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reorganisation of medical oncology departments during the novel coronavirus disease-19 pandemic: a nationwide italian survey.the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 pandemic is a global health problem, which started to affect china by the end of 2019. in europe, italy has faced this novel disease entity (named novel coronavirus disease [covid-19]) first and severely. covid-19 represents a significant hurdle for public health services and a potential harm for patients with cancer. the collegio italiano dei primari oncologi medici (cipomo) is an italian association of head physicians in oncology depart ...202032311643
sars-cov-2 infection: response of human immune system and possible implications for the rapid test and treatment.the new coronavirus outbreak is an ongoing pandemic that is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). the new coronavirus sars-cov-2 belongs to the subfamily of β-coronaviruses and shares 79.5% of the genetic sequence of sars-cov, the causative agent of the epidemic that started in 2002 and ended in 2004. considering the clinical impact of the new outbreak, it is highly important to study the potential responses of the human immune system during the sars-cov-2 infec ...202032311668
inactivation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in plasma and platelet products using a riboflavin and ultraviolet light-based photochemical treatment.severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), is a member of the coronavirus family. coronavirus infections in humans are typically associated with respiratory illnesses; however, viral rna has been isolated in serum from infected patients. coronaviruses have been identified as a potential low-risk threat to blood safety. the mirasol pathogen reduction technology (prt) system utilizes riboflavin and ultraviolet ...202032311760
airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 to healthcare workers: a narrative review.healthcare workers are at risk of infection during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 pandemic. international guidance suggests direct droplet transmission is likely and airborne transmission occurs only with aerosol-generating procedures. recommendations determining infection control measures to ensure healthcare worker safety follow these presumptions. three mechanisms have been described for the production of smaller sized respiratory particles ('aerosols') that, if inhaled, ...202032311771
imaging features and mechanisms of novel coronavirus pneumonia (covid-19): study protocol clinical trial (spirit compliant).a novel coronavirus, tentatively designated as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov), now called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, emerged in wuhan, china, at the end of 2019 and which continues to expand. on february 11, 2020, the world health organization (who) named the disease coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). on february 28, who increased our assessment of the risk of spread and the risk of impact of covid-19 to very high at a global level. the covid-19 poses significant thre ...202032312018
insights on otolaryngology residency training during the covid-19 pandemic.otolaryngology residency training programs are facing a novel challenge due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. the widespread impact and chronicity of this pandemic makes it unique from any crisis faced by our training programs to date. this international medical crisis has the potential to significantly alter the course of training for our current resident cohort. the decrease in clinical opportunities due to the limitations on elective surgical cases and office visits as well ...202032312158
[recommendations on the identification and transfer of children with critical diabetes during the covid-19 outbreak].coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is the most serious public health problem in china. children with diabetes are also among the population susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). traffic problems caused by epidemic prevention and control increase the difficulty in the management of children with severe diabetes. in order to control the spread of epidemic, children with mild diabetes are advised to be managed at home and in the community. however, how to tre ...202032312362
[clinical features of children with sars-cov-2 infection: an analysis of 115 cases].to study the clinical features of children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection.202032312363
[clinical features of children with sars-cov-2 infection: an analysis of 13 cases from changsha, china].to study the clinical features of children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection.202032312364
[research advances in cardiovascular system damage caused by sars-cov-2 in children].the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) started in december 2019 in china and the epidemic is still going on at present. since children are the susceptible population, the number of cases is gradually increasing. in addition to the typical respiratory symptoms, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection also has the clinical symptoms of cardiovascular system damage. based on a literature review, this article discusses the possible cardiovascular system dam ...202032312365
adapting to a pandemic - conducting oncology trials during the sars-cov-2 pandemic.the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic has necessitated changes in cancer care delivery as resources are reallocated. clinical trials and other research activities are inevitably impacted. start-up activities for new trials may be deferred and recruitment suspended. for patients already enrolled however, there are challenges in continuing treatment on trial. regulatory bodies have issued guidance on managing clinical trials during the pandemic, including contin ...202032312892
chest ct findings of early and progressive phase covid-19 infection from a us patient.the sars-cov-2 infection (covid-19), originally reported in wuhan, china, has rapidly proliferated throughout several continents and the first case in the united states was reported on january 19, 2020. according to the acr guidelines issued shortly after this disease was declared a pandemic, radiologists are expected to familiarize themselves with the ct appearance of covid-19 infection in order to be able to identify specific findings of this entity. this case report discusses the relevant ima ...202032313588
veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe pneumonia: covid-19 case in japan.veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vv-ecmo) is one of the ultimate treatments for acute respiratory failure. however, the effectiveness of ecmo in patients with novel coronavirus disease (covid-19) is unknown.202032313662
tracing new clinical manifestations in patients with covid-19 in chile and its potential relationship with the sars-cov-2 divergence.in this review, we discuss the current implications of the changing genomic epidemiology of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), etiological agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) and its potential relationship with the change of clinical manifestations in patients with confirmed infection.202032313804
covid-19 complicated by acute pulmonary embolism and right-sided heart failure.a patient with coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19) developed sudden shortness of breath and hypoxia. she received a diagnosis of massive pulmonary embolism complicated by right-sided heart failure, which was successfully managed conservatively. this case marks the first report of covid-19-induced pulmonary embolism in association with acute heart failure. (level of difficulty: beginner.).202032313884
covid-19 clinical trials: a primer for the cardiovascular and cardio-oncology communities.the coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19) pandemic has resulted in a proliferation of clinical trials designed to slow the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2). many therapeutic agents that are being used to treat patients with covid-19 are repurposed treatments for influenza, ebola, or for malaria that were developed decades ago and are unlikely to be familiar to the cardiovascular and cardio-oncology communities. here, we provide a foundation for cardiovascular ...202032313885
clinical manifestation and laboratory characteristics of sars-cov-2 infection in pregnant women.the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) epidemic has become a major challenge to public health in china and other countries, considering its pathogenicity across all age groups. pregnancy is a unique physiological condition, and is characterized by altered immunity and elevated hormone levels to actively tolerate the semi-allogeneic fetus, which undergoes a sudden and substantial fluctuation during the immediate postpartum period. changes in clinical features, laboratory ...202032314274
challenges of covid-19 pandemic for dermatology.severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is a new coronavirus responsible for the pandemic named coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). the disease causes sars with a significant morbidity and mortality. we provide a review with a focus on covid-19 in dermatology. we discuss triage of suspected infectious patients, protection of medical doctors and nurses. we discuss the available data on cutaneous symptoms, although disease-specific symptoms have yet not been observed. covid-1 ...202032314460
case report: the importance of novel coronavirus disease (covid-19) and coinfection with other respiratory pathogens in the current pandemic.the early shortage of novel coronavirus disease (covid-19) tests in the united states led many hospitals to first screen for common respiratory pathogens, and only if this screen was negative to proceed with covid-19 testing. we report a case of a 56-year-old woman with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) coinfection with group a streptococcus. the initial testing strategy resulted in delays in both diagnosis and implementation of appropriate precautions. underlined is t ...202032314699
epidemiological trends of covid-19 epidemic in italy over march 2020: from 1000 to 100 000 cases.the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic started in italy by the end of january 2020 and, after 1 month, it affected 1049 persons. based on the italian ministry of health data, we reconstructed the daily course of virus-positive cases and deaths over march 2020 for the whole of italy, 19 regions and 2 provinces. from 29 february to 31 march, there was a 100.9-fold increase in the cumulative number of cases and a 428.6-fold increase in the number of deaths in italy. when plotted on a semilogarithmic ...202032314804
central nervous system involvement by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2).neurologic sequelae can be devastating complications of respiratory viral infections. we report the presence of virus in neural and capillary endothelial cells in frontal lobe tissue obtained at postmortem examination from a patient infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2). our observations of virus in neural tissue, in conjunction with clinical correlates of worsening neurologic symptoms, pave the way to a closer understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms under ...202032314810
understanding evolution of sars-cov-2: a perspective from analysis of genetic diversity of rdrp gene.coronavirus disease 2019 emerged as the first example of "disease x", a hypothetical disease of humans caused by an unknown infectious agent that was named as novel coronavirus and subsequently designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). the origin of the outbreak at the animal market in wuhan, china implies it as a case of zoonotic spillover. the study was designed to understand evolution of betacoronaviruses and in particular diversification of sars-cov-2 using ...202032314811
responding to the covid-19 outbreak in singapore: staff protection and staff temperature and sickness surveillance systems.coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus (sars-cov-2) and first reported in wuhan, china, in december 2019. since the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) outbreak in 2003, tan tock seng hospital (ttsh) in singapore has routinely fit-tested staff for high-filtration n95 respirators and established web-based staff surveillance systems. the routine systems were enhanced in response to singapore's first imported covid-19 case on 23 janu ...202032315026
