Publications

chemical composition and biological activities of santiria trimera (burseraceae) essential oils from gabon.	water-distilled essential oils from leaves and bark of santiria trimera (oliv.) aubrév. (burseraceae) collected in gabon were analyzed using capillary gc-fid and gc-ms. the leaf essential oil, which is described for the first time, was dominated by sesquiterpenes (76.5%), among which alpha-humulene (34.6%) and beta-caryophyllene (14.9%) were the major components. the bark essential oil was almost exclusively monoterpenic, with alpha-pinene (51.5%) and alpha-terpineol (16.8%) as main constituents ...	2010	20614835
comparison of enterotoxin production and phenotypic characteristics between emetic and enterotoxic bacillus cereus.	bacillus cereus was divided into emetic toxin (cereulide)- and enterotoxin-producing strains, but emetic toxin-producing b. cereus is difficult to detect immunochemically. screening methods for emetic toxin-producing b. cereus are needed. the objectives of this study were to identify and detect emetic toxin-producing b. cereus among 160 b. cereus strains, and to compare enterotoxin production and phenotypic characteristics between the emetic toxin-producing and enterotoxin-producing strains. for ...	2010	20615333
aureocins 4185, bacteriocins produced by staphylococcus aureus 4185: potential application in food preservation.	in the present study, the bacteriocins produced by staphylococcus aureus 4185, a strain isolated from bovine mastitis, were purified and partially characterized. after purification by ammonium sulfate precipitation, cation-exchange chromatography, and five runs of high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc), antimicrobial activity was recovered with 40% and 80% isopropanol, suggesting that more than one antimicrobial peptide, named aureocins 4185, is produced by s. aureus 4185. mass spectromet ...	2010	20618078
prevalence and diversity of insertion sequences in the genome of bacillus thuringiensis ybt-1520 and comparison with other bacillus cereus group members.	members of the bacillus cereus group are closely related bacteria that exhibit highly divergent pathogenic properties. sequencing of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki strain ybt-1520 revealed an increased number of insertion sequences (iss) compared with those of the published b. cereus group genomes. although some of these iss have been observed and summarized in b. thuringiensis previously, a genomic characterization of their content is required to reveal their distribution and evolution. t ...	2010	20618853
purification and characterization of chitinase from a new species strain pseudomonas sp. tku008.	the chitinase producing strain tku008 was isolated from the soil in taiwan, and it was identified as a new species of pseudomonas. the culture condition suitable for production of chitinase was found to be shaken at 30 degrees c for 4 days in 100 ml of medium containing 1% shrimp and crab shell powder, 0.1 % k2hpo4 and 0.05% mgso4 . 7 h2o (ph 7). the tku008 chitinase was suppressed by the simultaneously existing protease, which also showed the maximum activity at the forth day of incubation. the ...	2010	20622499
glucosamine-functionalized silver glyconanoparticles: characterization and antibacterial activity.	we report the analytical and in vitro antibacterial activity of glucosamine-functionalized silver glyconanoparticles. morphological characterization ensured the surface topography and particle size distribution of both silver and glucosamine-silver nanoparticles. surface plasmon resonance of both types of nanoparticle was determined from uv-visible spectroscopy using four different sample concentrations (10-40 μl). the resulting functionalized glyconanoparticles show maximum absorbance with a re ...	2010	20623220
cytotoxicity of the bacillus cereus nhe enterotoxin requires specific binding order of its three exoprotein components.	this study focuses on the interaction of the three components of the bacillus cereus nhe enterotoxin with particular emphasis on the functional roles of nheb and nhec. the results demonstrated that both nheb and nhec were able to bind to vero cells directly while nhea lacked this ability. it was also shown that nhe-induced cytotoxicity required a specific binding order of the individual components whereby the presence of nhec in the priming step as well as the presence of nhea in the final incub ...	2010	20624910
synthesis and evaluation of novel phosphate ester analogs as neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitors.	a novel sphingomyelin inhibitor ry221b-a, which contains a bipyridyl moiety as a metal coordination site was designed based upon the mechanism of phosphate ester hydrolysis. ry221b-a was synthesized from n-boc-sphingosine in three steps via selective etherification using stannyl acetal. synthesized ry221b-a exhibited relatively-strong inhibitory activity against bc-smase (ic(50)=1.2microm).	2010	20627555
antioxidant and antibacterial activities on foodborne pathogens of artocarpus heterophyllus lam. (moraceae) leaves extracts.	total water extract, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions from the leaves of artocarpus heterophyllus were evaluated for phenolic content, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities against some foodborne pathogens such as e. coli, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enterica, bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, and staphylococcus aureus. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mics) of extract and fractions determined by the agar dilution method were ranged from 221.9 mi ...	2010	20629886
viability and surface properties of spores subjected to a cleaning-in-place procedure: consequences on their ability to contaminate surfaces of equipment.	this study was designed to evaluate how conditions encountered by spores during cleaning-in-place (cip) procedures affected their surface properties, their viability and ability to contaminate materials. spores from five bacillus cereus strains were treated with naoh at high temperature. results revealed that high temperatures (exceeding 60 degrees c) and naoh concentrations (over 0.5%) were required to significantly decrease spore viability (3-5log decrease). in these conditions, modifications ...	2010	20630318
specific and reversible immobilization of nadh oxidase on functionalized carbon nanotubes.	nanotechnology-inspired biocatalyst systems have attracted a lot of attention in enzyme immobilization recently. theoretically, nanomaterials are ideal supporting materials because they can provide the upper limits on enzyme-efficiency-determining factors such as surface area/volume ratio, enzyme loading capacity and mass transfer resistance. however, common immobilization methods have limited the applicability of these biocatalysts owing to enzyme leaching, 3d structure loss, and strong diffusi ...	2010	20630484
food contamination in fast food restaurants in benin city, edo state, nigeria: implications for food hygiene and safety.	to determine the prevalence of food contamination in the fast food restaurants operating in benin city, edo state, nigeria.	2010	20630547
the genome of a bacillus isolate causing anthrax in chimpanzees combines chromosomal properties of b. cereus with b. anthracis virulence plasmids.	anthrax is a fatal disease caused by strains of bacillus anthracis. members of this monophyletic species are non motile and are all characterized by the presence of four prophages and a nonsense mutation in the plcr regulator gene. here we report the complete genome sequence of a bacillus strain isolated from a chimpanzee that had died with clinical symptoms of anthrax. unlike classic b. anthracis, this strain was motile and lacked the four prohages and the nonsense mutation. four replicons were ...	2010	20634886
