Publications

development of gluten-free bread using tartary buckwheat and chia flour rich in flavonoids and omega-3 fatty acids as ingredients.	in this study, chia seed flour, which is rich in omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid, and common and tartary buckwheat flour, which has a high antioxidant activity, were integrated into different types of bread with the aim of improving their nutritional value and healthy features. our results indicate that bread made with chia and tartary buckwheat flour was more acceptable in many nutritional aspects compared to the control (common wheat bread); it contained a higher amount of protein (20%), insolubl ...	2014	25038671
simultaneous editing of three homoeoalleles in hexaploid bread wheat confers heritable resistance to powdery mildew.	sequence-specific nucleases have been applied to engineer targeted modifications in polyploid genomes, but simultaneous modification of multiple homoeoalleles has not been reported. here we use transcription activator-like effector nuclease (talen) and clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (crispr)-cas9 (refs. 4,5) technologies in hexaploid bread wheat to introduce targeted mutations in the three homoeoalleles that encode mildew-resistance locus (mlo) proteins. genetic redu ...	2014	25038773
gluten quality of bread wheat is associated with activity of rabd gtpases.	in the developing endosperm of bread wheat (triticum aestivum), seed storage proteins are produced on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (er) and transported to protein bodies, specialized vacuoles for the storage of protein. the functionally important gluten proteins of wheat are transported by two distinct routes to the protein bodies where they are stored: vesicles that bud directly off the er and transport through the golgi. however, little is known about the processing of glutenin and gliadin ...	2015	25047236
a wheat aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase gene, taaco1, negatively regulates salinity stress in arabidopsis thaliana.	taaco1 could catalyze acc into ethylene in vitro. constitutive expression of taaco1 in arabidopsis conferred salt sensitivity, and taaco1 regulates salt stress mainly via the dreb1/cbf signal transduction pathway. ethylene signaling plays essential roles in mediating plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, besides regulating plant growth and development. the roles of ethylene biosynthesis in abiotic stress, however, remain elusive. in this study, an aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidas ...	2014	25048023
assessment of the zn-co mixtures rhizotoxicity under ca deficiency: using two conventional mixture models based on the cell membrane surface potential.	toxicity assessment of zn-co mixtures involves multiple ions interactions. the negative potential (ψ0) at the cell membrane surface (cms) concentrated cationic toxicants (denoted {m(2+)}0) and influenced the rhizotoxicity of co(2+) or zn(2+). the single and joint rhizotoxicity of co(2+) and zn(2+) to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were examined, coupled with different ca(2+) levels. joint effects of zn(2+), co(2+) and ca(2+) were estimated by the linearly extended concentration addition (ca) and r ...	2014	25048911
effects of maturity stages on the nutritive composition and silage quality of whole crop wheat.	the changes in yields and nutritive composition of whole crop wheat (triticum aestivum l.) during maturation and effects of maturity stage and lactic acid bacteria (lab) inoculants on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability were investigated under laboratory conditions. whole crop wheat harvested at three maturation stages: flowering stage, milk stage and dough stage. two strains of lab (lactobacillus plantarum: lab1, lactobacillus parafarraqinis: lab2) were inoculated for wheat ensiling ...	2012	25049492
tef-7a, a transcript elongation factor gene, influences yield-related traits in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	in this study, tatef-7a, a member of the transcript elongation factor gene family, and its ﬂanking sequences were isolated. tatef-7a was located on chromosome 7a and was ﬂanked by markers xwmc83 and xp3156.3. subcellular localization revealed that tatef-7a protein was localized in the nucleus. this gene was expressed in all organs, but the highest expression occurred in young spikes and developing seeds. overexpression of tatef-7a in arabidopsis thaliana produced pleiotropic effects on vegetativ ...	2014	25056774
unconditional and conditional qtl analysis of kernel weight related traits in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in multiple genetic backgrounds.	wheat thousand kernel weight (tkw) is a complex trait, and is largely controlled by several kernel traits, including kernel length (kl) and kernel width (kw). in order to reveal the genetic relationship between tkw and these kernel traits (kw and kl) as accurate as possible, we applied both unconditional and conditional mapping analyses to three distinct genetic populations, one dh population and two ril populations. this report describes the identifications of 36 unconditional and conditional a ...	2014	25060952
differential gene expression and metabolomic analyses of brachypodium distachyon infected by deoxynivalenol producing and non-producing strains of fusarium graminearum.	fusarium head blight (fhb) caused primarily by fusarium graminearum (fg) is one of the major diseases of small-grain cereals including bread wheat. this disease both reduces yields and causes quality losses due to the production of deoxynivalenol (don), the major type b trichothecene mycotoxin. don has been described as a virulence factor enabling efficient colonization of spikes by the fungus in wheat, but its precise role during the infection process is still elusive. brachypodium distachyon ( ...	2014	25063396
phosphoproteome analysis reveals new drought response and defense mechanisms of seedling leaves in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	drought is a major form of abiotic stress that significantly affects plant growth and development. in this study, we performed the first phosphoproteome analysis of seedling leaves from two bread wheat cultivars (hanxuan 10 and ningchun 47) subjected to drought stress. as a result, a total of 191 and 251 unique phosphopeptides, representing 173 and 227 phosphoproteins in two cultivars, respectively, were identified as being significant changes in phosphorylation level (scpl) under drought stress ...	2014	25065648
investigation of diversity in aegilops biuncialis and aegilops umbellulata by a-page.	aegilops species, wild relatives of wheat, are one of the important genetic resources in wheat breeding. in this study 13 populations of aegilops biuncialis along with 2 populations of progenitor species aegilops umbellulata were analysed in six replications using of acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the results showed that tn-01-293 population had a high gluten and grind quality because of high percentage of γ-45.31 and γ-43.5 (high gluten quality index) in the observed band. also, ahar ...	2014	25066882
wheat and barley dehydrins under cold, drought, and salinity - what can lea-ii proteins tell us about plant stress response?	dehydrins as a group of late embryogenesis abundant ii proteins represent important dehydration-inducible proteins whose accumulation is induced by developmental processes (embryo maturation) as well as by several abiotic stress factors (low temperatures, drought, salinity). in the review, an overview of studies aimed at investigation of dehydrin accumulation patterns at transcript and protein levels as well as their possible functions in common wheat (triticum aestivum), durum wheat (t. durum), ...	2014	25071816