covid-19 in a high-risk dual heart and kidney transplant recipient.the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is rapidly infecting people worldwide, resulting in the infectious disease coronavirus disease 19 (covid-19) that has been declared a pandemic. much remains unknown about covid-19, including its effects on solid organ transplant (sot) recipients. given their immunosuppressed state, sot recipients are presumed to be at high risk of complications with viral infections such as sars-cov-2. limited case reports in single sot recipients, ...202032315122
possible bat origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.we showed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is probably a novel recombinant virus. its genome is closest to that of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronaviruses from horseshoe bats, and its receptor-binding domain is closest to that of pangolin viruses. its origin and direct ancestral viruses have not been identified.202032315281
estimation of coronavirus disease case-fatality risk in real time.we ran a simulation comparing 3 methods to calculate case-fatality risk for coronavirus disease using parameters described in previous studies. case-fatality risk calculated from these methods all are biased at the early stage of the epidemic. when comparing real-time case-fatality risk, the current trajectory of the epidemic should be considered.202032315282
current epidemiological and clinical features of covid-19; a global perspective from china.coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and represents a potentially fatal disease of great global public health importance. as of march 26, 2020, the outbreak of covid-19 has resulted in 462,801 confirmed cases and 20,839 deaths globally, which is more than those caused by sars and middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) in 2003 and 2013, respectively. the epidemic has posed considerable challenges worldwide. under a strict m ...202032315723
novel coronavirus: current understanding of clinical features, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment options.since december 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has resulted in devastating consequences worldwide and infected more than 350,000 individuals and killed more than 16,000 people. sars-cov-2 is the seventh member of the coronavirus family to affect humans. symptoms of covid-19 include fever (88%), cough (68%), vomiting (5%) and diarrhoea (3.7%), and transmission of sars-cov-2 is thought to occur from human to human via ...202032316618
[clinical characteristics and coping strategies of neoplasms with 2019 novel coronavirus infection].since mid-december 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has outbroken in wuhan, hubei province, china, and spread rapidly to other provinces in china and dozens of countries and regions around the world, becoming the public health emergency of international concern (public health emergency of international concern). sars-cov-2 can mainly transmit by droplets or close contact, and is generally susceptible in the crowd. tumor patients are at high risk of this pathogen ...202032316713
systematic rapid "living" review on rehabilitation needs due to covid-19: update to march 31st, 2020.the outbreak of covid-19 epidemics has challenged the provision of health care worldwide, highlighting the main flaws of some national health systems with respect to their capacity to cope with the needs of frail subjects. people experiencing disability due to covid-19 express specific rehabilitation needs that deserve a systematic evidence-based approach. the aim of this article is to provide the rehabilitation community with updates on the latest scientific literature on rehabilitation needs d ...202032316718
coronavirus disease 2019: reassembly attack of coronavirus.there have been three major global outbreaks of acute respiratory disease caused by coronavirus in the last two decades. the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) first emerged in wuhan, china, is the most dangerous, which spread to 163 countries and 6 continents and caused a major public health emergency worldwide. the outbreak is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) originated from bats, which spreads rapidly from human to human. as of 17 march 2020, the ...202032316751
cardiovascular complications in covid-19.the coronavirus disease of 2019 (covid-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). while systemic inflammation and pulmonary complications can result in significant morbidity and mortality, cardiovascular complications may also occur.202032317203
clinical features and multidisciplinary treatment outcome of covid-19 pneumonia: a report of three cases.the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has caused a pandemic threatening global public health. in the current paper, we describe our successful treatment of three covid-19 pneumonia patients cases including severe cases and cases with mortality risk factors. one 32-year-old male covid-19 patient was diagnosed with severe covid-19 pneumonia and moderate ards. the second covid-19 pneumonia patient had a history of diabet ...202032317205
the anti-viral facet of anti-rheumatic drugs: lessons from covid-19.the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection has posed the world at a pandemic risk. coronavirus-19 disease (covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by sars-cov-2, which causes pneumonia, requires intensive care unit hospitalization in about 10% of cases and can lead to a fatal outcome. several efforts are currently made to find a treatment for covid-19 patients. so far, several anti-viral and immunosuppressive or immunomodulating drugs have demons ...202032317220
viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with sars-cov-2 in zhejiang province, china, january-march 2020: retrospective cohort study.to evaluate viral loads at different stages of disease progression in patients infected with the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) during the first four months of the epidemic in zhejiang province, china.202032317267
perspectives for repurposing drugs for the coronavirus disease 2019.the newly emerged 2019 novel coronavirus (cov), named as severe acute respiratory syndrome cov-2 (sars-cov-2), like sars-cov (now, sars-cov-1) and middle east respiratory syndrome cov (mers-cov), has been associated with high infection rates with over 36,405 deaths. in the absence of approved marketed drugs against coronaviruses, the treatment and management of this novel cov disease (covid-19) worldwide is a challenge. drug repurposing that has emerged as an effective drug discovery approach fr ...202032317408