comparing nonsynergistic gamma models with interaction models to predict growth of emetic bacillus cereus when using combinations of ph and individual undissociated acids as growth-limiting factors.	a combination of multiple hurdles to limit microbial growth is frequently applied in foods to achieve an overall level of protection. quantification of hurdle technology aims at identifying synergistic or multiplicative effects and is still being developed. the gamma hypothesis states that inhibitory environmental factors aiming at limiting microbial growth rates combine in a multiplicative manner rather than synergistically. its validity was tested here with respect to the use of ph and various ...	2010	20639365
[microbiological contamination of environments and surfaces at commercial restaurants].	this study was carried out to provide subsidies for sanitary actions applied to manipulators, environments and surfaces, assessing levels of microbiological contamination in three commercial restaurants (a, b and c) in viçosa, minas gerais state. microbiological analysis were performed for presumptive counting of bacillus cereus and mesophilic aerobic bacteria on surfaces of stainless steel benches, equipments, utensils and hands of the manipulators (swab technique), and air (simple sedimentatio ...	2010	20640321
implication of sphingomyelin/ceramide molar ratio on the biological activity of sphingomyelinase.	sphingolipid signaling plays an important, yet not fully understood, role in diverse aspects of cellular life. sphingomyelinase is a major enzyme in these signaling pathways, catalyzing hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to ceramide and phosphocholine. to address the related membrane dynamical structural changes and their feedback to enzyme activity, we have studied the effect of enzymatically generated ceramide in situ on the properties of a well-defined lipid model system. we found a gel-phase format ...	2010	20643068
post-antibacterial effect of thymol.	the antibacterial activity of thymol has been well established and reported in the scientific literature. continued suppression of bacterial growth following limited exposure to antimicrobial compounds at different concentrations greater than or equal to the minimum inhibitory concentration level (mic) and at concentrations less than the mic can be used as an indicator of biological activity, and are respectively referred to as a post-antibacterial effect (pae) and a post-antibiotic sub-mic effe ...	2010	20645735
evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the methylene chloride extract of miconia ligustroides, isolated triterpene acids, and ursolic acid derivatives.	the methylene chloride extract of miconia ligustroides (dc.) naudin (melastomataceae), the isolated compounds ursolic and oleanolic acids and a mixture of these acids, and ursolic acid derivatives were evaluated against the following microorganisms: bacillus cereus (atcc 14579), vibrio cholerae (atcc 9458), salmonella choleraesuis (atcc 10708), klebsiella pneumoniae (atcc 10031), and streptococcus pneumoniae (atcc 6305). the microdilution method was used for determination of the minimum inhibito ...	2010	20645834
chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils from sedum pallidum var. bithynicum and s. spurium grown in turkey.	chemical compositions of the essential oil of sedum pallidum bieb. var. bithynicum (boiss.) and s. spurium bieb. (crassulaceae) from turkey were investigated by gc-ms, and antimicrobial activity of the oil samples were assessed against gram-positive/negative bacteria and yeast-like fungi. thirty-eight and thirty-five components were identified in the essential oils and the main components of these species were found to be caryophyllene oxide from s. pallidum var. bithynicum and hexahydrofarnesyl ...	2010	20645839
an antibiotic, heavy metal resistant and halotolerant bacillus cereus siu1 and its thermoalkaline protease.	many workers have reported halotolerant bacteria from saline conditions capable of protease production. however, antibiotic resistance and heavy metal tolerance pattern of such organisms is not documented very well. similarly, only a few researchers have reported the pattern of ph change of fermentation medium during the course of protease production. in this study, we have isolated a halotolerant bacillus cereus siu1 strain from a non-saline environment and studied its antibiotic and heavy meta ...	2010	20646325
bacillus cereus necrotizing fasciitis in a patient with end-stage liver disease.	bacillus cereus has been increasingly recognized as a virulent pathogen, particularly in immunocompromised patients.	2010	20649455
the t box regulatory element controlling expression of the class i lysyl-trna synthetase of bacillus cereus strain 14579 is functional and can be partially induced by reduced charging of asparaginyl-trnaasn.	lysyl-trna synthetase (lysrs) is unique within the aminoacyl-trna synthetase family in that both class i (lysrs1) and class ii (lysrs2) enzymes exist. lysrs1 enzymes are found in archaebacteria and some eubacteria while all other organisms have lysrs2 enzymes. all sequenced strains of bacillus cereus (except ah820) and bacillus thuringiensis however encode both a class i and a class ii lysrs. the lysk gene (encoding lysrs1) of b. cereus strain 14579 has an associated t box element, the first rep ...	2010	20649968
hypercat: an extension of the supercat database for global multi-scheme and multi-datatype phylogenetic analysis of the bacillus cereus group population.	the bacillus cereus group of bacteria includes species that are of significant medical and economic importance. we previously developed the supercat database, which integrates data from all five multilocus sequence typing (mlst) schemes available to infer the genetic relatedness within this group. since large numbers of isolates have been typed by other techniques, these should be incorporated in order to provide the most comprehensive and truly global view of the b. cereus group population. the ...	2010	20651034
humidity-dependent bacterial cells functional morphometry investigations using atomic force microscope.	the effect of a relative humidity (rh) in a range of 93-65% on morphological and elastic properties of bacillus cereus and escherichia coli cells was evaluated using atomic force microscopy. it is shown that gradual dehumidification of bacteria environment has no significant effect on cell dimensional features and considerably decreases them only at 65% rh. the increasing of the bacteria cell wall roughness and elasticity occurs at the same time. observed changes indicate that morphological prop ...	2010	20652040
spectral, thermal and in vitro antimicrobial studies of cyclohexylamine-n-dithiocarbamate transition metal complexes.	transition metal complexes of the type [m(l)(2)] and those containing monodentate phosphines of the type [m(l)(2)(pph(3))] {m=ni, co, cu and zn; l=cyclohexylamine-n-dithiocarbamate; pph(3)=triphenylphosphine} have been synthesized. the complexes were characterized using ir, uv-vis, nmr spectroscopy, and thermal analysis (tga). the (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr and (31)p nmr showed the expected signals for the dithiocarbamate and triphenylphosphine moieties. the spectral studies in all compounds revealed t ...	2010	20655805