association analysis of stem rust resistance in u.s. winter wheat.	stem rust has become a renewed threat to global wheat production after the emergence and spread of race ttksk (also known as ug99) and related races from africa. to elucidate u.s. winter wheat resistance genes to stem rust, association mapping was conducted using a panel of 137 lines from cooperative u.s. winter wheat nurseries from 2008 and simple sequence repeat (ssr) and sequence tagged site (sts) markers across the wheat genome. seedling infection types were evaluated in a greenhouse experim ...	2014	25072699
a modelling approach to evaluate the long-term effect of soil texture on spring wheat productivity under a rain-fed condition.	soil surface texture is an important environmental factor that influences crop productivity because of its direct effect on soil water and complex interactions with other environmental factors. using 30-year data, an agricultural system model (dssat-ceres-wheat) was calibrated and validated. after validation, the modelled yield and water use (wu) of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) from two soil textures (silt loam and clay) under rain-fed condition were analyzed. regression analysis showed t ...	2014	25074796
evolution of physiological responses to salt stress in hexaploid wheat.	hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l., genome bbaadd) is generally more salt tolerant than its tetraploid wheat progenitor (triticum turgidum l.). however, little is known about the physiological basis of this trait or about the relative contributions of allohexaploidization and subsequent evolutionary genetic changes on the trait development. here, we compared the salt tolerance of a synthetic allohexaploid wheat (neo-6x) with its tetraploid (t. turgidum; bbaa) and diploid (aegilops tausc ...	2014	25074914
allele frequencies in the vrn-a1, vrn-b1 and vrn-d1 vernalization response and ppd-b1 and ppd-d1 photoperiod sensitivity genes, and their effects on heading in a diverse set of wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.).	heading of cereals is determined by complex genetic and environmental factors in which genes responsible for vernalization and photoperiod sensitivity play a decisive role. our aim was to use diagnostic molecular markers to determine the main allele types in vrn-a1, vrn-b1, vrn-d1, ppd-b1 and ppd-d1 in a worldwide wheat collection of 683 genotypes and to investigate the effect of these alleles on heading in the field. the dominant vrn-a1, vrn-b1 and vrn-d1 alleles were present at a low frequency ...	0	25076837
characterization of powdery mildew resistance and linkage studies involving the pm3 locus on chromosome 1a of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	genetic characterization of a new powdery mildew resistance gene in a common wheat line atri3004/79 was conducted by employing a set of blumeria graminis tritici isolates collected from europe. monosomic analysis revealed that a major resistance gene is located on chromosome 1a. allelism tests of the f2 and f3 populations with other previously known genes on 1a showed that the resistance gene in atri3004/79 is closely linked to the pm3d resistance gene in the german cultivar syros, whereas it se ...	2015	25078057
dna methylation pattern of photoperiod-b1 is associated with photoperiod insensitivity in wheat (triticum aestivum).	as one of the three key components of the 'green revolution', photoperiod insensitivity is vital for improved adaptation of wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars to a wider geographical range. photoperiod-b1a (ppd-b1a) is one of the major genes that confers photoperiod insensitivity in 'green revolution' varieties, and has made a significant contribution to wheat yield improvement. in this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the photoperiod insensitivity of ppd-b1a alleles from an epi ...	2014	25078249
comparative functional analysis of two wheat na(+)/h (+) antiporter sos1 promoters in arabidopsis thaliana under various stress conditions.	the bread wheat tasos1 has been previously shown to be induced by salt stress treatment. to further investigate the regulation of the tasos1 gene, the two genomic fragments pr sos1-ab and pr sos1-d have been isolated and sequenced. pr sos1-ab and pr sos1-d are the promoter regions of sos1 alleles, which are localised on genomes a and/or b, and on genome d, respectively. sequence analysis of these two promoters revealed the presence of cis-regulatory elements which could be required for abiotic s ...	2015	25081835
identifying variation in resistance to the take-all fungus, gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, between different ancestral and modern wheat species.	ancestral wheat relatives are important sources of genetic diversity for the introduction of novel traits for the improvement of modern bread wheat. in this study the aim was to assess the susceptibility of 34 accessions of the diploid wheat triticum monococcum (a genome) to gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt), the causal agent of take-all disease. the second aim was to explore the susceptibility of tetraploid wheat (t. durum) and the b genome progenitor species aegilops speltoides to ggt ...	2014	25084989
phosphate depletion modulates auxin transport in triticum aestivum leading to altered root branching.	understanding the mechanisms by which nutritional signals impact upon root system architecture is a key facet in the drive for greater nutrient application efficiency in agricultural systems. cereal plants reduce their rate of lateral root emergence under inorganic phosphate (pi) shortage; this study uses molecular and pharmacological techniques to dissect this pi response in triticum aestivum. plants were grown in coarse sand washed in high- or low-pi nutrient solution before being assessed for ...	2014	25086590
dynamic development of starch granules and the regulation of starch biosynthesis in brachypodium distachyon: comparison with common wheat and aegilops peregrina.	thorough understanding of seed starch biosynthesis and accumulation mechanisms is of great importance for agriculture and crop improvement strategies. we conducted the first comprehensive study of the dynamic development of starch granules and the regulation of starch biosynthesis in brachypodium distachyon and compared the findings with those reported for common wheat (chinese spring, cs) and aegilops peregrina.	2014	25095703
characterization of ferredoxin-dependent glutamine-oxoglutarate amidotransferase (fd-gogat) genes and their relationship with grain protein content qtl in wheat.	in higher plants, inorganic nitrogen is assimilated via the glutamate synthase cycle or gs-gogat pathway. gogat enzyme occurs in two distinct forms that use nadh (nadh-gogat) or fd (fd-gogat) as electron carriers. the goal of the present study was to characterize wheat fd-gogat genes and to assess the linkage with grain protein content (gpc), an important quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes.	2014	25099972
mitochondrial energy-dissipating systems (alternative oxidase, uncoupling proteins, and external nadh dehydrogenase) are involved in development of frost-resistance of winter wheat seedlings.	gene expression, protein synthesis, and activities of alternative oxidase (aox), uncoupling proteins (ucp), adenine nucleotide translocator (ant), and non-coupled nad(p)h dehydrogenases (ndex, ndpex, and ndin) were studied in shoots of etiolated winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings after exposure to hardening low positive (2°c for 7 days) and freezing (-2°c for 2 days) temperatures. the cold hardening efficiently increased frost-resistance of the seedlings and decreased the generation o ...	2014	25100008
in silico analysis of dreb transcription factor genes and proteins in grasses.	plants are exposed to various environmental stresses, including drought, salinity, low temperature, etc. dehydration responsive element binding (dreb) genes, the members of ap2/erf transcription factor family, regulate the biological processes against cold and dehydration stresses. in this study, we analyzed a total of 19 dreb transcription factor genes and proteins from 14 grass species by using bioinformatic approaches, including their physiochemical properties, conserved motif structures, hom ...	2014	25104001