detection of coronaviruses in pteropus & rousettus species of bats from different states of india.bats are considered to be the natural reservoir for many viruses, of which some are potential human pathogens. in india, an association of pteropus medius bats with the nipah virus was reported in the past. it is suspected that the recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) also has its association with bats. to assess the presence of covs in bats, we performed identification and characterization of bat cov (btcov) in p. medius and rousettus species from repres ...202032317409
potential therapeutic effects of dipyridamole in the severely ill patients with covid-19.severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypercoagulability, hypertension, and multiorgan dysfunction. effective antivirals with safe clinical profile are urgently needed to improve the overall prognosis. in an analysis of a randomly collected cohort of 124 patients with covid-19, we found that hypercoagulability as indicated by elevated concentrations of d-dimers was associated with disease severity. by virtual screeni ...202032318327
epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 26 asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 carriers.we retrospectively analyzed 26 persistently asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) carriers.202032318703
multicenter initial guidance on use of antivirals for children with covid-19/sars-cov-2.although coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is mild in nearly all children, a small proportion of pediatric patients develops severe or critical illness. guidance is therefore needed regarding use of agents with potential activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in pediatrics.202032318706
therapeutic uncertainties in people with cardiometabolic diseases and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2 or covid-19).severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2 or covid-19) has been declared a pandemic by the world health organization and sent all countries scrambling to review emergency healthcare provisions. there is global evidence of each nation struggling to effectively manage the number of people being diagnosed with the virus. these are testing times which have not been experienced in recent generations and there are a number of insecurities regarding the management of people with covid ...202032319200
[covid-19: we knew everything but we didn't understand anything.]the covid-19 and its consequences could perhaps have been foreseen. above all, this pandemic force us to review what is essential and really necessary in term of priorities and regulatory process for clinical pharmacological research. it is evident, among other things, the difficulty to deal with therapeutic uncertainties.not proven specific therapies are available for the sars-cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the cause of covid-19), other than supportive care. however, se ...202032319433
transmission potential of asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections: a 3-family cluster study in china.data concerning the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic patients are lacking. we report a 3-family cluster of infections involving asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic transmission. eight of 15 (53%) members from 3 families were confirmed with sars-cov-2 infection. of 8 patients, 3 were asymptomatic and 1 was paucisymptomatic. an asymptomatic mother transmitted the virus to her son, and a paucisymptomatic father transmitt ...202032319519
unexpected findings of coronavirus disease (covid-19) at the lung bases on abdominopelvic ct.objective. the purpose of this study is to report unanticipated lung base findings on abdominal ct in 23 patients concerning for coronavirus disease (covid-19). in these patients, who were not previously suspected of having covid-19, abdominal pain was the most common indication for ct (n = 19), and 11 patients had no extrapulmonary findings. seventeen patients underwent polymerase chain reaction testing, which returned positive results for all 17. conclusion. unsuspected coronavirus disease may ...202032319792
presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with covid-19 in the new york city area.there is limited information describing the presenting characteristics and outcomes of us patients requiring hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19).202032320003
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection in children and adolescents: a systematic review.the current rapid worldwide spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection justifies the global effort to identify effective preventive strategies and optimal medical management. while data are available for adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), limited reports have analyzed pediatric patients infected with sars-cov-2.202032320004
evaluation of the auxiliary diagnostic value of antibody assays for the detection of novel coronavirus (sars-cov-2).the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) has taken on pandemic proportions, affecting over 100 countries in a matter of weeks. the goal of this study was to assess the diagnostic values of different methods of detecting and estimating the sars-cov-2 infection, and the auxiliary diagnostic potential of antibody assays. by retrospectively analyzing the data of viral rnas and serum immunoglobulin m-immunoglobulin g antibodies against sars-cov-2 from 38 cases with c ...202032320064
decontamination of face masks with steam for mask reuse in fighting the pandemic covid-19: experimental supports.the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus sars-cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has claimed many lives worldwide. wearing medical masks (mms) or n95 masks ([n95ms] namely n95 respirators) can slow the virus spread and reduce the infection risk. reuse of these masks can minimize waste, protect the environment, and help solve the current imminent shortage of masks. disinfection of used masks is needed for their reuse with safety, but improper deco ...202032320083