the chemical constituents of endophytic fungus trichoderma sp. mff-1.	a fungal strain named mff-1 was isolated from the flower of pyrethrum cinerariifolium. based on the sequence at the internal transcribed spacer (its) region, this strain was identified as a trichoderma sp. two new compounds, including a mitorubrin derivative and its potential biogenetic precursor, together with a known compound, were isolated from the cultures of the endophytic fungus. their structures were established by spectroscopic methods and determined to be (3s,6r,7r*)-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexah ...	2010	20658667
anthrax spore detection by a luminex assay based on monoclonal antibodies that recognize anthrose-containing oligosaccharides.	the similarity of endospore surface antigens between bacteria of the bacillus cereus group complicates the development of selective antibody-based anthrax detection systems. the surface of b. anthracis endospores exposes a tetrasaccharide containing the monosaccharide anthrose. anti-tetrasaccharide monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and anti-anthrose-rhamnose disaccharide mabs were produced and tested for their fine specificities in a direct spore enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with inactiv ...	2010	20660139
ability of bacillus cereus group strains to cause food poisoning varies according to phylogenetic affiliation (groups i to vii) rather than species affiliation.	cytotoxic activity levels of culture filtrates and toxin distributions varied according to the phylogenetic group (i to vii) within the bacillus cereus group, suggesting that these groups are of different clinical significance and are more suitable than species affiliations for determining food poisoning risk. a first-line, simple online tool (https://www.tools.symprevius.org/bcereus/english.php) to assign strains to the different phylogenetic groups is presented.	2010	20660215
an evaluation of commercial dna extraction kits for the isolation of bacterial spore dna from soil.	to evaluate six commercial dna extraction kits for their ability to isolate pcr-quality dna from bacillus spores in various soil samples.	2010	20666869
evaluation of various pcr assays for the detection of emetic toxin producing bacillus cereus.	because conventional methods for detecting emetic-toxin-producing b. cereus are laborious and costly, various pcr assays, which are easy and cheap, have recently been reported. therefore, this study estimated and compared the ability of various pcr assays to detect emetic-toxin-producing b. cereus strains isolated in korea. the pcr assays were performed on 160 b. cereus strains, including 40 emetic-toxin-producing strains. although the species-specific pcr assays were all shown to be highly spec ...	2010	20668404
inactivation of food-borne spoilage and pathogenic micro-organisms on the surface of a photoactive polymer.	the photodynamic action of a novel photoactive polymer comprising covalently bound anthraquinone (aq) moieties was evaluated after developing a methodology to reliably immobilize viable micro-organisms onto polymer film surfaces. the survival of escherichia coli, bacillus cereus (vegetative cells and spores), fusarium oxysporum and saccharomyces cerevisiae microbes inoculated on the surface of inert polymeric substrates was assessed to determine the effect of inoculum composition, drying rate an ...	2010	20670362
[toxigenic bacillus cereus detection in lactic products with spices and dehydrated milk collected in costa rica].	bacillus cereus is a gram positive rod widely distributed in nature and associated to different types of food that, under some circumstances, may cause pathology to human beings. diarrheic and emetic strains have been described based on the type of toxins produced. in order to determine the risk to health represented by this bacteria, the toxigenic potential of strains isolated from cheese with spices, spread cheese with spices and dehydrated milk, all sold in san josé, costa rica, were determin ...	2009	20677455
evidence of adaptability in metal coordination geometry and active-site loop conformation among b1 metallo-beta-lactamases .	subclass b1 beta-lactamases are zn(ii)-dependent hydrolases that confer bacterial resistance to most clinically useful beta-lactam antibiotics. the enzyme bcii from bacillus cereus is a prototypical enzyme that belongs to this group, the first zn(ii)-dependent beta-lactamase to be discovered. crucial aspects of the bcii catalytic mechanism and metal binding mode have been assessed mostly on the co(ii)-substituted surrogate. here we report a high-resolution structure of co(ii)-bcii, revealing a m ...	2010	20677753
crystal structures of bacillus cereus nctu2 chitinase complexes with chitooligomers reveal novel substrate binding for catalysis: a chitinase without chitin binding and insertion domains.	chitinases hydrolyze chitin, an insoluble linear polymer of n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (nag)(n), into nutrient sources. bacillus cereus nctu2 chitinase (chinctu2) predominantly produces chitobioses and belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 18. the crystal structure of wild-type chinctu2 comprises only a catalytic domain, unlike other chitinases that are equipped with additional chitin binding and insertion domains to bind substrates into the active site. lacking chitin binding and chitin insertion d ...	2010	20685646
activation of the latent plcr regulon in bacillus anthracis.	many genes in bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis are under the control of the transcriptional regulator plcr and its regulatory peptide, papr. in bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, plcr is inactivated by truncation, and consequently genes having plcr binding sites are expressed at very low levels when compared with b. cereus. we found that activation of the plcr regulon in b. anthracis by expression of a plcr-papr fusion protein does not alter sporulation in strains cont ...	2010	20688829
on-line separation of bacterial cells by carbon-electrode dielectrophoresis.	dielectrophoresis (dep) represents a powerful approach to manipulate and study living cells. hitherto, several approaches have used 2-d dep chips. with the aim to increase sample volume, in this study we used a 3-d carbon-electrode dep chip to trap and release bacterial cells. a continuous flow was used to plug an escherichia coli cell suspension first, to retain cells by positive dep, and thereafter to recover them by washing with peptone water washing solution. this approach allows one not onl ...	2010	20690146
antibacterial & antiplasmid activities of helicteres isora l.	the multiple drug resistance (mdr) is a serious health problem and major challenge to the global drug discovery programmes. most of the genetic determinants that confer resistance to antibiotics are located on r-plasmids in bacteria. the present investigation was undertaken to investigate the ability of organic extract of the fruits of helicteres isora to cure r-plasmids from certain clinical isolates.	2010	20693597
restriction analysis and partial sequencing of the 16s rrna gene as index for rapid identification of bacillus species.	restriction fragment length analysis of pcr amplified 16s rdna with alui revealed the presence of a 265 bp fragment in all species of bacillus with the exception of b. cereus and b. thuringiensis, which contains two restriction sites within this fragment which results in three smaller fragments totalling to 265 bp. some distant species of bacillus with no evidence of this fragment could be delineated into other genera based on phenotypic and genotypic parameters. blast search for homologous sequ ...	2011	20694833