durum and bread wheat differ in their ability to retain potassium in leaf mesophyll: implications for salinity stress tolerance.	understanding the intrinsic mechanisms involved in the differential salinity tolerance between bread wheat and durum wheat is essential for breeding salt-tolerant varieties to cope with the global salinity issue threatening future food supply. in the past, higher salinity tolerance in bread wheat compared with durum wheat has been attributed to its better ability to exclude na(+) from uptake. here we show that another mechanism, namely more superior k(+) retention ability in the leaf mesophyll, ...	2014	25104542
a wheat lipid transfer protein 3 could enhance the basal thermotolerance and oxidative stress resistance of arabidopsis.	wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the major grain crops, and heat stress adversely affects wheat production in many regions of the world. previously, we found a heat-responsive gene named lipid transfer protein 3 (taltp3) in wheat. taltp3 was deduced to be regulated by cold, aba, meja, auxin and oxidative stress according to cis-acting motifs in its promoter sequences. in this study, we show that taltp3 is responsive to prolonged water deficit, salt or aba treatment in wheat seedlings. also ...	2014	25106859
arsenic contamination of the soil-wheat system irrigated with high arsenic groundwater in the hetao basin, inner mongolia, china.	as one of the most important crop in the world, wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was irrigated with low as water and high as water. however, little is known about as cycling in the soil-wheat-water system. two wheat fields (site g and site y), irrigated with high dissolved as (178 μg l(-1)) groundwater and low dissolved as (8.2 μg l(-1)) surface water, respectively, were systematically sampled in the hetao basin, including irrigation water, soils and plants. the annual as (including dissolved as and ...	2014	25108250
mapping resistance to the bird cherry-oat aphid and the greenbug in wheat using sequence-based genotyping.	identification of novel resistance qtl against wheat aphids. first qtl-resistance report for r. padi in wheat and chromosome 2dl for s. graminum . these sources have potential use in wheat breeding. the aphids rhopalosiphum padi and schizaphis graminum are important pests of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). characterization of the genetic bases of resistance sources is crucial to facilitate the development of resistant wheat cultivars to these insects. we examined 140 recombinant inbred line ...	2014	25112202
lr70, a new gene for leaf rust resistance mapped in common wheat accession ku3198.	ku3198 is a common wheat accession that carries one novel leaf rust resistance (lr) gene, lr70 , and another lr gene which is either novel, lr52 or an allele of lr52. leaf rust, caused by puccinia triticina eriks. (pt), is a broadly distributed and economically important disease of wheat. deploying cultivars carrying effective leaf rust resistance (lr) genes is a desirable method of disease control. ku3198 is a common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) accession from the kyoto collection that was high ...	2014	25112203
oxirapentyns a, b and e from the marine-derived strain of isaria felina kmm 4639 as stimulators of initial stages of development of agricultural plants.	oxirapentyn a (1), oxirapentyn b (2), and oxirapentyn e (3) were examined for their ability to stimulate growth of seedling roots of barley (hordeum vulgare l.), buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum moench), corn (zea mays l.), soy {glycine max (l.) merr.}, and wheat (triticum aestivum l.). it was shown that the stimulatory effects depend on the chemical structure of the oxirapentyns and on the plant species. compounds 1, and 2 are efficient for growth of seedling roots of barley, and wheat, whereas ...	2014	25115093
hypoglycaemic role of wheatgrass and its effect on carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in type ii diabetic rats.	diabetes mellitus (dm) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. insulin resistance and insulin insufficiency is the major factor for the prognosis of type ii diabetes. consistent high glucose level leads to multiple secondary complications in diabetic patients. hence, hypoglycaemic drugs are of significance for reducing the risk of secondary complications in type ii diabetes. various hypoglycaemic drugs are already available in the market, but they are associated with several ...	2016	25116122
characterisation and mapping of gene lr73 conferring seedling resistance to puccinia triticina in common wheat.	a gene conferring seedling resistance to puccinia triticina was mapped to chromosome 2bs in the wheat morocco. the gene was shown to be distinct and was therefore designated lr73. the wheat genotype morocco, widely susceptible to isolates of puccinia triticina, was resistant to an australian isolate of this pathogen collected in 2004. genetic studies established that the resistance in morocco was also present the australian wheat genotypes avocet, halberd, harrier, tincurrin and a selection of c ...	2014	25116148
a proteinaceous fraction of wheat bran may interfere in the attachment of enterotoxigenic e. coli k88 (f4+) to porcine epithelial cells.	wheat bran (wb) from triticum aestivum has many beneficial effects on human health. to the best of our knowledge, very little has been published about its ability to prevent pathogenic bacterial adhesion in the intestine. here, a wb extract was fractionated using different strategies, and the obtained fractions were tested in different in vitro methodologies to evaluate their interference in the attachment of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) k88 to intestinal porcine epithelial cells (ipe ...	2014	25119298
soil carbon and nitrogen fractions and crop yields affected by residue placement and crop types.	soil labile c and n fractions can change rapidly in response to management practices compared to non-labile fractions. high variability in soil properties in the field, however, results in nonresponse to management practices on these parameters. we evaluated the effects of residue placement (surface application [or simulated no-tillage] and incorporation into the soil [or simulated conventional tillage]) and crop types (spring wheat [triticum aestivum l.], pea [pisum sativum l.], and fallow) on ...	2014	25119381
expression analysis of a stress-related phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase c gene in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	plant phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases c (pi-plcs) function in several essential plant processes associated with either development or environmental stress. in this report, we examined the expression patterns of taplc1 under drought and high salinity stress at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. taplc1 mrna was expressed in all wheat organs examined. u73122 and edelfosine, the plc inhibitor, impaired seedling growth and enhanced seedling sensitivity to drought and high s ...	2014	25121594
ecohydrology of agroecosystems: quantitative approaches towards sustainable irrigation.	irrigation represents one of the main strategies to enhance and stabilize agricultural productivity, by mitigating the effects of rainfall vagaries. in the face of the projected growth in population and in biofuel demands, as well as shifts in climate and dietary habits, a more sustainable management of water resources in agroecosystems is needed. the field of ecohydrology, traditionally focusing on natural ecosystems, has the potential to offer the necessary quantitative tools to assess and com ...	2015	25124766