risks of ace inhibitor and arb usage in covid-19: evaluating the evidence.concerns have been raised regarding the safety of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (aceis) and angiotensin receptor blockers (arbs) in patients with coronavirus disease of 2019 (covid-19), based on the hypothesis that such medications may raise expression of ace2, the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). we conducted a literature review of studies (n = 12) in experimental animals and human subjects (n = 12) and evaluated the evidence regarding the im ...202032320478
scientific research progress of covid-19/sars-cov-2 in the first five months.a cluster of pneumonia (covid-19) cases have been found in wuhan china in late december, 2019, and subsequently, a novel coronavirus with a positive stranded rna was identified to be the aetiological virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, sars-cov-2), which has a phylogenetic similarity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov). sars-cov-2 transmits mainly through droplets and close contact and the elder or people with chronic diseases are high-risk population. ...202032320516
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission potential, iran, 2020.to determine the transmission potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in iran in 2020, we estimated the reproduction number as 4.4 (95% ci 3.9-4.9) by using a generalized growth model and 3.5 (95% ci 1.3-8.1) by using epidemic doubling time. the reproduction number decreased to 1.55 after social distancing interventions were implemented.202032320641
recent progress and challenges in drug development against covid-19 coronavirus (sars-cov-2) - an update on the status.coronaviruses are a large group of viruses known to cause illnesses that vary between the common cold and more severe diseases to include severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and middle east respiratory syndrome (mers). a novel coronavirus was identified in december 2019 in wuhan city, hubei province, china. this virus represents a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans. the virus is now known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and the r ...202032320825
déjà vu: stimulating open drug discovery for sars-cov-2.in the past decade we have seen two major ebola virus outbreaks in africa, the zika virus in brazil and the americas and the current pandemic of coronavirus disease (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). there is a strong sense of déjà vu because there are still no effective treatments. in the covid-19 pandemic, despite being a new virus, there are already drugs suggested as active in in vitro assays that are being repurposed in clinical trials. promi ...202032320852
the unsynchronized changes of ct image and nucleic acid detection in covid-19: reports the two cases from gansu, china.the novel coronavirus disease (covid-19) outbreak started in december 2019 in wuhan, china, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). the ct image is used to assess the disease progress, whereas the continued two times of negative results from sars-cov-2 nucleic acid detection had been considered as a criterion for ending antiviral treatment. we compared the two covid-19 cases with similar backgrounds and ct image repeated intervals under treatment. our report highl ...202032321530
covid-19: an immunopathological view.since its emergence in december 2019, it took only a couple of months for an outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) to be declared a pandemic by the world health organization (who). this along with the highly infectious nature of the disease and the associated mortality call for particular attention to the underlying (immuno)pathomechanism(s). the latter will inform case management and vaccine design. unravelling these mechanisms can assist basic scientists, laboratory medicin ...202032321823
structure-based design of antiviral drug candidates targeting the sars-cov-2 main protease.sars-cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is the etiological agent responsible for the global covid-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) outbreak. the main protease of sars-cov-2, mpro, is a key enzyme that plays a pivotal role in mediating viral replication and transcription. we designed and synthesized two lead compounds (11a and 11b) targeting mpro both exhibited excellent inhibitory activity and potent anti-sars-cov-2 infection activity. the x-ray crystal structures of sars-cov-2 ...202032321856
the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic.the present study provides an overview of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak which has rapidly extended globally within a short period. covid-19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus known as sars-cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2). sars-cov-2 is different from usual coronaviruses responsible for mild sickness such as common cold among human beings. it is crucial to understand the impact and outcome of this pandemic. we therefor ...202032321874
epidemiology, genome, and clinical features of the pandemic sars-cov-2: a recent view.since the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in wuhan, china, the number of globally confirmed cases according to world health organization statistics reached 292 124 in 189 countries by 22 march 2020. the number of deaths reached 12 784, with estimated case-fatality rates ranging from 0.5% to 5.7%. children population seems to be the least affected by the disease, while the highest rate of death is among the elderly and people with comorbidities. most ...202032322400
solid organ transplantation programs facing lack of empiric evidence in the covid-19 pandemic: a by-proxy society recommendation consensus approach.the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic has a drastic impact on national health care systems. given the overwhelming demand on facility capacity, the impact on all health care sectors has to be addressed. solid organ transplantation represents a field with a high demand on staff, intensive care units, and follow-up facilities. the great therapeutic value of organ transplantation has to be weighed against mandatory constraints of health care capacities. i ...202032323460
is low alveolar type ii cell sod3 in the lungs of elderly linked to the observed severity of covid-19?human lungs single-cell rna sequencing data from healthy donors (elderly and young; geo accession no. gse122960) were analyzed to isolate and specifically study gene expression in alveolar type ii cells. colocalization of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) and tmprss2 enables severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov 2) to enter the cells. expression levels of these genes in the alveolar type ii cells of elderly and young patients were comparable and, therefore, do not seem t ...202032323565
chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the prevention or treatment of covid-19 in africa: caution for inappropriate off-label use in healthcare settings.the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 pandemic has spread to africa, where nearly all countries have reported laboratory-confirmed cases of novel coronavirus disease (covid-19). although there are ongoing clinical trials of repurposed and investigational antiviral and immune-based therapies, there are as yet no scientifically proven, clinically effective pharmacological treatments for covid-19. among the repurposed drugs, the commonly used antimalarials chloroquine (cq) and h ...202032323646
rapid and sensitive detection of anti-sars-cov-2 igg, using lanthanide-doped nanoparticles-based lateral flow immunoassay.the outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (covid-19) has been a challenge for hospital laboratories because of the huge number of samples that must be tested for the presence of the causative pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). simple and rapid immunodiagnostic methods are urgently needed to identify positive cases. here we report the development of a rapid and sensitive lateral flow immunoassay (lfia) that uses lanthanide-doped polysterene nanoparticles (lnps) ...202032323974
population-based estimates of chronic conditions affecting risk for complications from coronavirus disease, united states.we estimated that 45.4% of us adults are at increased risk for complications from coronavirus disease because of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory disease, hypertension, or cancer. rates increased by age, from 19.8% for persons 18-29 years of age to 80.7% for persons >80 years of age, and varied by state, race/ethnicity, health insurance status, and employment.202032324118
covid-19 pneumonia in a kidney transplant recipient successfully treated with tocilizumab and hydroxychloroquine.coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pneumonia has been poorly reported in solid organ transplanted patients; prognosis is uncertain and best management unclear. we describe the case of a 61-year-old kidney transplant recipient with several comorbidities who was hospitalized and later received a diagnosis of covid-19 pneumonia; the infection was successfully managed with the use of hydroxychloroquine and a single administration of tocilizumab, after immunosuppression reduction; the patient did no ...202032324331
diagnostic consideration and bedside estimation of the prognosis in covid-19 patientsin december 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown origin occured in wuhan, china. the identified infective agent is a novel corona virus called “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” (sars-cov-2) and the respiratory disease caused by this agent aquired the name “coronavirus disease 2019” (covid-19). in march 2020, the world health organization (who) declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. we reviewed the international literature regarding the novel coronavirus outb ...202032324359
coronavirus disease outbreak in call center, south korea.we describe the epidemiology of a coronavirus disease (covid-19) outbreak in a call center in south korea. we obtained information on demographic characteristics by using standardized epidemiologic investigation forms. we performed descriptive analyses and reported the results as frequencies and proportions for categoric variables. of 1,143 persons who were tested for covid-19, a total of 97 (8.5%, 95% ci 7.0%-10.3%) had confirmed cases. of these, 94 were working in an 11th-floor call center wit ...202032324530
the practice of wearing surgical masks during the covid-19 pandemic. 202032324531
the laboratory tests and host immunity of covid-19 patients with different severity of illness.backgroundthe coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has caused a severe outbreak throughout the world. the host immunity of covid-19 patients is unknown.methodsthe routine laboratory tests and host immunity in covid-19 patients with different severity of illness were compared after patient admission.resultsa total of 65 sars-cov-2-positive patients were classified as having mild (n = 30), severe (n = 20), and extremely seve ...202032324595
does high cardiorespiratory fitness confer some protection against proinflammatory responses after infection by sars-cov-2?severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) originated in china in late 2019 and has since spread rapidly to every continent in the world. this pandemic continues to cause widespread personal suffering, along with severe pressure on medical and health care providers. the symptoms of sars-cov-2 and the subsequent prognosis are worsened in individuals who have preexisting comorbidities prior to infection by the virus. individuals with obesity or overweight, insulin resistance, and ...202032324968
covid-19 drug discovery using intensive approaches.since the infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) was reported in china during december 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has spread on a global scale, causing the world health organization (who) to issue a warning. while novel vaccines and drugs that target sars-cov-2 are under development, this review provides information on therapeutics which are under clinical trials or are proposed to antagonize sars-cov-2. based on the informati ...202032325767
visiting policies of hospice wards during the covid-19 pandemic: an environmental scan in taiwan.during an epidemic, almost all healthcare facilities restrict the visiting of patients to prevent disease transmission. for hospices with terminally ill patients, the trade-off between compassion and infection control becomes a difficult decision. this study aimed to survey the changes in visiting policy for all 76 hospice wards in taiwan during the covid-19 pandemic in march 2020. the altered visiting policies were assessed by the number of visitors per patient allowed at one time, the daily nu ...202032326274