[study of peptide content of antibacterial fractions by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry].	the fractions containing antimicrobic peptides have been purified from a haemolymph of caterpillars galleria mellonella by chromatographic methods and studied by mass spectrometry.	2010	20695218
bacterial species associated with traditional starter cultures used for fermented bamboo shoot production in manipur state of india.	soidon is a non-salted acidic fermented food prepared from the succulent bamboo shoot tip of schizostachyum capitatum munro by using a traditional liquid starter called "soidon mahi" in manipur state of india. in this study, 163 bacterial isolates associated with this starter samples were identified and their population distribution was investigated by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis (ardra), 16s rdna sequencing and randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. this acidic sta ...	2010	20696489
lycopersicon esculentum seeds: an industrial byproduct as an antimicrobial agent.	lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) fruit is a widely studied matrix. however, only few works focus their attention on its seeds, which constitute a major byproduct of the tomato processing industry. in this study the antimicrobial potential of ten different tomato seed extracts from "bull's heart" and "cherry" varieties were analyzed against gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, micrococcus luteus, enterococcus faecalis and bacillus cereus) and gram-negative (proteus mi ...	2010	20707344
genetic interception and structural characterization of thiopeptide cyclization precursors from bacillus cereus.	the pyridine core of the thiocillins has long been postulated to arise from a late-stage tail-to-tail condensation of two dehydroalanines. genetic disruption of tclm, a proposed "diels-alderase", allowed isolation of acyclic precursors to this pyridine ring. the isolated products possess the full cohort of post-translational modifications that are normally displayed by the thiocillins, including dehydrobutyrines, thiazoles, c-terminal decarboxylation, and the two previously unconfirmed dehydroal ...	2010	20707374
differential involvement of the five rna helicases in adaptation of bacillus cereus atcc 14579 to low growth temperatures.	bacillus cereus atcc 14579 possesses five rna helicase-encoding genes overexpressed under cold growth conditions. out of the five corresponding mutants, only the δcsha, δcshb, and δcshc strains were cold sensitive. growth of the δcsha strain was also reduced at 30°c but not at 37°c. the cold phenotype was restored with the csha gene for the δcsha strain and partially for the δcshb strain but not for the δcshc strain, suggesting different functions at low temperature.	2010	20709848
hindering biofilm formation with zosteric acid.	the antifoulant, zosteric acid, was synthesized using a non-patented process. zosteric acid at 500 mg l(-1) caused a reduction of bacterial (escherichia coli, bacillus cereus) and fungal (aspergillus niger, penicillium citrinum) coverage by 90% and 57%, respectively. calculated models allowed its antifouling activity to be predicted at different concentrations. zosteric acid counteracted the effects of some colonization-promoting factors. bacterial and fungal wettability was not affected, but th ...	2010	20711895
efficient "one-pot" synthesis of novel 3-azabicyclic spiro-1',2',4'-triazolidin-3'-thiones catalyzed by potassium superoxide and their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities.	a new series of novel 3-azabicyclic spiro 1',2',4'-triazolidin-3'-thiones 15-21 catalyzed by potassium superoxide under microwave irradiation have been synthesized and studied for their in vitro microbiological evaluation on clinically isolated bacterial strains namely micrococcus luteus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, pseudomonas aeuroginosa and fungal strains namely aspergillus niger, candida albicans, candida 6 and candida 51. results of the in vitro microbiological evaluation of the syn ...	2010	20712258
characterization and genomic analysis of chromate resistant and reducing bacillus cereus strain sj1.	chromium is a toxic heavy metal, which primarily exists in two inorganic forms, cr(vi) and cr(iii). chromate [cr(vi)] is carcinogenic, mutational, and teratogenic due to its strong oxidizing nature. biotransformation of cr(vi) to less-toxic cr(iii) by chromate-resistant and reducing bacteria has offered an ecological and economical option for chromate detoxification and bioremediation. however, knowledge of the genetic determinants for chromate resistance and reduction has been limited so far. o ...	2010	20723231
[foodborne infections and intoxications in poland in 2008].	a total of 12 217 bacterial foodborne infections and intoxications were registered in 2008 (incidence 32.1/100 000 population). unlike bacterial infections, the incidence of viral foodborne infections increased in the recent years (2008 - 85.4 vs. 2007 - 57.1; 2006 - 54.21; 2005 - 32.8, and median 2002-2006 - 27.2). in 2008 were notify of 480 foodborne infections and intoxications involving 5788 cases (only outbreaks involving 4 person or more) and 138 foodborne (involving 2-3 persons). s. enter ...	2010	20731223
haemolysin ii is a bacillus cereus virulence factor that induces apoptosis of macrophages.	bacillus cereus is a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium causing food poisoning and serious opportunistic infections. these infections are characterized by bacterial accumulation despite the recruitment of phagocytic cells. the precise mechanisms and the bacterial factors allowing b. cereus to circumvent host immune responses remain to be elucidated. we have previously shown that b. cereus induces macrophage cell death by an unknown mechanism. here we identified the toxic component from the b. ...	2011	20731668
chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of retrohpyllum rospigliosii fruits from colombia.	the essential oil from fruits of retrophyllum rospigliosii (pilger) c.n. page grown in colombia was analyzed by gc and gc/ms. ninety-one compounds were identified, of which the most prominent were limonene (37.7%) and alpha-pinene (16.3%). the in vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oil was studied against seven bacterial strains using the disc diffusion method. the strongest activity of the oil was against the gram-positive bacterium bacillus cereus.	2010	20734957
an ultra-high temperature flow-through capillary device for bacterial spore lysis.	rapid and specific characterization of bacterial endospores is dependent on the ability to rupture the cell wall to enable analysis of the intracellular components. in particular, bacterial spores from the bacillus genus are inherently robust and very difficult to lyze or solubilize. standard protocols for spore inactivation include chemical treatment, sonication, pressure, and thermal lysis. although these protocols are effective for the inactivation of these agents, they are less well suited f ...	2010	20737447
chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of tripleurospermum disciforme in three developmental stages.	tripleurospermum disciforme (c.a. mey) schultz bip. (asteraceae) is a widespread biennial species which also has traditional medicinal uses. according to the few recent studies, essential oils of this species exhibit anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antiseptic, antifungal, antiulcer, and antioxidant activity. objective: the chemical compositions of the hydrodistilled oils of t. disciforme of iranian origin are studied in the stages of prior to flowering, flowering, and post flowering, for the f ...	2010	20795784
