdna fragments from differential display gels. the selected cdnas were confirmed by reverse northern, and 83 were sequenced. th ...	2004	15647797
transcriptional expression of a solanum sogarandium pgt::dhn10 gene fusion in cucumber, and its correlation with chilling tolerance in transgenic seedlings.	the expression pattern of a solanum sogarandinum pgt::dhn10 gene fusion encoding a dehydrin dhn10 protein and the potential role of that protein in cold tolerance in cucumber were analysed in three t1transgenic lines. an accumulation of dhn10 mrna was detected in the leaves, cotyledons, hypocotyls and roots of the transgenic seedlings both under the control conditions and after a cold treatment at 6 degrees c for 24 h. this was confirmed by rt-pcr. however, no dhn10 protein was detected by the a ...	2004	15647805
polymorphom of sexually different cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) nil lines.	isolations of polymorphic sequences of two pairs of the nil lines of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), which differ with respect to sex, were carried out using the subtraction hybridization methods of dsc (differential subtraction chain) and gddsc (genetically directed dsc). 266 dsc tags were isolated from the entire genome region, and 38 gddsc tags were isolated from the region containing the sex genes. based on the obtained results, the methods used may be considered highly effective. the attaine ...	2004	15647807
shelf life extension of minimally processed cabbage and cucumber through gamma irradiation.	the influence of irradiation of minimally processed cabbage and cucumber on microbial safety, texture, and sensory quality was investigated. minimally processed, polyethylene-packed, and irradiated cabbage and cucumber were stored at refrigeration temperature (5 degrees c) for 2 weeks. the firmness values ranged from 3.23 kg (control) to 2.82 kg (3.0-kgy irradiated samples) for cucumbers, with a gradual decrease in firmness with increasing radiation dose (0 to 3 kgy). cucumbers softened just aft ...	2005	15690810
phytoextraction of weathered p,p'-dde by zucchini (cucurbita pepo) and cucumber (cucumis sativus) under different cultivation conditions.	previous studies have shown that zucchini (cucurbita pepo) and cucumber (cucumis sativus) under field conditions are good and poor accumulators, respectively, of persistent organic pollutants from soil. here, each species was grown under three cultivation regimes: dense (five plants in 5 kg soil): nondense (one plant in 80 kg soil): and field conditions (two to three plants in approximately 789 kg soil). p,p'-dde and inorganic element content in roots, stems, leaves, and fruit were determined. i ...	2004	15696707
development of a simple algorithm for the detection of chilling injury in cucumbers from visible/near-infrared hyperspectral imaging.	hyperspectral images of cucumbers under a variety of conditions were acquired to explore the potential for the detection of chilling-induced damage in whole cucumbers. region of interest (roi) spectral features of chilling injured areas, resulting from chilling treatment at 0 degrees c, showed the reduction of reflectance intensity over the period at post-chilling room temperature (rt) storage. a large spectral difference between good, smooth skins and chilling-injured skins occurred in the 700- ...	2005	15720741
nectar production and transportation in the nectaries of the female cucumis sativus l. flower during anthesis.	in an effort to gain a greater understanding of nectar production, we studied the dynamic mechanisms of starch accumulation and transformation and nectar transportation in the cucumis sativus l. female flower. starch, which is the main precursor of nectar, accumulates in the epidermis and underlying parenchyma, with the most active accumulation occurring in the parenchyma cells within 3 days prior to anthesis. thereafter, the starch was successively hydrolyzed and the hydrolyte was transported f ...	2004	15726811
gating of aquaporins by low temperature in roots of chilling-sensitive cucumber and chilling-tolerant figleaf gourd.	effects of low temperature (8 degrees c) on the hydraulic conductivity of young roots of a chilling-sensitive (cucumber, cucumis sativus l.) and a chilling-resistant (figleaf gourd, cucurbita ficifolia bouche) crop have been measured at the levels of whole root systems (root hydraulic conductivity, lp(r)) and of individual cortical cells (cell hydraulic conductivity, lp). exposure of roots to low temperature (lrt) for up to 6 d caused a stronger suberization of the endodermis in cucumber compare ...	2005	15734792
reactions of some cucurbitaceous species tozucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv).	zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv) is a widespread serious pathogen of cucurbitaceous plants. zymv was first detected in hungary in 1995. since then it has become one of the most dangerous viruses of the cucurbitaceae family causing serious epidemics. the virus has many hosts, which - particularly perennial ones - may play important role as virus reservoirs and infection sources in virus epidemiology. on the other hand wild weed species maybe sources of resistance to viruses. our research was c ...	2004	15756830
assortment of the plants in the medieval diet in czech countries (based on archaeobotanical finds).	the finds of remains of useful plants in archaeological objects were drawing attention already in the last century. however, it was not until after the world war ii, in relation with renovation of historical cores of the towns, when a separate branch of the botany--archaeobotany constituted. in the czech republic it was e. opravil who was the first to become engaged in a systematic archaeobotanical research at the beginning of the 60's. all the vegetal remains--fruits and seeds on the first plac ...	2000	15828207
influence of nutrient amendments on the phytoextraction of weathered 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene by cucurbits.	field experiments were conducted to determine the impact of nutrient amendments on the phytoextraction of weathered 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p '-dde) by eight cultivars of cucurbits over a single growing season. four cultivars of cucurbita pepo ssp pepo are accumulators and extract percent level quantities of persistent organic pollutants (pops), whereas c. pepo ssp ovifera and cucumis sativus are nonaccumulators. the nonamended accumulators phytoextracted 1.0% of the p,p' ...	2005	15839575
holothurins b(2), b(3), and b(4), new triterpene glycosides from mediterranean sea cucumbers of the genus holothuria.	triterpene glycosides of three species of the mediterranean sea cucumbers holothuria polii, holothuria tubulosa, and holothuria sp. were studied. three new monosulfated biosides, holothurins b(2) (1), b(3) (2), and b(4) (3), along with the previously known holothurins a (4) and b (5) were isolated from the sea cucumber h. polii. triterpene glycosides belonging to holothurin a and b groups were found in h. tubulosa, while only one individual glycoside, holothurin a (4), was isolated from holothur ...	2005	15844949
two plasma membrane h(+)-atpase genes are differentially expressed in iron-deficient cucumber plants.	aim of the present work was to investigate the involvement of plasma membrane (pm) h(+)-atpase (e.c. 3.6.3.6) isoforms of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) in the response to fe deficiency. two pm h(+)-atpase cdnas (csha1 and csha2) were isolated from cucumber and their expression analysed as a function of fe nutritional status. semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr and quantitative real-time rt-pcr revealed in fe-deficient roots an enhanced accumulation of csha1 gene transcripts, which w ...	2005	15854837