pharmacological therapeutics targeting rna-dependent rna polymerase, proteinase and spike protein: from mechanistic studies to clinical trials for covid-19.an outbreak of novel coronavirus-related pneumonia covid-19, that was identified in december 2019, has expanded rapidly, with cases now confirmed in more than 211 countries or areas. this constant transmission of a novel coronavirus and its ability to spread from human to human have prompted scientists to develop new approaches for treatment of covid-19. a recent study has shown that remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the replication and infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome ...202032326602
ptsd as the second tsunami of the sars-cov-2 pandemic.since the first cases, the coronavirus disease (covid-19) rapidly spread around the world, with hundred-thousand cases and thousands of deaths. post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is a common consequence of major disasters. exceptional epidemic situations also promoted ptsd in the past. considering that humanity is undergoing the most severe pandemic since spanish influenza, the actual pandemic of covid-19 is very likely to promote ptsd. moreover, covid-19 was renamed severe acute respiratory ...202032326997
genetic roadmap for kidney involvement of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection. 202032327413
sars-cov-2 infection (coronavirus disease 2019) for the gastrointestinal consultant.the current pandemic due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has caused an extreme burden for health care systems globally, and the number of cases is expected to continue to increase, at least in the immediate future. the virus is estimated to have infected more than 1.5 million individuals. the available reports suggest that gastrointestinal (gi) involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is common and in some cases the gi symptoms may precede the respiratory symptom ...202032327904
anal swab findings in an infant with covid-19.the transmission pathways of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) remain not completely clear. in this case study the test for the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in pharyngeal swab and anal swab were compared.202032328338
vaccines for sars-cov-2: lessons from other coronavirus strains.the emergence of the strain of coronavirus sars-cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and its impact on global health have made imperative the development of effective and safe vaccines for this lethal strain. sars-cov-2 now adds to the list of coronavirus diseases that have threatened global health, along with the sars (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and mers (middle east respiratory syndrome) coronaviruses that emerged in 2002/2003 and 2012, respectively. as of april 2020 ...202032328406
cardiac tamponade secondary to covid-19.a 67-year-old woman presented with upper respiratory symptoms and was diagnosed with coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19). she was found to have a large hemorrhagic pericardial effusion with echocardiographic signs of tamponade and mild left ventricular impairment. clinical course was complicated by development of takotsubo cardiomyopathy. she was treated with pericardiocentesis, colchicine, corticosteroids, and hydroxychloroquine, with improvement in symptoms. (level of difficulty: intermediate. ...202032328588
self-reported olfactory loss associates with outpatient clinical course in covid-19.rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) virus has left many health systems around the world overwhelmed, forcing triaging of scarce medical resources. identifying indicators of hospital admission for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) patients early in the disease course could aid the efficient allocation of medical interventions. self-reported olfactory impairment has recently been recognized as a hallmark of covid-19 and may be an important predictor o ...202032329222
discovery of potential multi-target-directed ligands by targeting host-specific sars-cov-2 structurally conserved main protease.severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection has resulted in the current covid-19 pandemic. worldwide this disease has infected over 2.5 million individuals with a mortality rate ranging from 5 to 10%. there are several efforts going on in the drug discovery to control the sars-cov-2 viral infection. the main protease (mpro) plays a critical role in viral replication and maturation, thus can serve as the primary drug target. to understand the structural evolution of mpr ...202032329408
an alternative approach to minimize the risk of coronavirus (covid-19) and similar infections.severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is a new strain that was discovered in 2019 and has not been previously identified in humans. on december 31st 2019 world health organization (who) was informed of a cluster of cases with pneumonia of unknown origin from wuhan city, hubei province of china. the who announced in february 2020 that covid-19 is the official name of the coronavirus diseases. a total of 519,899 confirmed cases with 23,592 deaths linked to this pathogen as o ...202032329879
eculizumab treatment in patients with covid-19: preliminary results from real life asl napoli 2 nord experience.sars-cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)-related pneumonia, referred to as covid-19 (coronavirus disease 19), is a public health emergency as it carries high morbidity, mortality, and has no approved specific pharmacological treatments. in this case series, we aimed to report preliminary data obtained with anti-complement c5 therapy with eculizumab in covid-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit (icu) of asl napoli 2 nord.202032329881
presymptomatic sars-cov-2 infections and transmission in a skilled nursing facility.severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection can spread rapidly within skilled nursing facilities. after identification of a case of covid-19 in a skilled nursing facility, we assessed transmission and evaluated the adequacy of symptom-based screening to identify infections in residents.202032329971
a retrospective study of risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections in hospitalized adult patients.coronavirus disease 2019 (covid‑19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars‑cov‑2) infection spread worldwide.202032329978