cemovis on a pathogen: analysis of bacillus anthracis spores.	background information: under conditions of starvation, bacteria of bacillus ssp. are able to form a highly structured cell type, the dormant spore. when the environment presents more favourable conditions, the spore starts to germinate, which will lead to the release of the vegetative form in the life cycle, the bacillus. for bacillus anthracis, the aetiological agent of anthrax, germination is normally linked to host uptake and represents an important step in the onset of anthrax disease. morp ...	2010	20795943
antimicrobial activities of 1,4-benzoquinones and wheat germ extract.	we evaluated the antibacterial activities of selected edible korean plant seeds against the food-borne pathogens staphylococcus aureus kctc1927, escherichia coli kctc2593, salmonella typhimurium kctc2054, and bacillus cereus kctc1014. while screening for antibacterial agents, we discovered that wheat germ extract contains 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (dmbq) and is highly inhibitory to s. aureus and b. cereus. this is the first report of the antibacterial activity of wheat germ extract. we also ...	2010	20798583
dimeric and tetrameric forms of enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase from bacillus cereus.	enoyl-[acyl carrier protein] reductase (enr) is an essential enzyme in type ii fatty-acid synthesis that catalyzes the last step in each elongation cycle. thus far fabi, fabl and fabk have been reported to carry out the reaction, with fabi being the most characterized. some bacteria have more than one enr, and bacillus cereus has two (fabi and fabl) reported. here, we have determined the crystal structures of the later in the apo form and in the ternary complex with nadp(+) and an indole naphthy ...	2010	20800575
evaluation of bacillus strains as model systems for the work on bacillus anthracis spores.	available strain collections of bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus were screened for b. cereus strains sharing major genotypic characteristics with b. anthracis. based on the comparison of partial spoiiiab sequences, whole genome sequences and mlst, a strain set representing different lineages including candidate model strains for b. anthracis was compiled. spores from the selected strain set and two b. anthracis strains were prepared according to a newly optimized protocol transferable to b ...	2011	20800917
[usefulness of a chromogenic selective agar for the identification of bacillus cereus isolated from blood cultures].	the incidence of bacillus cereus bacteremia is increasing, but the identification of bacillus species remains difficult. brilliance bacillus cereus agar (bbc agar; oxoid, uk) is a new chromagar medium that allows selective isolation and identification of b. cereus; however, its clinical usefulness is seldom studied. we evaluated the usefulness of bbc agar to identify b. cereus isolates recovered from blood cultures.	2010	20805712
use of tetra-ammonium tetrakis(4-sulphonato)phenyl porphyrin for pseudomonas and bacillus cell imaging.	the use of tetraammonium tetrakis(4-sulphonato)phenyl porphyrin (tpps), a water-soluble anionic compound, as a stain to analyse bacterial cells using fluorescent microscopy was investigated. tpps was effectively used to analyse two different bacteria: pseudomonas aeruginosa and bacillus cereus. the variation in brightness with varying concentrations of tpps was studied. the patterns of variations for these bacteria were found to be the same, but with consistently higher brightness for bacillus c ...	2010	20811478
biodegradation of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide by bacteria isolated from production water after polymer flooding in an oil field.	partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (hpam) in production water after polymer flooding in oil filed causes environmental problems, such as increases the difficulty in oil-water separation, degrades naturally to produce toxic acrylamide and endanger local ecosystem. biodegradation of hpam may be an efficient way to solve these problems. the biodegradability of hpam in an aerobic environment was studied. two hpam-degrading bacterial strains, named pm-2 and pm-3, were isolated from the produced wate ...	2010	20813455
prevalence of microorganisms of hygienic interest in an organized abattoir in mumbai, india.	the magnitude of food-borne illnesses in india is unknown because of lack of surveillance networks. monitoring the prevalence of food-borne pathogens and indicators of contamination in primary production at abattoirs is imperative for creating a data bank and for effective control of such pathogens before they enter the food chain.	2010	20818094
evaluation of a real-time pcr assay for the detection and quantification of bacillus cereus group spores in food.	a procedure based on quantitative real-time pcr was evaluated for the detection and quantification of bacillus cereus spores. several methods for dna isolation, such as various heat treatments and germination solutions, were evaluated on spore suspensions of representative strains of the b. cereus group. overall, the commercially available dneasy tissue kit yielded the maximum amount of dna. the procedure also was used to construct calibration curves for different food matrices, with a wide spor ...	2010	20819358
microbiological quality of wheat grain and flour from two mills in queensland, australia.	a baseline investigation of the microbiological quality of wheat grain and flour from two mills in queensland, australia, was undertaken in order to assess the capacity of these two mills to meet microbiological criteria specified by a customer for raw, non-heat-treated flour. this baseline testing was performed over the 2006 to 2007 wheat season. three hundred fifty flour samples were monitored for yeast, mold, and bacillus cereus, 300 for escherichia coli, 150 for salmonella, and 100 for aerob ...	2010	20819368
formation of very large conductance channels by bacillus cereus nhe in vero and gh(4) cells identifies nhea + b as the inherent pore-forming structure.	the nonhemolytic enterotoxin (nhe) produced by bacillus cereus is a pore-forming toxin consisting of three components, nhea, -b and -c. we have studied effects of nhe on primate epithelial cells (vero) and rodent pituitary cells (gh(4)) by measuring release of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), k(+) efflux and the cytosolic ca(2+) concentration ([ca(2+)](i)). plasma membrane channel events were monitored by patch-clamp recordings. using strains of b. cereus lacking either nhea or -c, we examined the f ...	2010	20821199
improving ethanol productivity by modification of glycolytic redox factor generation in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mutants of an industrial ethanol yeast.	the gpd2 gene, encoding nad(+)-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in an industrial ethanol-producing strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae, was deleted. and then, either the non-phosphorylating nadp(+)-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapn) from bacillus cereus, or the nadp(+)-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) from kluyveromyces lactis, was expressed in the obtained mutant ag2 deletion of gpd2, respectively. the resultant recombinant strain ag2a ...	2010	20824484