construction of two bac libraries from cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and identification of clones linked to yield component quantitative trait loci.	two bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) libraries were constructed from an inbred line derived from a cultivar of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). intact nuclei were isolated and embedded in agarose plugs, and high-molecular-weight dna was subsequently partially digested with bamhi or ecori. ligation of double size-selected dna fragments with the pecbac1 vector yielded two libraries containing 23,040 bamhi and 18,432 ecori clones. the average bamhi and ecori insert sizes were estimated to be 107 ...	2005	15864523
transgenic cucumbers harboring the 54-kda putative gene of cucumber fruit mottle mosaic tobamovirus are highly resistant to viral infection and protect non-transgenic scions from soil infection.	cucumber fruit mottle mosaic tobamovirus (cfmmv) causes severe mosaic symptoms and yellow mottling on leaves and fruits and, occasionally, severe wilting of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) plants. no genetic source of resistance against this virus has been identified in cucumber. the gene coding for the putative 54-kda replicase gene of cfmmv was cloned into an agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector, and transformation was performed on cotyledon explants of a parthenocarpic cucumber cultivar. r1 ...	2005	15865051
exposure to pesticides and heavy work in greenhouses during pregnancy: does it effect birth weight?	work in greenhouses is performed in warm microclimate during the most time of the year, involves usually moderately intense or heavy work. the working conditions in greenhouses might involve also indirect exposure to pesticides resulting from contact with pesticide-treated flowers and vegetables. the aim of the study was to investigate whether the work in greenhouse during pregnancy adversely influenced infant birth weight and, if so, which of the two main potential hazards typical for such envi ...	2005	15883817
impact of twospotted spider mite (acari: tetranychidae) on growth and productivity of glasshouse cucumbers.	experiments were conducted to assess the damage of the glasshouse cucumber by twospotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch, and to investigate when the economic yield begins to decrease after t. urticae infestations. to assess the damage, dry matter partitioning in the cucumber plant was quantified and plant growth analyses were conducted at four different t. urticae infestation levels. t. urticae infestations decreased leaf productivity by reducing the total number of leaves per plant. appr ...	2005	15889738
a comparison of concentration ratios for technetium and nutrient uptake by three plant species.	technetium (tc) is a non-essential element for which accumulation mechanisms in plants have recently been discussed, but only from the viewpoint of existence of anion transport proteins in plant cells. in this study, using three kinds of plants (cucumis sativus l., raphanus sativus l., and brassica chinensis l.), uptake of tc and re (a chemical analogue of tc) were observed. the results showed that tc and re uptake occurred not only with water mass flow or active nutrient uptake, but also with u ...	2005	15893799
persistence of escherichia coli and salmonella in surface soil following application of liquid hog manure for production of pickling cucumbers.	liquid hog manure is routinely applied to farm land as a crop fertilizer. however, this practice raises food safety concerns, especially when manure is used on fruit and vegetable crops. the objectives of this project were to evaluate the persistence of escherichia coli and salmonella in surface soil after application of liquid hog manure to fields where pickling cucumbers were grown and to verify the microbiological quality of harvested cucumbers. mineral fertilizers were replaced by liquid hog ...	2005	15895719
plant parasitic and vector nematodes associated with asiatic and oriental hybrid lilies.	a survey for distribution and abundance of plant parasitic nematodes in fields grown to lilium in himachal pradesh, india at four study sites viz. nagrota (at 810 m a.s.l.), palampur (at 1270 m a.s.l.), sunder nagar (at 1400 m a.s.l.) and chail (at 2250 m a.s.l.) was carried out. moderate (101-500/200 ml soil) to high (501-1000/200 ml soil) populations of phytonematodes including the vectors for plant viruses (aphelenchoides avenae, criconemoides spp., hoplolaimus spp., longidorus spp., paratyle ...	2006	15896955
comparative photobiology of growth responses to two uv-b wavebands and uv-c in dim-red-light- and white-light-grown cucumber (cucumis sativus) seedlings: physiological evidence for photoreactivation.	we examined the influence of short-term exposures of different uv wavebands on the elongation and phototropic curvature of hypocotyls of cucumbers (cucumis sativus l.) grown in white light (wl) and dim red light (drl). we evaluated (1) whether different wavebands within the ultraviolet b (uv-b) region elicit different responses; (2) the hypocotyl elongation response elicited by ultraviolet c (uv-c); (3) whether irradiation with blue light-enriched white light (b/wl) given simultaneous with uv-b ...	2015	15960589
silicon-mediated alleviation of mn toxicity in cucumis sativus in relation to activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase.	the effects of exogenous silicon (si) on plant growth, activities of superoxide dismutase (sod), guaiacol peroxidase (gpx), ascorbate peroxidase (apx), dehydroascorbate reductase (dhar), glutathione reductase (gr) and catalase, and concentrations of ascorbate and glutathione were investigated in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) plants treated with excess manganese (mn) (600 microm). compared with the treatment of normal mn (10 microm), excess mn significantly increased h2o2 concentration and lipid ...	2005	15963540
mollisosides a, b1, and b2: minor triterpene glycosides from the new zealand and south australian sea cucumber australostichopus mollis.	three new monosulfated triterpene glycosides, mollisosides a (2), b(1) (3), and b(2) (4), have been isolated from the sea cucumber australostichopus mollis. their structures were determined by nmr and mass spectra. the presence of sulfated glycosides in sea cucumbers belonging to the family stichopodidae is uncommon.	2005	15974605
the modulating effect of the perisperm-endosperm envelope on aba-inhibition of seed germination in cucumber.	abscisic acid (aba) markedly reduced the germination of developing seeds at much lower concentrations (aba50=0.1 mm) compared with that of mature seeds (aba50=1.6 mm) in cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. green long). the perisperm-endosperm (pe) envelope in developing seeds showed partly differentiated lipid and callose layers, considerable aba biosynthetic activity in endosperm cells, and appreciable permeability to applied aba. the decrease in the sensitivity of seeds to applied aba was coincid ...	2005	15983012
arsenic speciation in xylem sap of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	flow injection analysis (fia) and high-performance liquid chromatography double-focusing sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (hplc-df-icp-ms) were used for total arsenic determination and arsenic speciation of xylem sap of cucumber plants (cucumis sativus l.) grown in hydroponics containing 2 micromol dm(-3) arsenate or arsenite, respectively. arsenite [as(iii)], arsenate [as(v)] and dimethylarsinic acid (dma) were identified in the sap of the plants. arsenite was the predo ...	2005	15983763