charge-based characterisation of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits from common wheat by capillary isoelectric focusing.	in this study, the capillary isoelectric focusing (cief) method for the separation and charge characterisation of the heterogeneity of high molecular-weight-glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using linear polyacrylamide (lpa) and polyvinyl alcohol (pva) coated capillaries was developed. particularly good repeatability and well-resolved charge isoform profiles were obtained by introducing a mixture of carrier ampholytes (ph 3-10 and ph 5-8), a high concentration of ...	2014	25127558
qtug.sau-3b is a major quantitative trait locus for wheat hexaploidization.	meiotic nonreduction resulting in unreduced gametes is thought to be the predominant mechanism underlying allopolyploid formation in plants. until now, however, its genetic base was largely unknown. the allohexaploid crop common wheat (triticum aestivum l.), which originated from hybrids of t. turgidum l. with aegilops tauschii cosson, provides a model to address this issue. our observations of meiosis in pollen mother cells from t. turgidum×ae. tauschii hybrids indicated that first division res ...	2014	25128436
assessment of candidate reference genes for the expression studies with brassinosteroids in lolium perenne and triticum aestivum.	quantitative pcr studies need proper reference genes with expression stability exclusively validated under certain experimental conditions. the expression stability of several genes commonly used as references was tested under 24-epibrassinolide (ebr) and temperature treatment. different statistical approaches (qbase(plus), bestkeeper, normfinder) were used to prepare rankings of expression stability in two species of an economic importance: common wheat (triticum aestivum) and perennial ryegras ...	2014	25128786
genetic variability in anthocyanin composition and nutritional properties of blue, purple, and red bread (triticum aestivum l.) and durum (triticum turgidum l. ssp. turgidum convar. durum) wheats.	renewed interest in breeding for high anthocyanins in wheat (triticum ssp.) is due to their antioxidant potential. a collection of different pigmented wheats was used to investigate the stability of anthocyanins over three crop years. the data show higher anthocyanins in blue-aleurone bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), followed by purple- and red-pericarp durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. ssp. turgidum convar. durum), using cyanidin 3-o-glucoside as standard. hplc of the anthocyanin components ...	2014	25130676
diverse expression pattern of wheat transcription factors against abiotic stresses in wheat species.	abiotic stress including drought and salinity affects quality and yield of wheat varieties used for the production of both bread and pasta flour. bzip, mbf1, wrky, myb and nac transcription factor (tf) genes are the largest transcriptional regulators which are involved in growth, development, physiological processes, and biotic/abiotic stress responses in plants. identification of expression profiling of these tfs plays a crucial role to understand the response of different wheat species against ...	2014	25130909
phylogeny in defining model plants for lignocellulosic ethanol production: a comparative study of brachypodium distachyon, wheat, maize, and miscanthus x giganteus leaf and stem biomass.	the production of ethanol from pretreated plant biomass during fermentation is a strategy to mitigate climate change by substituting fossil fuels. however, biomass conversion is mainly limited by the recalcitrant nature of the plant cell wall. to overcome recalcitrance, the optimization of the plant cell wall for subsequent processing is a promising approach. based on their phylogenetic proximity to existing and emerging energy crops, model plants have been proposed to study bioenergy-related ce ...	2014	25133818
utilization of deletion bins to anchor and order sequences along the wheat 7b chromosome.	a total of 3,671 sequence contigs and scaffolds were mapped to deletion bins on wheat chromosome 7b providing a foundation for developing high-resolution integrated physical map for this chromosome. bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has a large, complex and highly repetitive genome which is challenging to assemble into high quality pseudo-chromosomes. as part of the international effort to sequence the hexaploid bread wheat genome by the international wheat genome sequencing consortium (iwgsc) ...	2014	25134516
molecular mapping of genes yr64 and yr65 for stripe rust resistance in hexaploid derivatives of durum wheat accessions pi 331260 and pi 480016.	this manuscript reports two new genes ( yr64 and yr65 ) for effective resistance to stripe rust and usefulness of their flanking ssr markers for marker-assisted selection. stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide and resistance is the best control strategy. durum wheat accessions pi 331260 and pi 480016 were resistant to all tested pst races. to transfer the resistance genes to common wheat and map them to wheat ch ...	2014	25142874
metabolite profiling of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) phloem exudate.	biofortification of staple crops with essential micronutrients relies on the efficient, long distance transport of nutrients to the developing seed. the main route of this transport in common wheat (triticum aestivum) is via the phloem, but due to the reactive nature of some essential micronutrients (specifically fe and zn), they need to form ligands with metabolites for transport within the phloem. current methods available in collecting phloem exudate allows for small volumes (μl or nl) to be ...	2014	25143779
comparative phosphoproteome analysis of the developing grains in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under well-watered and water-deficit conditions.	wheat (triticum aestivum), one of the most important cereal crops, is often threatened by drought. in this study, water deficit significantly reduced the height of plants and yield of grains. to explore further the effect of drought stress on the development and yield of grains, we first performed a large scale phosphoproteome analysis of developing grains in wheat. a total of 590 unique phosphopeptides, representing 471 phosphoproteins, were identified under well-watered conditions. motif-x ana ...	2014	25145454
identification and characterization of more than 4 million intervarietal snps across the group 7 chromosomes of bread wheat.	despite being a major international crop, our understanding of the wheat genome is relatively poor due to its large size and complexity. to gain a greater understanding of wheat genome diversity, we have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms between 16 australian bread wheat varieties. whole-genome shotgun illumina paired read sequence data were mapped to the draft assemblies of chromosomes 7a, 7b and 7d to identify more than 4 million intervarietal snps. snp density varied between the thre ...	2015	25147022
predictions of heading date in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using qtl-based parameters of an ecophysiological model.	prediction of wheat phenology facilitates the selection of cultivars with specific adaptations to a particular environment. however, while qtl analysis for heading date can identify major genes controlling phenology, the results are limited to the environments and genotypes tested. moreover, while ecophysiological models allow accurate predictions in new environments, they may require substantial phenotypic data to parameterize each genotype. also, the model parameters are rarely related to all ...	2014	25148833
a novel protein elicitor (sscut) from sclerotinia sclerotiorum induces multiple defense responses in plants.	in this study, we report the cloning of the sscut gene encoding cutinase from sclerotinia sclerotiorum. we isolated a 609-bp cdna encoding a polypeptide of 202 amino acids with a molecular weight of 20.4 kda. heterologous expression of sscut in escherichia coli (his-sscut) caused the formation of lesions in tobacco that closely resembled hypersensitive response lesions. mutational analysis identified the c-terminal-half peptide and the same amino acids indispensable for both enzyme and elicitor ...	2014	25149470