a multiplex real-time pcr for identifying and differentiating b. anthracis virulent types.	bacillus anthracis is closely related to the endospore forming bacteria bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. for accurate detection of the life threatening pathogen b. anthracis, it is essential to distinguish between these three species. here we present a novel multiplex real-time pcr for simultaneous specific identification of b. anthracis and discrimination of different b. anthracis virulence types. specific b. anthracis markers were selected by whole genome comparison and different se ...	2011	20826037
an efficient approach for the isolation, identification and evaluation of antimicrobial plant components on an analytical scale, demonstrated by the example of radix imperatoriae.	using radix imperatoriae (the root of masterwort) as an example, we describe an efficient approach for the isolation, identification and evaluation of bioactive plant components on an analytical scale. the extraction of radix imperatoriae with ethyl acetate was enhanced by the application of ultrasound oscillations. this rhizome extract was applied to three pathogenic bacteria (bacillus cereus, escherichia coli, and staphylococcus aureus) to determine its antimicrobial activity. disk diffusion w ...	2010	20827467
development and validation of a real-time quantitative pcr assay for rapid identification of bacillus anthracis in environmental samples.	a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for rapid identification of bacillus anthracis in environmental samples. these samples often harbor bacillus cereus bacteria closely related to b. anthracis, which may hinder its specific identification by resulting in false positive signals. the assay consists of two duplex real-time pcr: the first pcr allows amplification of a sequence specific of the b. cereus group (b. anthracis, b. cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus weihe ...	2010	20827474
a quadruple-enterotoxin-deficient mutant of bacillus thuringiensis remains insecticidal.	bacillus thuringiensis is the leading biopesticide used to control insect pests worldwide. although they have a long record of safe use, under certain conditions commercial strains of b. thuringiensis have the ability to produce numerous putative enterotoxins that have been associated with food poisoning attributed to bacillus cereus. therefore, we designed a strategy to delete the genes encoding these toxins. b. thuringiensis strain vbts 2477 contained genes encoding nhe, cytk-2 and three homol ...	2010	20829288
molecular ecology and polyphasic characterization of the microbiota associated with semi-dry processed coffee (coffea arabica l.).	this work was aimed at isolating and identifying the microbiota present during the semi-dry method of coffee processing using polyphasic methods and to evaluate microbial diversity with pcr-dgge. samples of coffea arabica l. were collected during different processing stages in southern minas gerais, brazil. the bacterial and fungal isolates were phenotypically characterised and grouped according to the ardra technique, in which the 16-23s and its1-5.8s regions of the rdna were sequenced for spec ...	2010	20832694
exopolysaccharides produced by lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains abrogate in vitro the cytotoxic effect of bacterial toxins on eukaryotic cells.	to evaluate the capability of the exopolysaccharides (eps) produced by lactobacilli and bifidobacteria from human and dairy origin to antagonize the cytotoxic effect of bacterial toxins.	2010	20846331
bacteria adsorption on hydrophilic surfaces for the sensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria using a single tube chamber system.	here, we developed a simple and effective bacterial isolation method that can be directly used for the detection of pathogenic bacteria. this approach only requires a single plastic tube chamber that can performing serial processes such as cell gathering, cell lysis, nucleic acid amplification, and signaling without the need to transfer samples from one chamber to another. a teos (tetraethoxysilane) surface was selected for this application because of its superior performance in the amplificatio ...	2010	20846847
quantification methods for bacillus cereus vegetative cells and spores in the gastrointestinal environment.	there is an interest to understand the fate and behaviour of the food-borne pathogen bacillus cereus in the gut, a challenging environment with a high bacterial background. we evaluated the current detection methods to select an appropriate strategy for b. cereus monitoring during gastrointestinal experiments. application of quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) in a gastrointestinal matrix required careful selection of the qpcr reaction and elaborate optimization of the dna extraction protocol. pri ...	2010	20849884
rapid functional definition of extended spectrum β-lactamase activity in bacterial cultures via competitive inhibition of fluorescent substrate cleavage.	the functional definition of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) activity is a clinical challenge. here we report a rapid and convenient assay of β-lactamase activity through the competitive inhibition of fluorescent substrate hydrolysis that provides a read-out nearly 40× more rapidly than conventional techniques for functional definition. a panel of β-lactam antibiotics was used for competition against β-lactamase enzyme-activated photosensitizer (β-leap) yielding a competitive index (c(i)) i ...	2010	20854415
antioxidant, cytoprotective and antibacterial effects of sea buckthorn (hippophae rhamnoides l.) leaves.	the present study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant, cytoprotective and antibacterial effects of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of hippophae rhamnoides l. (sea buckthorn) (sbt) leaves by using various in vitro systems and analysis of marker compounds by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc). the chemical composition of the leaf extracts was quantified by colorimetric reaction in terms of total phenol and flavonoids contents. further, some of its bioacti ...	2010	20854873
emetic toxin producing bacillus cereus korean isolates contain genes encoding diarrheal-related enterotoxins.	bacillus cereus can cause the diarrheal and emetic type of food poisoning but the symptoms of emetic food poisoning caused by b. cereus occasionally include emesis and diarrhea. the enterotoxin characteristics of emetic toxin (cereulide) producing b. cereus were needed to be determined. therefore, forty b. cereus strains isolated from various sources in korea were investigated for the presence of enterotoxin genes. all strains were confirmed to produce the emetic toxin using hplc-ms methods. the ...	2010	20869784
purification and characterization of a low molecular mass alkaliphilic lipase of bacillus cereus mtcc 8372.	a low molecular mass alkaliphilic extra-cellular lipase of bacillus cereus mtcc 8372 was purified 35-fold by hydrophobic interaction (octyl-sepharose) chromatography. the purified enzyme was found to be electrophoretically pure by denaturing gel electrophoresis and possessed a molecular mass of approximately 8 kda. it is a homopentamer of 40 kda as revealed by native-page. the lipase was optimally active at 55 °c and retained approximately half of its original activity after 40 min incubation at ...	2010	20870591