cpd photolyase gene from spinacia oleracea: repair of uv-damaged dna and expression in plant organs.	the uv-b radiation contained in solar radiation has deleterious effects on plant growth, development and physiology. specific damage to dna caused by uv radiation involves the cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers (cpd) and the pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts. cpds are repaired by cpd photolyase via a uv-a/blue light-dependent mechanism. the gene for the class ii cpd photolyase has been cloned from higher plants such as arabidopsis, cucumbers and rice. we isolated and characterized the cdna and ...	2005	15988133
molecular phylogeny of coral-reef sea cucumbers (holothuriidae: aspidochirotida) based on 16s mitochondrial ribosomal dna sequence.	members of the holothuriidae, found globally at low to middle latitudes, are often a dominant component of indo-west pacific coral reefs. we present the first phylogeny of the group, using 8 species from the 5 currently recognized genera and based on approximately 540 nucleotides from a polymerase chain reaction-amplified and conserved 3' section of 16s mitochondrial ribosomal dna. parsimony and likelihood analyses returned identical topologies, permitting several robust inferences to be drawn. ...	2006	15997365
[antiphytoviral activity of capsule substances of cryptococcus albidus yeast].	the yeast cryptococcus albidus isolated from the leaves of maize (strain 1003) and cucumbers (strain 1014) produce the capsule substances which can protect the tobacco and datura plants from tobacco mosaic virus. proteins, carbohydrates and ash elements have been isolated from culture liquids treated by supersound.	2005	16018209
particle surface characteristics may play an important role in phytotoxicity of alumina nanoparticles.	the phytotoxicity of alumina nanoparticles loaded with and without phenanthrene (phen) was investigated by means of root elongation (re) experiments in this study. five plant species, zea mays (corn), cucumis sativus (cucumber), glycine max (soybean), brassica oleracea (cabbage), and daucus carota (carrot) were used in our study of phytotoxicity by root elongation experiments. the surface characteristics of phen-loaded and phen-nonloaded nanoparticles were investigated using the fourier transfor ...	2005	16039401
occurrence and significance of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis in ready-to-eat food.	among 48,901 samples of ready-to-eat food products at the danish retail market, 0.5% had counts of bacillus cereus-like bacteria above 10(4) cfu g(-1). the high counts were most frequently found in starchy, cooked products, but also in fresh cucumbers and tomatoes. forty randomly selected strains had at least one gene or component involved in human diarrhoeal disease, while emetic toxin was related to only one b. cereus strain. a new observation was that 31 out of the 40 randomly selected b. cer ...	2005	16043311
cancer and its prevention by some horticultural and field crops in turkey.	diet is considered to play an important role in the etiology of carcinogenesis, and almost 30 % of cancer development is known to have a dietary background. many diets appear to contain groups of food components that can prevent, slow down, or even reverse carcinogenesis. in the present commentary, discussion is focused on the following crops: almonds, apricots, plums, peaches and nectarines, cherries, pears, figs, chestnuts, hazelnuts, pistachios, walnuts, grapes, strawberries, avocados, banana ...	2005	16101341
silicon uptake and transport is an active process in cucumis sativus.	cucumis sativus is a species known to accumulate high levels of silicon (si) in the tops, though the mechanism for its high si uptake is little understood. in a series of hydroponic experiments, we examined uptake and xylem loading of si in c. sativus along with vicia faba at three levels of si (0.085, 0.17 and 1.70 mm). measured si uptake in c. sativus was more than twice as high as calculated from the rate of transpiration assuming no discrimination between silicic acid and water in uptake. me ...	2005	16101916
[effects of cinnamic acid on physiological characteristics of cucumis sativus seedling].	with substrate culture, this paper studied the effects of different concentrations of cinnamic acid on the physiological characteristics of cucumis sativus seedling. the results showed that 25 micromol.l(-1) of cinnamic acid had an inhibition effect on carotenoids, but a promotion effect on chlorophyll a and b. 50 micromol.l(-1) of this compound could significantly inhibit the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and root activity (p < 0.05), and this effect was getting stronger when the conc ...	2005	16110671
diving behaviour and decompression sickness among galapagos underwater harvesters.	diving conditions, dive profiles, vascular bubbles, and symptoms of decompression sickness (dcs) in a group of galapagos commercial divers are described. they harvest sea cucumbers from small boats with surface supplied air (hookah). dive profiles for 12 divers were recorded using dive loggers, and bubble formation was measured in the pulmonary artery. dcs symptoms were assessed by interview. a total of 380 immersions were recorded over a nine day period. the divers did on average 6.3 immersions ...	2005	16119309
[identification of expanding-related genes from young fruit of cucumber after pollination].	differential expression of genes in young fruit of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) before/after pollination was investigated via cdna amplified fragment length polymorphism (cdna-aflp). there were 64 transcript-derived fragments (tdfs) displayed specially in young fruits after pollination of 6-72 h (table 1), five of which were verified to be mainly expressed in young fruits by reverse northern dot blotting (fig.2). sequence data showed one tdf was a new gene encoding expansin and was named as cs- ...	2005	16121012
a high-resolution karyotype of cucumber (cucumis sativus l. 'winter long') revealed by c-banding, pachytene analysis, and rapd-aided fluorescence in situ hybridization.	using molecular cytogenetic dna markers, c-banding, pachytene analysis, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish), a high-resolution karyotype was established in the cucumber. c-banding showed distinct hetero chromatic bands on the pericentromeric, telomeric, and intercalary regions of the chromosomes. the c-banding patterns were also consistent with the morphology of 4'-6-diamino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (dapi)-stained pachytene chromosomes. two repetitive dna fragments, csrp1 and csr ...	2005	16121249
isolation of a partial sequence of a putative nucleotide sugar epimerase, which may involve in stamen development in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	sex determination is the most widely studied subject in cucumber. the sex of cucumber plants can be monoecious, hermaphrodite, gynoecious, androecious, or andromonoecious. besides environmental factors, three major genes, f/f, m/m, and a/a mainly govern the sex types in cucumber. regardless of their sex all floral buds are bisexual at the early bud stage. a stage specific arrest of either stamen or carpel leads to unisexual flower development. the possible downstream product of the interaction o ...	2005	16133308
assessment of comparative toxicities of lead and copper using plant assay.	the acute toxicities of lead (pb) and copper (cu) to important crop plants sorghum bicolor, cucumis sativus, triticum aestivum, and zea mays were compared. the ec50 values (the concentration of metals in the soil that reduces the growth of shoots and roots by 50%) were derived using the trimmed spearman-karber method. the ec50s-shoot (root) in mg pb kg-1 dry soil and mg cu kg-1 dry soil were in the range of 519 to >1280 (285-445), and 48-232 (<40-110), respectively. those concentrations are like ...	2006	16153686