lipids as markers of induced resistance in wheat: a biochemical and molecular approach.	our work aimed at a global investigation of the lipid metabolism during the induction of resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum) against powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici). more specifically, the effect of salicylic acid, known as playing a key role in the activation of defence reactions against pathogens in plants, has been investigated. after salicylic acid infiltration, accumulation of phosphatidic acid was observed that could be due to the phospholipase c pathway since an up-re ...	2013	25151821
comparative proteome analysis of a- and b-type starch granule-associated proteins in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and aegilops crassa.	starch is the main component in the wheat endosperm and exists in two forms including a- and b-type granules. a bread wheat line cb037a and an aegilops line aegilops crassa were studied for the underlying starch biosynthesis mechanism in relation to granule types. the wheat line contains both types of starch granules while the aegilops line only has the a-type. differential starch granule development patterns of these two species were observed at the morphological level. a total of 190 different ...	2015	25154053
the na(+) transporter, tahkt1;5-d, limits shoot na(+) accumulation in bread wheat.	bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has a major salt tolerance locus, kna1, responsible for the maintenance of a high cytosolic k(+) /na(+) ratio in the leaves of salt stressed plants. the kna1 locus encompasses a large dna fragment, the distal 14% of chromosome 4dl. limited recombination has been observed at this locus making it difficult to map genetically and identify the causal gene. here, we decipher the function of tahkt1;5-d, a candidate gene underlying the kna1 locus. transport studies us ...	2014	25158883
development of t. aestivum l.-h. californicum alien chromosome lines and assignment of homoeologous groups of hordeum californicum chromosomes.	hordeum californicum (2n = 2x = 14, hh) is resistant to several wheat diseases and tolerant to lower nitrogen. in this study, a molecular karyotype of h. californicum chromosomes in the triticum aestivum l. cv. chinese spring (cs)-h. californicum amphidiploid (2n = 6x = 56, aabbddhh) was established. by genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) using repetitive dna clones (pta71, pta794 and psc119.2) as probes, the h. californicum chromosomes co ...	2014	25160976
new wheat-rye 5ds-4rs·4rl and 4rs-5ds·5dl translocation lines with powdery mildew resistance.	powdery mildew is one of the serious diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2 n = 6 × = 42, genomes aabbdd). rye (secale cereale l., 2 n = 2 × = 14, genome rr) offers a rich reservoir of powdery mildew resistant genes for wheat breeding program. however, extensive use of these resistant genes may render them susceptible to new pathogen races because of co-evolution of host and pathogen. therefore, the continuous exploration of new powdery mildew resistant genes is important to wheat breeding p ...	2014	25163586
a new phenolic component from triticum aestivum sprouts and its effects on lps-stimulated production of nitric oxide and tnf-α in raw 264.7 cells.	an unusual new phenolic component, triticumoside (1), and eight known compounds, isoorientin (2), isoscoparin (3), (2r)-2-o-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4,7-dimethoxy-2h-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one (4), adenosine (5), β-sitosterol (6), daucosterol (7), 6′-o-linolenoyl daucosterol (8), α-tocopherol (9), were isolated fromtriticum aestivum sprouts. the hybrid structure of 1, which is a hybrid between a flavone and a polyoxygenated benzene, is rarely found in natural sources. in addition, the effects of thes ...	2014	25165783
fluoranthene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, inhibits light as well as dark reactions of photosynthesis in wheat (triticum aestivum).	the toxic effect of fluoranthene (flt) on seed germination, growth of seedling and photosynthesis processes of wheat (triticum aestivum) was investigated. wheat seeds were exposed to 5 µm and 25 µm flt concentrations for 25 days and it was observed that flt had inhibiting effect on rate of seed germination. the germination rate of wheat seeds decreased by 11% at 25 µm flt concentration. root/shoot growth and biomass production declined significantly even at low concentrations of flt. chlorophyll ...	2014	25173746
ozone pollution effects on gas exchange, growth and biomass yield of salinity-treated winter wheat cultivars.	a sand-culture experiment was conducted in four open-top-chambers to assess the effects of o3 on salinity-treated winter wheat. two winter wheat cultivars, salt-tolerant dekang961 and salt-sensitive lumai15, were grown under saline (100 mm nacl) and/or o3 (80±5 nmol mol(-1)) conditions for 35 days. significant (p<0.05) o3-induced decreases were noted for both cultivars in terms of gas exchange, relative water content, growth and biomass yield in the no-salinity treatment. significant (p<0.01) co ...	2014	25173858
discovery of novel leaf rust responsive micrornas in wheat and prediction of their target genes.	micrornas are endogenous small noncoding rnas which play critical roles in gene regulation. few wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mirna sequences are available in mirbase repertoire and knowledge of their biological functions related to biotic stress is limited. we identified 52 mirnas, belonging to 19 families, from next-generation transcriptome sequence data based on homology search. one wheat specific novel mirna was identified but could not be ascribed or assigned to any known mirna family. diffe ...	2014	25180085
[mapping a new secalin locus on the rye irs arm].	a gene designated sec-n encoding secalin was mapped in the introgressive winter common wheat line hostianum 273/97 (h273) with the wheat-rye substitution (1b)1r from the octoploid triticale ad825. f2 seeds from crossing the line h273 with the line hostianum 242/97-2 carrying the wheat-rye 1bl/1rs translocation were analysed. the studied component on the sds-electrophoregram of total proteins was revealed to be a monomeric secalin which is encoded by the gene at the new locus sec-n located distal ...	2015	25184199
tripartite interactions of barley yellow dwarf virus, sitobion avenae and wheat varieties.	the tripartite interactions in a pathosystem involving wheat (triticum aestivum l.), the barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv), and the bydv vector aphid sitobion avenae were studied under field conditions to determine the impact of these interactions on aphid populations, virus pathology and grain yield. wheat varietal resistance to bydv and aphids varied among the three wheat varieties studied over two consecutive years. the results demonstrated that (1) aphid peak number (apn) in the aphid + bydv ...	2014	25184214
genetic analysis of amino acid content in wheat grain.	complete diallel crosses with five parents of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were conducted to analyse inheritance of 17 amino acid contents by using the genetic model including seed, cytoplasmic, maternal and environment interaction effects on quantitative traits of seeds in cereal crops. the results showed that inheritance of 17 amino acid contents, except tyrosine, was controlled by several genetic systems including seed, cytoplasmic, and maternal effects, and by significant gene x envir ...	2014	25189240