rapid point-of-care antibody cassette tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: practical considerations. 202032329979
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection masquerading as possible pulmonary embolism. 202032329980
terra incognita: clinically suspected myocarditis in a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. 202032329981
asymptomatic sars-cov-2 infection in household contacts of a healthcare provider, wuhan, china.we found that all 5 asymptomatic household contacts of a wuhan, china, physician with coronavirus disease had severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detected by pcr. the index patient and 2 contacts also had abnormal chest computed tomography scans. asymptomatic infected household contacts of healthcare workers with coronavirus disease might be underrecognized.202032330112
effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial.there is no specific antiviral therapy recommended for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). in vitro studies indicate that the antiviral effect of chloroquine diphosphate (cq) requires a high concentration of the drug.202032330277
diagnostic accuracy of an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay for anti-sars-cov-2 igm and igg antibodies: an italian experience.a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has been spreading throughout the world. though molecular diagnostic tests are the gold standard for covid-19, serological testing is emerging as a potential surveillance tool, in addition to its complementary role in covid-19 diagnostics. indubitably quantitative serological testing provides greater advantages than qualitative tests but today there is still little known about ...202032330291
persistent viral rna positivity during the recovery period of a patient with sars-cov-2 infection.as an emerging infectious disease, the clinical course and virological course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection remain to be further investigated. in this case report, we described a case of sars-cov-2 infection with the clinical course for more than 2 months. this patient had recovered from pneumonia after treatment. the viral rna of throat swabs became negative and the viral-specific antibodies were produced during the recovery period. however, the viral ...202032330293
optimization of group size in pool testing strategy for sars-cov-2: a simple mathematical model.coronavirus disease (covid-19) has reached unprecedented pandemic levels and is affecting almost every country in the world. ramping up the testing capacity of a country supposes an essential public health response to this new outbreak. a pool testing strategy where multiple samples are tested in a single reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) kit could potentially increase a country's testing capacity. the aim of this study is to propose a simple mathematical model to estimate ...202032330297
characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease (covid-19) confirmed using an igm-igg antibody test.coronavirus disease (covid-19), caused by a novel betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has rapidly developed into a pandemic since it was first reported in december 2019. nucleic acid testing is the standard method for the diagnosis of viral infections. however, this method reportedly has a low positivity rate. to increase the sensitivity of covid-19 diagnoses, we developed an igm-igg combined assay and tested it in patients with suspected sars-cov-2 inf ...202032330303
sars-cov-2 can be detected in urine, blood, anal swabs, and oropharyngeal swabs specimens.the purpose of this study was to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) ribonucleic acid (rna) in urine and blood specimens, and anal and oropharyngeal swabs from patients with confirmed sars-cov-2 infection, and correlated positive results with clinical findings.202032330305
doubling time of the covid-19 epidemic by province, china.in china, the doubling time of the coronavirus disease epidemic by province increased during january 20-february 9, 2020. doubling time estimates ranged from 1.4 (95% ci 1.2-2.0) days for hunan province to 3.1 (95% ci 2.1-4.8) days for xinjiang province. the estimate for hubei province was 2.5 (95% ci 2.4-2.6) days.202032330410
connecting clusters of covid-19: an epidemiological and serological investigation.elucidation of the chain of disease transmission and identification of the source of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) infections are crucial for effective disease containment. we describe an epidemiological investigation that, with use of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) serological assays, established links between three clusters of covid-19.202032330439
clinical presentation and initial management critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection in brescia, italy.an ongoing pandemic of covid-19 that started in hubei, china has resulted in massive strain on the healthcare infrastructure in lombardy, italy. the management of these patients is still evolving.202032330817
helmet cpap to treat acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in patients with covid-19: a management strategy proposal.since the beginning of march 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has caused more than 13,000 deaths in europe, almost 54% of which has occurred in italy. the italian healthcare system is experiencing a stressful burden, especially in terms of intensive care assistance. in fact, the main clinical manifestation of covid-19 patients is represented by an acute hypoxic respiratory failure secondary to bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, that in many cases, results in an acute respirat ...202032331217
successful recovery of covid-19 pneumonia in a patient from colombia after receiving chloroquine and clarithromycin.covid-19 pandemics is a challenge for public health and infectious diseases clinicians, especially for the therapeutical approach that is not yet adequately defined. amid this situation, investigational agents are being used, including chloroquine. we report here the clinical features and therapeutic course of the first reported patient with confirmed covid-19 pneumonia that recovered in colombia, after the use of chloroquine and clarithromycin.202032331519
how covid-19 has changed the management of glomerular diseases. 202032332048
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