accumulation of organotin compounds in the deep-sea environment of nankai trough, japan.	the concentration of butyltin (bt) and phenyltin (pt) compounds was measured in sediment, gastropods (colliloconcha nankaiensis), sea cucumbers (psychropotes verrucosa), galatheid crabs (munidopsis albatrossae and munidopsis subsquamosa), and bivalves (clyptogena tsubasa and clyptogena nautilei) collected from the nankai trough (water depth about 3000 m). sediment at depths of up to 1 cm was taken by a core sampler and at depths of up to 15 cm was taken by rake. the concentration of bts in sedim ...	2005	16205985
model study on the effect of 15 phenolic olive mill wastewater constituents on seed germination and vibrio fischeri metabolism.	olive mill wastewaters (omw) can be a severe problem when disposed of as untreated because of their high organic load, elevated concentration of polyphenols, and moderately low biodegradability. in the present study, the acute toxicity of 15 compounds with low molecular weight (<350 da), catechol, four benzoic acids, three phenylacetic acids, three phenylethanols, and four cinnamic acids, already isolated from the reverse osmosis in the fractionation of omw, was assessed on the marine bacterium ...	2005	16218695
relationships between phenolic acid concentrations, transpiration, water utilization, leaf area expansion, and uptake of phenolic acids: nutrient culture studies.	phenolic acid treatments of cucumber seedlings (cucumis sativus cv "early green cluster") inhibited transpiration, water utilization, leaf area, and absolute and relative rates of leaf expansion. the cinnamic acids, ferulic and p-coumaric acids, were two to five times more inhibitory than the benzoic acids, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid. when phenolic acid concentrations were maintained at inhibitory concentrations through multiple successive treatments, percent inhibition of water uti ...	2005	16222815
senescence induced structural reorganization of thylakoid membranes in cucumis sativus cotyledons; lhc ii involvement in reorganization of thylakoid membranes.	we report the formation and appearance of loosely stacked extended grana like structures along with plastoglobuli in the chloroplasts isolated from 27-day old senescing cucumber cotyledons. the origin and the nature of these extended grana structures have not been elucidated earlier. we isolated photosystem i complexes from 6-day-old control and 27-day-old senescing cotyledons. the chlorophyll a/b ratio of the isolated photosystem i complex obtained from 6-day cotyledons was 5-5.5 as against a r ...	2001	16228338
qtl analysis of powdery mildew resistance in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	a population of f7 recombinant inbred lines (rils) was made from a cross between susceptible ('santou') and resistant (pi197088-1) lines of cucumber in order to study powdery mildew resistance loci. susceptibility to powdery mildew in the f7 ril individuals showed a continuous distribution from susceptible to resistant, suggesting that powdery mildew resistance is controlled by quantitative trait loci (qtls). a qtl analysis identified two and three loci for powdery mildew resistance under 26 and ...	2006	16240105
cucurbit phloem serpins are graft-transmissible and appear to be resistant to turnover in the sieve element-companion cell complex.	serpins are unique inhibitors of serine proteases that are located in various plant tissues and organs. an orthologue of the pumpkin (cucurbita maxima) phloem serpin cmps-1 was amplified from cucumber (cucumis sativus) rna by rt-pcr, cloned, and designated as csps-1 (genbank accession no. aj866989). alternative amino acid sequences in the reactive centre loop suggest distinct inhibitory specificity between cmps-1 and csps-1. a difference in the electrophoretic mobility of these serpins was used ...	2005	16246856
[relationships of aulacophora beetles feeding behavior with cucurbitacin types in host crops].	aulacophora fermoralis chinensis and aulacophora cattigarensis are the two related aulacophora beetles, but their host selectivity and feeding behavior are significantly different. a. fernzoralis chinensis usually feeds upon cucumis sativus and cucurbita moschata, but never upon luffa acutangula, momordica charantia and citrullas lanatus. its feeding behavior on hosts is to snip a circular trench on their leaves, and then, to feed the leaf tissues isolated by the trench. on the contrary, a. catt ...	2005	16252877
molecular characterisation of salmfamide neuropeptides in sea urchins.	the salmfamides are a family of neuropeptides found in species belonging to the phylum echinodermata. members of this family have been identified in starfish (class asteroidea) and in sea cucumbers (class holothuroidea) but not in other echinoderms. our aim here was to characterise salmfamide neuropeptides in sea urchins (class echinoidea). radioimmunoassays for the starfish salmfamides s1 and s2 were used to test for related peptides in whole-body acetone extracts of the sea urchin echinus escu ...	2005	16272250
listeria monocytogenes survival in refrigerator dill pickles.	listeria monocytogenes can survive and grow in refrigerated foods with ph values of approximately 4.0 to 5.0 and salt concentrations of 3 to 4%. home-fermented refrigerator dill pickles fit this description. contamination of this product with l. monocytogenes could cause serious problems because these items are not heated prior to consumption. l. monocytogenes survival and growth patterns were investigated in refrigerator dill pickles at 1.3, 3.8, and 7.6% salt concentrations. pickling cucumbers ...	2005	16300073
the cucurbit images (1515-1518) of the villa farnesina, rome.	the gorgeous frescoes organized by the master renaissance painter raphael sanzio (1483-1520) and illustrating the heavenly adventures of cupid and psyche were painted between 1515 and 1518 to decorate the roman villa (now known as the villa farnesina) of the wealthy sienese banker agostino chigi (1466-1520). surrounding these paintings are festoons of fruits, vegetables and flowers painted by giovanni martini da udine (1487-1564), which include over 170 species of plants. a deconstruction and co ...	2006	16314340
genotypic variation of rubisco expression, photosynthetic electron flow and antioxidant metabolism in the chloroplasts of chill-exposed cucumber plants.	genetic improvement of agronomic crops is necessary to cope with chilling stress. to identify the physiological factors responsible for this genotypic difference in chill-induced inhibition of photosynthesis, leaf co2 assimilation, the electron flux in the chloroplast and the antioxidant metabolism in isolated chloroplasts were examined in two genotypes of cucumber (cucumis sativus) plants with distinct chilling tolerance. cucumber plants were exposed to 100 micromol m(-2) s(-1) at 9/7 degrees c ...	2006	16326754
accumulation of gentisic acid as associated with systemic infections but not with the hypersensitive response in plant-pathogen interactions.	in the present work we have studied the accumulation of gentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, a metabolic derivative of salicylic acid, sa) in the plant-pathogen systems, cucumis sativus and gynura aurantiaca, infected with either prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) or the exocortis viroid (cevd), respectively. both pathogens produced systemic infections and accumulated large amounts of the intermediary signal molecule gentisic acid as ascertained by electrospray ionization mass spectrome ...	2006	16331468