phosphoproteomic profiling of wheat callus labelled in vivo.	callus is an important intermediate tissue for the propagation of plants through tissue culture, as it can form new shoots, and hence plants, through somatic embryogenesis, a process whose underlying biochemical mechanisms are poorly understood. the involvement of kinases suggests that signalling through phosphorylation cascades may play an important role. in this report methods for labelling wheat (triticum aestivum l.) callus phosphoproteins in vivo through the uptake of [(32)p]orthophosphate ...	2006	25193646
evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticle toxicity in sludge products applied to agricultural soil using multispecies soil systems.	to study the environmental impact of nanoparticles, the sludges of wastewater (wwts) and water treatment (wts) plants enriched with zno nanoparticles were added to agricultural soil, and the toxic effects of the nanoparticles were studied using a microcosm system based on the soil. the wwts treated soils were characterised by statistically significant decreases (p<0.05) in vicia sativa germination at the lowest (76.2%) and medium (95.2%) application rates, decreases in the fresh biomass for trit ...	2014	25194764
regulation of meiotic gene expression in plants.	with the recent advances in genomics and sequencing technologies, databases of transcriptomes representing many cellular processes have been assembled. meiotic transcriptomes in plants have been studied in arabidopsis thaliana, rice (oryza sativa), wheat (triticum aestivum), petunia (petunia hybrida), sunflower (helianthus annuus), and maize (zea mays). studies in all organisms, but particularly in plants, indicate that a very large number of genes are expressed during meiosis, though relatively ...	2014	25202317
source/sink interactions underpin crop yield: the case for trehalose 6-phosphate/snrk1 in improvement of wheat.	considerable interest has been evoked by the analysis of the regulatory pathway in carbohydrate metabolism and cell growth involving the non-reducing disaccharide trehalose (tre). tre is at small concentrations in mesophytes such as arabidopsis thaliana and triticum aestivum, excluding a role in osmoregulation once suggested for it. studies of tre metabolism, and genetic modification of it, have shown a very wide and more important role of the pathway in regulation of many processes in developme ...	2014	25202319
spatial distribution of stink bugs (hemiptera: pentatomidae) in wheat.	a two-year study was conducted in south carolina wheat (triticum aestivum l. (poales: poaceae)) fields to describe spatial and temporal dynamics of stink bugs (hemiptera: pentatomidae), which were sampled weekly with sweep nets. in 2010, the main phytophagous stink bugs caught in a grid sampling plan across two fields were the brown stink bug, euschistus servus (say), the rice stink bug, oebalus pugnax (f.), the southern green stink bug, nezara viridula (l.), and the red shouldered stink bug, th ...	2014	25205358
isolation and molecular characterization of erf1, an ethylene response factor gene from durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum), potentially involved in salt-stress responses.	as food crop, wheat is of prime importance for human society. nevertheless, our understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling wheat productivity conditions has been, so far, hampered by the lack of sufficient genomic resources. the present work describes the isolation and characterization of tderf1, an erf gene from durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum). the structural features of tderf1 supported the hypothesis that it is a novel member of the erf family in durum w ...	2014	25205575
improved tolerance to drought stress after anthesis due to priming before anthesis in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) var. vinjett.	drought stress occurring during the reproductive growth stage leads to considerable reductions in crop production and has become an important limiting factor for food security globally. in order to explore the possible role of drought priming (pre-exposure of the plants to mild drought stress) on the alleviation of a severe drought stress event later in development, wheat plants were subjected to single or double mild drought episodes (soil relative water content around 35-40%) before anthesis a ...	2014	25205581
using genic sequence capture in combination with a syntenic pseudo genome to map a deletion mutant in a wheat species.	mapping-by-sequencing analyses have largely required a complete reference sequence and employed whole genome re-sequencing. in species such as wheat, no finished genome reference sequence is available. additionally, because of its large genome size (17 gb), re-sequencing at sufficient depth of coverage is not practical. here, we extend the utility of mapping by sequencing, developing a bespoke pipeline and algorithm to map an early-flowering locus in einkorn wheat (triticum monococcum l.) that i ...	2014	25205592
dual effects of different selenium species on wheat.	wheat (triticum aestivum) and its derivative products account for a major source of dietary intake of selenium (se) in humans and animals, because of its essentiality due to its presence in vital enzymes. se antioxidant role has resulted in the popularity of agronomic biofortification practises in se deficient areas. controlling se uptake, metabolism, translocation and accumulation in plants will be important to decrease healthy risk of toxicity and deficiency and to help selecting adequate meth ...	2014	25208508
mapping qtls of yield-related traits using ril population derived from common wheat and tibetan semi-wild wheat.	qtls controlling yield-related traits were mapped using a population derived from common wheat and tibetan semi-wild wheat and they provided valuable information for using tibetan semi-wild wheat in future wheat molecular breeding. tibetan semi-wild wheat (triticum aestivum ssp tibetanum shao) is a kind of primitive hexaploid wheat and harbors several beneficial traits, such as tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. and as a wild relative of common wheat, heterosis of yield of the progeny bet ...	2014	25208643
introgression of leaf rust and stripe rust resistance from sharon goatgrass (aegilops sharonensis eig) into bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	leaf rust and stripe rust are devastating wheat diseases, causing significant yield losses in many regions of the world. the use of resistant varieties is the most efficient way to protect wheat crops from these diseases. sharon goatgrass (aegilops sharonensis or aes), which is a diploid wild relative of wheat, exhibits a high frequency of leaf and stripe rust resistance. we used the resistant aes accession th548 and induced homoeologous recombination by the ph1b allele to obtain resistant wheat ...	2014	25209724
seed maturation regulators are related to the control of seed dormancy in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	in arabidopsis, the regulation network of the seed maturation program controls the induction of seed dormancy. wheat est sequences showing homology with the master regulators of seed maturation, leafy cotyledon1 (lec1), lec2 and fusca3 (fus3), were searched from databases and designated respectively as tal1l (lec1-like), tal2l (lec2-like), and tafus3. tal1la, tal2la and tafus3 mainly expressed in seeds or embryos, with the expression limited to the early stages of seed development. results show ...	2014	25211528
heat damage of water biscuits from einkorn, durum and bread wheat flours.	to limit heat damage and improve the nutritional properties of bakery products, furosine, glucosylisomaltol, hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, sugars, α-amylase, β-amylase and colour were assessed during the production of water biscuits from three einkorn, three bread and one durum wheat flours. heat damage indices, colour and aw development during baking (from 25 to 75min duration) of water biscuits from one bread wheat were also studied. furosine was more abundant in durum (86.0±6.29mg/100g pro ...	2011	25212158