monitoring the kinetics of uptake of a nucleic acid dye during the germination of single spores of bacillus species.	dormant bacterial spores do not take up and bind nucleic acid dyes in the spore core but readily take up such dyes when they are fully germinated. we present a methodology that combines fluorescence microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, and laser tweezers raman spectroscopy to monitor the kinetics of uptake of the nucleic acid dye syto 16 during germination of individual bacillus cereus and bacillus subtilis spores. the level of dye bound to nucleic acids of individual spores was measured by fl ...	2010	20873796
[diversity of bacterial community in rhizosphere soils under effects of continuously planting burley tobacco].	by using t-rflp approach, this paper studied the dynamic changes of bacterial community in the rhizosphere soils under continuously planting burley tobacco for 1, 2 and 4 years. with the increasing of continuous planting years, the shannon index and margalef index of bacterial community in the rhizosphere soils decreased after an initial increase. after 4-year continuous planting, the diversity of the bacterial community decreased significantly, and the community structure became simple. the sim ...	2010	20879533
quantification of the emetic toxin cereulide in food products by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using synthetic cereulide as a standard.	bacillus cereus produces the emetic toxin cereulide, a cyclic dodecadepsipeptide that can act as a k(+) ionophore, dissipating the transmembrane potential in mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. because pure cereulide has not been commercially available, cereulide content in food samples has been expressed in valinomycin equivalents, a highly similar cyclic potassium ionophore that is commercially available. this research tested the biological activity of synthetic cereulide and validated its use a ...	2010	20889798
chemical composition, olfactory evaluation and antimicrobial activity of selected essential oils and absolutes from morocco.	the chemical compositions of selected essential oils from north africa, especially morocco, of geranium, wild moroccan chamomile and rosemary as well as absolutes of rose and geranium were determined using gc/fid and gc/ms. these oils and absolutes were tested concerning their antimicrobial activity against some food spoilage strains obtained from fresh milk and minced meat products, like sausages and pork fillet, in accordance with iso testing procedures. gram-positive (bacillus cereus and stap ...	2010	20922989
potential interaction between the volatile and non-volatile fractions on the in vitro antimicrobial activity of three south african pelargonium (geraniaceae) species.	previous studies have reported promising antimicrobial efficacy for the essential oils and solvent extracts of several indigenous pelargonium species. this study aimed to determine if any pharmacological interaction (e.g. synergism or antagonism) exists between the volatile and non-volatile components when the different fractions were investigated. the antimicrobial activity of the following fractions were tested; the essential oil prepared by hydrodistillation (eo), non-volatile fraction (nv), ...	2010	20922997
inference of homologous recombination in bacteria using whole-genome sequences.	bacteria and archaea reproduce clonally, but sporadically import dna into their chromosomes from other organisms. in many of these events, the imported dna replaces an homologous segment in the recipient genome. here we present a new method to reconstruct the history of recombination events that affected a given sample of bacterial genomes. we introduce a mathematical model that represents both the donor and the recipient of each dna import as an ancestor of the genomes in the sample. the model ...	2010	20923983
an unprecedented nucleic acid capture mechanism for excision of dna damage.	dna glycosylases that remove alkylated and deaminated purine nucleobases are essential dna repair enzymes that protect the genome, and at the same time confound cancer alkylation therapy, by excising cytotoxic n3-methyladenine bases formed by dna-targeting anticancer compounds. the basis for glycosylase specificity towards n3- and n7-alkylpurines is believed to result from intrinsic instability of the modified bases and not from direct enzyme functional group chemistry. here we present crystal s ...	2010	20927102
a large volume, portable, real-time pcr reactor.	a point-of-care, diagnostic system incorporating a portable thermal cycler and a compact fluorescent detector for real-time, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on disposable, plastic microfluidic reactors with relatively large reaction volume (ranging from 10 µl to 100 µl) is described. to maintain temperature uniformity and a relatively fast temperature ramping rate, the system utilizes double-sided heater that features a master, thermoelectric element and a thermal waveguide connected to a second ...	2010	20927453
a new natural spiro heterocyclic compound and the cytotoxic activity of the secondary metabolites from juniperus brevifolia leaves.	a new natural spiro compound 3,4-dehydrotheaspirone and the known arctiol [1β,6α-dihydroxy-4(14)-eudesmene] were isolated from juniperus brevifolia. arctiol is reported for the first time in the juniperus genus. their structures were established by 1d, and 2d nmr and ms spectra. antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of 1 and several secondary metabolites 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 previously isolated by our group from j. brevifolia were evaluated and some sar has been established. the 18-hydroxydeh ...	2010	20933587
mechanisms of bacillus cereus biofilm formation: an investigation of the physicochemical characteristics of cell surfaces and extracellular proteins.	microbial biofilms contribute to biofouling in a wide range of processes from medical implants to processed food. the extracellular polymeric substances (eps) are implicated in imparting biofilms with structural stability and resistance to cleaning products. still, very little is known about the structural role of the eps in gram-positive systems. here, we have compared the cell surface and eps of surface-attached (biofilm) and free-floating (planktonic) cells of bacillus cereus, an organism rou ...	2010	20936277
alkaline protease from bacillus cereus vitsn04: potential application as a dehairing agent.	the objective of this work is to use protease enzyme as an ecofriendly alternative to chemicals in dehairing. an alkaline protease producing bacterium was isolated from protein-rich soil sample. the bacterium was identified as bacillus cereus vitsn04 by 16s rrna gene sequencing method. growth characteristics and protease activity were studied in yeast, malt, beef, nutrient broth and soybean casein digest media and the enzyme secretion was found to correspond with growth. maximum protease product ...	2011	20937566
bacillus cereus bacteremia outbreak due to contaminated hospital linens.	we describe an outbreak of bacillus cereus bacteremia that occurred at jichi medical university hospital in 2006. this study aimed to identify the source of this outbreak and to implement appropriate control measures. we reviewed the charts of patients with blood cultures positive for b. cereus, and investigated b. cereus contamination within the hospital environment. genetic relationships among b. cereus isolates were analyzed. eleven patients developed b. cereus bacteremia between january and ...	2010	20938704