accumulation of weathered polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) by plant and earthworm species.	experiments were conducted to assess the bioavailability of polyclycic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in soil from a manufactured gas plant site. three plant species were cultivated for four consecutive growing cycles (28 days each) in soil contaminated with 36.3 microg/g total pah. during the first growth period, cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo (zucchini) tissues contained significantly greater quantities of pahs than did cucumis sativus (cucumber) and cucurbita pepo ssp. ovifera (squash). during the fi ...	2006	16337258
molds in brined cucumbers: cause of softening during air-purging of fermentations.	softening of cucumbers in fermentations purged at high air-flow rates was caused by molds growing in the brined cucumbers, not in the brine. this conclusion is based on the following results: (i) no microorganisms were isolated in significant numbers from brines that caused softening of pasteurized brined cucumbers, (ii) no pectinolytic enzyme activities were produced in cucumber brines in the absence of cucumbers, (iii) the pickles in some air-purged fermentations became very soft without the a ...	1980	16345619
entrance and growth of lactic acid bacteria in gas-exchanged, brined cucumbers.	entrance of lactic acid bacteria into the interior of brined cucumbers was found to be greatly influenced by gas composition of the cucumbers before brining. exchange of the internal gas of fresh cucumbers with o(2) resulted in absorption of bacteria into the subsequently brined fruit within a few hours. bacteria were absorbed into nonexchanged cucumbers to a lesser extent. little bacterial absorption occurred in n(2)-exchanged cucumbers. stomata of the cucumber skin appeared to be a likely port ...	1981	16345903
characterization of bacteria that suppress rhizoctonia damping-off in bark compost media by analysis of fatty acid biomarkers.	examination of cucumber roots (cucumis sativus l.) grown in bark compost media and of the surrounding edaphic substrate showed profiles of polar lipid fatty acids commonly found in bacteria. the composition of fatty acids in these profiles differed significantly between roots grown in a medium naturally suppressive to rhizoctonia damping-off and roots from a conducive medium. cucumber roots from the suppressive medium had higher proportions of cis-vaccenic acid (18:1 omega 7c) and the iso-branch ...	1989	16347930
competitive growth of genetically marked malolactic-deficient lactobacillus plantarum in cucumber fermentations.	procedures were developed for the differential enumeration of an added strain of lactobacillus plantarum and indigenous lactic acid bacteria (lab) during the fermentation of brined cucumbers. the added strain was an n,n-nitrosoguanidine-generated mutant that lacked the ability to produce co(2) from malic acid (mdc). the mdc phenotype is desirable because co(2) production from malic acid decarboxylation has been shown to contribute to bloater formation in fermented cucumbers. a basal medium conta ...	1992	16348818
lipid alterations during the fermentation of dill pickles.	analyses of various lipid fractions of sections of cucumbers and of good and bloated dill pickles showed that marked changes occur in all lipid fractions during fermentation. the most striking difference noted was the decrease in the phospholipid fraction. a nearly fourfold increase in free fatty acid, as well as a marked increase in the neutral fat fatty acids and unsaponifiables, occurred. gas chromatographic analyses of the methyl esters of fatty acids from the various lipid fractions yielded ...	1964	16349650
pure culture fermentation of brined cucumbers.	the relative abilities of pediococcus cerevisiae, lactobacillus plantarum, l. brevis, and several other species of lactic acid bacteria to grow and produce acid in brined cucumbers were evaluated in pure culture fermentations. such fermentations were made possibly by the use of two techniques, gamma radiation (0.83 to 1.00 mrad) and hot-water blanching (66 to 80 c for 5 min), designed first to rid the cucumbers of naturally occurring, interfering, and competitive microbial groups prior to brinin ...	1964	16349651
pure culture fermentation of green olives.	the method previously developed by us for the pure-culture fermentation of brined cucumbers and other vegetables has been applied successfully to manzanillo variety olives. field-run grade fruit was processed first by conventional procedures to remove most of the bitterness. then the relative abilities of lactobacillus plantarum, l. brevis, pediococcus cerevisiae, and leuconostoc mesenteroides to become established and produce acid in both heat-shocked (74 c for 3 min) and unheated olives, brine ...	1966	16349674
spherical lactic acid-producing bacteria of southern-grown raw and processed vegetables.	the frequency and levels of population of the spherical lactic acid-producing bacteria were determined on raw and processed yellow summer and zucchini squash, a variety of greens, green beans, okra, southern peas, and butter and lima beans, and on fresh cucumbers and corn flowers. six taxa occurred consistently: leuconostoc mesenteroides, yellow-pigmented streptococci, streptococcus faecium, aerococcus viridans, and s. faecalis and s. faecalis var. liquefaciens. the same taxa occurred with the s ...	1967	16349739
bloater formation by gas-forming lactic acid bacteria in cucumber fermentations.	the formation of "bloaters" (hollow stock) in cucumbers brined for salt-stock purposes at 5 to 10% salt has been associated with gaseous fermentation caused chiefly by yeasts. recently, serious early bloater damage, not attributable to yeasts, has been observed in commercial-scale experiments on control of bloaters in overnight dill pickles brined in 50-gal barrels at 3.0 to 4.5% salt. growth of fermentative species of yeasts was effectively controlled by the addition of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1% so ...	1968	16349808
microbial inhibition by an isolate of pediococcus from cucumber brines.	we reported earlier that pediococcus cerevisiae fbb-61 inhibited lactobacillus plantarum fbb-67 in mixed species inoculation used for the fermentation of brined cucumbers. herein, 16 isolates of the pediococcus genus from various sources were tested for inhibitory activity against l. plantarum and other microorganisms by a seeded-agar screening technique. only two of the 16 isolates gave consistent and distinctive zones of inhibition, and both were isolated from fermenting cucumber brines on sep ...	1975	16350041
complete sequence and organization of the cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. baekmibaekdadagi) chloroplast genome.	the nucleotide sequence of the cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. baekmibaekdadagi) chloroplast genome was completed. the circular double-stranded dna, consisting of 155,527 bp, contained a pair of inverted repeat regions (ira and irb) of 25,187 bp each, which were separated by small and large single copy regions of 86,879 and 18,274 bp, respectively. the presence and relative positions of 113 genes (76 peptide-encoding genes, 30 trna genes, four rrna genes, and three conserved open reading frames ...	2006	16362300
flavone c-glycosides from leaves of oxalis triangularis.	the flavone c-glycosides luteolin 6-c-(2''-o-beta-xylopyranosyl-beta-glucopyranoside) (1), apigenin 6-c-(2''-o-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-glucopyranoside) (2), apigenin 6-c-(2''-o-beta-xylopyranosyl-beta-glucopyranoside) (3), apigenin 6-c-(2''-o-(6'''-(e)-caffeoylglucoside)-beta-glucopyranoside) (4), and apigenin 6-c-(2''-o-(6'''-(e)-p-coumaroylglucoside)-beta-glucopyranoside) (5) have been isolated from the purple leaves of oxalis triangularis. compound 4 is new, while 5 has previously been iso ...	2005	16366694