phenolic compounds and antioxidant ability responses to experimental free-air ozone exposure in two wheat cultivars.	effects of elevated ozone concentrations [o3] on two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars [yangmai16 (y16) and yannong19 (y19)] were investigated to determine the different metabolic mechanisms of phenolic compounds under o3-face (free-air controlled enrichment) condition. this study specifically investigated changes of phenolic compounds content, secondary metabolism related enzymes activities, lipid peroxidation extent and reactive oxygen species (ros) content in the leaves of two wheat cult ...	2014	25212458
circular code motifs in the ribosome decoding center.	a translation (framing) code based on the circular code was proposed in michel (2012) with the identification of x circular code motifs (x motifs shortly) in the bacterial rrna of thermus thermophilus, in particular in the ribosome decoding center. three classes of x motifs are now identified in the rrnas of bacteria escherichia coli and thermus thermophilus, archaea pyrococcus furiosus, nuclear eukaryotes saccharomyces cerevisiae, triticum aestivum and homo sapiens, and chloroplast spinacia ole ...	2014	25215650
cerium oxide nanoparticles impact yield and modify nutritional parameters in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the implications of engineered nanomaterials on crop productivity and food quality are not yet well understood. the impact of cerium oxide nanoparticles (nceo2) on growth and yield attributes and nutritional composition in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was examined. wheat was cultivated to grain production in soil amended with 0, 125, 250, and 500 mg of nceo2/kg (control, nceo2-l, nceo2-m, and nceo2-h, respectively). at harvest, grains and tissues were analyzed for mineral, fatty acid, and amino ...	2014	25220448
an exogenous source of nitric oxide modulates zinc nutritional status in wheat plants.	the effect of addition of the nitric oxide donor s-nitrosoglutathione (gsno) on the zn nutritional status was evaluated in hydroponically-cultured wheat plants (triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring). addition of gsno in zn-deprived plants did not modify biomass accumulation but accelerated leaf senescence in a mode concomitant with accelerated decrease of zn allocation to shoots. in well-supplied plants, zn concentration in both roots and shoots declined due to long term exposure to gsno. a furt ...	2014	25221922
effects of molybdenum on water utilization, antioxidative defense system and osmotic-adjustment ability in winter wheat (triticum aestivum) under drought stress.	molybdenum (mo), as an essential trace element in plants, plays an essential role in abiotic stress tolerance of plants. to obtain a better understanding of drought tolerance enhanced by mo, a hydroponic trial was conducted to investigate the effects of mo on water utilization, antioxidant enzymes, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and osmotic-adjustment products in the mo-efficient '97003' and mo-inefficient '97014' under peg simulated drought stress. our results indicate that mo application signific ...	2014	25221925
the cuticular wax inhibitor locus iw2 in wild diploid wheat aegilops tauschii: phenotypic survey, genetic analysis, and implications for the evolution of common wheat.	cuticular wax production on plant surfaces confers a glaucous appearance and plays important roles in plant stress tolerance. most common wheat cultivars, which are hexaploid, and most tetraploid wheat cultivars are glaucous; in contrast, a wild wheat progenitor, aegilops tauschii, can be glaucous or non-glaucous. a dominant non-glaucous allele, iw2, resides on the short arm of chromosome 2d, which was inherited from ae. tauschii through polyploidization. iw2 is one of the major causal genes rel ...	2014	25224598
temperature responses of mesophyll conductance differ greatly between species.	the temperature responses of mesophyll conductance (gm ) were investigated for nine species using carbon isotope techniques combining tunable diode laser spectroscopy and gas exchange measurements. species included the evergreen trees eucalyptus pauciflora and quercus engelmannii; the tropical evergreen tree lophostemon confertus; as well as the herbaceous species nicotiana tabacum, oryza sativa, triticum aestivum, gossypium hirsutum, glycine max and arabidopsis thaliana. responses varied from a ...	2015	25224884
a multi-step phosphorelay two-component system impacts on tolerance against dehydration stress in common wheat.	wheat is an important staple crop, and its productivity is severely constrained by drought stress (ds). an understanding of the molecular basis of drought tolerance is necessary for genetic improvement of wheat for tolerance to ds. the two-component system (tcs) serves as a common sensor-regulator coupling mechanism implicated in the regulation of diverse biological processes (including response to ds) not only in prokaryotes, but also in higher plants. in the latter, tcs generally consists of t ...	2014	25228409
full-genome identification and characterization of nbs-encoding disease resistance genes in wheat.	host resistance is the most economical, effective and ecologically sustainable method of controlling diseases in crop plants. in bread wheat, despite the high number of resistance loci that have been cataloged to date, only few have been cloned, underlying the need for genomics-guided investigations capable of providing a prompt and acute knowledge on the identity of effective resistance genes that can be used in breeding programs. proteins with a nucleotide-binding site (nbs) encoded by the maj ...	2015	25231182
characterizing uncertainty in high-density maps from multiparental populations.	multiparental populations are of considerable interest in high-density genetic mapping due to their increased levels of polymorphism and recombination relative to biparental populations. however, errors in map construction can have significant impact on qtl discovery in later stages of analysis, and few methods have been developed to quantify the uncertainty attached to the reported order of markers or intermarker distances. current methods are computationally intensive or limited to assessing u ...	2014	25236453
an eight-parent multiparent advanced generation inter-cross population for winter-sown wheat: creation, properties, and validation.	magic populations represent one of a new generation of crop genetic mapping resources combining high genetic recombination and diversity. we describe the creation and validation of an eight-parent magic population consisting of 1091 f7 lines of winter-sown wheat (triticum aestivum l.). analyses based on genotypes from a 90,000-single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) array find the population to be well-suited as a platform for fine-mapping quantitative trait loci (qtl) and gene isolation. patterns ...	2014	25237112
transcriptome characterization and differential expression analysis of cold-responsive genes in young spikes of common wheat.	with the frequent occurrence of climatic anomalies, spring frost has become a significant limiting factor on wheat production, especially during the reproductive growth stage. a high-throughput sequencing technology was applied and a total of 54 million clean reads that corresponded to 7.44 gb of total nucleotides were generated. these reads were then de novo assembled into 120,715 unigenes with an average length of 627 bp. functional annotations were then obtained by aligning all unigenes with ...	2014	25240441
chemical constituents of triticum aestivum and their effects on adipogenic differentiation of 3t3-l1 preadipocytes.	in this report, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of wheat sprouts and their component compounds. twenty compounds (1-20) were isolated from triticum aestivum. among them, glycolipids 1-5 were determined for the first time from t. aestivum and its sprouts. the hplc analysis demonstrated that compounds 1-3, 5, 8, 12, and 14 were major peak in the hplc chromatogram of the active fraction. the effects of the compounds on lipid accumulation were assessed at concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 1 ...	2015	25241774