characterization and antimicrobial activity of 4-(β-d-glucopyranosyl-1→4-α-l-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-benzyl thiocarboxamide; a novel bioactive compound from moringa oleifera seed extract.	antimicrobial activity of crude seed extract of moringa oleifera was investigated by thin layer chromatography bioassay against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, cladosporium cladosporioides, and penicillium sclerotigenum; most of them were prominently inhibited by an isolate with r(f) 0.92-0.96. characterization and identification of the extract revealed the occurrence of three bioactive compounds: 4-(α-l-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate, methyl n-4-(α-l-r ...	2010	20941575
structure of the γ-d-glutamyl-l-diamino acid endopeptidase ykfc from bacillus cereus in complex with l-ala-γ-d-glu: insights into substrate recognition by nlpc/p60 cysteine peptidases.	dipeptidyl-peptidase vi from bacillus sphaericus and ykfc from bacillus subtilis have both previously been characterized as highly specific γ-d-glutamyl-l-diamino acid endopeptidases. the crystal structure of a ykfc ortholog from bacillus cereus (bcykfc) at 1.8 å resolution revealed that it contains two n-terminal bacterial sh3 (sh3b) domains in addition to the c-terminal catalytic nlpc/p60 domain that is ubiquitous in the very large family of cell-wall-related cysteine peptidases. a bound react ...	2010	20944232
probiotic properties of lactobacillus strains isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants and taiwanese pickled cabbage.	this study assessed potential probiotic lactobacillus strains isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants and from taiwanese pickled cabbage for their possible use in probiotic fermented foods by evaluating their (i) in vitro adhesive ability, resistance to biotic stress, resistance to pathogenic bacteria, and production of β-galactosidase; (ii) milk technological properties; and (iii) in vivo adhesive ability, intestinal survival and microbial changes during and after treatment. five lactobac ...	2010	20951815
potential of the melanophore pigment response for detection of bacterial toxicity.	chromatophore cells have been investigated as potential biodetectors for function-based detection of chemically and biologically toxic substances. oncorhynchus tshawytscha (chinook salmon) melanophores, a chromatophore cell type containing brown pigment, rapidly detect the salmonid pathogens aeromonas salmonicida, yersinia ruckeri, and flavobacterium psychrophilum and the human pathogen bacillus cereus.	2010	20952639
[can industrial laundry remove bacillus cereus from hospital linen?].	contaminated hospital linen has caused some cases of bacillus cereus bacteremia in japan. we analyzed the disinfection efficacy of industrial washing of hospital towels and sheets by counting the number of b. cereus on linen before and after washing. that before washing averaged 7.6 cells/cm2 on unwashed sheets, decreasing to 1.2 cells/cm2 after washing. that on unwashed towels, however, averaged 10(6) cells/cm2 before washing and 1096 cells/cm2 after washing, which was very high and suggested t ...	2010	20960937
interspersed dna repeats bcr1-bcr18 of bacillus cereus group bacteria form three distinct groups with different evolutionary and functional patterns.	many short (<400 bp) interspersed sequence repeats exist in bacteria, yet little is known about their origins, mode of generation, or possible function. here, we present a comprehensive analysis of 18 different previously identified repeated dna elements, bcr1-bcr18 (økstad oa, hegna i, lindback t, rishovd al, kolstø ab. 1999. genome organization is not conserved between bacillus cereus and bacillus subtilis. microbiology. 145:621-631.; tourasse nj, helgason e, økstad oa, hegna ik, kolstø ab. 20 ...	2010	20961964
multiple-trap laser tweezers raman spectroscopy for simultaneous monitoring of the biological dynamics of multiple individual cells.	we report the development of a multiple-trap laser tweezers raman spectroscopy (ltrs) array for simultaneously acquiring raman spectra of individual cells in physiological environments. this ltrs-array technique was also combined with phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, allowing measurement of raman spectra, refractility, and fluorescence images of individual cells with a temporal resolution of ~5 s. as a demonstration, we used this technique to monitor multiple bacillus cereus spores ge ...	2010	20967053
a large foodborne outbreak on a small pacific island.	on march 25, 2009, the ebeye leroj kitlang memorial health center on the island of ebeye in the republic of the marshall islands was overwhelmed with over 100 patients presenting for vomiting and diarrhea. epidemiologic investigation revealed that there were 174 cases among 187 attendees at a local funeral earlier in the day. most cases had eaten served sandwiches containing egg products that had undergone severe time-temperature abuse. while no causal agents were identified, the epidemiology an ...	2010	20968238
on the process of sporulation in a strain of bacillus cereus.		1946	21018690
change of bacillus cereus flavonoid o-triglucosyltransferase into flavonoid o-monoglucosyltransferase by error-prone polymerase chain reaction.	the attachment of sugar to flavonoids enhances their solubility. glycosylation is performed primarily by uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (ugts). the ugt from bacillus cereus, bcgt-1 transferred three glucose molecules into kaempferol. the structural analysis of bcgt-1 showed that its substrate binding site is wider than that of flavonoid monoglucosyltransferase of plant. in order to create monoglucosyltransferase from bcgt-1, error-prone polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was per ...	2010	21030823
effects of mentha longifolia l. essential oil and nisin alone and in combination on bacillus cereus and bacillus subtilis in a food model and bacterial ultrastructural changes.	in the face of emerging new pathogens and ever-growing health-conscious customers, food preservation technology remains on the top agenda of food industry. this study was aimed at determining the effects of the essential oil of mentha longifolia l., alone and in combination with nisin, on bacillus cereus and bacillus subtilis at 8°c and 25°c in a food model (commercial barley soup) during 15 days. the essential oil alone at 8°c inhibited bacterial growth significantly compared with the control ( ...	2010	21034248
features of bacillus cereus swarm cells.	when propagated on solid surfaces, bacillus cereus can produce differentiated swarm cells under a wide range of growth conditions. this behavioural versatility is ecologically relevant, since it allows this bacterium to adapt swarming to environmental changes. swarming by b. cereus is medically important: swarm cells are more virulent and particularly prone to invade host tissues. characterisation of swarming-deficient mutants highlights that flagellar genes as well as genes governing different ...	2010	21035546
enhancement of wood waste decomposition by microbial inoculation prior to vermicomposting.	to investigate the feasibility of microbial pre-decomposition of timber wastes to quality production of vermicompost with higher agronomic value, timber wastes were inoculated with different combinations of the fungi phanerochete chrysosporium, trichoderma reesei, aspergillus niger and the bacteria azotobacter chroococcum (mtcc 3853) and bacillus cereus (mtcc 4079) and incubated at 28-30 °c in a mechanical composter. the inoculation enhanced the degradation of timber wastes, increased total nitr ...	2010	21036037