in vivo fragmentation of the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase by reactive oxygen species in an intact leaf of cucumber under chilling-light conditions.	previous studies have demonstrated that the large subunit (lsu) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) is site-specifically cleaved by a hydroxyl radical (oh) generated in the illuminated chloroplast lysates or by an artificial oh-generating system. however, it is not known whether such cleavage of the lsu by reactive oxygen species (ros) actually occurs in an intact leaf. when leaf discs of chilling-sensitive cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) were illuminated at 4 degrees c, five majo ...	2006	16373381
response of ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes and ascorbate regeneration system to abiotic stresses in cucumis sativus l.	ascorbate peroxidase (apx) isoenzymes, distributing in at least four distinct cell compartments, the chloroplastic stroma (sapx) and thylakoid membrane (tapx), microbody (mapx) and cytosol (capx), catalyze the reduction of h(2)o(2) to water by using ascorbic acid (asa) as specific electron donor. in order to better clarify the response of apx isoenzymes and asa regeneration enzymes to abiotic stresses, the activities of apx isoenzymes as well as monodehydroascorbate reductase (mdar), glutathione ...	2005	16386429
synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel 3-aminocarbonyl-2-oxazolidinethione derivatives containing a substituted pyridine ring.	a series of 3-aminocarbonyl-2-oxazolidinethione derivatives containing a substituted pyridine ring were designed and synthesized. the structures of all of the title compounds were characterized by 1h nmr, 13c nmr, ir, and hrms. their agricultural bioactivities were evaluated, and some of these compounds exhibited good herbicidal activities against echinochloa crusgalli, sorghum vulgare, digitaria sanguinalis, eclipta prostrasta, cucumis sativus, and brassica campestris, which were associated mai ...	2006	16390188
population development by phenotypic selection with subsequent marker-assisted selection for line extraction in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	cucumber (cucumis sativus l.; 2n = 2x = 14) has a narrow genetic base, and commercial yield of us processing cucumber has plateaued in the last 15 years. yield may be increased by altering plant architecture to produce unique early flowering (days to flower, dtf), female (gynoecious, gyn), highly branched (multiple lateral branching, mlb), long-fruited (length:diameter ratio, l:d) cultivars with diverse plant statures. the genetic map position of qtl conditioning these quantitatively inherited y ...	2006	16397790
simultaneous quantitative lc-esi-ms/ms analyses of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in crude extracts of cucumis sativus under biotic stress.	salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja) are plant hormones involved in basal resistance against plant pathogens and also in induced resistance. the aim of this study is to develop a fast and sensitive method to determine simultaneously the levels of both these hormones. the present paper proposes a method that includes hormone extraction with meoh-h(2)o-hoac (90:9:1, v/v), evaporation of the extracts, and injection into the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometr ...	2006	16403544
pure human urine is a good fertiliser for cucumbers.	human urine obtained from separating toilets was tested as a fertiliser for cultivation of outdoor cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) in a nordic climate. the urine used contained high amounts of nitrogen with some phosphorus and potassium, but numbers of enteric microorganisms were low even though urine had not been preserved before sampling. the cucumber yield after urine fertilisation was similar or slightly better than the yield obtained from control rows fertilised with commercial mineral fertil ...	2007	16413181
tissue-culture-responsive and autotetraploidy-responsive changes in metabolic profiles of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	somaclonal variation commonly occurs during in vitro plant regeneration and may introduce unintended changes in numerous plant characters. in order to assess the range of tissue-culture-responsive changes on the biochemical level, the metabolic profiles of diploid and tetraploid cucumber r1 plants regenerated from leaf-derived callus were determined. gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used for monitoring of 48 metabolites and many significant changes were found in metabolic profiles o ...	2006	16424604
[effects of exogenous silicon on active oxygen scavenging systems in chloroplasts of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings under salt stress].	with k(2)sio(4) (1.0 mmol/l) treatment, the effects of si on the distribution of na(+), k(+) to chloroplasts and antioxidant system of cucumber leaves under 50 mmol/l nacl stress were studied. the results showed that there was a selective transport of k(+) into the chloroplasts so that na(+) content of chloroplasts was lower under si treatment (table 1); h(2)o(2) and mda contents in chloroplasts were significantly decreased (fig.1), and the activities of sod, apx, gr and dhar were increased simu ...	2006	16477139
two-color mixing for classifying agricultural products for safety and quality.	we show that the chromaticness of the visual signal that results from the two-color mixing achieved through an optically enhanced binocular device is directly related to the band ratio of light intensity at the two selected wavebands. a technique that implements the band-ratio criterion in a visual device by using two-color mixing is presented here. the device will allow inspectors to identify targets visually in accordance with a two-wavelength band ratio. it is a method of inspection by human ...	2006	16485678
[characteristics of green mottle mosaic virus isolates in cucumbers from different regions of ukraine].	isolates of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (cgmmv) obtained from three greenhouses of ukraine were identified. the rabbit antisera have been obtained for these isolates. these antisera can be used for diagnostics of cgmmv in plant material by indirect elisa. an analysis of cdna sequences of capsid protein of these viruses confirmed that they might be grouped into the novel strain of cgmmv.	2005	16493891
radiation processing to ensure safety of minimally processed carrot (daucus carota) and cucumber (cucumis sativus): optimization of dose for the elimination of salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes.	minimally processed vegetables are in demand, because they offer convenience to consumers. however, these products are often unsafe because of possible contamination with pathogens, such as salmonella, escherichia coli o157:h7, and shigella species. therefore, this study was carried out to optimize the radiation dose necessary to ensure the safety of precut carrot and cucumber. decimal reduction doses (d-values) of salmonella typhimurium mtcc 98 were ca. 0.164 kgy in carrot samples and 0.178 kgy ...	2006	16496592