influence of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes at glu-a3 locus on wheat sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume and solvent retention capacity value.	to understand the effect of low-molecular-weight (lmw) glutenin alleles at the glu-a3 locus on sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) sedimentation volume and solvent retention capacity (src) values, 244 accessions of chinese wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mini core collections were investigated. in this study the significant differences in wholemeal flour sds sedimentation volume and src values associated with specific glutenin alleles at the glu-a3 locus were explained.	2015	25242114
validation of a 1dl earliness per se (eps) flowering qtl in bread wheat (triticum aestivum).	vernalization, photoperiod and the relatively poorly defined earliness per se (eps) genes regulate flowering in plants. we report here the validation of a major eps quantitative trait locus (qtl) located on wheat 1dl using near isogenic lines (nils). we used four independent pairs of nils derived from a cross between spark and rialto winter wheat varieties, grown in both the field and controlled environments. nils carrying the spark allele, defined by qtl flanking markers xgdm111 and xbarc62, co ...	2014	25242885
a wheat 1-feh w3 variant underlies enzyme activity for stem wsc remobilization to grain under drought.	in wheat stems, the levels of fructan-dominated water-soluble carbohydrates (wsc) do not always correlate well with grain yield. field drought experiments were carried out to further explain this lack of correlation. wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties, westonia, kauz and c. 20 genetically diverse double haploid (dh) lines derived from them were investigated. substantial genotypic differences in fructan remobilization were found and the 1-feh w3 gene was shown to be the major contributor in the ...	2015	25250511
hybrid dwarfness in crosses between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rye (secale cereale l.): a new look at an old phenomenon.	the existence of hybrid dwarfs from intraspecific crosses in wheat (triticum aestivum) was described 100 years ago, and the genetics underlying hybrid dwarfness are well understood. in this study, we report a dwarf phenotype in interspecific hybrids between wheat and rye (secale cereale). we identified two rye lines that produce hybrid dwarfs with wheat and have none of the hitherto known hybrid dwarfing genes. genetic analyses revealed that both rye lines carry a single allelic gene responsible ...	2015	25251214
structural studies of arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides from abies sibirica l. biological activity of pectins of a. sibirica.	highly branched arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides, containing 84% of arabinose, was extracted from wood greenery of abies sibirica l. the structure of arabinan was studied by the 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy. the macromolecule backbone was represented mainly by rg-i (molar ratio gala:rha ∼ 1.3:1) patterns with high degree of rhamnose branching. side chains were comprised of 1,5-linked α-l-araf residues (the major part of polymer mass), 1,3,5-di-o- and 1,2,3,5-tri-o-linked α-l-araf residues, con ...	2014	25256514
proteomic analysis of the defense response of wheat to the powdery mildew fungus, blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici.	powdery mildew of wheat is caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt). although many wheat cultivars resistant to this disease have been developed, little is known about their resistance mechanisms. the aim of this study was to identify proteins showing changes in abundance during the resistance response of the wheat line n0308 infected by bgt. in two-dimensional electrophoresis analyses, 45 spots on the gels showed significant changes in abundance at 24, 48, and 72 h after inoculation, as ...	2014	25260248
phytotoxicity of 4,8-dihydroxy-1-tetralone isolated from carya cathayensis sarg. to various plant species.	the aqueous extract from carya cathayensis sarg. exocarp was centrifuged, filtered, and separated into 11 elution fractions by x-5 macroporous resin chromatography. a phenolic compound, 4,8-dihydroxy-1-tetralone (4,8-dht) was isolated from the fractions with the strongest phytotoxicity by bioassy-guided fractionation, and investigated for phytotoxicity on lettuce (latuca sativa l.), radish (raphanus sativus l.), cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), onion (allium cepa l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l ...	2014	25264832
fertility of cms wheat is restored by two rf loci located on a recombined acrocentric chromosome.	cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) results from incompatibility between nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes, and is characterized by the inability to produce viable pollen. the restoration of male fertility generally involves the introgression of nuclear genes, termed restorers of fertility (rf). cms has been widely used for hybrid seed production in many crops but not in wheat, partly owing to the complex genetics of fertility restoration. in this study, an acrocentric chromosome that restores pollen ...	2014	25271260
[effect of chitooligosaccharides with different degrees of acetylation on the activity of wheat pathogen-inducible anionic peroxidase].	the effect of chitooligosaccharides (choss) with a molecular weight of 5-10 kda and a degree of acetylation (da) of 65 and 13% at a concentration of 1.0 mg/l on the expression of the tc151917 gene, which encodes wheat anionic peroxidase, and the activity of "anionic" isoperoxidases in common wheat plants infected with septoria nodorum berk.--the causative agent of septoriosis. treatment with choss with a 65% da and infection promoted the transcription of the anionic peroxidase gene and increased ...	2014	25272758
molecular cloning, phylogenetic analysis, and expression profiling of endoplasmic reticulum molecular chaperone bip genes from bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone binding protein (bip) is an important functional protein, which is involved in protein synthesis, folding assembly, and secretion. in order to study the role of bip in the process of wheat seed development, we cloned three bip homologous cdna sequences in bread wheat (triticum aestivum), completed by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race), and examined the expression of wheat bip in wheat tissues, particularly the relationship between bip expression and the s ...	2014	25273817
a study of the protective effect of triticum aestivum l. in an experimental animal model of chronic fatigue syndrome.	oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs). keeping in view the proven antioxidant activity of triticum aestivum l., this study has been undertaken to explore the potential therapeutic benefit of this plant in the treatment of cfs.	2014	25276064
molecular mapping of adult plant resistance to parastagonospora nodorum leaf blotch in bread wheat lines 'shanghai-3/catbird' and 'naxos'.	the field resistance to parastagonospora nodorum leaf blotch in sha3/cbrd is based on many genes with minor effects. parastagonospora nodorum leaf blotch is a severe wheat disease in norway and other regions with humid and rainy climate. it causes grain shriveling and reduced yield in years of epidemics. shanghai-3/catbird (sha3/cbrd), a cimmyt breeding line, was observed to be resistant to p. nodorum leaf blotch in the field. the objective of the current study was to map the genetic factors rel ...	2014	25277822