the alkaline transition of blue copper proteins, cucumis sativus plastocyanin and pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin.	autoreduction of cucumis sativus plastocyanin and pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin took place at alkaline phs, having been accompanied by the decrease in the intensities of the charge transfer band, cys-s- (pi)-->cu(ii) at 597 and 626 nm, and the cu(ii)-epr signals with small aii values of 6.5 x 10(-3) and 5.3 x 10(-3) cm(-1) for plastocyanin and azurin, respectively. further, an extra cu(ii)-epr signal with a large aii value of 21 x 10(-3) cm(-1) also reversibly emerged with increasing ph. plastoc ...	2006	16500649
[aryl sulfatase of unusual specificity from the liver of marine mollusk littorina kurila].	an aryl sulfatase of unusual specificity has been isolated from the liver of marine mollusk littorina kurila. it hydrolyzes p-nitrophenyl sulfate, does not affect the natural fucoidan, and catalyzes splitting off of the sulfate group in position c4 of xylose residues within the carbohydrate chains of holostane triterpene glycosides from sea cucumbers. the properties of the enzyme were studied at ph 5.4. the protein is homogeneous according to electrophoresis and has m 45 +/- 1 kda. the semiinact ...	2006	16523723
calcium and calcium-dependent protein kinases are involved in nitric oxide- and auxin-induced adventitious root formation in cucumber.	a few years ago it was demonstrated that nitric oxide (no) and cgmp are involved in the auxin response during adventitious root (ar) formation in cucumber (cucumis sativus). more recently, a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade was shown to be induced by iaa in a no-dependent, but cgmp-independent, pathway. in the present study, the involvement of ca2+ and the regulation of ca2+-dependent protein kinase (cdpk) activity during iaa- and no-induced ar formation was evaluated in cucumber explant ...	2006	16531462
contribution of mesenterial muscle dedifferentiation to intestine regeneration in the sea cucumber holothuria glaberrima.	holothurians (sea cucumbers) have been known from ancient times to have the capacity to regenerate their internal organs. in the species holothuria glaberrima, intestinal regeneration involves the formation of thickenings along the free mesentery edge; these thickenings will later give rise to the regenerated organ. we have previously documented that a remodeling of the extracellular matrix and changes in the muscle layer occur during the formation of the intestinal primordium. in order to analy ...	2006	16541286
a survey of nitrate and nitrite content of fruit and vegetables grown in slovenia during 1996-2002.	monitoring of nitrate (no(3)(-)) and nitrite (no(2)(-)) content in agricultural products in slovenia has been carried out since 1996. the results of monitoring over the period 1996-2002 are presented. during this time 924 samples of 14 different agricultural products (potato, lettuce, apples, carrot, silage maize, cabbage, grapes, peaches, string beans, cereals, pears, cucumbers, strawberries and tomato) were analysed. the samples were taken at the time of maturity directly from growing sites an ...	2006	16546884
mannose selection system used for cucumber transformation.	the selectable marker system, which utilizes the pmi gene encoding for phosphomannose-isomerase that converts mannose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate, was adapted for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). only transformed cells were capable of utilizing mannose as a carbon source. the highest transformation frequency of 23% was obtained with 10 g/l mannose and 10 g/l sucrose in the medium. molecular, genetic analysis, and pmi activity assay showed that the r ...	2006	16565859
ethylene: a natural regulator of sex expression of cucumis melo l.	sex expression in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and muskmelon (c. melo l.) was correlated with endogenous ethylene production. plants of gynoecious (all female) sex types of the two species produced more ethylene than monoecius (male-female) plants. c. melo plants of a gynoecious sex type that normally produce only pistillate (female) flowers, when grown with hypobaric ventilation to facilitate removal of endogenous gases by diffusion, produced perfect (hermaphroditic) flowers. when either the p ...	1972	16591971
molecular phylogeny of cucumis species as revealed by consensus chloroplast ssr marker length and sequence variation.	to investigate phylogenetic relationships in the genus cucumis, 9 consensus chloroplast simple sequence repeat (ccssr) primer pairs (ccssr3, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, 20, 21, and 23) were employed for dna fragment length variation and 5 amplified fragments, ccssr4, 12, 13, 19, and 20, were sequenced using total dna from 13 accessions representing 7 african cucumis species (x = 12), 3 cucumis melo l. (x = 12) accessions, 2 cucumis sativus l. (x = 7) accessions, and 1 cucumis hystrix chakr. (x = 12) acce ...	2006	16604104
inheritance of gynoecism in bitter gourd (momordica charantia l.).	the inheritance of sex expression in cucumber (cucumis sativus) and other cucurbits is well documented; however, the genetics of female sex (gynoecism) expression in bitter gourd (momordica charantia) has not been described. inheritance of gynoecism in bitter gourd was studied in a 100% gynoecious line (gy263b). the f(2) and testcross segregation data revealed that gynoecism in gy263b is under the control of a single, recessive gene. following the gene nomenclature of cucurbits, it is proposed t ...	2006	16614136
influence of citric acid amendments on the availability of weathered pcbs to plant and earthworm species.	a series of small and large pot trials were conducted to assess the phytoextraction potential of several plant species for weathered polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in soil (105 microg/g arochlor 1268). in addition, the effect of citric acid on pcb bioavailability to both plants and earthworms was assessed. under small pot conditions (one plant, 400 g soil), three cucurbits (cucurbita pepo ssp pepo [zucchini] and ssp ovifera [nonzucchini summer squash], cucumis sativus, cucumber) accumulated up ...	2006	16615308
cucumber carbohydrate metabolism and translocation under chilling night temperature.	a cold-tolerant line (ny-1) and a cold-sensitive cultivar (jinyan 4) of cucumber (cucumis sativus) were treated with temperatures of 28 degrees c/22 degrees c or 28 degrees c/12 degrees c (day/night) in a 10-h photoperiod. carbohydrates and related enzymes were assayed from 0 to 4 h after the start of the dark period. compared to the normal night temperature (22 degrees c, control), sucrose, stachyose and galactinol increased in mature leaves under cold-night treatment (12 degrees c) while sucro ...	2007	16616970
tensilin-like stiffening protein from holothuria leucospilota does not induce the stiffest state of catch connective tissue.	the dermis of sea cucumbers is a catch connective tissue or mutable connective tissue that exhibits large changes in mechanical properties. a stiffening protein, tensilin, has been isolated from the sea cucumber cucumaria frondosa. we purified a similar protein, h-tensilin, from holothuria leucospilota, which belongs to a different family to c. frondosa. h-tensilin appeared as a single band with an apparent molecular mass of 34 kda on sds-page. no sugar chain was detected. tryptic fragments of t ...	2006	16621940
comparative study on biological parameters of bemisia tabaci (genn.) collected on four host plants from varamin-iran.	during 2003 biological parameters of sweetpotato whitefly, b. tabaci (genn.) (horn. aleyrodidae) as a major pest of field crops, vegetables and ornamentals were studied. in this study, the infested leaves of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) zucchini (cucurbita pepo l.) eggplant (solanum melongena l.) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) with whitefly nymphs and pupae were collected from varamin-iran, and were transferred to the laboratory. the newly emerged males and females of each population were r ...	2005	16628901
phytochrome-mediated phototropism in de-etiolated seedlings : occurrence and ecological significance.	phototropic responses to broadband far red (fr) radiation were investigated in fully de-etiolated seedlings of a long-hypocotyl mutant (lh) of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), which is deficient in phytochrome-b, and its near isogenic wild type (wt). continuous unilateral fr light provided against a background of white light induced negative curvatures (i.e. bending away from the fr light source) in hypocotyls of wt seedlings. this response was fluence-rate dependent and was absent in the lh mutan ...	1992	16652942
photoinactivation of catalase occurs under both high- and low-temperature stress conditions and accompanies photoinhibition of photosystem ii.	severe photoinactivation of catalase (ec 1.11.1.6) and a decline of variable fluorescence (f(v)), indicating photoinhibition of photosynthesis, were observed as rapid and specific symptoms in leaves exposed to a high heat-shock temperature of 40 degrees c as well as in leaves exposed to low chilling temperatures in white light of only moderately high photosynthetic photon flux density of 520 mue m(-2) s(-1). other parameters, such as peroxidase (ec 1.11.1.7), glycolate oxidase (ec 1.1.3.1), glut ...	1992	16653157
determination of relative auxin content in hermaphrodite and andromonoecious cucumis sativus l.		1965	16656088
monovalent cations and growth regulation. i. growth responses in cucumber hypocotyl segments.	the elongation of etiolated cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) hypocotyl segments was stimulated by kcl and a number of other potassium salts at a concentration of 0.02 n k(+). the effect of kcl was not evident until 14 hours after the beginning of treatment.nacl, licl, and rbcl enhanced elongation of the segments, and their dosage-response curves were similar to that for kcl. at supraoptimal concentrations (>/= 0.05 m), licl inhibited segment growth. cscl was inhibitory at all concentrations tested ...	1966	16656244
isolation and identification of indole-3-ethanol (tryptophol) from cucumber seedlings.	crude ether extracts of green shoots of cucumis sativus l. promoted the elongation of cucumber hypocotyl segments. purification of the extract was accomplished by deae cellulose, silicic acid, and magnesium silicate chromatography followed by gel filtration and preparative thin layer chromatography. identification of the growth promoter as indole-3-ethanol was achieved by mass spectrometry, thin layer and gas chromatography, and ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy, as well as by physiological c ...	1967	16656532
kinetics of growth retardant and hormone interactions in affecting cucumber hypocotyl elongation.	the capacities of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and gibberellin a(3) (ga(3)) to counteract the inhibitory effects of (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (ccc), 2-isopropyl-4-dimethylamino-5-methylphenyl-1-piperidinecarboxylate methyl chloride (amo-1618), and n,n-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (b-995) on hypocotyl elongation in light-grown cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings were investigated. one mug of ga(3) applied to the shoot tip was sufficient to completely nullify the effect of 10 mu ...	1967	16656555
contents and recovery of gibberellins in monoecious and gynoecious cucumber plants.	diffusates from seedlings and root exudates from 6-week-old plants of a monoecious line of cucumber, cucumis sativus l., contained considerably higher levels of gibberellin-(ga-) like substances than did those from plants of an isogenic gynoecious line. most of the ga-like activity was found in a chromatogram region typical of ga(1) and ga(3); some activity, particularly in root exudates, appeared also at an r(f) similar to that of ga(4) and ga(7).when seedlings were treated with (3)h-labeled ga ...	1968	16656843
photochlorophyll biosynthesis in cucumber (cucumis sativus, l.) cotyledons.	the formation of protochlorophyllide and protochlorophyllide phytyl ester was investigated during etioplast biogenesis in order to study the biosynthetic relation of these two compounds. protochlorophyllide accumulates slowly during the first 2 days of germination, its rate of formation increases sharply during the 3rd day, and then it decreases. protochlorophyllide phytyl ester starts accumulating a day later; its formation coincides with the initiation of xanthophyll biosynthesis. kinetic anal ...	1970	16657422
polyacrylamide gel analysis of high molecular weight ribonucleic acid from etiolated and green cucumber cotyledons.	cucumis sativus l. seeds and 5-day-old dark-grown cotyledons contain 25 and 18 s cytoplasmic ribosomal rnas as main components. the major increase in nucleic acid content in both green and etiolated cotyledons occurs between days 5 and 7 of germination. this increase is characterized by an important synthesis of 23 and 16 s plastid (chloroplast and proplastid) ribosomal rnas. proplastid rna synthesis appears to continue for a longer period in the dark-grown cotyledons, despite a total rna conten ...	1970	16657426
sex expression in cucumber plants as affected by 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, ethylene, and growth regulators.	the effects of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethrel), ethylene, and some growth retardants on sex expression of cucumber plants (cucumis sativus l.) were investigated, with the use of a monoecious cultivar (improved long green) which has a strong tendency toward maleness.ethrel caused increased femaleness when applied at 50 milligrams per liter at the first to the third leaf stage, but when applied at the cotyledon stage it was ineffective. the later the time of application, the higher the node ...	1970	16657476
porphyrin biosynthesis in cell-free homogenates from higher plants.	the porphyrin and phorbin biosynthetic activity of etiolated cucumber (cucumis sativus, l.) cotyledons was compared to that of cotyledonary homogenates. etiolated cotyledons incubated with delta-aminolevulinic acid accumulate protoporphyrin, coproporphyrin, small amounts of mg protoporphyrin monoester, and trace amounts of uroporphyrin. they also incorporate 4-(14)c-delta-aminolevulinic acid into free porphyrins, protochlorophyllide, protochlorophyllide phytyl ester, and mg protoporphyrin monoes ...	1970	16657503
ribonucleic acid synthesis by cucumber chromatin: developmental and hormone-induced changes.	when intact etiolated 2-day cucumber (cucumis sativus) embryos were treated with indoleacetic acid (iaa), gibberellin a(7) (ga(7)), or kinetin, chromatin derived from the embryonic axes exhibited an increased capacity to support rna synthesis in either the presence or the absence of bacterial rna polymerase. an iaa effect on cucumber rna polymerase activity was evident after 4 hours of hormone treatment; the iaa effect on dna template activity (bacterial rna polymerase added) occurred after long ...	1970	16657509
effect of the hypocotyl hook on greening in etiolated cucumber cotyledons.	four-day-old etiolated cucumber cotyledons (cucumis sativus, l.) were excised and allowed to green in white fluorescent light at 28 c. cotyledons excised with a full hypocotyl hook exhibited a lag phase of 1 hour before entering the rapid greening phase, whereas cotyledons excised without any hypocotyl hook exhibited a lag phase of 6 hours. cotyledons excised with varying lengths of hypocotyl hook accumulated chlorophyll roughly in proportion to the hook length. when cotyledons were excised with ...	1970	16657533